North American Trainer - Spring '22 - issue 63

ISSUE 63 – Spring 2022 $6.95 www.trainermagazine.com

THE QUARTERLY MAGAZINE FOR THE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE THOROUGHBRED

JOHN ALEXANDER ORTIZ

MY WAY

THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE

DIVERSIFICATION OF THE SIRE LINES

Have they diversified over the last 50 years?

THE HIRSCH FAMILY LEGACY

How Clement Hirsch left his mark on the racing industry

BOLSTERING INCENTIVES

The best options for breeders in 2022

| OPINION |

GILES ANDERSON PUBLISHER’S OPINION

Our cover trainer profile features John Alexander Ortiz.

He made big gains in his stable earnings during 2021— more than doubling the purse money won in 2020. Our questions were how did this happen, and how did he do it?

What tweaks did he make to his training practices to have such a jump in earnings? The answer: None.

When a lean spell came last summer, Ortiz was considering making changes to his feed program but remembered the advice Steve Asmussen had told him a few years earlier: “Stick to your guns; nobody knows your horses better than you do. Don’t let anybody else tell you where to run them.

Don’t change your system. Be who you are.”

But as Ken Snyder tells us in his article on Ortiz, the one change he made was in the way the barn operated.

One simple tweak has resulted in a cohesive training unit, which is now paying huge dividends.

With the “Road to the Kentucky Derby” now in full swing, Ortiz is hoping that he finds his own route to Louisville with his exciting colt—Barber Road—who certainly turned a few heads when running impressively to finish second on his last start in the Southwest Stakes at Oaklawn Park.

With this being our spring issue of the magazine, we always devote much coverage to the breeding end of the game. So we’ve provided the latest state (and province) incentives being offered this year across North America.

Nancy Sexton’s feature poses the question: Have the different sire lines on offer to breeders diversified that much over the last fifty years?

Duncan Taylor responded with an interesting insight.

“From 1956, the leading sire by earnings for each year since tells the story of the Thoroughbred breed and its evolution.

Speed has been the centerpiece of the story. During this 65-year period, the leading sire list has been topped on only eight occasions by stallions from sire lines other than the Phalaris paternal line: Princequillo (1957 and 1958), Ambiorix (1961), Round Table (1972), Dr. Fager (1977), Nodouble (1980), His Majesty (1982) and Broad Brush (1994) are those eight sires.”

“Every other time it has been led by a Phalaris line stallion—Northern Dancer, Mr. Prospector, Bold Ruler and Hail To Reason. If you look back at the leading sires list by earnings for 2021, you see that all bar one of the top 50 stallions traces back to Phalaris: 19/50 trace through Mr. Prospector, 16 through Northern Dancer, 11 through Bold Ruler, two through Hail To Reason and one through Caro. Only the In Reality line, represented through Tiznow (in 45th), does not trace back to Phalaris.”

I ask myself where the gene pool will be 20 years from now.

Our next issue of the magazine will be the Triple Crown issue—published at the end of April, so until then, wherever your racing takes you - good luck!

ISSUE 63 TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM

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CONTRIBUTORS Editorial Director/Publisher & Advertising Sales Giles Anderson (859) 242 5025

Alan F. Balch was hired as the executive director of the California Thoroughbred Trainers in April 2010. His professional career in racing began at Santa Anita in 1971, where he advanced to the position of senior vice president of marketing and assistant general manager, and was in charge of the Olympic Games Equestrian veE nts in Los Angeles in 1984. He retired in the early 90s to become ov lunteer president of the National Equestrian Federation of the USA, as well as of the National Horse Show of Madison Square Garden. He remains president of USA Equestrian Trust, Inc.

Sub-Editor Jana Caalierv Photography Co-ordination, Circulation & Advert Production Miandr Filmer (1 888 659 2935)

Dr. Jerefin Dasiv is currently associate professor of Clinical Pharmacology at the iV rginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and an associate editor of Equine Veterinary Journal . She has completed a residency in equine internal medicine at North Carolina State University and achieved oard certification as a specialist in large animal internal medicine as well as a Ph and specialist status in veterinary clinical pharmacology.

Trainer Magazine is published by Anderson & Co Publishing Ltd. Contact details Tel: 1 888 659 2935 Fax: 1 888 218 4206 ainermgz.fo@t com .w ainermgz.t com

Jehaimer Eayels is a diplomate of the College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS). He graduated from the Regional ollege of eterinary edicine and then went on to complete an internship at the Equine Medical Center of Ocala and residency at the University of Florida, College of Veterinary edicine. e is c rrently an associate professor in the epartment of linical ciences at olorado tate ni ersity where he directs the Preclinical rgical Research a oratory, which speciali es in translational research and medical device development and testing.

oN rth America PO Box 13248, Leton,xig KY 40583-3248 nU ited Kingdom 14 Berwick Couryad,t Berwick St Leonard, Sa,lisbury Wiltshire SP3 5UA

Bil Heler is an cE lipse Award-winning author whose 27th book, Fred Hooper – The Extraordinary Life of a Thoroughbred Legend , was published last summer. His other biographies include Hall of ame oc eys Ron rcotte, Randy Romero and Jose antos. ill and his wife arianne li e near lfstream Par . ill s son en amin is an accomplished marathon r nner in New or .

Trainer Magazine is the official magazine of the California Thoroughbred Trainers. It is distributed to all ‘Trainer’ members of the Thoroughbred Horsemen’s Association and all members of the Consignors and Commercial Breeders Association, the Maryland Horse Breeders Association, the Pennsylvania Horse Breeders Association, the Alberta Thoroughbred Owners & Breeders Association and the Virginia Thoroughbred Association.

Anein Laretbm is a photojournalist based in Temecula, California. She grew up enjoying many facets of the e ine ind stry with her eterinarian father, r. illard . mmert, and mother, Pat North Ommert, who is an inductee of the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame. Annie has been involved in many aspects of the Thoroughbred racing industry, rode hunters and uj mpers as well as reined cow horses.

Naync Seonxt is based in Newmarket and contributes to a av riety of publications worldwide, and is a regular at sales across uE rope and North America in her role as uE ropean representative of ch mer loodstoc . he en oys maintaining a small roodmare and in ent c y.

Ken Snyder is a current turf writer for Gallop maga ine, and a t rf tra el c lt re writer for Kentucky Monthly maga ine. is wor has appeared, as well, in other p lications, incl ding Blood-Horse . He and his wife, assie, reside in ttawa, ent c y.

Trainer Magazine (ISSN 17580293) is published 4 times a year: February, April, July and October by Anderson & Co Publishing and distributed in the USA by Modern Litho | Brown Printing, 6009 Stertzer Road, Jefferson City, MO 65101.

Periodicals postage paid at Rahway, NJ and at additional mailing offices.

POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Trainer Magazine, Anderson & Co Publishing, PO Box 13248, Lexington, KY 40583-3248.

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IT FEELS LIKE AGES, BUT THE TRACK IS BACK JUMPSTART YOUR TRAINING WITH A BOOST

BY MARK HANSEN ow that it is time to get back to the tracks, the pressure to win is greater than ever before. Some will resort to whatever it takes to get an advantage . . . even if it means putting their horses’ lives in mortal danger by doping them with illegal synthetic erythropoietin (EPO) drugs to boost endurance.

Veterinarian Gary Smith said, “It's a problem all over the industry. There is no way horses should be put on (synthetic) EPO.” So how do racers win? How are some trainers gaining a competitive edge? The answer may be found in a safe all-natural horse supplement that supports natural EPO function.

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With EPO doping, trainers try to boost the EPO effect to get a winning performance every time.

They use a synthetic EPO (recombinant human EPO), even though the side effects can harm the horse. That’s one reason why it’s illegal.

Fortunately there’s another option. EPOEquine is a safe, highly effective natural dietary supplement scientifically engineered for performance horses.

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A Kentucky trainer who refused to give out his name, said, “I don’t want my competition to know about this.” He found EPO-Equine to be so effective that he’s dead set against disclosing who he is, who his horses are, or even where he trains and races.

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Bioengineers at U.S. based Biomedical Research Laboratories (BRL), first discovered a completely natural EPO-booster for human athletes (and it’s working miracles for top athletes and amateurs around the world). Seeing these results, horse trainers contacted BRL and asked about using this natural formula for their animals.

That’s when the BRL team dug deeper and discovered a proprietary, horse-friendly strain of a common herb that promotes optimal blood-building results. EPO-Equine is based on the blood-boosting abilities of a certain strain of Echinacea that’s astounding researchers and trainers alike. (It’s not a strain you can find at the local health store.)

Veterinarians at the Equine Research Centre in Ontario, Canada ran a double-blind trial investigating the blood building properties of the active ingredient in EPO-Equine in healthy horses. For 42 days, one group of horses was supplemented with the active ingredient in EPO-Equine and another group of horses was given a placebo.

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| CONTENTS |

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CONTENTS F E AT U R E S

R EGUL A R S

08 John Alexander Ortiz – profile

Ken Snyder finds out about a simple change which Ortiz made to his barn management practices in 2021 which contributed to a huge increase in stable earnings last year.

50 The Hirsch family legacy

Bo Hirsch has always relished horse racing, but winning last year’s Breeders’ Cup Filly & Mare Sprint (Gr. 1) with his homebred, Ce Ce, was “icing on the cake,” as Annie Lambert discovers.

18 Diversification of the sire lines

58 Graded Stakes winning owners

28 Bolstering incentives

66 Equine wobbler syndrome

Nancy Sexton asks if the sire lines on offer to North American breeders really diversified that much over the last fifty years?

What are the state incentives on offer this year for breeders? Annie Lambert looks at the details behind some of the different programs.

44 Antimicrobial resistance

Jennifer Davis investigates the development of antimicrobial resistance, how it affects performance health and how to reduce the risks of resistance.

@ t ra i n e r _ m a g

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Featuring Frank Di Giulio Jr. (Pink Lloyd), Calvin Nguyen (Bob and Jackie) and Frank Fletcher Jr. (Lady Rocket).

Alan Balch – Those pesky rules...

79 #Soundbites

Bill Heller asked trainers, “What would you do if you weren’t training Thoroughbreds?”

This syndrome is the most common cause of neurological disease in horses and affects many breeds. A recent pilot study at Colorado State University used a new technique with advanced surgical implants as an alternative to current techniques for cervical fusion in horses.

70 Ocala

Bill Heller reports from the “Horse Capital of the World,” where preserving the past while developing for the future is a tricky proposition.

/ t ra i n e r m a g a z i n e

TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM ISSUE 63

06 View from the CTT

/ t ra i n e r m a g a z i n e

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| CALIFORNIA THOROUGHBRED TRAINERS |

ALAN F. BALCH

THOSE PESKY RULES...

I

n California, throughout the United States, and worldwide, if there’s one gigantic bone of contention we can all see, it’s the starkly divided attitudes of populations toward the need for rules.

An anti-regulatory fever seems to be reaching everywhere, often couched in terms of a grand contest between freedom and tyranny. Within racing’s microscopic corner of the governmental universe, we sense it every day. After all, racing is probably the world’s most regulated sport. Over a century of experience with its glory and equally alluring temptations taught governments what was needed to ensure its integrity in the public interest.

And perhaps to save it from itself.

There’s another reason, of course. And that’s always been our reliance on the noblest of animals, whose welfare must always be our paramount concern. We can’t just mouth those words. We have to live them. And be entirely intolerant of any in our midst who don’t.

That intolerance of unacceptable behavior requires robust rules. Sadly, human and racing history teach that the worst angels of our nature tend to thrive in a vacuum of rational regulation, or if its enforcement is ineffective.

It is in this context that California Thoroughbred Trainers is leading a task force of all the interdependent organizational and other stakeholders in our state’s racing to determine what additional steps, beyond those already enforced over the last three years, might be taken to protect the welfare of our horses still further. Over the last decade, and nationwide, all objective statistical evidence points to impressive progress in making our sport safer and safer for its essential athletes, human and equine.

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This effort is important, I believe, but not because of those who loudly oppose the very existence of racing. The most vocal and extreme of those factions cannot ever be satisfied with any enhancement of our welfare practices; they believe fundamentally that an animal is required to provide its “informed consent” in order to participate in any activity. Such activities include sport, of course, but also confinement in any way, or control by humans. Therefore, for them, no pets, nor zoos, nor conservation, nor breeding, nor human consumption of animals, obviously.

No, our effort is important because we ourselves should be the professionals who elevate standards of horsemanship and care, in our own self-interest and that of our equine partners. It is difficult for me to conceive of a logical rule proposed to enhance equine welfare that wouldn’t be welcomed by the best horsemen among us, however much the reason or need for it might be lamented.

In my comments to the California Horse Racing Board in January, I called attention to two specific areas of particular concern, to begin with, in our statistical safety figures: incidents of unexplained sudden death in racehorses and shoulder fractures.

The first is a particular problem for humans as well as equines; and answers will only come from sustained, expensive, targeted research, some of which is already underway via the Grayson-Jockey Club Foundation.

That foundation, and others like it, have for decades proved racing’s commitment to improving equine welfare, doing by far the most important work in the world for horses in every activity, not just racing.

The risk of shoulder fractures among horses returning from layoffs needs to be dramatically reduced or even eliminated by improved horsemanship. Serious

continuing education as to best practices is the key here, since equine respiration and musculature fitness improve more rapidly following a layoff than does bone strength.

Owners and trainers may therefore be led to believe that increasing training stress is indicated before it should be.

A suggestion I made about potentially compulsory education for trainers on this matter brought me the accusation that I was “anti-trainer.” Far from it.

The opposite, in fact.

Nobody except a trainer has a greater appreciation for and respect of what horse trainers do than I. So, who better to elevate the professional standards of trainers than trainers themselves? That is precisely why we as an organization accepted the responsibility of leading the California task force, when the suggestion was made that a rule should be advanced to penalize trainers for catastrophic breakdowns. Instead, let’s consider every conceivable idea, from any source, that could lead to continuing improvement in our welfare practices.

When arguments about the tyranny of regulation and freedom swirl around me, whether in racing, or about public health or anything else, I just stop to think. Public order—even productive public debate— depends on a common understanding of the rules. And a consensus definition of the common good.

What would happen to public safety (what is happening to public safety) if speed limits were removed (or are not enforced), if traffic lights disappeared, or driver’s licenses weren’t required? And what would happen to air and train travelers and homeowners if rigorous regulation for transportation and housing safety weren’t in place?

The need for robust regulation of racing has been demonstrated time and time again ... despite the fact that so few trainers are ever accused of serious rule violations. That alone is a sufficient reason that trainers themselves should study and recommend rules and practices for improving the sport’s safety.

We and all of racing’s other stakeholders continue to welcome serious suggestions from any quarter.

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PROFILE

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Ken Snyder

Laura Palazzolo / Bluegrass Equine Photography

JOHN ALEXANDER ORTIZ

J

ohn Alexander Ortiz has two favorite memories from his first Oaklawn Park meet in 2017: listening to Frank Sinatra’s signature song, “My Way,” on the eight-hour drive back to Lexington from Hot Springs, Arkansas after the meet and getting some advice that he has never forgotten.

“Steve Asmussen and I were in a race together. He ran third and I ran fourth; and (as) we were walking back to check our horses after the race, we happened to walk side by side. Steve and I didn’t really know each other that well at the time, but I like to talk a lot, so I asked him, ‘What advice would you give a young trainer?’ He looked at me and said, ‘Stick to your guns. Nobody knows your horses better than you do. Don’t let anybody else tell you where to run them. Don’t change your system. Be who you are.’”

Ortiz may have also interspersed “My Way” with whistling a happy tune on the way home.

He saddled eight winners in 46 starts at Oaklawn, for a 17%-win percentage. That’s very respectable for a trainer in only his first full year on the racetrack. He went on to earn $688,013 for the year—an enviable figure for any new trainer.

“His way” and the advice he got at Oaklawn also produced impressive results this past year: $2,614,398 compared to $1,094,092 in 2020. Surpassing even that accomplishment, perhaps, is an innovation in barn management that may have other trainers shaking their head in amazement, others pretending they didn’t hear about it, and still more near Ortiz’s barn keeping a close watch on their own barn help.

“I quit paying the help by the number of horses that grooms were taking care of. Instead, I gave everybody a yearly salary. If you’re doing six horses, or seven or eight, or four horses, you’re going to get a yearly salary—the same paycheck,” he said.

The salaried system solved a chronic short-term problem of finding barn help and the long-term problem—equally, if not more importantly—of keeping barn help.

