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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Plastic and cosmetic surgery

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Plastic and cosmetic surgery

Author: Frederick Strange Kolle

Release date: April 23, 2024 [eBook #73452]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1911

Credits: deaurider and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLASTIC AND COSMETIC SURGERY ***

PLASTIC AND COSMETIC SURGERY

“FATHER OF PLASTIC SURGERY. ”

PLASTIC AND COSMETIC SURGERY

BY FREDERICK STRANGE KOLLE, M.D.

FELLOW OF NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE; MEMBER OF DEUTSCHE MEDEZINISCHE

GESELLSCHAFT, N. Y., KINGS COUNTY HOSPITAL ALUMNI SOCIETY, AUTHORS’ COMMITTEE AMERICAN HEALTH LEAGUE, PHYSICIANS’ LEGISLATURE LEAGUE ETC.; AUTHOR OF “THE X-RAYS: THEIR PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION,” “MEDICO-SURGICAL RADIOGRAPHY,” “SUBCUTANEOUS HYDROCARBON PROTHESES,” ETC.

WITHONECOLOREDPLATEANDFIVEHUNDREDAND TWENTY-TWOILLUSTRATIONSINTEXT

NEW YORK AND LONDON

D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1911

PRINTED AT THE APPLETON PRESS, NEW YORK, U. S. A. TO

ALPHONZO BENJAMIN BOWERS

WHO KINDLED THE FIRE OF MY AMBITION AND KEPT IT BURNING BY HIS INTEREST AND UNTIRING APPRECIATION THIS WORK IS WITH HEARTFELT GRATITUDE INSCRIBED

PREFACE

The object of the author has been to place before the profession a thoroughly practical and concise treatise on plastic and cosmetic surgery. The importance of this branch of practice is at the present time undeniable, yet the literature on this subject is widely scattered and scanty. It consists mostly of small, detached papers or reports in different countries, with an occasional reference in text-books on general surgery.

The author feels, from the numerous inquiries made him by physicians from many parts of the world concerning methods herein described, that there is now an actual need for an authoritative work on this subject.

Great care has been taken to select the best matter and to present it with comprehensive illustrations every physician can readily and confidently refer to.

Skin-grafting has been particularly gone into, as well as electrolysis as applied to dermatology, with information as to the construction and scientific use of apparatus involved.

To the whole has been added the practical experience and criticism of the author, who has devoted many years to the scientific and faithful advancement of this specialty.

FREDERICK STRANGE KOLLE.

OPERATING

The operating room: The walls; The floors; Skylight; Disinfection; Instrument cabinet; Operating table; Instrument table; Irrigator—Care of instruments— Preparation of the surgeon and assistants: Care of the hands; Gowns—Preparing the patient: General preparation; Preparation of the operative field 9

CHAPTER III

REQUIREMENTS DURING OPERATION

Sponges and sponging—Sterilization of dressings: Wallace sterilizer; Sprague sterilizer; Sterilizing plant; Dressing cases; Waste cans—Sutures and sterilization: Silkworm gut and silk; Catgut

Pedunculated flaps—Foreign bodies

CHAPTER VI

SECONDARY ANTISEPSIS

Septicemia following wound infection—Gangrene— Erysipelatous infection 52

CHAPTER VII

ANESTHETICS

General anesthesia: Preparation for general anesthesia; Chloroform; Ether; Combined anesthesia; Nitrous oxid; Ethyl bromid; Ethyl chlorid—Local anesthesia: Ethyl chlorid; Cocain; Beta eucain; Liquid air; Stovain 58

CHAPTER

VIII

PRINCIPLES OF PLASTIC SURGERY

Incisions—Sutures—Needles—Needle holders—Methods in plastic operations: Stretching method; Sliding method; Twisting method; Implantation of pedunculated flaps by bridging; Transplantation of nonpedunculated flaps or skin-grafting; Autodermic skin-grafting; Heterodermic skin-grafting; Zoödermic skin-grafting—Mucousmembrane-grafting—Bone-grafting—Hair-transplantation 76

CHAPTER IX

BLEPHAROPLASTY

Ectropion: Partial ectropion; Complete ectropion; Ectropion of both lids—Epicanthus—Canthoplasty—Ptosis— Ankyloblepharon—Wrinkled eyelids—Xanthelasma palpebrarum 103

CHAPTER X

OTOPLASTY

Restoration of the auricle—Auricular protheses—Coloboma— Malformation of the lobule: Enlargement of the lobule; 120