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PROFILE

The closure of Churchill Downs this past summer for the new turf track installation was the time for Ortiz to launch his system. He is based in Lexington and had stabled during summers at Churchill Downs. Barn help didn’t want to travel to Colonial Downs in Virginia where Ortiz and many other trainers had to locate. “We went there with 27 horses and only two grooms. We didn’t have any hotwalkers,” he said. Aside from the horses, the barn was Ortiz, three exercise riders, an assistant trainer, a foreman and the two grooms.

With all-hands-on-deck required, the traditional pay structure of pay-per-head went out the proverbial window followed by job descriptions.

Ortiz described the new system as “a test run that was scary.

“Nobody was assigned a specific horse. My brother (Daniel, Ortiz’s assistant trainer) and the grooms would walk down the line and muck stalls together. Daniel and the exercise riders would walk hots, help catch horses and fill the water buckets.

“When everybody was secure in knowing they were going to get paid a certain amount, they were happy to do whatever it took to get the job done.”

The system continued for a variety of reasons, primarily among them that it worked. The barn workers loved it. It also solved issues and problems that have always existed in racetrack barns.

“Normally, a groom gets a job taking care of five, six, seven horses; and they get paid by the head. Usually, it’s about $110, $120 per head per week. I realized that there was a lot of juggling keeping track of it—how many horses this guy did, how many horses that guy did—and you can get a little bit of jealousy: ‘Why is that guy grooming four horses, and he’s grooming seven?’” said Ortiz.

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John and Daniel Ortiz.

| JOHN ALEXANDER ORTIZ | The same check for grooms eliminates all that,” he said. Likewise, all hotwalkers, exercise riders, foremen and assistant trainers are paid the same.

Salaries also minimize one hiring obstacle: Ortiz has had to turn away people who have told him, “If I can’t groom seven horses, I can’t work for you.”

Post-Colonial Downs, and with a full complement of help, the system and benefits from it continued. “With a salary, they’re willing to help me do extra things they normally haven’t had time for or don’t want to do because ‘it’s not my job.’

Those words don’t exist in my barn,” said Ortiz.

He freely admits he is “over-paying” barn help.

“I’ve had grooms make up to $1,200 a week in pay.

If they want to do laundry, I’ll tack on $200, do night watch: $200, walk a horse over and back for a race: $40.

Workers traveling with Ortiz from meet to meet can make the following annually: exercise riders: $40,000 to $42,000; grooms and foremen: $34,000 to $36,000; and hotwalkers: $24,000 to $26,000.

“Not only do they have a good yearly salary, but at the end of the year, I gave everybody a bonus. I know how hard everybody worked last year. I know how hard they worked for me.”

The key question—Are you getting it back in win totals and earnings?–prompts an instant answer from Ortiz: “One-hundred percent, yes.”

The exact number, of course, is incalculable.

“I want to believe we’re having a lot more success because everybody in my barn is a happy worker. Everybody wants to see us

succeed. They support me because I support them. I think that’s where I get the biggest return.”

“Success” in 2021 is understating it. The increase from 2020 was just short of a whopping 139 percent—more than enough to take on higher barn pay.

If any other trainer has paid salaries rather than weekly, by-thehead wages, the affable Ortiz hasn’t heard of it. “It makes more sense to me to have reliable help than a bunch of people randomly here, coming in to get a paycheck. When everybody is secure financially, people seem to concentrate on what they’re doing.

LEFT: John Ortiz and Sandra Washington, barn foreman.

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| JOHN ALEXANDER ORTIZ |

PROFILE LEFT: Jose Salgado

The change in how he paid help also comes from experience.

Since being on the racetrack, Ortiz (not related to jockeys José and Irad Ortiz, as he is often asked) has worked every job in the barn including exercise rider. He knows well the ups and downs of financial fortune and constant worry about finances. “Hardworking people—the ones that really put their blood, sweat and tears into this—deserve to be secure financially. They have families.” Losing horses from the barn through a claim, for example, and the pay that goes with it, he added, is the “one thing that scares the help on the ground.”

Ortiz is the son of former jockey Carlos Ortiz, who rode in Colombia before moving with his family to the U.S. to ride here.

Embarking on a career in 1988, Ortiz rode at New York and midAtlantic tracks. A spill that broke his femur ended his jockey career but led to exercise riding for Bill Mott for 15 years. Working for Mott brought his son John into contact with the legendary trainer.

BELOW: Peter Taaffe, John Ortiz and Lindsey Reynolds clocking workers.

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BELOW: David Vincente

As a small boy, he would accompany his father to the racetrack.

“I was introduced to racehorses through Bill’s barn,” Ortiz recalled.

“One summer at my dad’s birthday barbecue with trainers, jockeys, agents, etc., we were sharing horse stories, and Bill Mott looked at me across a table and asked, ‘What are you doing this summer? Why don’t you come and work for me?’”

Ortiz was 15 years old and walked hots for Mott that summer as well as on weekends. He said he fell in love with racetrack barns that summer, but with “an itch to ride horses like my dad. Bill got me on my first racehorse.”

He also wanted to know everything about barn operations—the foundation for his career as a trainer. Even though he did not groom horses, he talked to those who did to learn everything he could about it. “I was always interested in becoming a trainer.

Even if I was a jockey, I knew it wouldn’t be long term because of my weight.”

As a kind of “plan B” to a jockey career, Ortiz spent a year at a trade school learning to be an auto mechanic. Jobs, however, were scarce after his training.

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PROFILE

| JOHN ALEXANDER ORTIZ |

Stable puppy Maui.

I’VE WORKED FOR SOME REALLY GREAT TRAINERS–BILL MOTT AND GRAHAM MOTION –BUT WORKING FOR KELLYN [GORDER] WAS THE BEST EXPERIENCE IN MY LIFETIME.” “My family moved to Ocala in Florida. I stayed back, and I couldn’t find a job as a mechanic. My dad said, ‘I left the helmet. I left some boots and the vest. Put ‘em on and go freelance. If you want to stay in New York, find your way.’”

“I breezed my first horse for Dominic Galluscio. He taught me how to breeze and gave me an opportunity.”

When Mott returned to New York from a winter in Florida in 2006, Ortiz went to work for him as a foreman and exercise rider. “I loved working for him. I learned horsemanship, which is rare nowadays,” he said.

As important as Mott was to him, his former assistant trainer, Leana Willaford, was the most important influence. “Being under Leana, I learned all the tricks of the trade. I still use techniques and knowledge she gave me, and I’m forever grateful for that.”

In 2008, Ortiz went to work for Graham Motion at Palm Meadows in Florida and Fair Hills in Maryland and got his assistant’s license under the British trainer. From Motion, he said “I learned organization… what it takes to run a barn.

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“Everybody had a task, and it was all charted. How he ran his barn was like a business. Everything I do is on the computer, on a chart.”

After a year-and-a-half with Motion, Ortiz went to work as an assistant for Kellyn Gorder. “I’ve worked for some really great trainers—Bill Mott and Graham Motion—but working for Kellyn was the best experience in my lifetime.

“I got to experience a new side of horses: the yearlings, the two-year-olds, and working for farms like WinStar, Dixiana and Three Chimneys.

“I was able to see horses coming off rehab and how to develop the babies. That was one of the key elements that I learned from Kellyn.”

The best thing he ever learned from Gorder, however, may have been something intangible that he carried into his own stable and that may have been a contributor to a switch to paying salaries to barn help. “We would disagree on stuff, but he told me one day, if we didn’t disagree, we weren’t working together. His ideas became my ideas and my ideas became his; and again, that’s where I developed a mentality that this is a team effort.

“It’s not about my name on a big board across my barn.” He means that literally.

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FOR RESERVATI O N S AN D PREMI U M S E ATS, VISIT GULFSTREA MPA RK .C OM OR 954.4 57.6 2 01

R A C I N G

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// G U L F S T R E A M PA R K .C O M

D I N I N G

PROFILE

ABOVE: Kentucky team and Mucho.

ABOVE: Kentucky Derby-aimed Barber Road was purchased for just $15,000.

ABOVE: The two lines of Ortiz’s logo represents both him and his staff working in parallel with each other side by side.

“My logo isn’t letters of my name; it’s two lines, two slashes. My hotwalkers, my grooms, my riders, my foreman Sandra Washington, assistant trainers Lindsey Reynolds, Felipe Nichols, and Daniel Ortiz—we all work here in parallel with each other. We don’t cross each other. I’m one of the green stripes, they’re the other, and we’re always side by side.”

Five years after the advice from Steve Asmussen, Ortiz refers to it often. “In 2021, there was a little dry spell in the summertime. I’m walking with my head down kicking rocks and thinking, ‘What am I doing wrong? I gotta change the feed program? We gotta’ do something.’ And then that’s when Steve’s advice popped up in my head: ‘Don’t change anything; stick to your guns.’

“I stuck to what we were doing. It wasn’t that we were having a slow summer. We were having a successful summer, hitting the board in $100,000 races. We weren’t winning that much, but we were in the right races.”

Asmussen’s counsel came to mind again more recently. Mucho, who came to Ortiz’s barn in 2021, had never won at a distance over six furlongs and had never raced longer than seven. “I put him in a mile race (the Fifth Season Stakes at Oaklawn on January 15 of this year),

and I had a lot of people ask me why I’m stretching him out.

‘You shouldn’t do that; he’s a sprinter.’ No, I’m sticking with my guns. ‘He’s going to go two turns.’ The horse got beat by a neck. I knew my horse. That’s where I was reminded of what Steve told me.”

Mucho, by the way, earned $335,090 in 2021 in 10 starts for Ortiz after earning $350,829 in three years over 19 starts.”

The right races, indeed.

The goals? “This year at Oaklawn is to always win a couple more than the year before. We won 15 last year. This year, we’re looking at 20.

“We’re also going to focus on the Breeders’ Cup. That’s the main goal.”

Right now, Ortiz also has a horse on the Derby trail—Barber Road—who at time of writing, has now finished second in three straight stakes races, including an impressive late running performance in the Gr. 3 Southwest Stakes at Oaklawn Park in late January. “Pretty good for a $15,000 weanling,” said Ortiz.

Could Ortiz be singing “My Way” again after this year’s Kentucky Derby or Breeders’ Cup? We shall see.

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Nancy Sexton

| BREEDING |

D I V E R S I F I C AT I O N OF THE

SIRE LINES Have the sire lines on offer to North American breeders really diversi*ed that much over the last *fty years? rom the time the breeding of racehorses became a more commercial pursuit, bloodlines have ebbed and flowed freely across differing racing jurisdictions. The export of various high-profile horses out of Britain to North America during the first half of the 20th century added weight to the development of the American Thoroughbred, giving it a foundation from which to flourish.

And when more American-breds came to be imported back into Europe, the British and Irish Thoroughbreds benefitted as well.

All the while, it stands to reason that some sire lines will strengthen and some will die out. Some of those that lose their vigor in one nation might thrive in another. Others will merely be overwhelmed by a more dominant line, as was the case with game-changer Northern Dancer.

A glance at the leading North American sires’ list from 1972 reveals quite how much the Thoroughbred has changed in 50 years. Round Table, Claiborne Farm’s brilliant son of Princequillo, sat at the top with approximately $2 million in earnings ahead of Hamburg Place’s T V Lark, a son of the Nasrullah stallion Indian Hemp. Princequillo and Nasrullah, both of whom stood under Claiborne management, were dominant influences of their day but interestingly each of the top five stallions that year—Herbager, Beau Gar and Count Fleet completed the quintet—represented different sire lines.

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Is today’s Thoroughbred a melting pot of fewer viable lines? The 2021 North American champion sires’ table would suggest that might be the case—its top ten containing four male line descendants of Northern Dancer (Into Mischief, Ghostzapper, Paynter and Hard Spun) and four belonging to Mr. Prospector (Curlin, Speightstown, Munnings and Twirling Candy).

Of course, given how each surviving branch of Northern Dancer and Mr. Prospector has evolved over time erodes the importance of comparing different representatives; Into Mischief, as a greatgrandson of Storm Cat via Harlan’s Holiday, is a very different beast to Awesome Again’s son Ghostzapper as is Curlin to Speightstown and his son Munnings.

Conspicuous by its absence, though, is representation from the once vibrant Hail To Reason line, its most high-profile representative being the veteran More Than Ready in 26th place.

Caro’s line is prominent via the deeds of top ten stallion Uncle Mo, although whether that horse can be classed as a typical representative of that line is a moot point. The In Reality sire line, which traces back to Man O’War, remains relevant primarily through Tiznow. However, it doesn’t take too much imagination to envisage it petering out in the near future, much like that belonging to Princequillo, Ribot, Buckpasser and Bull Lea before it.

In Europe, the situation is much the same, dominated by Northern Dancer influences descending from Sadler’s Wells, in particular Galileo, and Danzig, who is at his strongest via Danehill and Green Desert. The outlier at the top end of the market is Mr. Prospector’s great-grandson Dubawi.

Sadly, those lines descending from the likes of Mill Reef, the last British-based champion sire prior to Frankel, Blushing Groom and Sharpen Up today hang by a thread. Others, such as Dante and Habitat, have more or less died out across Europe.

“It has definitely changed,” says Fiona Craig, advisor to the Irishbased Moyglare Stud Farm. “Success breeds success, so to some degree the situation is maybe better because of the dominance of the more successful bloodlines. However, as a result, we may well all lose some of the genetic variation that is so vital for the vigor of a bloodline. It is difficult to fully evaluate at this point as it may take another 50 years to see the effect of the current concentration of bloodlines.”

© CAROLINE NORRIS

| BREEDING |

ABOVE: Fiona Craig (right) with Moyglare Stud’s Eva-Maria Bucher-Haefner.

WE MAY WELL ALL LOSE SOME OF THE GENETIC VARIATION THAT IS SO VITAL FOR THE VIGOR OF A BLOODLINE.” FIONA CRAIG

© EQUISPORT PHOTOS

Adena Spings stallion Ghostzapper is one of four male line descendants of Northern Dancer that feature in the top ten of the 2021 North American champion sires’ table.

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© KEENELAND LIBRARY MORGAN COLLECTION

| SIRE LINES |

© ANNE M. EBERHARDT

ABOVE: Hyperion, Tommy Weston up and Lord Derby, Newmarket.

Duncan Taylor of Taylor Made Sales goes far back into the 20th century, pointing to the success of the Phalaris sire line, and its subsequent concentration, as a catalyst for the current situation.

“From 1956, the leading sire by earnings for each year since tells the story of the Thoroughbred breed and its evolution,” he says.

“Speed has been the centerpiece of the story. During this 65-year period, the leading sire list has been topped on only eight occasions by stallions from sire lines other than the Phalaris paternal line. Princequillo (1957 and 1958), Ambiorix (1961), Round Table (1972), Dr. Fager (1977), Nodouble (1980), His Majesty (1982) and Broad Brush (1994) are those eight sires.

“Every other time it has been led by a Phalaris line stallion— Northern Dancer, Mr. Prospector, Bold Ruler and Hail To Reason.

If you look back at the leading sires list by earnings for 2021, you see that all bar one of the top 50 stallions traces back to Phalaris: 19 of the 50 trace through Mr. Prospector, 16 through Northern Dancer, 11 through Bold Ruler, two through Hail To Reason and one through Caro. Only the In Reality line, represented through Tiznow (in 45th), does not trace back to Phalaris.”

Taylor adds: “Phalaris was a modest racehorse at stamina distance. As a four-year-old, his trainer (George Lambton) turned to sprint races where he won seven of nine starts and was ultimately crowned England’s Champion Sprinter. As a five-yearold, he became known for his ability to carry more weight than his competitors, doing so with brilliant speed. He went on to become a leading sire of two-year-olds in 1925, 1926 and 1927. He was Champion sire in England in 1925 and 1928.

“What I see in Phalaris and what I have learned about the customers that create the “bullseye market” for buying a yearling in America are very similar. Our horse-buying customers want early two-year-old performers with speed, and they like it when the horse can go on and race at three. They would love for that fast two-yearold to be able to go on and win up to a mile-and-a-quarter at three.

Phalaris and his offspring have delivered the speed necessary to put most of the other sire lines out of business. You will still see these other sire lines in pedigrees, but not as the paternal sire line.”

Duncan Taylor

• Globalization Whatever way you look at it, globalization of the business has also been a driving force. On the one hand, it has allowed international breeders access to different bloodlines. On the other hand, it has been a major factor in the commercialism of the industry; once breeding racehorses became big business, fashion gained a new importance.

“The pendulum swings back and forth,” says Dermot Carty, director of sales at Adena Springs in Canada. “For example, one of the biggest influences during the 1930s and 40s was Hyperion.

His son Khaled came to America and with success; another son Star Kingdom was successful in Australia; and then Aristophanes stood in South America where he sired Forli, who then came back to stand in Kentucky.

“With the international economics of the 1940s, 50s, 60s, there was a huge movement of horses, mostly back into North America.

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| BREEDING |

LOOK AT WHAT JOHN GAINES DID AT GAINESWAY, LESLIE COMBS AT SPENDTHRIFT AND BEFORE THAT BULL HANCOCK AT CLAIBORNE. THEY TAPPED INTO THE BRITISH STUD BOOK AND REAPED THE REWARDS —AND THAT WAS A LONG TIME AGO.” HEADLEY BELL

Then it went the other way—the Sangster group and the Maktoum family were driving forces into sending those bloodlines back to Europe. And all the while, Japan has been importing a lot of bloodlines and with great success—that was obviously how they came to have Sunday Silence.”

Headley Bell of Mill Ridge Farm in Kentucky concurs.

“My grandfather (Hal Price Headley) imported Order out of England and from him bred (champion) Ornament,” he says.

“Then he bought Pharamond from Lord Derby and imported him to stand in Kentucky, where he sired champion Menow (sire of champion Tom Fool, in turn the sire of Buckpasser).

“We go through these different phases, and we get these cycles.

You look at what John Gaines did at Gainesway, Leslie Combs at Spendthrift and before that Bull Hancock at Claiborne. They tapped into the British Stud Book and reaped the rewards—and that was a long time ago.”

Such cycles have underpinned the development of the breed, initially allowing for more variety. When Never Say Die won

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© MICHELE MACDONALD/FULL STRIDE COMMUNICATIONS

Headley Bell of Mill Ridge Farm, Kentucky.

the 1954 Epsom Derby under Lester Piggott, he became the first American-bred winner of the race since Iroquois in 1881.

Columnist Frank Jennings, writing at the time in the Thoroughbred Record, noted that: “Never Say Die did a great deal toward changing this thought (that an American-bred would not be able to win the Epsom Derby) and at the same time provided a fine example of the fact that American bloodlines, when properly blended with those of foreign lands, can hold their own in the top company of the world.”

Just over 40 years later, the race boasted a further 11 Americanbred winners as well another, Nijinsky, who had been bred in Canada.

“Properly blended” is a key phrase in Jennings’ text, with the industry’s global nature allowing for differing lines to blend in elsewhere to the point that it’s not uncommon nowadays for a horse’s background to host European, North American, Japanese and/or Australian-bred names.

“It is important not to underestimate just how much the mare population matters to a stallion,” says Bell, “and how he might blend. We stood Diesis at Mill Ridge Farm—he was a champion two-year-old in Britain by Sharpen Up; and when he came here, he was provided with those American speed mares. And it clicked; it worked for him.”

As Carty notes, Adena Springs’ stalwart Silent Name is another fine advertisement for a Thoroughbred melting pot. One of the first sons of Japanese supersire Sunday Silence to stand outside Japan, the Gr. 2 winner is a proven Gr. 1 stallion and sits perennially among the leading Canadian sires.

“Silent Name was bred in Japan by the Wertheimer brothers from an European pedigree that had heavy doses of North American influences,” he says. “He’s out of a mare by Danehill, and his second dam is by Blushing Groom. You’ve got Raja Baba, a son of Bold Ruler, in there, too. So it’s a really international pedigree.

“To build this kind of family requires the ability to think long term, and it’s a long process. Credit to the Wertheimer brothers as they had the vision and sight to send mares to Japan and tap into these different bloodlines. Credit to the Wildenstein family and Maria Niarchos for doing the same as well.”

O

ario Sire t n

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•

•

“Don’t give up the horse!” is Andrew Mollica’s advice for trainers dealing with unpaid bills.

O

nt

ario Bre

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Are we closing in on a situation where the breed might be contracting too much?

“Any answer will be determined on what you are trying to breed,” says Craig. “A sound racehorse with a turn of foot or successful sales horse? Do you prefer to out-cross bloodlines, or are you happy to concentrate on currently successful bloodlines to meet market fashion and sell well?

“For me, primarily trying to breed racehorses, I find it increasingly restrictive simply because so many of the broodmares are by or out of the current stallions. That is an increasing problem, and I see the same in yearlings at sales.

“We can make statistics to say anything, but what they do show is that speed is essential for a racehorse. But class speed.

Sadly we are now in a world where cheap speed sells, and class stamina is overlooked or not wanted at the sales.”

The power of the commercial market is certainly a factor.

As Bell notes, most breeders are in the position of having “to play the commercial card.”

“The reduction of the foal crop is also something that’s at play here,” he says. “When you’re going down from 35,000 foals to 19,000, you’re going to get limitations. So we’re playing with the cards that we’re dealt.”

Away from commercial dictations, the shift can also be attributed to the overwhelming influence of Northern Dancer, a great-great-grandson of Phalaris.

Bred by E.P. Taylor, it is part of racing folklore how the late May-foaled Northern Dancer was shunned by buyers on account of his size as a yearling yet went on to win the Kentucky Derby in record time several weeks short of his actual third birthday.

Northern Dancer was sired by a horse, Nearctic, whose female family had been imported by Taylor out of Britain in the early 1950s. At stud, he wasted little time in transcending the gap between North America and Europe, with the deeds of his second-crop son, 1970 Triple Crown winner Nijinsky, prompting a heightened interest in the stallion that was subsequently justified through the likes of Sadler’s Wells, El Gran Senor, The Minstrel, Secreto, Lyphard and Nureyev.

Today, the breed is awash with Northern Dancer, particularly in Europe.

“You look at the role that Northern Dancer played,” says Bell. “He’s by far the most significant. And we’re now seeing Northern Dancer on Northern Dancer work. Delving further in, Danzig on Danzig is more prevalent and can work.

Sadler’s Wells on Sadler’s Wells can also work, as we saw with Enable (who was inbred 3x2 to the stallion).”

The idea of major breeders experimenting by doubling up on bloodlines is nothing new.

Ultimus, an unraced but successful sire bred in 1906 by James Keene, was inbred 2x2 to Domino. In Europe, the breeding empire belonging to Marcel Boussac rested primarily upon the influences of his stallions Asterus, Teddy, Pharis and Tourbillon. Indeed, his 1949 Arc heroine Coronation was inbred 2x2 to Tourbillon.

More recently in Australasia, Danehill has become so powerful that in some cases it is hard to get away from his influence. To date, there are no fewer than 15,400 foals inbred to Danehill worldwide—310 of whom are stakes winners.

While the list contains various Australian heavyweights such as Verry Elleegant, Farnan, Alizee and Bivouac, it is also interesting to note the number of Australasian farms who market their stallions as being free of Danehill blood when the opportunities arise.

DAVE LANDRY

• Contraction

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ISSUE 63 TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM

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Yet while history tells us that some people will never hold back from multiplying on lines, surely the concentration of today’s sirelines poses some quandaries for breeders.

While Round Table was the North American champion sire of 1972, his place was taken 10 years later by His Majesty, a son of Ribot. By 1992, Northern Dancer was changing the landscape; Danzig was champion in America while in Europe, Sadler’s Wells was in the midst of a championship run that would come to consist of a record 14 sires’ titles. Sadler’s Wells’ own son El Prado broke through with his own American sires’ championship in 2002, and remains a firm influence today via Kitten’s Joy and Medaglia d’Oro. At the same time, the faster and more precocious Storm Cat, a grandson of Northern Dancer via Storm Bird, was gaining traction on both sides of the Atlantic that would come to be reflected in the successes of Into Mischief, Giant’s Causeway and Scat Daddy— all of whom remain extremely powerful and commercial forces in 2022.

Meanwhile, the Mr. Prospector sire line flourished, whether it be through the likes of Gone West (sire of Elusive Quality, Zafonic, Speightstown and Mr. Greeley), Forty Niner (sire of Distorted Humor and End Sweep), Smart Strike (sire of Curlin) or Fappiano, who has become an increasingly powerful force via Unbridled and Candy Ride.

The Seattle Slew line has consolidated its place as one of America’s best, notably through A.P. Indy and his son Pulpit, who has been so ably represented in recent years by Tapit.

However, all this has come at the expense of other sire lines.

Granted, not all of them possessed the vigor to remain relevant.

But others were popular and successful options of their time and merely fell foul of commercial desires.

For instance, would Sunday Silence have been so successful had he stood in Kentucky? As it was, Arthur Hancock of Stone Farm attempted to stand his Kentucky Derby winner but support for the horse—one who had been unsold at $17,000 as a yearling and

| SIRE LINES |

Fappiano, Angel Cordero up, Morven Stakes, Meadowlands, 1979.

© JIM RAFTERY / TURFOTOS

| BREEDING |

in possession of a light female pedigree—was underwhelming; and he was sold to Japan, where he became an incredible success.

While his blood today saturates the breed in Japan, Kentucky options belonging to his sire Halo are limited.

Other causes include a combination of geography, value and circumstances, says Craig.

© KEENELAND LIBRARY MORGAN COLLECTION

Ribot at Darby Dan Farm, 1960.

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| BREEDING |

© JIM RAFTERY / TURFOTOS

Halo, J. Velazquez up, United Nations Handicap, 1974.

“Horses were at one time mainly bred to be raced by their breeders,” she says. “The public sales market was to dispose of those that were not wanted. Mares also often visited stallions that were local and then with time and travel, they went further afield; and a center such as Newmarket began to develop for breeding as much as racing.

“Walter Haefner (Moyglare Stud Farm founder) was one of the first breeders to ship mares by air to Kentucky. He was very wealthy and loved U.S. racing. He sent two mares from Ireland in 1968, primarily to breed to Sea Bird and Ribot. Irish Lass produced Irish Bird, the dam of Assert and Bikala, to Sea Bird. Another mare, White Paper, produced Gp. 1 winner Carwhite to Caro.”

Craig touches upon the wealth of European runners available in America at that time, with Nureyev, Lyphard, Riverman, Irish River, Blushing Groom, The Minstrel, El Gran Senor, Storm Bird, Sir Ivor and Vaguely Noble, among those to leave a lasting impact alongside Sea Bird, Ribot and Caro.

“Many of the top European stallion prospects were abruptly sent to the U.S. in the 1970s due to fear of equine abortion (prompted by the contagious equine metritis [CEM] outbreak in 1977),” she says.

“Comparing stud fees and yearling values in the 1950s and 60s to those at the end of the 1970s and onward shows a vast change, maybe originating in the U.S. as a result of CEM and the flight of leading stallions from Europe, [which] then migrated quickly back to Europe.

“I will always remember attending a Matchmaker seasons and shares auction in the old Radisson in downtown Kentucky in the late 1980s and watching a Northern Dancer season make $1 million. Big business arrived into breeding and as a result into sales, and as we all know, much of this current industry is dictated by fashion. Traditional owner/breeders continued but increasingly found the associated stud fee and broodmare costs limiting.

“Commercial breeders are guided by fashion, and so stallions have to fit the commercial parameters in order to get enough mares; and currently early success and speed are everything.

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COMMERCIAL BREEDERS ARE GUIDED

BY FASHION, AND SO STALLIONS HAVE TO FIT THE COMMERCIAL PARAMETERS IN ORDER TO GET ENOUGH MARES; AND CURRENTLY EARLY SUCCESS AND SPEED ARE EVERYTHING.” FIONA CRAIG

Proven, fast, good looking and recognizable—that doesn’t leave many spots for the tough old stallions doing it the hard way.

Would Persian Bold have made a stallion now? Would Broad Brush? Both were more than able to get a higher percentage of top performers than the speedy two-year-old performer that gets three times the number of mares.

“And with increased commerciality and ‘fashion’ came numbers.

Fashion and commercial aspects meant that everyone [wanted] to breed their mares to the same sire or sire line, and others were ignored.”

| SIRE LINES |

She adds: “Yes, we need the class stamina lines of Roberto, we need Halo, we need Princequillo and Ribot. But they are not flashy or speedy, and sadly not fashionable. Hence the demand is poor, and so those sire lines fade into history.”

Craig laments the contraction of the Grey Sovereign line: “There was a brilliance to those, also temperament, but they worked on all surfaces and in different countries.” Similarly, she is disappointed to witness the contraction of that belonging to Never Bend, a “line of class and brilliance” that supplied Mill Reef and Riverman.

For Headley Bell, use of the Roberto sire line has yielded great rewards.

“Hail To Reason and his son Roberto is such a powerful line,” he says. “I’ve played Roberto and I used Dynaformer a lot with success—our client Lael Stable bred (Kentucky Derby winner) Barbaro by him. I played Halo, more recently through his grandson Hat Trick, the sire of Win Win Win (a Gr. 1-winning homebred for Live Oak Plantation).

“I was also a big Stop The Music player back in the day, although he was different to most Hail To Reasons; he was typey with more speed.”

Of course, the subject of bloodlines isn’t as cut and dry as favoring one sire line over the next. Each stallion represents a blend of influences and as such, opportunities are there to be tapped into.

“Ribot and Roberto remain influential,” says Bell. “In Reality, Relaunch, Fappiano—they are all common threads as well. The Rough N’ Tumble line has been hugely influential—we see him today playing an important role through his son Dr. Fager, the damsire of Fappiano. And that pays tribute to John Nerud and those Tartan Farm families. They bred all those good horses: In

Reality, Dr. Fager, Unbridled, Quiet American; and they remain relevant today.”

Independently, Craig was also quick to pay tribute to the impact left by Nerud.

“Tapit is the Bold Ruler - Seattle Slew line, but maybe his real success is due to those tough old Tartan Farm bloodlines,” she says, alluding to the fact that Tapit’s dam, Tap Your Heels, is a daughter of Unbridled (bred on the Fappiano - Dr. Fager cross) and also inbred twice to In Reality.

There is an argument to think that the health of the Thoroughbred is not going to benefit from the current situation.

Sure, North America is home to an array of accomplished sires, but at the same time, the variety of several decades ago—an era when some would argue that the breed was sounder and more durable—is lacking.

While Northern Dancer and Mr. Prospector cast a shadow over the top echelons of the 2021 champion sires’ list, there is also a similarity to the next big names, among them runaway champion first-crop sire Gun Runner who represents a fusion of Fappiano, to whom he is inbred, and Storm Cat. Another successful freshman, Practical Joke, represents Into Mischief over Distorted Humor and therefore broadly speaking, Storm Cat over Mr. Prospector.

“It is both a luxury and expensive to be an owner/breeder now,” says Craig. “Most breeding is trial and error. For sure, you can afford to take a few chances—breed to Saxon Warrior or Study Of Man (both sons of Deep Impact based in Europe), keep a few mares in the U.S. or Australia to try to use more of a variety of sire lines, but it is a challenge. There are limited options, and I think we are breeding a lot of slower horses as a result. We are moving inwards not outwards.”

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| INDUSTRY |

Annie Lambert

Adobe Stock, Autry Graham, Eclipse Sportswire

BOLSTERING

INCENTIVES

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| INCENTIVES TO BREED |

NorthAmericanThoroughbred • Farm futures Spendthrift Farm, Lexington, Kentucky, is continuing with their market breeders saw record trendsetting programs—Share The Upside and Safe Bet— following the death of Spendthrift founder and owner B. Wayne salesinwhile ,102 breedingto Hughes last August. Both programs have been directly copied racelooksequallyenticingin or modified by other farms due to their obvious significance to breeders.

2022. Even a pandemic has not The Spendthrift Farm 2022 Stallion Roster consists of 25 sires, including newly added Basin (Liam’s Map), Known Agenda stoppedtheracingindustryfrom (Curlin), Yaupon (Uncle Mo) and By My Standards (Goldencents).

Safe Bet minimizes risk for mare owners by ensuring that the rewardingbreedersandowners stallion they chose from the program will sire at least one graded/ fromproducing,purchasingandgroup stakes winner by December 31, 2022 from its first twoyear-old crop, or the mare owner will owe no breeding fee. If the racingqualityhorses. stallion does produce at least one black-type winner, the listed stallion fee would be due.

Spendthrift stallions in the program for 2022 include Cloud Computing, Free Drop Billy and Mor Spirit, all standing for a $5,000 fee.

“Safe Bet will continue this year with Free Drop Bill, Mor Spirit and Cloud Computing,” verified Spendthrift Stallion Sales Manager Mark Toothaker. “If they do not have a graded stakes winner in North America in 2022, then all of those contracts done under the program will be free. If they have a graded stakes winner, (breeders) are thrilled to death to pay $5,000. If it doesn’t work out, at least it doesn’t cost them anything, as far as a stud fee.”