Attachment of the lobe—Malformation of the auricle: Microtia—Auricular Appendages—Polyotia—Malposition of the auricle

CHAPTER XI

CHEILOPLASTY

Harelip: Classification of harelip deformities; The operative correction of harelip; Of unilateral labial cleft; Of congenital bilateral labial cleft; Post-operative treatment of harelip—Superior cheiloplasty: Classification of deformities of the upper lip; Operative correction of deformities of the upper lip—Inferior cheiloplasty—Labial deficiency—Labial ectropion—Labial entropion—Vermilion deficiency 145

CHAPTER

XII

STOMATOPLASTY

The correction of macrostoma—The correction of microstoma 192

CHAPTER

XIII

MELOPLASTY

Small and medium defects—Large defects—Employment of protheses 198

CHAPTER XIV

SUBCUTANEOUS HYDROCARBON PROTHESES

Indications—Precautions—The advantage of the method— Untoward results: Intoxication; Reaction; Infection; Necrosis; Sloughing; Sloughing due to pressure; Subinjection; Hyperinjection; Air embolism; Paraffin embolism; Primary diffusion or extension of paraffin; Interference with muscular action of the wings of the nose; Escape of paraffin after withdrawal of needle; Solidification of paraffin in needle; Absorption or disintegration of the paraffin; The difficulty of procuring

209

paraffin with proper melting point; Hypersensitiveness of skin; Redness of the skin; Secondary diffusion of the injected mass; Hyperplasia of the connective tissue following the organization of injected matter; Yellow appearance and thickening of the skin after organization of the injected mass has taken place; The breaking down of tissue and resultant abscess due to the pressure of the injected mass upon the adjacent tissue after the injection has become organized—The proper instruments for the subcutaneous injection of hydrocarbon protheses— Preparation of the site of operation—Preparation of the instruments for operation—The practical technique— Specific classification for the employment and indication of hydrocarbon protheses about the face—Specific classification for the employment and indication of hydrocarbon protheses about the shoulders, etc.— Specific technique for the correction of regional deformities about the face: Transverse depressions; Deficient or receding forehead; Unilateral deficiency; Interciliary furrow; Temporal muscular deficiency; Deformities of the nose; Deformities about the mouth; Deformities about the cheeks; Deformities about the orbit; Deformities about the chin; Deformities about the ear—Specific technique for the correction of deformities about the shoulders

CHAPTER XV

RHINOPLASTY

The causes of nasal destruction—Classification of deformities —Surgical technique—Protheses—Nasal replanting—Nasal transplanting—Total rhinoplasty: Pedunculated flap method; The Indian or Hindu method; The French method; The Italian method; The combined flap method; Organic support of nasal flaps; Periostitic supports; Osteoperiostitic supports; Cartilaginous support of flap— 339

Partial rhinoplasty; Restoration of base of nose; Restoration of lobule and alæ; Restoration of the alæ; Restoration of nasal lobule; Restoration of subseptum

CHAPTER XVI

COSMETIC RHINOPLASTY

Angular nasal deformity—Correction of elevated lobule— Correction of bulbous lobule—Angular excision to correct lobule—Correction of malformations about nasal lobule— Deficiency of nasal lobule—Correction of widened base of nose—Reduction of thickness of alæ—Correction of nasal deviation—Undue prominence of nasal process of the superior maxillary 448

CHAPTER XVII

ELECTROLYSIS IN DERMATOLOGY

The electric battery The voltage or electromotive force—Cell selector—Milliampèremeter The electric current Portable batteries—Electrodes—Removal of superfluous hair—Removal of moles or other facial growths— Telangiectasis—Removal of nævi—Removal of tattoo marks—The treatment of scars 470

CHAPTER XVIII

CASE RECORDING METHODS

Photographs—Stencil record—The rubber stamp—The plaster cast—Preparation of photographs 491

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Transcriber’s Note: Some illustrations have been moved to where they fit best with the surrounding text. Links lead to the illustration, not to the page number.