Share The Upside has proved stunningly successful for breeders, while remaining a simple concept. Breed a mare to a program stallion, have a live foal and pay the stallion fee when due. That foal entitles the mare owner to a lifetime breeding to the stallion, an annual breeding share, with no added costs.

Program stallions for 2022 include: Basin, By My Standards, Known Agenda and Rock Your World (Candy Ride (ARG)), the latter two being already sold out.

“We have two different forms of Share the Upside,” Toothaker said. “Rock Your World and Known Agenda are both on two year programs with fees of $12,500 this and next year. Basin and By My Standards are both on one-year deals with a second-year breed back for free. They are both standing at $8,500 one time and then in 2023 you breed a mare for free and you will have filled your commitment to have a lifetime breeding right.”

According to Toothaker, some stallions offer a pay-out-of-sale proceeds type offer this year. It is not a forgiveness of the stud fee, but it is a deferment arrangement.

“There are certain stallions that we will allow a breeder to defer paying the stallion fee, temporarily,” Toothaker said. “They can sell the mare in foal or sell the resulting weanling or yearling.

We don’t usually want to carry it past a yearling season.”

Because the quality stallions can be very expensive to acquire, farms must try and turn each season into monetary income if at all possible. Various programs enable stallions to be marketed for the benefit of the stallion business and mare owners.

The Kentucky Thoroughbred Development Fund (KTDF) has increased purses within the state and has shown significant growth. Keeneland Race Course, for example, will award a record $7.7 million for 19 stakes to be run during their April 2022 spring meet.

The KTDF will contribute $1.5 million to the stakes purses, pending approval from the Kentucky Horse Racing Commission.

KTDF funds come from one-percent of money wagered on live ISSUE 63 TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM

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| INDUSTRY | LEFT: Spendthrift’s 2022 “Share The Upside” program stallions include Rock Your World, Known Agenda, Basin and By My Standards (pictured).

BASIN AND BY MY STANDARDS ARE BOTH ON ONE-YEAR DEALS WITH A SECOND-YEAR BREED BACK FOR FREE. THEY ARE BOTH STANDING AT $8,500 ONE TIME AND THEN IN 2023 YOU BREED A MARE FOR FREE.” MARK TOOTHAKER / SPENDTHRIFT

Kentucky Thoroughbred and historical racing. In addition, two-percent of all money wagered on Thoroughbred races via inter-track wagering and whole card simulcasting.

Only Kentucky-sired and Kentucky-foaled horses that are registered with the KTDF are eligible for these purse supplements. Each racetrack, pending approval by the KTDF advisory board, decides the purse payment structure.

Payment is distributed to the owner of record.

• State lures The California Breeder’s Association continues to have one of the most respected, and often copied, programs in North America. According to Mary Ellen Locke, registrar and incentive program manager, there have been no structural changes to their lucrative program from recent years.

California mare owners can breed to out-of-state stallions and still have a Cal-bred, providing the mare foals in the Golden State and is bred back to a California stallion.

“We have no new changes for 2022,” Locke confirmed of the CTBA incentives. “There have not been as many inquiries from other states regarding our program recently. When most were starting out, they’d ask how our program worked. I think a lot of the states that want an incentive program have one.”

Little Red Feather Racing Club is an established racing partnership group, which purchases prospects to race across North America. Founder and managing partner Billy Koch made it clear they are not in the breeding business, but he definitely keep owner incentives in mind for his runners.

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“We race everywhere in the country, so we look at the horses (bred in any state),” Koch explained. “Whatever racing jurisdiction you are running in, the incentives should be noted. When it comes to California, as they say, ‘It pays to own a Cal-bred.’”

Texas has been making big improvements for breeders to take advantage of in recent years, according to Mary Ruyle, Texas Thoroughbred Association Executive Director. Texas state legislatures passed a bill in 2019, which provides for $25 million annually to help the equine industry—seventy percent is set aside for purses. The monies are collected via a tax on equine goods and products.

The TTA is actively promoting the Texas-bred Thoroughbred in 2022.

“What we are doing is going to each of the Texas Class One tracks and inviting new people to learn more about the process of becoming a breeder or a racehorse owner,” Ruyle said. “We’re also having an event in connection with our two-year-old training sale.”

Berdette Felipe, Arizona Thoroughbred Breeders Association, reported there were no major changes to their program, but that business was going well for breeders and owners.

“Turf Paradise has added money into the purses, the purses are bigger,” she said. “And, Turf Paradise does pay a breeder and owner award at the end of the meet.”

Mare owners in Arizona are able to breed to out-ofstate stallions, similar to California, and still have an Arizona-bred foal. “As long as the mare foals here and the baby stays in Arizona for six months of its first year,” Felipe explained.

When Virginia passed their historical horse racing legislation in 2019 Debbie Easter, Executive Director of the Virginia Thoroughbred Association (VTA), predicted good things for Colonial Downs. Last year, Easter began to see the numbers climbing in spite of no year-around racing in Virginia.

$4 MILLION REASONS

BREED RACE $

$

WIN

Over $4 Million will be paid to Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders in Oklahoma this year

OKLAHOMA HORSE RACING COMMISSION 2800 N. LINCOLN BLVD., SUITE 220 405.943.6472

OKC 73107

WWW.OHRC.ORG

THOROUGHBRED RACING ASSOCIATION OF OKLAHOMA ONE REMINGTON PLACE 405.427.8753

OKLAHOMA CITY 73111

WWW.TRAORACING.COM

| INDUSTRY |

ABOVE: Canterbury Park, Minnesota

Colonial Downs enjoyed a record-setting Thoroughbred season in 2021 with purse monies of $522,000. That number is expected to grow to $600,000 this year. The Virginia Racing Commission also granted the 2022 meet an additional nine days of racing.

The VTA continues to provide incentives to their breeders, encouraging them to set up shop and grow in their state.

Even though the state of Minnesota has challenges for breeders and owners, those directly involved continue to stride forward with help from the Minnesota Thoroughbred Association and the Minnesota Breeders’ Fund (MBF).

The MBF, which is overseen by the Minnesota Racing Commission (MRC), awarded over $600,000 to breeders last year. Monetary awards are paid to Minnesota-bred horses that are registered with the MRC. There are ongoing attempts to promote state-bred horses.

“Members of the commission have agreed recently to support an incentive whereby anyone who buys a share in a Minnesota Thoroughbred Association stallion auction will be rewarded,” Bob Schiewe, deputy director of the MBF, explained. “If you bring your mare to use the breeding and bring the mare back to Minnesota to foal, the Breeders’ Fund will pay a $1,000 incentive.

“It’s not a lot in the bigger picture, but it is something. We are hoping that it might result in 15 to 30 mares foaling in Minnesota that otherwise may not have.”

Minnesota not only suffers from severe winter weather. Lower purses at Canterbury Park, the only Thoroughbred track, are stressing the racing structure.

“Canterbury Park, where we have had Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racing since the 1980s, has a marketing agreement with the nearby Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux community, which owns/operates the Mystic Ways Casino,” Schiewe said.

“The casino is very successful and has supplemented purses at Canterbury Park by about $7.5 million annually for 10 years.

It basically doubled our purse account.”

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But, much to Schiewe’s dismay, the decade-long agreement with the casino to provide the added funding is expiring, and the Native American community seems prepared not to negotiate a new contract.

“Unfortunately for horse racing in Minnesota,” Schiewe acknowledged, “it seems to be in very serious jeopardy of going away.” “You can do the math; we’ll be losing half of our purse account in this day and age.”

MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION HAVE AGREED RECENTLY TO SUPPORT AN INCENTIVE WHEREBY ANYONE WHO BUYS A SHARE IN A MINNESOTA THOROUGHBRED ASSOCIATION STALLION AUCTION WILL BE REWARDED.” BOB SCHIEWE / MINNESOTA BREEDERS’ FUND

WHY SHOULD YOU BREED, RACE AND BUY TEXAS-BREDS? • $25 MILLION is being injected annually into the Texas horse industry thanks to new legislation • LARGER PURSES with maiden special/allowance races of $35,000+ at both Sam Houston Race Park and Lone Star Park • An ENHANCED STAKES SCHEDULE at Texas tracks, including the Texas Thoroughbred Association Futurity with $150,000 purses for each division and the new Texas Thoroughbred Association Derby and Oaks with purses of $100,000 each. In addition, there are many stakes just for Texas-Breds.

• TWO AUCTIONS ANNUALLY at Lone Star Park (2-Year-Olds in Training and Yearlings) • ATB BREEDER BONUS now pays an award of up to 25% of purse money earned to the breeder of an Accredited Texas-bred placing 1-2-3 in open company at Texas tracks and awards are also paid for out-of-state racing where there is no live Thoroughbred meet in Texas.

• ATB OWNER BONUS now pays an award of up to 20% of purse money earned to the owner of an Accredited Texas-bred placing 1-2-3 in open company at Texas tracks. There is also a bonus for owners of TEXAS-SIRED Accredited Texas-breds placing 1-2-3 in open company races in Texas.

Find out more at TexasThoroughbred.com, TTAsales.com, or by calling the Texas Thoroughbred Association at 512-458-6133!

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| INDUSTRY |

| INCENTIVES TO BREED |

Mr. Monomoy

THERE ARE LEADING BREEDERS IN EVERY STATE AND YOU TRY TO GET AS MANY MARES FROM LEADING BREEDERS AS POSSIBLE.” SEAN FELD/CLIMAX STALLIONS

• Independent initiatives Sean Feld is managing director of Climax Stallions, which he runs from Lexington, Kentucky. Sean’s father, Bob Feld of Bobfeld Bloodstock is the company’s director of Stallion Acquisitions.

Climax Stallions now offer seven sires, most of which reside in varied regions of the United States, with one currently standing in Ireland. The concept of treating each stallion separately allows the company to find proper exposure for each horse.

“When we acquire a stallion we’ll make phone calls to various farms in various locations where we think the horse fits best and where we think he will get the best reception,” Sean explained.

“Curlin To Mischief (a half-brother to Into Mischief and Beholder

by Curlin) is in California because it was helpful that Into Mischief and Beholder did their running out there. That familiarity definitely helps.”

Son Of Thunder, a full-brother to the late Laoban, stands in New York, St Patrick’s Day, by Pioneerof The Nile, resides in Florida and Mr. Monomoy, by Palace Malice, is in New York.

Editorial, a half-brother to Uncle Mo by War Front, and Fortune Ticket, a full-brother to Gun Runner, are both in Maryland. The only stallion standing outside of North America is Bullet Train

by Sadler’s Wells.

Woodbine Racetrack

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“We have Bullet Train leased to a national hunt farm in Ireland,” Sean said. “He’s going to be a steeplechase stallion. His first foals in Ireland are three, so they’ll start running soon.”

Climax Stallions are placed with consideration of breeder and owner awards offered as well. Mr. Monomoy, with his dirt pedigree fit well in New York considering the amount of money in the Stallion Stakes races as well as winter races in Aqueduct being run solely on dirt.

State-bred programs like California, Florida, New York and Maryland all have outstanding incentive programs overall, according to Sean. And, Sean appreciates mare owner programs like those offered by Spendthrift.

“We offer a Share the Upside type program for all our freshman sires,” he pointed out. “In the regional market it is a lot harder to compete than the Kentucky market. You have to be creative to get as many good mares as you can. There are leading breeders in every state and you try to get as many mares from leading breeders as possible.”

“Our tagline is, ‘We bring Kentucky to you,’” he added. “We have Kentucky-quality pedigrees in the regional market; we try to help the regional-bred horses as much as possible in the pedigree department.”

Ontario, Canada’s province most entwined in Thoroughbred racing, sports a range of incentives to promote Thoroughbred breeding in the province.

There are monetary bonuses allotted through the Mare Purchase Program that applies to in-foal mares with progeny of 2022 when purchased at an Ontario Racing recognized public auction. Through the Mare Recruitment Program, a breeder who brings an in-foal mare to Ontario to foal in 2022 is eligible for incentive funds, with some stipulations.

A breeder of record is eligible for several bonuses through the Thoroughbred Improvement Program, including out-of-province breeders awards. Ontario sired purse bonuses are also paid out. There are many angles to beef up breeder awards in Canada.

It would quite possibly take the entire magazine to explain each and every North American opportunity for mare owners to enhance their bottom lines. The more you dig, the more opportunities are found.

And, with competition growing, there are certainly deals to be made. You won’t know until you ask.

BREEDING AND RACING INCENTIVES STATE BY STATE ALBERTA

BREEDERS AWARDS: Breeders shared in a total of $340,233 in bonus support funds for 2021.

The bonus was based on horses of all ages foaled in Alberta placing win, place and show in all sanctioned races in Alberta having a minimum $7,000 purse and where entered at or above a minimum $6,250 claiming price. The bonus is paid at the conclusion of the Alberta racing season. Bonuses will not be paid for eligible races that have four (4) or less starters unless it is an Open Stakes Race, the CTHS Sales Stake, or Stakes Races restricted to Alberta breds.

The bonus was 16.02% of the earnings of all races held in Alberta racetracks in 2021.

It is a requirement that recipients of the Breed Improvement Program - Thoroughbred Breeders’ Bonus be members in good standing of the C.T.H.S. (Full or Associate Member designation) in order to receive the Breeders’ Bonus.

OWNERS AWARDS: Owners of horses of all ages foaled in Alberta placing win, place and show in all sanctioned races in Alberta having a minimum $7,000 purse and where entered at or above a minimum $6,250 Claiming price (to be invoiced

by HBPA). The bonus will be paid after the conclusion of the Alberta racing season.

Bonuses will not be paid for eligible races that have four (4) or less starters, the CTHS Sales Stakes, or Stakes Races restricted to Alberta breds. In 2021 the Owner’s bonus was $240,232.

Owners of horses of all ages foaled in Alberta placing win, place and show in Community Stakes Races excluding Alberta Bred Restricted races will be paid a Bonus amount of approximately 17%. The bonus will be paid after the conclusion of the Alberta Racing Season. However the payout timing will be at the discretion of ACTRA. STALLION AWARDS: Support for 2021 totaled $65,000 and is being distributed through the Thoroughbred Breed Improvement Program.

The percentage for the 2020 Stallion Owners is 4.02% and is based on the following criteria: “The 2021 Stallion bonus will be paid proportionately to Stallion owners whose Stallions have eligible Alberta Thoroughbred progeny with earnings of $10,000 or greater during the Calendar year. Stallions must have stood in the province of Alberta for the entire Calendar year of conception for each year’s crop to be eligible.”

It is a requirement that recipients of the Breed Improvement Program - Thoroughbred Breeders’ Bonus be members in good standing of the C.T.H.S. (Full or Associate Member designation) in order to receive the Breeders’ Bonus.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: No REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 145

WORTH NOTING: This information is strictly related to the 2021 year. The 2022 Breed Improvement Program details have not yet been confirmed at the time of this submission.

Follow the Breed Improvement Program under Member Information on the CTHS Alberta website at www.cthsalta.com for further details.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: e: cthsweb@cthsalta.com w: cthsalta.com

ARIZONA BREEDERS AWARDS: Distribution of the 10% bonus for certified Arizona breds in all overnight races.

1. If one horse wins and no others place, 100% of the 10% is paid to the winner.

2. If there are win, place and show finishers, the 10% bonus will be split - 50% paid to the winner, 30% to second and 20% to third.

3. If there is a second place finisher, 30% of the 10% bonus is paid and the balance remains in the fund.

The 10% bonus distribution is based on the total purse. Bonus money will be paid only to the first, second, and third place finishers.

Distribution of the 20% bonus for certified Arizona breds in all overnight races.

1. 20% bonus will be paid to the first through sixth place finishers based on the following percent.

2. If there are less than six starters in any of the overnight restricted Arizona Bred Races, the percentages will be adjusted as to pay out the 20% bonus on that race.

Additional bonus monies for certified Arizona breds may also be added to other races during the meet. All bonus monies will be paid to the owner(s) of the horse through the Arizona Thoroughbred Breeders Association from the Arizona Horse Breeders Fund.

Bonus money will be paid to certified Arizona Bred Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses.

Stakes Races are excluded from the 10% and 20% bonus distribution.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: t: (602) 942-1310 w: atba.net

ARKANSAS BREEDERS AWARDS: Breeder Awards are paid annually to the breeder of each properly registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbred foal calculated on its total earnings in North America the previous calendar year.

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| STATE BREEDING AND RACING INCENTIVES |

OWNERS AWARDS: Owners awards are paid annually to the owner of each properly registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbred calculated on its total earnings at the Oaklawn Park live meet the previous calendar year.

STALLION AWARDS: Stallion awards are paid annually to the owner of each properly registered Arkansas stallion calculated on the total earnings in North America of his registered Arkansas-bred progeny the previous calendar year.