WOUND DRESSING

PRINCIPLES OF PLASTIC SURGERY

77.—Triangular excision

78.—Coaptation of flaps

79.—Lentenner method of excision

of flap

81.—Burns method of excision

82.—Coaptation of flaps

83.—Tagliacozza harness

84. Smith skin-grafting scissors

85.—Thiersch skin-grafting razor

86.—Thiersch folding razor

87.—Method of cutting Thiersch graft

88.—Method of placing Thiersch graft

BLEPHAROPLASTY

89.—Correction of ectropion, Dieffenbach method

90 a and b.—Correction of partial ectropion (author’s case)

91, 92.—Complete ectropion, Dieffenbach method

93, 94.—Complete ectropion, Wolfe method

95, 96.—Complete ectropion, Fricke method

97, 98.—Complete ectropion, Ammon-Von Langenbeck method

99, 100.—Complete ectropion, Dieffenbach-Serre method

101, 102, 103.—Complete ectropion, Tripier method

104, 105.—Complete ectropion, Von Artha method

106, 107.—Epicanthus, Bull method

108.—Probe-pointer angular scissors

109, 110, 111.—External canthoplasty

112, 113.—Blepharoplastics, author’s method

114.—Curved eye scissors

OTOPLASTY

115.—Partial restoration of the auricle

116.—Correction of lobular defect

117.—Coaptation of wound

118, 119.—Greene method correcting coloboma

120.—Noyes’s clamp

121, 122.—Correction of attached lobe

123.—Restoration of auricle, Szymanowski method

124. Auricular stump for attachment of artificial ear

125.—Auricular prothesis

126.—Auricular prothesis applied to stump

127. Anterior view of auricular prothesis

128.—Posterior view of auricular prothesis

129, 130, 131. Schwartze method of correction of macrotia

132, 133.—Parkhill method of correction of macrotia

134, 135. Author’s method of correction of macrotia

136, 137.—Author’s method of correction of macrotia

138.—Monks’ method of correction of malposed ear

139, 140. Author’s method of correction of malposed ear

141, 142.—Correction of malposed auricles, author’s case (anterior view)

CHEILOPLASTY

cleft, Siegel’s

cleft with rhinophyma, Trendelenburg’s

149, 150, 151. Types of unilateral labial cleft

154.—Buccal fissure with macrostoma

155, 156, 157.—Harelip correction, Nélaton method

158, 159.—Harelip correction, Fillebrown method

160, 161, 162.—Harelip correction, Von LangenbeckWolff-Sedillot method

163, 164, 165.—Harelip correction, Malgaigne method 154 166, 167.—Harelip correction, Gräfe method 154 168, 169, 170.—Harelip correction, Mirault method 155 171, 172, 173.—Harelip correction, Giralde method 155 174, 175, 176.—Harelip correction, König method

177, 178, 179.—Harelip correction, Maas method

180, 181, 182.—Harelip correction, Haagedorn method

183, 184, 185.—Harelip correction, Dieffenbach method

186, 187.—Correction bilateral cleft, Von Esmarch method

188, 189, 190.—Correction bilateral cleft, Maas method 159

191, 192, 193.—Correction bilateral cleft, Haagedorn method 160 194, 195, 196.—Correction bilateral cleft, Simon method

197.—Hainsley cheek compressor

198, 199.—Superior cheiloplasty, Bruns method 164 200, 201.—Superior cheiloplasty, Sedillot method 165 202. Superior cheiloplasty, Buck method 165 203, 204, 205.—Superior cheiloplasty, Estlander method 166

206, 207. Inferior cheiloplasty, Richerand method 169 208, 209.—Extirpation of vermilion border 169 210, 211. Inferior cheiloplasty, Celsus method with additional incisions 170 212, 213.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Estlander method 171

214, 215.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Bruns method 172

216, 217.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Buck method 172

218, 219. Inferior cheiloplasty, Dieffenbach method 173

220, 221.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Jäsche method 174

222, 223. Inferior cheiloplasty, Trendelenburg method 174

224, 225.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Bruns method 175

226, 227. Inferior cheiloplasty, Bruns bilateral method 175 228, 229, 230. Inferior cheiloplasty, Buchanan method 176

231, 232. Inferior cheiloplasty, Syme method 177

233, 234.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Blasius method 178

235, 236.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Bürow method 178

237, 238. Inferior cheiloplasty, von Langenbeck 179 239, 240.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Morgan method 180 241, 242.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Zeis method 181

243, 244. Inferior cheiloplasty, Delpech method 182 245, 246.—Inferior cheiloplasty, Teale method 185

247, 248.—Labial ectropion, author’s method 187 249, 250.—Labial ectropion, author’s method 188