RESTRICTED RACES: Restricted races and restricted stakes races are held during Oaklawn’s live meet. There are four stakes races with a purse of $150,000 and 1 stakes race at $200,000.

OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: Breeder and Stallion Awards are paid on total earnings in North America.

REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 288 subject to increase with late registrations WORTH NOTING: Arkansas Thoroughbred Breeders’ & Horsemen’s Association works with the Arkansas Racing Commission to maintain the Rules & Regulations of the association and the Arkansas-bred program, which includes distribution of the Purse and Awards Funds of the Arkansasbred program to owners, stallion owners and breeders of properly registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbreds.

The purpose of the awards program is to recognize, honor and award Arkansas Breeders, Stallion Owners and Owners of registered Arkansas-bred Thoroughbreds for their efforts and participation in the Arkansas-bred Thoroughbred program.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: Contact: Deana Echols t: (501) 624-6328 e: atbha@att.net w: atbha.com

BRITISH COLUMBIA BREEDERS AWARDS: 18% - projected OWNERS AWARDS: 35.00% STALLION AWARDS: 12% - projected RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: No REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 118 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: e: cthsbc@cthsbc.org w: cthsbc.org

CALIFORNIA BREEDERS AWARDS: A monetary award that is paid to the breeder of a registered California-bred Thoroughbred finishing first, second, or third in any race run in California and any graded stakes races conducted within the United States. Breeders will receive 75% of the remainder of the total incentive award monies after owner awards are paid, with an individual breeder receiving a prorated share of this breeders fund. The maximum purse considered earned in any qualifying race within this state shall be $330,000 for a win, $120,000

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for a second, and $90,000 for a third-place finish. Breeder awards always are paid exclusive of nomination, entry and starting fees.

OWNERS AWARDS: A monetary award that is paid to the owner of a registered California-bred Thoroughbred horse that runs in qualifying races in California. Owners can receive at least a 20% bonus for finishing first in an open starter allowance above $15,000 and open non-maiden claiming races with a claiming price of $40,000 or greater in Southern California and $20,000 or greater in Northern California. These levels are purposely set high to encourage the ownership of highquality runners and to restrict the number of qualifiers so that the awards will function as a major incentive. Owner awards always are paid exclusive of nomination, entry, and starting fees. They are listed in the racing program and will be distributed at the same time as the purse by the paymaster.

STALLION AWARDS: To stimulate the acquisition in California of nationally prominent stallions, and retain high-caliber California stallions, monetary awards are paid annually to the owners of registered California stallions whose California-conceived or California-bred get have won a qualifying race or have finished, first, second, or third in a stakes race in the state or any graded stakes race within the United States during the year.

Qualifying races are any non-claiming races, including maiden allowance and starter allowance races, with a purse of at least $15,000, and open non-maiden claiming races with a claiming price of $40,000 or greater in Southern California and $20,000 or greater in Northern California also qualify.

Stallion awards are exclusive of nomination, entry, and starting fees. Stallions must be registered by Feb. 15 each year to be eligible for stallion awards.

Stallion owners will receive 25% of the remainder of the total incentive award monies after owner awards are paid, with an individual owner of a registered California stallion (as of Dec. 31) receiving a prorated share of the stallion fund based on the total qualifying earnings of the get during the year.

The maximum purse considered earned in any qualifying race within this state shall be $330,000 for a win, $120,000 for a second, and $90,000 for a third-place finish. The stallion must be continuously present in California from Feb. 1 to July 15, inclusive, of the year or any subsequent calendar year in which he stood at stud and fathered the participant in the race.

If a sire dies in this state in the year or any subsequent year and stood his last season at stud in this state, or was standing at stud in this state on the date of his death or any subsequent year, he shall thereafter continue to be considered an eligible Thoroughbred stallion regarding a race participant fathered by him in that season.

The California Thoroughbred Breeders Association (CTBA) will help compile data, but it is the ultimative responsibility of the stallion owner to advise that official registering agency, on or before Feb. 15 of any year, of any and all purses earned during the preceding year that shall be considered in determining the amount of the stallion award to which the owner is entitled.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: w: ctba.com

| STATE BREEDING AND RACING INCENTIVES |

DELAWARE BREEDERS AWARDS: 25% Bonus - Certifier Award OWNERS AWARDS: 25% Bonus - Owner Award RESTRICTED RACES: 10 restricted stake races FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Vincent Moscarelli t: (302) 994-2398 e: dctp@dtha.com w: DTHA.com

FLORIDA BREEDERS AWARDS: Paid at 10% of the announced gross purse on FTBOA-registered Florida-bred winners. First 10% ($10.500 limit), second 3% ($3,000 limit) and third 2% ($1,500 limit).

OWNERS AWARDS: Paid by the individual Florida tracks to the owner of a FTBOA registered Florida-Bred winner of certain races. Contact FHBPA for details. The payment of the FOA is based upon a percentage of gross purse.

STALLION AWARDS: Paid to the owners of Thoroughbred stallions lawfully registered with the FTBOA and siring FTBOA-registered Florida-breds that finish first in a listed black-type stakes race at a Florida Thoroughbred track during the calendar year.

Stallion awards are paid out at a uniform rate of 15% of the announced gross purse, with each stallion award limited to no more than $15,000. These awards are paid quarterly.

RESTRICTED RACES: Program which includes several special racing days. There are also restricted races daily for Floridabreds at Florida tracks. There is also the Florida Sire Stakes lucrative stakes program for FSS eligible horses. For details visit www.ftboa.com. This includes FSS bonuses on races and also a stakes series that leads up to the Breeders’ Cup for twoyear-olds. Additional stakes for three-year-olds also.

WORTH NOTING: Check Florida track condition books for additional stakes, incentives and bonuses added.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Tammy A. Gantt t: (352) 629-2160 e: tgantt@ftboa.com w: ftboa.com

ILLINOIS BREEDERS AWARDS: A Breeder’s Award is earned when an IL Registered Thoroughbred wins any race in the state of Illinois. The owner’s share of the Breeder’s Award is 11.5% of the winner’s share of the base purse. The winner’s share of any race in Illinois is normally 60% of the purse. The base purse is the amount put up by the purse account and does not include any funds added by the Illinois Thoroughbred Breeders Fund, horsemen, Breeders’ Cup, etc.

Open races - In an open race, the entire Breeder’s Award (11.5% of the winner’s share of the base purse) goes to the breeder of the winning horse (the winner’s share in an open race may also include part of an owners award, if earned, paid from the purse account).

As an example, we will say that the base purse of an open allowance race is $22,000. The base purse times 60% equals the winner’s share. The winner’s share times 11.5% equals

the Breeder’s Award. Base purse $22,000, X winner’s share (60%)=$13,200 X 11.5% = Award $1,518 Illinois.

RESTRICTED RACES: In a race restricted to Illinois Registered horses, the Breeder’s Award (11.5% of the winner’s share of the base purse) is divided among the first four place finishers, The winner gets 60% of the Award: second, 20%: third, 15% and fourth, 5%. Again, as an example, we will use an allowance race, this time restricted to Illinois Registered horses. The base purse of this race is $20,000. The base purse times 60% equals the winner’s share. The winner’s share times 11.5% equals the Breeder’s Award. Base purse $20,000 X Winner’s share (60%)=$12,000 X 11.5%=Award $1,380 The Breeder’s Award in a restricted race is divided among the first four place finishers using the percentages as follows: Breeder’s Award $1,380 X 60% To the Winner=$828 X 20% To Second=$276 X 15% To Third=$207 X5% to Fourth=$69.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: w: itbof.net

INDIANA BREEDERS AWARDS: The breeder of a registered Indiana Bred which wins any race at Indiana Grand Racing & Casino earns 20% of the gross purse for all stake, allowance and claiming races, except when entered for a claiming price of less than $10,000.

The breeder of a registered Indiana Bred which wins a race in another state, Puerto Rico or Canada earns 10% of the winners share of the purse for any race, except when entered for a claiming price of less than $10,000. Each out-of-state award is capped at $10,000. You are eligible for an out-ofstate award when there is no live Thoroughbred race meet in progress in Indiana (except for stakes races), and for 2-yearolds winning out of state prior to July 1 of race meet.

OWNERS AWARDS: ITOBA Stallion Season Auction Stakes Races. Owner’s Awards payable to the owner of an IN Sired Horse (IHRC Registered IN Sire). Finishing 1st, 2nd, or 3rd in the ITOBA Stakes Races for fillies and for colts / geldings. 1st place bonus $3,000, 2nd place bonus $1,500, 3rd place bonus $500. Total added bonus money for two races $10K. STALLION AWARDS: The owner or lessee of a registered Indiana Sire who’s registered progeny have won any races at Indiana Grand Racing & Casino earns 10% of the gross purse for all stake, allowance and claiming races, except when entered for a claiming price of less than $10,000.

All breeder and stallion awards will be paid directly to the winning breeder or stallion owner from the Indiana Thoroughbred Breed Development Program. Awards will not be paid through the purse account at the track.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes - The Governor’s Stake and Unreachable Star will be contested at $250,000, and the First Lady Stakes and Lady Foghorn will be contested at $200,000.

Two signature stakes at $150,000 purses and Twenty Stakes to be contested at $100,000 each.

OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: No REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 379 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: w: in.gov

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| STATE BREEDING AND RACING INCENTIVES |

IOWA BREEDERS AWARDS: 12% 1st, 6% 2nd-4th.

OWNERS AWARDS: 32% Supplement for Iowa Bred Races. 37% Supplement for Open races.

STALLION AWARDS: Yes - based on the number of Iowa bred winners by Iowa Stallions.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: No FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Brandi Jo Fett t: (515) 957-3002 e: itboa@msn.com w: iowathoroughbred.com

KENTUCKY BREEDERS AWARDS: $15.9M OWNERS AWARDS: $28.2M STALLION AWARDS: N/A RESTRICTED RACES: No

OWNERS AWARDS: Purse supplements are paid out on purse levels to Manitoba-breds for their racing lifetime. Must be foaled in Manitoba, have Canadian papers and meet class/ purse level criteria.

Class 1 $9400 or less - $540.00 (win) $ 180.00 (place) $90.00 (show) / Class 2 $9401 - $11600 - $1080.00 (win) $360.00 (place) $180.00 (show) / Class 3 $11601 - $16000 - $1620.00 (win) $540.00 (place) $270.00 (show) / Class 4 $16001 $20000 - $2160.00 (win) $720.00 (place) $360.00 (show) Purse supplements are not paid on: Stake races, Manitoba restricted claiming races and Manitoba restricted allowance races.

STALLION AWARDS: 2022 Stallion Awards - Class 1 $9400 or less and restricted claiming races - 1 point / Class 2 $9401 - $11600 and restricted allowance races - 2 points / Class 3 $11601- $16000 - 3 points / Class 4 $16001+ and Mb Restricted Stakes - 4 points (win) 2 points (place) 1 point (show) / Class 5 OPEN Stakes - 5 points (win) 2 (place) 1 point (show) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: e: cthsmb@mymts.net w: cthsmb.ca

MARYLAND

OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: $12.8M (inc. in $15.9M above)

BREEDERS AWARDS: 30% top 3 in overnight races.

REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 5,617 foals registered to KTDF; 7,886 KY registered Foal Crop

OWNERS AWARDS: 15% top 3 in overnight races.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Jamie Eads (KBIF) / Jenny McGaughey (KTDF) t: (859)246-2040 (KBIF)/ (859) 259-1643 (KTDF) e: Jamie.Eads@ky.gov / JMcGaughey@kta-ktob.com w: KHRC.ky.gov / Kentuckybred.org

LOUISIANA BREEDERS AWARDS: Breeders Awards are 20%, 18%, 10% or 9% depending on the category you’re participating in.

OWNERS AWARDS: Louisiana Breds run for higher purses than open horses in Louisiana.

STALLION AWARDS: $900,000 paid on a pro rata basis RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: $400,000 set aside to pay world wide breeders awards REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 850 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: t: (504) 947-4676 w: louisianabred.com

MANITOBA BREEDERS AWARDS: 2022 Breeder Awards - Class 1 $9400 or less and restricted claiming races - 3 points / Class 2 $9401 - $11600 and restricted allowance races - 6 points / Class 3 $11601- $16000 - 9 points / Class 4 $16001+ and Mb Restricted Stakes - 12 points (win) 4 points (place) 2 points (show) / Class 5 OPEN Stakes - 15 points (win) 5 (place) 2 points (show)

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STALLION AWARDS: 10% if horse is by Maryland stallion.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: N/A REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 577 WORTH NOTING: Maryland Million program for eligible Maryland-sired horses.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: t: (410) 252-2100 e: Info@marylandthoroughbred.com w: MarylandThoroughbred.com / MarylandMillion.com

MASSACHUSETTS Incentives published based on 2021 - pending confirmation for 2022 BREEDERS AWARDS: Bonuses for 1st, 2nd and 3rd - 25% award paid to breeders paid to Mass. breds running out of state - cap $5,000.

Members of MTBA are paid by the MTBA at the end of the month following the month that the award is earned.

Non-members of MTBA also receive awards at the end of the month following the month that the award is earned. A one time service charge of $150 is deducted from the first award check.

OWNERS AWARDS: 30% (Except In Restricted Mass.-bred races) - cap $5,000.

STALLION AWARDS: 15% award - cap $5,000.

RESTRICTED RACES: No OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: $10,000 supplemental purse added to whatever race in which a Mass. bred runs anywhere in the U.S.

Bigger and better INCENTIVES to breed, foal and buy Maryland-breds!

ALL MARYLAND-BRED BONUSES APPLY TO REGISTERED MARYLAND-BREDS ONLY

BREEDER BONUSES Maryland-breds born prior to 2023

30% 10% 10%

Breeder Bonus on earned purses for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on all overnight races ADDITIONAL for Maryland-sired Maryland-bred maiden winners on earned purses Stallion Bonus on earned purses for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on all overnight races

For Maryland-bred foals of 2023 TIERED BREEDER BONUS SYSTEM ( foals conceived in 2022; 2-year-olds of 2025)

35% 25% 10%

Breeder Bonus for Maryland-sired Maryland-breds on earned purses for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on all overnight races Breeder Bonus for out-of-state-sired Maryland-breds on earned purses for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on all overnight races Stallion Bonus on earned purses for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on all overnight races

2025 Breeder Bonus percentages estimated. For Maryland-breds born in 2023, bonus money on earned purses will be 4o% more for Marylandsireds than out-of-state-sireds. Stallions must be registered with MBRF.

BONUS PERCENTAGES ON STAKES for stakes in Maryland

BREED 30% FOAL 10%

RACE in Maryland

Breeder bonuses paid for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on earned purses Stallion bonuses paid for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on earned purses

Stakes capped at $100,000. Maryland Million Day races pay 15% Breeder bonuses, 5% Stallion Bonuses for 1st, 2nd, 3rd on earned purses. Stallions must be registered with the Maryland-Bred Race Fund

IT PAYS TO RACE Maryland-breds in Maryland

OWNER/DEVELOPER BONUSES 15% OWNER BONUS

SHARE OF PURSE On all open overnight races for Maryland-bred horses finishing 1st, 2nd or 3rd.

Paid as part of the purse, included in typical owner earnings and are reflected in horse’s Equibase earnings.

15% DEVELOPER BONUS

SHARE OF PURSE On all open overnight races for Maryland-bred horses finishing 1st, 2nd or 3rd.

Developer is the owner of the horse in its first career start.

Bonuses will continue to be paid to the Developer throughout the horse’s racing career, regardless of how many times ownership changes, unless the horse changed hands prior to start of the program on January 22, 2021. Developer bonuses are NOT paid as part of the purse, therefore not reflected in horse’s Equibase earnings. Bonuses will by paid monthly by Horsemen’s Bookkeeper by check after races are released by the stewards.

Owner and Developer bonuses are funded by Maryland Thoroughbred Purse Account. Program is administered

by Maryland Thoroughbred Horsemen’s Association

UPDATED WAIVER MAIDEN CLAIMING $40,000 Waiver Maiden Claiming MD-bred and/or MD-sired horses may waive the claiming price $25,000 Waiver Maiden Claiming MD-sired horses only may waive the claiming price

At the direction of the MD Racing Commission, the MBRF is administered by

Maryland Horse Breeders Association 321 Main St., Reisterstown MD 21136 410-252-2100 • MarylandThoroughbred.com

Breeder and stallion award percentages are determined on a bi-annual basis by the MRC

500 Redland Court • Suite 105 Owings Mills, MD 21117 Phone: 410-902-6842 info@mdhorsemen.com

| STATE BREEDING AND RACING INCENTIVES |

WORTH NOTING: To become a Mass. bred, foal must be born In Massachusetts and to a mare that has been a resident since Oct 15th the previous year, or be bred back to a resident Massachusetts stallion - Incentive Program (T.I.P.) To encourage the retraining of Thoroughbreds into other disciplines upon completion of careers in racing or breeding, T.I.P. offers sponsorship for Thoroughbred-only classes and divisions, high point Thoroughbred awards at open horse shows and competitions, a Thoroughbred of the Year Award and a Young Rider of the Year Award.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: e: MTBA@comcast.net w: massbreds.com

MICHIGAN FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: e: info@mtoba.com w: mtoba.com

MINNESOTA BREEDERS AWARDS: The money available from the breeders’ fund for the Thoroughbred breed category shall be divided as follows: A. A. Eighty percent shall be set aside and paid to breeders of Minnesota-bred horses as breeders’ awards.

B. B. Twenty percent shall be set aside and paid as stallion awards to the owners of the Minnesota-sire at the time of breeding.

The money available from the Thoroughbred breeders’ fund, other than purse supplements earned pursuant to Minnesota Statutes, section 240.135, shall be distributed as follows A. “Breeders’ awards” shall be paid to the breeder or lessee of a Minnesota-bred horse, as reflected on the Jockey Club physical or digital certificate, that earns purse earnings in any North American pari-mutuel race.

The amount of award shall be a percentage of the total amount available for all awards. Purse earnings earned in any North American race that is conducted outside of Minnesota during the Minnesota Thoroughbred racing meeting shall not count toward qualified earnings. A horse’s earnings in any single race must not be worth more than the winner’s share of the largest purse offered during the Minnesota Thoroughbred racing meeting.

STALLION AWARDS: Shall be paid to the owners or lessees of the Minnesota-sire of a Minnesota-bred horse that earns purse earnings in any pari-mutuel race. The amount of award shall be a percentage of the total amount available for all awards. Purse earnings earned in any North American race outside of Minnesota during the Minnesota Thoroughbred racing meeting shall not count toward qualified earnings. A horse’s earnings in any single race must not be worth more than the winner’s share of the largest purse offered during the Minnesota Thoroughbred racing meeting.

Purse supplements earned shall not count toward qualified earnings in determining breeders’ or stallion awards.

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OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: Minnesota-bred horses may earn awards from purses won in any North American pari-mutuel race.

WORTH NOTING: The purpose of the Minnesota Breeders’ Fund is to encourage the breeding and racing of quality horses.

Stallion awards promote the introduction of high quality studs standing for the breeding season in Minnesota. The breeders fund also provides money for in state, postsecondary equine research and related education in the form of grants, contracts or other expenditures.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: e: mrcinfo@state.mn.us w: mrc.state.mn.us

NEW JERSEY BREEDERS AWARDS: 35% for horses sired by New Jersey stallions that finish 1st-3rd in any race run at Monmouth Park and Monmouth Park at the Meadowlands meets. 25% for horses sired by non-New Jersey stallions that finish 1st-3rd in any race run at Monmouth Park and Monmouth Park at the Meadowlands meets.

OWNERS AWARDS: 10% of purse earnings for New Jersey-breds that finish 1st-3rd in open company races run at Monmouth Park and Monmouth Park at the Meadowlands meets.

STALLION AWARDS: 10% of purse earnings when New Jerseybreds finish 1st-3rd in any race run at Monmouth Park and Monmouth Park at the Meadowlands meets.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: No WORTH NOTING: Caps are $8,000 for first place and $4,000 for second and third place finishes.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Michael Campbell w: njbreds.com

NEW MEXICO BREEDERS AWARDS: 2021 - $1,198,361.39 (had four months less racing in 2021 due to COVID-19) OWNERS AWARDS: 2021 - $1,065,212.06 STALLION AWARDS: 2021 - $186,411.68 RESTRICTED RACES: 2021 - 474 OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: N/A REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 817 foals in 2020 959 in 2021 (482 Thoroughbreds and 477 Quarter Horses) WORTH NOTING: 2022 will have 205 race days and the figures should go back up.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: John Bachelor t: (855) 273-3366 e: sales@nmhorsebreeders.com w: nmhorsebreeders.com

“MINNESOTA BREEDERS ARE USED TO MEETING RISK WITH HOPE - AND FINDING GREATNESS IN EVERY HORSE BORN” -R. Blount, Star Tribune

BREED IN

MINNESOTA There’s only

ONE

Requirement: Foal in the State Breeders are eligible for annual award payments based on horse performance.

MN-breds are eligible for bonuses and six-figure stakes races. mnbreedersfund.com 952-496-7950

NAT full page ad.indd 1

1/31/2022 9:14:42 AM

| STATE BREEDING AND RACING INCENTIVES |

NEW YORK

BREEDERS AWARDS: New York-Sired* Award (Percent of Purse Money Earned) - First Place 30% / Second Place 15% / Third Place 15%. Cap per Award $40,000 Non-New York-Sired* Award (Percent of Purse Money Earned) - First Place 15% / Second Place 7.5% / Third Place 7.5%.

Cap per Award $20,000 OWNERS AWARDS: For all open-company races in New York State with a minimum claiming price of $30,000, there are two tiers of owner awards: New York-Sired* Award (Percent of Purse Money Earned) - First through Third Place 20%. Cap per Award $20,000 Non-New York-Sired* Award (Percent of Purse Money Earned) - First through Third Place 10%. Cap per Award $20,000 STALLION AWARDS: These awards are paid to owners of registered New York-based (at the time of conception) covering stallions. Please note that only New York-bred progeny of New York-based stallions are eligible to earn stallion owner awards.

Stallion owner awards have been increased to 10% of purses earned from finishes in first through third place. All stallion owner awards are capped at $10,000 per horse, per race.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: None REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 1,549 WORTH NOTING: *A New York-sired New York-bred is sired by a registered New York stallion. A non-New York-sired New York-bred is sired by an out-of-state stallion or an unregistered New York stallion.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Tracy Egan t: (518) 388-0174 e: tegan@nybreds.com w: NYBreds.com

OHIO

BREEDERS AWARDS: $2,286,473 OWNERS AWARDS: None STALLION AWARDS: $583,380 RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: None REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 365 WORTH NOTING: In 2022 approximately $9,000,000 is budgeted for the Ohio Thoroughbred Race Fund for breeder awards, the Stakes Program and supplemented purse money for Ohio Registered Foals and Accredited Registered Foals.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Kim Rinker t: (614) 779-0269 e: kim.rinker@racing.ohio.gov w: racingohio.net

OKLAHOMA

WORTH NOTING: Total horses registered 115,000. Paid over 30 million total to Race Stock Owners, Breeders and Stallion Owners.

WEBSITE: TRAO racing.com FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Danielle Barber t: (405) 427-8753 e: Dbarber@traoracing.com w: ohrc.ok.gov

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ONTARIO

BREEDERS AWARDS: In 2022 the Ontario Racing Thoroughbred Improvement Program will offer more than $5.3 million in Breeders Awards to the breeder of record of Registered ONTARIO BRED and ONTARIO SIRED horses racing in Ontario.

The Ontario Sired Reward of Excellence Program will award $200,000 to the ONTARIO SIRED two and three-year-old colts/geldings and fillies with the highest earnings worldwide at year-end.

The awards will be paid to the breeder of record of each age/ sex division leader as follows: 1st place: $25,000, 2nd place: $15,000, 3rd place: $10,000 OWNERS AWARDS: In 2022, more than $3.8 million is available to owners in the form of Ontario Bred Purse Bonuses offered in open races in Ontario. In 2022 the Ontario Bred Purse Bonus is worth an additional 20% of the purse.

STALLION AWARDS: In 2022 the Ontario Racing Thoroughbred Improvement Program will award a total of $320,000 in Stallion Awards to the owner (or lessee) of a recognized ONTARIO SIRE. • $200,000 will be distributed on the basis of points earned by the progeny of the stallion during the calendar year.

Points will be earned in Allowance through Stakes level races run in Ontario and Graded/Group Stakes races in the rest of Canada and worldwide.

• $120,000 will be awarded to the ONTARIO SIRES whose eligible Ontario-conceived progeny achieved the highest North American earnings during the calendar year. The Year-End Top Stallion Awards will be distributed as follows: OP SIRE AWARDS| T 1st - $40,000, 2nd - $25,000, 3rd - $15,000 TOP FIRST CROP ONTARIO SIRE AWARD 1st - 10% of eligible Ontario-conceived progeny earnings (to a cap of $40,000) RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: For 2022, $300,000 in out-of-province Breeders Awards will be paid to all registered ONTARIO BRED winners (1st through 3rd) of Graded and Group Stakes, outside of the province of Ontario, worldwide.

REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 668 WORTH NOTING: In 2022 Ontario breeders will also be able to take advantage of $800,000 in Mare Purse Program and Live Foal incentives. Owners with horses competing in claiming races at both Woodbine and Fort Erie Racetrack will also earn Canadian Thoroughbred Horse Society Sales Credits.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: t: 416-675-3993 X 2633 e: tbprogram@ontarioracing.com w: tip.ontarioracing.com

PENNSYLVANIA

BREEDERS AWARDS: Up to 50% for PA-Sired, Up to 25% non PA-Sired OWNERS AWARDS: Up to 40% STALLION AWARDS: 10.0% RESTRICTED RACES: Yes

| STATE BREEDING AND RACING INCENTIVES |

OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: No WORTH NOTING: PA Day at the Races - PARX $1,000,000 in PA-Bred Purses FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Brian Sanfratello w: pabred.com

TEXAS BREEDERS AWARDS: Percentage of purse money earned for placing 1, 2 or 3 in Texas races; plus breeder bonus for placing 1, 2 or 3 in Texas open company races. Breeder awards for placing 1, 2 or 3 in out-of-state races when there are no live Thoroughbred races in Texas, unless the out-of-state race (when there are no Thoroughbred races in Texas) is a stake worth $50k or more.

OWNERS AWARDS: Percentage of purse money earned for placing 1, 2 or 3 in Texas races; plus owner bonus for placing 1, 2 or 3 in Texas open company races, plus bonus for Texas-sired Texas breds placing 1, 2, or 3 in Texas open company races.

STALLION AWARDS: Percentage of purse money earned for placing 1, 2 or 3 in Texas races.

WASHINGTON BREEDERS AWARDS: Breeders’ Awards allocated to recipients.

Total Breeders’ Awards $182,106.19 - 1st Place 75.00% / 2nd Place 15.00% / 3rd Place 10.00% OWNERS AWARDS: Washington-Bred 1% Owners’ Bonus Awards. Total Owners’ Bonus Awards $307,257.53 STALLION AWARDS: N/A RESTRICTED RACES: Yes OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: N/A FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: e: maindesk@wtboa.com w: washingtonthoroughbred.com

WEST VIRGINIA BREEDERS AWARDS: 14.49% of progeny earnings & supplemental awards.

OWNERS AWARDS: 5.89% of earnings & supplemental awards.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes

STALLION AWARDS: 5.04% of progeny earnings & supplemental awards.

OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: Yes, see “Breeders Awards”.

RESTRICTED RACES: Yes

REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 347

WORTH NOTING: Thoroughbred Development Fund distributions of $4.7 million to breeders, owners and sire owners of accredited WV bred and/or sired horses based on the horses’ annual earnings at Charles Town and Mountaineer Park racetracks.

A minimum of three accredited races are written every day at Charles Town exclusively for registered WV bred and/or sired horses. $740,000 in purses for WV bred and/or sired horses at the West Virginia Breeders Classics held annually on the 2nd Saturday in October. $800,000 in purses are allocated for up to sixteen WV accredited stakes races during the year. Supplemental Purse Awards of up to 10% of the winners share of the purse to the owner, breeder, and/or sire owner of the accredited WV bred and/or sired winner.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Mary Ruyle t: (512) 458-6133 e: maryr@texasthoroughbred.com w: texasthoroughbred.com

VIRGINIA BREEDERS AWARDS: Virginia breeders earn an award for any win in North America including wins at NSA sanctioned steeplechase meets. In 2021 breeders awards were 32% of the winning purse.

OWNERS AWARDS: Owners of Virginia-breds earn a 25% bonus for wins at Mid-Atlantic tracks including NSA sanctioned meets (NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD, WV, VA). Virginia restricted races are excluded.

STALLION AWARDS: Stallion owners earn an award for any offspring’s win in North America. In 2021 stallion awards were 30% of the winning purse.

RESTRICTED RACES: YES, stakes and overnights for VA-bred and VA-certified horses

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Leigh Myzk w: wvtba.com

WYOMING FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: w: wabra.org

OUT OF STATE AWARDS / RACES: No out of state races are planned at this time.

REGISTERED FOALS IN 2020: 100 WORTH NOTING: Developers of Virginia-certified horses earn a 25% bonus for wins at Mid-Atlantic tracks including NSA sanctioned meets (NY, NJ, PA, DE, MD, WV, VA). Virginia restricted races are excluded.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: n: Debbie Easter t: (434) 977-3716 e: Debbie.easter@easterassociates.com w: vabred.org

The information published has been compiled from either breeder organization websites or directly from breeder organizations in good faith. While every effort has been taken to publish accurate information, we strongly recommend that you check with the individual state / province on the eligibility of your stock for racing or breeding purposes. No responsibility is assumed for errors, omissions or any consequences arising from them.

ISSUE 63 TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM

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| VETERINARY |

ANTIMICROBIALS IN AN AGE OF RESISTANCE Jennifer Davis and Professor Celia M. Marr Lewis Smith, Rossdales LLP, Shutterstock

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| ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE |

G

rowing numbers of bacterial and viral infections are resistant to antimicrobial drugs, but no new classes of antibiotics have come on the market for more than 25 years.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria cause at least 700,000 human deaths per year according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Equivalent figures for horses are not available, but where once equine vets would have very rarely encountered antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, in recent years this serious problem is a weekly, if not daily, challenge.

The WHO has for several years now, designated a World Antibiotic Awareness Week each November and joining this effort, British Equine Veterinary Association and its Equine Veterinary Journal put together a group of articles exploring this problem in horses.

For more information please visit: https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ hub/journal/20423306/homepage/sc_ antimicrobials_in_an_age_of_resistance

• How do bacterial populations develop resistance?

Certain types of bacteria are naturally resistant to specific antimicrobials and susceptible to others. Bacteria can develop resistance to antimicrobials in three ways: bacteria, viruses and other microbes, which can develop resistance through genetic mutations or by one species acquiring resistance from another. Widespread antibiotic use has made more bacteria resistant through evolutionary pressure— the “survival of the fittest” principle means that every time antimicrobials are used, susceptible microbes may be killed; but there is a chance that a resistant strain survives the exposure and continues to live and expand. The more antimicrobials are used, the more pressure there is for resistance to develop.

The veterinary field remains a relatively minor contributor to the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, the risk of antimicrobial-resistant determinants traveling between bacteria, animals and humans through the food chain, direct contact and environmental contamination has made the issue of judicious antimicrobial use in the veterinary field important for safeguarding human health. Putting that aside, it is also critical for equine vets, owners and trainers to recognize we need to take action now to limit the increase of antimicrobials directly relevant to horse health.

FIG 1 Fig 1: This mare’s problems began with colic; she underwent surgery to correct a colon torsion (twisted gut). When the gut wall was damaged, bacteria easily spread throughout the body. The mare developed an infection in her surgical incision and in her jugular veins, progressing eventually to uncontrollable infection—resistant to all available antimicrobials with infection of the heart and lungs.

IT IS ALSO CRITICAL FOR EQUINE VETS, OWNERS AND TRAINERS TO RECOGNIZE WE NEED TO TAKE ACTION NOW TO LIMIT THE INCREASE OF ANTIMICROBIALS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO HORSE HEALTH.” • How does antimicrobial resistance impact horse health?

The most significant threat to both human and equine populations is multidrugresistant (MDR) pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli, MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium, and rising MDR strains of Salmonella spp. and Clostridium difficile. In an analysis of 12,695 antibiograms collected from horses in France between 2012-2016, the highest proportion (22.5%) of MDR isolates were S. aureus. Identification of ESBL E. coli strains that are resistant to all available antimicrobial classes has increased markedly in horses. In a sampling of healthy adult horses at 41 premises in France in 2015, 44% of the horses shed MDR E. coli, and 29% of premises

shedding ESBL isolates were found in one third of the equestrian premises. Resistant E. coli strains are also being found in post-surgical patients with increasing frequency.