STOMATOPLASTY

251, 252.—Correction of Macrostoma, Dieffenbach-Von Langenbeck method 193

253, 254.—Correction of Macrostoma, author’s method 195

255, 256.—Correction of Microstoma, Dieffenbach method 196

257. Artificial mouth, Heuter 196

MELOPLASTY

258, 259.—Meloplasty, Serre method 199

260, 261.—Correction of angle of mouth 200

262, 263.—Correction of extensive angle of mouth 200

264, 265.—Meloplasty, Kraske method 201

266, 267, 268.—Meloplasty, Israel method 202

269, 270.—Meloplasty, Bardenheuer 202

271, 272, 273, 274.—Meloplasty, Bardenheuer 203

275, 276, 277, 278.—Meloplasty, Bardenheuer 204

279, 280.—Meloplasty, Staffel 205

281.—Cheek prothesis after removal of sarcoma, Martin 206

282.—Prothesis applied to face 207

SUBCUTANEOUS HYDROCARBON PROTHESES

283.—Circulation of the head (author) Facing210

284.—Eckstein insulated syringe 232

285.—Quinlan paraffin heater 232

286.—Author’s electrothermic paraffin heater 244

287.—Smith paraffin heater 246

288 a, 288 b.—Microphotograph, showing fibromatosis Facing258

289.—Author’s drop syringe 265

290. Author’s all-metal syringe 266

291. Smith’s all-metal syringe 267

292, 293.—Anterior superior third nasal deficiency and correction thereof 289

294, 295.—Anterior median third nasal deficiency and correction thereof 292

296, 297. Anterior inferior third nasal deficiency and correction thereof 294

298 a, 298 b.—Anterior superior and inferior third nasal deficiency and correction thereof 301

299, 300. Anterior total nasal deficiency and corrections thereof 303

301.—Untoward effect of paraffin injection about lobule and anterior nasal line 311

302, 303.—Profile view, showing correction of antero- 330

lateral deficiency about chin

304, 305.—Frontal view, showing correction of anterolateral deficiency about chin; also correction of deficiency of cheeks

RHINOPLASTY

306.—Deficiency of superior and middle third of nose

307.—Post-ulcerative deformity of superior third of nose

308.—Loss of right ala, lobule and columna

309.—Loss of lobule, inferior septum and columna

310.—Ulcerative

336.—Von Langenbeck method of rhinoplasty

337.—Von Langenbeck method of rhinoplasty

338. Szymanowski method of rhinoplasty

339.—Nélaton method of rhinoplasty

340.—Heuter method of rhinoplasty

341.—Bürow method of rhinoplasty

342.—Szymanowski method of rhinoplasty

343, 344. Serre method of rhinoplasty

345, 346.—Maisonneuve method of rhinoplasty

347, 348, 349.—Dieffenbach arm-flap method

350. Szymanowski arm-flap method

351.—Fabrizi arm-flap method

352, 353. Steinthal thoracic flap method

354, 355. Volkman method of rhinoplasty

356.—Keegan method of rhinoplasty

357, 358. Verneuil method of rhinoplasty 380

359, 360.—Thiersch method of rhinoplasty

361, 362.—Helferich method of rhinoplasty

363, 364. Sedillot method of rhinoplasty

365.—Berger arm-flap method

366.—Berger retention apparatus

367, 368.—Szymanowski rhinoplasty method

369.—König rhinoplasty method

370. Von Hacker rhinoplasty method, arrangement of frontal flap to allow chiseling

371.—Von Hacker rhinoplasty method, making osteoperiostic support

372.—Von Hacker rhinoplasty method, bone-lined flap in position

373, 374.—Rotter rhinoplastic method

375, 376.—Schimmelbusch frontal flap method

377, 378.—Helferich rhinoplasty method

379, 380, 381.—Krause rhinoplasty method

382.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method

383.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method, making bony support

384.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method, cutting through bony plate

385.—Nélaton rhinoplasty method, disposition of frontal flap

386.—Israel method, forearm flap

387. Israel method, position of forearm to place flap

388.—Nélaton method, outlining frontal flap

389.—Nélaton method, locating cartilage strip

390.—Nélaton method, excision of cartilage strip

method, placing of cartilage strip

392.—Nélaton method, bringing down frontal flap

method, placing frontal flap

Langenbeck method, first

413.—Bayer-Payr restoration of lobule, disposition of flaps 425

414.—Bayer-Payr restoration of lobule, placing of pedicles after division 425

415.—Ch. Nélaton method, attachment of forearm flap

416.—Ch. Nélaton method, forearm flap in position, lateral flaps

417.—Ch. Nélaton method, disposition lateral flaps 426

418.—Denonvillier method, making of flap for ala 428

419.—Denonvillier method, disposition of flap for anterior pedicle ala 428

420.—Denonvillier method, making of flap for ala, posterior pedicle 428

421.—Denonvillier method, disposition of flap for ala, posterior pedicle 428 422, 423.—Mutter method of restoration of ala 429