Of major concern to stud owners, antimicrobial-resistant strains of Rhodococcus equi have been identified in Kentucky in the last decade, and this bacteria can cause devastating pneumonia in foals. Foals that are affected by the resistant strains are unlikely to survive the illness. One of the leading authorities on R.equi pneumonia, Dr. Monica Venner has published several studies showing that foals can recover from small pulmonary abscesses just as quickly without antibiotics, and has pioneered an “identify and monitor” approach rather than “identify and treat.” Venner encourages vets to use ultrasonography to quantify the infected areas within the lung and to use repeat ISSUE 63 TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM

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| VETERINARY |

| ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE |

The goal of spinal surgery for CVCM is to remove the ability of two vertebral bodies to move by fusing the two adjacent bones together.

FIG 2

Fig 2: Rhodococcus equi is a major cause of illness in young foals. It leads to pneumonia and lung abscesses, which in this example has spread through the entire lung. Research from Kentucky shows that antimicrobial resistance is increasingly common in this bacterial species.

study period, and despite increasing awareness of the challenge of antimicrobial resistance, a decreasing proportion of enrofloxacin prescriptions were based on culture and sensitivity results.

• Judicious use of antimicrobials for surgical patients

VETS ARE ALSO ENCOURAGED TO CHOOSE ANTIBIOTICS MORE CAREFULLY, USING LABORATORY RESULTS TO SELECT THE DRUG WHICH WILL TARGET SPECIFIC BACTERIA MOST EFFECTIVELY.” scans, careful clinical monitoring and laboratory tests to monitor recovery.

Antimicrobials are still used in foals, which are more severely affected, but this targeted approach helps minimize drug use.

• What can we do to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance?

The simple answer is stop using antimicrobials in most circumstances except where this is absolutely avoidable.

In training yards, antimicrobials are being over-used for coughing horses.

Many cases are due to viral infection, for which antibiotics will have little effect.

There is also a tendency for trainers to reach for antibiotics rather than focusing on improving air quality and reducing exposure to dust. Many coughing horses will recover without antibiotics, given time.

Although it has not yet been evaluated scientifically, adopting the identify and monitor approach, which is very successful in younger foals, might well translate to horses in training in order to reduce overuse of antimicrobials.

Vets are also encouraged to choose antibiotics more carefully, using laboratory results to select the drug that will target specific bacteria most effectively. The World Health Organization has identified five classes of antimicrobials as being critically important, and therefore reserved,

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antimicrobials in human medicine. The critically important antimicrobials which are used in horses are the cephalosporins (e.g., ceftiofur) and quinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin), and the macrolides, which are mainly used in foals for Rhodococcal pneumonia. WHO and other policymakers and opinion leaders have been urging vets and animal owners to reduce their use of critically important antimicrobials for well over a decade now. Critically important antimicrobials should only be used where there is no alternative, where the disease being treated has serious consequences and where there is laboratory evidence to back up the selection. The British Equine Veterinary Association has produced helpful guidelines and a toolkit, PROTECTME, to help equine vets achieve this.

Antimicrobials are commonly used in the perioperative period. In both human and veterinary medicine, antimicrobial use for surgical prophylaxis has been a target for reducing or eliminating inappropriate antimicrobial administration. The British Equine Veterinary Association recommends administration of penicillin pre- and post-operatively for 24 hours for clean surgeries; penicillin and gentamicin pre- and post-operatively for five days for contaminated surgeries; and penicillin and gentamicin pre- and post-operatively for 10 days for complicated surgeries.

FIG 3

• How well are we addressing this problem?

Disappointingly, in a recent review of prescribing behavior of three “reserved” antimicrobials at first-opinion equine practices in the USA and Canada between 2006-2012 published in Equine Veterinary Journal, only 5% of prescriptions for the reserved antimicrobials enrofloxacin, ceftiofur and clarithromycin were informed by culture and sensitivity testing. There was also an overall trend of increased prescribing of enrofloxacin across the

Fig 3: Faced with a coughing horse, trainers will often pressure their vet to administer antibiotics, hoping this will clear up the problem quickly.

Many respiratory cases will recover without antibiotics, given rest and good ventilation.

| VETERINARY |

| ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE |

Furthermore, for uncomplicated contaminated wounds (e.g., hoof abscesses), antimicrobial therapy is not recommended. A 2018 survey of perioperative antimicrobial use among equine practitioners in Australia revealed that most equine vets selected an appropriate antimicrobial agent. However, the dose of penicillin chosen was often suboptimal, and therapy was frequently prolonged beyond recommendations in all scenarios except for castration.

• Judicious use of antimicrobials through appropriate routes of administration Due to increasing isolation of MDR organisms, research into local therapy of “reserved” classes o f antimicrobials is of interest. Intravenous regional limb perfusion of ceftiofur sodium may be appropriate for septic arthritis but is less clear cut for osteomyelitis.

Oral and rectal administration of antimicrobials are common means to provide cost-effective and convenient treatment options for owners.

FIG 4 Fig 4: Using antimicrobials as effectively as possible helps to reduce their use overall.

For septic arthritis, intravenous regional perfusion of antimicrobials can achieve very high concentrations within a specific limb.

This involves placing a temporary tourniquet to reduce blood flow away from the area while the antimicrobial is injected into a nearby blood vessel. The technique is suitable for some but not all antimicrobial drugs.

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However, these routes of administration can lead to variable absorption and therefore have the potential for subtherapeutic concentrations. Rectal administration of some antimicrobials has been explored in order to provide antimicrobials to horses with diseases that prevent oral administration, such as small intestinal problems or to provide an alternative for horses that find drugs unpalatable and go off their feed. Metronidazole is one of the few drugs for which pharmacokinetic data following rectal administration have been published, but the optimal dosing regimens via this route have yet to be determined.

• Clinical conclusions Given the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria affecting the equine population, judicious use of antimicrobials is necessary. Trainers and vets must work

together to implement this, otherwise before long, we will find we have no effective drugs left. Firstly, in any given situation, we should question whether antibiotics are really necessary.

Appropriate antibiotic selection, as well as choosing the correct dose, frequency, duration and route of administration should all be considered. Veterinarians should encourage culture and sensitivity testing to allow for guided and narrow spectrum therapies whenever possible. It is also important to keep up-to-date with the latest information on drug treatment schedules and be prepared to modify and adapt as new information becomes available. Appropriate antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine will ensure the availability and legal use of antimicrobials remains an option for our equine patients.

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Annie Lambert

Benoit Photos, Eclipse Sportswire

CaliforniacsBoHirschhasalwaysrelishedhorseracing,bu winninglastyearcsBreederscCupFilly&MareSprint(Gr.1) withhishomebred,CeCe,wasficingonthecake.g y goodness, what a thrill,” Hirsch remarked about Ce Ce’s championship. “You talk to people that don’t know anything about horse racing, mention winning a Breeders’ Cup, and they ask what it is. I tell them the best comparison I could give was the Olympics. If you win a Breeders’ Cup race, you’ve pretty much won a gold medal. We won a gold medal last year, and I’m tickled pink.”

Ce Ce, a six-year-old by the late Elusive Quality, accelerated near the top of the Del Mar stretch, overcoming a trio of leaders, including defending champion Gamine, to garner the $1 million purse.

Ridden by Victor Espinosa, it was trainer Michael McCarthy’s second Breeders’ Cup victory.

Hirsch’s love of the sport harkens back to his father, businessman Clement L. Hirsch, who left giant footprints across the racing industry before his death in 2000 at 85. The elder Hirsch was instrumental in co-founding the Oak Tree Racing Association at Santa Anita as well as the current Del Mar Turf Club organization. Ce Ce’s Breeders’ Cup success at Del Mar was homage to Clement.

M

Clement also invested in pedigree lines that continue to produce the likes of Ce Ce. And, Bo’s love of his father and appreciation for the sport to which he introduced him could not be clearer.

“I just love this business; there’s nothing like it, you know?” Bo, 73, asked rhetorically. “It’s a grownup toy store—a wonderful toy store.”

• Founding father Clement Hirsch’s common sense, drive and dry sense of humor no doubt contributed to his success in business and racing. He attended Menlo College near San Francisco during the 1930s.

While still in college, Clement and some friends bought a washed-up Greyhound dog for very little money. The owner was going to euthanize the canine because it was too broken down to race. The boys brought the dog back to good health, ended up racing it and were excited the process culminated with winning some money. That may have been the future horse owner’s first taste of racing, but it was most certainly his catalyst into the business world.

It didn’t take long to figure out the “people person” with street smarts would choose business over school.

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MY FATHER COULD BE DIFFICULT, AND WARREN HAD A MIND OF HIS OWN. I REMEMBER SOMEONE ASKING MY FATHER, ‘HOW DID YOU GUYS STAY TOGETHER SO MANY YEARS? HOW COULD YOU PUT UP WITH WARREN ALL THOSE YEARS?’ HE SAID, ‘I JUST TURNED DOWN MY HEARING AIDE.’” Having learned about caring for dogs with the Greyhound, Clement—who served a stint in the Marines during World War II—realized people, mostly, fed their pets table scraps in that era.

He began selling a meat-based dog food, door-to-door, out of the trunk of his car. The entrepreneur wound up building that effort into Kal Kan Pet Foods, which he ultimately sold to the Mars Corporation that now markets it under their Pedigree label.

BELOW: Breeders’ Cup winner Ce Ce is a third-generation homebred, and Hirsch definitely plans on extending the pedigree line.

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By 1947, Clement decided to invest some of his success into Thoroughbred racing. He hired Robert H. “Red” McDaniel, an established trainer in Northern California. They claimed Blue Reading, a $6,500 outlay, which went on to win 11 stakes, including the 1951 Bing Crosby Handicap, San Diego Handicap and Del Mar Handicap, earning $185,000. From that introduction, Clement was hooked; he owned horses for the rest of his life.

• More horses, same trainer Clement hired Warren Stute to train his horses in 1950—his second and final trainer. Stute remained his trainer until Clement’s death, 50 years later—a feat we may likely never see again.

“My father could be difficult, and Warren had a mind of his own,” Bo pointed out. “I remember someone asking my father, ‘How did you guys stay together so many years? How could you put up with Warren all those years?’ He said, ‘I just turned down my hearing aide.’”

“It worked,” Bo added with a laugh.

The line of bloodstock that Ce Ce hails from began when Clement attended a sale at Hollywood Park in March 1989.

Upon walking in, Mel Stute, Warren’s brother, was bidding on a horse. Mel told his brother’s owner the horse was going over his price range, but that it was worth the money. Clement did make one bid, which dropped the hammer at $50,000.

Hirsch could hardly believe he bought a horse with one wave of his arm, but the result was fortuitous. He had purchased the two-year-old, Magical Mile (J.O. Tobin – Gils Magic, by Magesterial).

The colt won his first out, a maiden special weight, at Hollywood Park just two months later. He broke the track record that day, running the 5-furlongs in :56 2-5, while winning by 7 ½ lengths. He came back in July to win the Hollywood Juvenile Championship Stakes (Gr. 2), ultimately earning $131,000 (7-4-0-1) during his career.

| T H E H I R S C H FA M I LY L E G A C Y |

LEFT: Clement Hirsch (dark jacket), seated alongside his friend and Oak Tree Racing Association co-founder Dr. Jack Robbins and surrounded by other Oak Tree board members.

Pasqual Stakes. He won the Hollywood Gold Cup with the late Alvaro Pineda riding. Rumor has it, Stute tore out a wooden deck in his backyard and replaced it with a swimming pool shortly after the Gold Cup. Pineda was also aboard when Figonero set a world record for 1 1/8 miles while winning the 1969 Del Mar Handicap at Del Mar. “Figonero was a good one,” Bo remembered.

“He ran multiple races in just a few weeks. He won an overnight race, ran third in the American Handicap and came back, ran against (1969 and 1970 co-champion handicap male) Nodouble in the Gold Cup and won the darn thing. They took him back to Chicago in the mud and he didn’t do well, came back here and broke the world record in the Del Mar Handicap.”

“That record lasted about three years until this horse called Secretariat broke it,” he said, chuckling.

• Big ideas

“I remember my father being interviewed once when the horse was really doing well,” Bo recalled. “Someone said, ‘You must be getting Derby fever.’ My father said, ‘No, no, no, that’s not realistic; I wouldn’t think in that area, it’s such a long ways off.’

There was a hesitation, then he said to the guy, ‘But, for what it’s worth, we’re trying to get the name Magical Mile changed to Magical Mile and a Quarter.’”

The Howell S. Wynne family owned Magical Mile’s dam, Gils Magic, a mare with no money earned in only one start. Clement tried more than once to buy the mare, but to no avail. He did, however, show up at the sales every time one of her offspring was offered.

“The next great one was Magical Maiden,” Bo said. “He kept trying to buy Gils Magic, but they wouldn’t sell, so he bought what he could from that line. It built up.”

Magical Maiden (by Lord Avie) was a multiple graded stakes winner of $903,245. She is the second dam on Ce Ce’s pedigree.

Magical Maiden foaled Ce Ce’s dam, Miss Houdini by Belong To Me in February 2000.

Miss Houdini, trained by Warren Stute, only made a total of four starts at two and three, but managed to win the Del Mar Debutante Stakes (Gr. 1) just about six weeks after a successful maiden special weight debut. Her two wins and a second totaled lifetime earnings of $187,600.

Clement and Warren imported Figonero from Argentina in 1969. The four-year-old stallion was already a winner in his homeland, but he made waves in the United States. Figonero ran third to Ack Ack in both the American Handicap and the San

During the late 1940s, Clement got the idea to establish a racetrack in Las Vegas, Nevada.

After acquiring the land and finding investors, Hirsch ran into a multitude of setbacks, which slowed down his project.

Eventually the frustrations ended and they had a racetrack. Hirsch brought in some of his own horses to encourage his friends and others to bring more livestock, according to Bo. “They tried to get it going and it just didn’t work,” the younger Hirsch commented. “(Some local businessmen) offered to buy him out, and he was smart enough to sell. They were only in business for a very short time. I think it was a tough deal there with the heat in the summer and just getting the people to go to the races. They were gamblers, but not racetrackers—a different kind of gambler.”

Hirsch gave Las Vegas a shot and it didn’t work out, but it’s possible his vision was just a little ahead of its time.

By 1968, Clement was securely ensconced in the Thoroughbred industry as a breeder and owner. The businessman had a “never let an idea lay idle’’ mindset; so when he noticed unused calendar dates between the summer meet at Del Mar and Santa Anita’s winter meet, the wheels began turning.

Hirsch organized a meeting with Robert Strub, owner of Santa Anita at the time, Lou Rowan, an owner/breeder; and equine insurance broker, veterinarian Jack Robbins and a few others to discuss options for utilizing Santa Anita on those dark dates.

The organizers were able to get their dates approved, and the Oak Tree Racing Association at Santa Anita had their opening meet the following fall.

“Once they got approval for the dates, they came back to finalize things with Strub,” Bo said. “Jack Robbins told me the story that they’re in a room and Robert Strub looks up and says, ‘You know, if this thing doesn’t work out, it’s going to cost us, Santa Anita, a few million bucks.’ That was a lot of money in ISSUE 63 TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM

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| T H E H I R S C H FA M I LY L E G A C Y |

Clement L. Hirsch

those days. My father said, ‘You’re covered.’ Strub looked at my father and said, ‘You’ve got a deal.’ Then they shook hands, which was the way they did it in those days.”

Pivotal in creating Oak Tree was Clement Hirsch’s concept that the organization be created as a non-profit.

“None of the board members or executives, which were all horsemen, got salaries,” Bo explained. “For the betterment of the horse racing business, they took all that money and put it back into the business and charitable organizations.”

Shortly after the Oak Tree negotiations, Del Mar (owned by the state of California) came up for an operational bid. Clement put together another group of horsemen figuring the non-profit structure would also work for Del Mar. “My father put the (Del Mar Thoroughbred Club) group together and they bid for the track and the racing dates,” recalled Bo. “Nobody could compete with a non-profit organization. It was a great idea and, of course, they got it. The same group runs it today; it’s been a very successful organization. I’d like to see more of this happen in horse racing across the country.”

• Blended family The Hirsch family was an interesting blend of families as Bo was growing up. Clement was married four times, so Bo has full-siblings, half-siblings and step-siblings, which he jokingly calls “a motley group.” He was the only one of those eight kids to take an interest in the racehorses.

“The horse business either gets in your blood or it doesn’t,” Bo opined.

“It got into mine; I just loved it the minute I saw it. My father never encouraged me; he thought I was stupid to get in it.”

“He told me I was going to lose my money,” he added with a laugh.