424, 425.—Von Langenbeck method of restoration of ala

426.—Busch method of restoration of ala

427.—Dieffenbach method of restoration of ala 431

428.—Dupuytren method of restoration of ala 431

429.—Fritz-Reich method of restoration of ala 431

430, 431, 432, 433. Sedillot method of restoration of ala

434, 435.—Nélaton method of restoration of ala

436, 437.—Bonnet method of restoration of ala 434 438, 439.—Weber method of restoration of ala 434

440.—Thompson mucosa flap

441, 442. Thompson method of restoration of ala 435

443, 444.—Blandin method of restoration of ala

445, 446. Von Hacker method of restoration of ala

447, 448.—Kolle method of restoration of ala 437 449.—Denonvillier method of restoration of ala 438

450, 451, 452.—Von Hacker method of restoration of ala

453.—König method of restoration of ala

454, 455.—Kolle method of restoration of ala 441

456, 457.—Kolle method of restoration of lobule 442

458, 459.—Blandin method of restoration of subseptum

460, 461.—Dupuytren method of restoration of subseptum

462.—Serre method of restoration of subseptum

463, 464.—Dieffenbach method of restoration of subseptum

465.—Heuter method of restoration of subseptum

466.—Szymanowski method of restoration of subseptum

467, 468.—Szymanowski method of restoration of subseptum

COSMETIC RHINOPLASTY

469 a, 469 b.—Monk method of correction of angular nose

470, 471, 472.—Median nasal incision for angular nose

473, 474.—Kolle method of lateral incision for angular nose

475, 476.—Kolle chisel set

477.—Kolle metal mallet

478, 479.—Kolle method of correction of retroussé nose

480, 481.—Kolle method of correction of broad lobule 456

482, 483.—Kolle method of correction of elongated lobule

484.—Kolle method of correction of elongated lobule and base of nose after excision

485.—Kolle method of correction of elongated lobule base of alæ and lobule

486, 487.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation

488, 489.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation

490, 491.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation

492, 493.—Kolle plaster cast of lobule operation

494, 495.—Gensoul method of correcting broad nasal base

496, 497.—Kolle method of correction of broad nasal base

498, 499.—Linhardt method of reduction of thickened alæ

500, 501.—Dieffenbach method of

ELECTROLYSIS IN DERMATOLOGY

519.—Multiple

CASE RECORDING METHODS

PLASTIC AND COSMETIC SURGERY

CHAPTER I

HISTORICAL

It seems almost incredible that at this late day so little is generally known to the surgical profession of the beautiful and practical, not to say grateful, art of plastic or restorative surgery, successfully practiced even by the ancients.

The progress of the art has been much interrupted. It is only the later methods of antisepsis, which have so greatly added to general surgery, that have placed it firmly upon the basis of a distinct and separate art in surgical science.

To Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a Latin physician and philosopher, supposed to have lived in the time of Augustus, we owe the first authentic principles of the science. He was a most prolific writer and an urgent worker. After having introduced the Hippocratic system to the Romans he became known as the Roman Hippocrates. His bestknown work handed down to us is the “De Medicina,” the first edition of which, divided into eight books, appeared in Florence in 1478. The seventh and eighth volumes, designated the “Surgical Bible,” contain much valuable data in reference to opinions and observations of the Alexandrian School of Medicine.

In considering plastic operations about the face (Curta in auribus, labrisque ac naribus) he writes, “Ratio curationis ejus modi est; id quod curtatum est, in quadratum redigere; ab interoribus ejus angulis lineas transversas incidere, quæ citeriorem partem ab ulteriore ex toto diducant; deinda ea quæ resolvimus, in unum adducere. Si non satis junguntur, ultra lineas, quas ante fecimus, alias dua lunatas et ad plagam conversas immittere, quibus summa tantum cutis diducatur, sic enim fit, ut facilius quod adducitur, segui possit, quod non vi cogendum est, sed ita adducendum ut ex facili subsequatur; et dimissum non multum recedat.”