“But he loved it, and he couldn’t defend himself for being in the horse business in a practical way. He was successful at it, and I know now why he was in it. I’m in it and I understand: It brings you such joy.”

During the mid-1950s, Clement built his CLH Farm in Chatsworth, outside of Los Angeles. He stood several stallions there over the years, with limited success. When he relocated his family to Newport Beach, he moved the farm to Poway in San Diego County.

Bo said he enjoyed the farm as a kid and did his share of shoveling manure and riding ponies, but he always preferred “to hang out on the front side” at the track.

• Similar guys Like his father, Bo, who resides in Pacific Palisades, is a businessman.

After graduating from the University of Southern California, he worked as a stockbroker until the market dropped in 1972; then he began looking for a different career path.

His father had sold the pet food company but retained a pioneering company, Rocking K Foods, which provided portion-controlled meals for hospitals and the like. There was also a cannery there where the company canned foods for the government to send to the troops in Vietnam.

Out of the blue, Bill Gray, president of the company who ran the operation for the retired Clement, asked Bo if he’d consider leaving the brokerage firm to work for him in sales and marketing. Bo replied, “When do you want me to start?”

After a short scrimmage with his father over his qualifications regarding a job in the food industry, Bo settled into the job. He ultimately developed the Stagg Chili food lines, which he later sold to Hormel.

“My father always wanted to make sure you knew what you were doing,” Bo explained. “He wanted to make sure you heard both sides of a story, to be sure you were doing what you wanted to do and the right thing to do. He’d always challenge you, take the other side to challenge you and make sure you believed in what you were doing.

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MY FATHER ALWAYS WANTED TO MAKE SURE YOU KNEW WHAT YOU WERE DOING.” Bo Hirsch

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ISSUE 63 TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM

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Ce Ce, ridden by Victor Espinoza, wins the Breeders’ Cup Filly & Mare Sprint at the Del Mar Thoroughbred Club, 2021.

IF THERE IS A TRAINER THAT IS A HARDER WORKER THAN MICHAEL McCARTHY, THEY’RE LIVING ON A DAY THAT IS LONGER THAN 24 HOURS.” “He did it at home with his kids, too. It was a wonderful lesson to learn to get all the facts before you start making decisions— get in there and figure it out. That was just the kind of guy he was and why he was so successful in all the things he ever did.”

Clement’s energy and unique personality lent itself to memorable stories remembered by those who knew him.

“Alan Balch (now executive director of California Thoroughbred Trainers Association) told me the story of Fred Ryan (an executive at Santa Anita at the time) being in a heated phone conversation,” Bo recalled with a chuckle. “Ryan slammed the phone down and, looking at Alan, said, ‘That damn Clement Hirsch—he’d kick a hornet’s nest open just to get a reaction!’”

When Clement passed away, his son stepped up to continue developing the pedigrees his father had been procuring. Miss Houdini, now 22, was foaled just prior to Clement’s death, but greatly enriched her family tree.

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ABOVE: A pair of Bo’s celebrate Ce Ce’s Breeders’ Cup victory.

“I started with Warren Stute,” said Bo, regarding his racing stable.

“When (Warren) passed, I went to his nephew, Gary Stute—Mel Stute’s son. I still have horses with him. Gary’s a good horseman and we’ve done well; plus, he’s a lot of fun. He’s my cigar smoking partner.”

“I’ve had as many as four trainers at one time, just trying to feel things out. I liked them all, but I don’t think it’s the best way to go in the long run, at least not for me.”

Bo sent horses to Michael McCarthy on a recommendation from Michael Wellman, a long-time California owner/breeder.

“If there is a trainer that is a harder worker than Michael McCarthy, they’re living on a day that is longer than 24 hours,” Bo said. “He just works night and day; it’s his life.”

| T H E H I R S C H FA M I LY L E G A C Y |

• Anticipating greatness Miss Houdini has obviously been a wonderful producer for Hirsch.

Her current honor roll offspring, Ce Ce, has won eight of her 16 starts, earning $1,753,100 through last year’s aforementioned Breeders’ Cup win. The mare has captured additional group races including the Beholder Mile (Gr. 1), Apple Blossom Handicap (Gr. 1), Princess Rooney (Gr. 2) and the Chillingsworth Stakes (Gr. 3).

Miss Houdini foaled a colt in 2006, Papa Clem—a Kentuckybred by Smart Strike trained by Gary Stute, which also made his dam proud. Papa Clem broke his maiden at two on his third try. At three, he went on to win the Arkansas Derby (Gr, 2) and finished his career as a four-year-old by winning the San Fernando Stakes (Gr. 2). Between those Gr. 2 races, however, Papa Clem contested two legs of the Triple Crown. “(Papa Clem) ran fourth in the Derby; he just got beat a head for second,” Bo recalled. “He was sandwiched between Pioneerof The Nile and Musket Man, and there was some bumping. We ran him in the Preakness and probably shouldn’t have. He just looked dead to me in the barn. He was usually jumping around, and he wasn’t. I think he ran sixth. We gave him some time off prior to the San Fernando and then retired him to stud.”

Bo has seven mares in his arsenal. Stradella Road (Elusive Quality) is a full sister to Ce Ce. She was a winner at three and four, ran third in the Lady Shamrock Stakes and has lifetime earnings of $130,169.

The stakes-placed Magical Victory (Victory Gallop), earner of $66,928, also resides in Bo’s broodmare band. She produced Hot Springs (Uncle Mo), a winner of five races and $272,343 including the Commonwealth Turf Stakes (Gr. 3).

BELOW: Hirsch and connections celebrate Ce Ce’s Breeders’ Cup triumph.

Unraced Mama Maxine, named after Bo’s mother, is the dam of Ready Intaglio (Indygo Shiner) that won seven races, earning $197,418 while winning seven races, including the Canadian Derby (Gr. 3). She also foaled the stakes-placed Mama Said No (Exaggerator). Mama Maxine will be bred to California sire Grazen (Benchmark) this year.

“I always want to keep involved in California,” Bo said. “They have a good program to get you to breed here. I’m going to bring Mama Maxine out here; she’s a nice mare from the family. The other six will stay in Kentucky. I have a two-year-old now, four yearlings; and in the next couple of months, we’ll have a few more. They do add up.”

All the people involved with his racing operations are appreciated

by Hirsch. Those in Kentucky include Kathy Berkey at Berkey Bloodstock. His mares reside at Columbiana Farm in Paris, while Rimroc Farm in Lexington starts his babies. Some go into advanced lessons with Bryan “Scooter” Hughes as they progress.

When he has a layup or mares in California, they go to Rancho Temescal, north of Los Angeles.

The Hirsch passion for the Thoroughbred racing and breeding industry is multigenerational. His wife Candy enjoys going to the races and spending time with the horses at the barns. Their daughter Hayley, 29, was excited when Dad named an auction purchase after her: Hayley Levade (Dialed In). The thus unraced three-year-old is training with Stute for her debut.

“Horses are great animals, and this business makes you get up in the morning and keeps you going,” Bo said with a smile.

“It’s a wonderful thing to be in the racing business and have this opportunity and the thrills you get. Anticipation is the name of the game. You look and you dream about this and that… I’ve been very lucky.”

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GRADE D STA KE S WI NN ING OWNE RS 58

TRAINERMAGAZINE.COM ISSUE 63

FRANK DI GIULIO JR. FOUNDER OF ENTOURAGE STABLE PINK LLOYD

T

he words “Patience” and “Thoroughbred” don’t belong in the same sentence, but prominent Canadian owner, breeder and industry leader Frank Di Giulio Jr., has it ingrained. His father, a life-long racing fan, waited until he was 71 to buy his first Thoroughbred, Truganini, on April 1, 1981 at Greenwood. “He was a fouryear-old, $5,000 maiden claimer,” Frank Jr. said. “He won the day he claimed him, won his next two starts and got claimed for $7,500. My dad was mad when he got claimed.”

He shouldn’t have been. Truganini never won again, losing his final 21 starts.

Five years later, Frank Jr. got his first horse at half his father’s age when he teamed with his father to claim Sacred Rite for $6,260 on October 24, 1986. The Di Giulios had to wait 5 ½ months for Sacred Rite to locate the winner’s circle at Woodbine by a head. “The first win—it was great,” Frank Jr., now 60, said. “I remember

Bill Heller

Dave Landry Photography

| G R A D E D S TA K E S W I N N I N G O W N E R S |

dreaming about horses when I was a kid. As a teen, looking at claimers I couldn’t afford, I always wanted to name my own horse. You can’t do that when you claim one.”

This one they claimed, Sacred Rite, mirrored Truganini’s career, losing his final 16 starts. He was claimed away from the Di Giulios for $6,250, then lost his final 12 races.

The lack of success didn’t faze Frank Sr. who had emigrated to Toronto (Canada) in 1923. “He was originally a barber, then got into real estate,” Frank Jr. said. “He loved going to the track with his buddies. That rubbed off on me. I went to the track for the first time when I was 10.”

HE LOVED GOING TO THE TRACK WITH HIS BUDDIES. THAT RUBBED OFF ON ME. I WENT TO THE TRACK FOR THE FIRST TIME WHEN I WAS 10.”

FRANK ON FRANK SR’S LOVE OF RACING

Frank, now 60, followed his father into the property management business and became one of the most successful Canadian owners and breeders. He has served as a director of the Ontario Division of the Canadian Thoroughbred Horse Society the last 26 years, and was named one of the “Top 25 Influencers in Canadian Thoroughbred Racing 2020,” by Canadian Thoroughbred magazine.

Four-and-a-half decades later, Frank Jr. and his four partners in Entourage Stable purchased a yearling for $30,000. Frank Jr. had the opportunity to name this yearling, but it was one of his partners, Ed Longo, who came up with the name of Pink Lloyd, taken from the character Lloyd on the TV show “Entourage” and the rock band, Pink Floyd.

BELOW: Pink Lloyd winning the 2017 Kenora Stakes at Woodbine, a race he would go on to win again in 2018 and 2019.

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Pink Lloyd looked like he had a lot of talent but couldn’t make it into the starting gate. He would require a ton of patience.

“That was frustrating,” Pink Lloyd’s Canadian Hall of Fame trainer Bob Tiller said. “It was one thing after another. He came up lame as a yearling. We had to stop with him all the time.

A hock. A bad shin as a three-year-old. Dead lame. We had to give him enough time to get over that. Then he had a muscle issue behind.

“I always believe in stopping with a horse when he has an issue.

We knew he could run. When he worked, all he wanted to do was run by horses. He just loved chasing horses and going by them.”

Tiller dearly wanted to see this promising horse make it to the track. “I had the right owners to let me be patient. I’ve trained exclusively for the Di Giulios for 40 years. I started with his dad.

They’re wonderful people. The management of this horse was outstanding.”

Waiting wasn’t easy for Frank Jr. “It was a frustrating thing,” he said. “He’d work a couple times. Something came up. Go to the farm. Come back. Nagging things, pulled muscle behind, a shin. All different things. Bob always really liked him. He didn’t run until late August in his four-year-old year. I never looked forward to a first start more than that with him.”

Man, was he worth the wait. This remarkable gelding won his first start in a sparkling 1:09 at Woodbine on the way to a threerace win streak to begin his career. Five years later, he finished his career with a three-race winning streak, taking his finale in the Gr. 2 Kennedy Road Stakes at Woodbine in 1:08 4/5. In between, he had an 11-race winning streak, which led him to be named 2017 Canadian Horse of the Year, and another five-race win streak.

“It’ll be another 100 years before you see another one like him—as good at 9 as he was at 4,” Tiller said.

Pink Lloyd had three victories, a second and a third in five starts in the Kennedy Road Stakes. He had four victories and one second in five tries in the Gr. 3 Vigil Stakes; and he posted three victories, including a track record and one second in four appearances in the Gr. 3 Jacques Cartier Stakes.

His final numbers were 29 victories, including 26 stakes, three seconds and two thirds in 37 races and earnings of $1,884,584. All but his first three career starts were in stakes.

He never competed in the Breeders’ Cup, never raced in a Gr. 1 and never raced out of Canada. “He liked it here,” Frank Jr. said. “He was kind of high strung when he was younger. He had a special stall lined in rubber because he liked to kick. There were a lot of people saying, ‘Run him in the U.S. and try the Breeders’ Cup Sprint. I said, ‘No.’ We were never really tempted. It paid off with six years of racing. It was all at the highest level.”

I HAD THE RIGHT OWNERS TO LET ME BE PATIENT. I’VE TRAINED EXCLUSIVELY FOR THE DI GIULIOS FOR 40 YEARS. I STARTED WITH HIS DAD. THEY’RE WONDERFUL PEOPLE. THE MANAGEMENT OF THIS HORSE WAS OUTSTANDING.” BOB TILLER

Frank Jr. and Pink Lloyd connections with trainer Bob Tiller (far right) at Woodbbine.

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| GRADED STAKES WINNING OWNERS |

Jockeys wearing

SPEED SILKS

®

have won

10 OF THE LAST 18 Triple Crown Races

ABOVE: Racing has always been a family affair for Frank Jr. pictured here with wife Jennifer and children Luke and Olivia.

ABOVE: Bob Tiller with stable star Pink Lloyd.

Along the way, Pink Lloyd was dubbed “The People’s Horse.”

“I think people really liked him,” Frank Jr. said. “I do believe he had a fanbase. People did cheer for him.”

They could have cheered for his connections. “He retired sound,” Frank Jr. said. “He could have run this year.”

Frank Jr. was delighted to share Pink Lloyd’s career with his two children, 27-year-old Olivia, a teacher, and 24-yearold Luke, a financial analyst.

The Di Giulio’s decided to share Pink Lloyd’s retirement with the public, sending him to the LongRun Thoroughbred Retirement Society in Erin, Ontario—the home of more than 50 retired Thoroughbreds. He was treated like a rock star when he arrived there December 8th. The farm’s manager, Lauren Millet-Simpson, said, “The second he walked off the trailer, he struck a pose. He’s a true professional. It will be cool to work with a horse like that.”

Frank Jr. said, “It’s great for us because we’re fairly close, and it’s a good draw for them. It’s a win-win for everybody.”

Asked in early January how much he misses Pink Lloyd, Frank Jr. said, “Right now, it’s just the off-season. He wouldn’t have been running. I’ll miss him a lot more once the season starts. He was a once-in-a-lifetime.”

Thanks to his patient handling.

Speed Silks® brand jockey silks are the only colors in the world made with patented Aero Dimplex® fabric, uniquely textured to reduce drag. pics by ©Coady Photography

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Calvin Nguyen

CALVIN NGUYEN BOB AND JACKIE

C

alvin Nguyen grew up around animals on a farm in Vietnam. “I hung around the farm with livestock, but we didn’t have any horses,” he said. He would.

During the Vietnam War, Calvin’s father—a very religious Catholic—was a high-ranking officer working with the American forces stationed in Guam. “When he realized the South (Vietnam) was losing, he captained a ship to go back and get my mom and us,” Calvin said. “That’s how he was captured. He tried to get his family out. He was in prison for 10 years.”

Though he was only a child with three siblings, he felt the pressure of daily life of his family after Saigon fell, ending the war. “Vietnam was an oppressive country,” he said. “It was a Communist country, so my mom had arranged for us to get out for a better future.”

She did, but it took years.

Calvin’s mother tried to visit her husband. “She was denied many times,” Calvin said. “He was moved around a lot. She didn’t know if he was alive. Five, six years after his capture, she was allowed to visit him. He was in a labor camp. They tried to reeducate him to be a Communist.”

His father resisted.

Calvin was eight when his family came to America without Calvin’s imprisoned father. “The U.S. Catholic Church sponsored us, and we lived in Tallahassee, Florida,” Calvin said. “Then my uncle found out we had relatives in Southern California.” They settled in Anaheim.

Back in Vietnam, Calvin’s father’s health deteriorated so badly, they thought he was going to die. “They released him in 1985,” Calvin said. “He didn’t come to the U.S. for another five years.”

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When he did, his health returned. “Miraculously, he recovered,” Calvin said.

Calvin had seen pictures of his father, but meeting him was a whole different experience. “It was awkward,” Calvin said. “I really didn’t know him. I didn’t know who he was. I grew up in America and culturally, I was into certain things. My father was very religious. He had an interesting life. I was grateful to spend 30 years with him. He passed away a couple years ago. He was almost 80.”

Calvin attended Western High School in Anaheim, and was two years ahead of classmate Tiger Woods. “I got to meet him,” Calvin said. “My best friend in high school was on the golf team. I don’t know if he remembers me. He was already a known figure.”

In Calvin’s senior year, he and a friend, Scott, wanted to go out on Friday night to see a California Angels’ game and watch one of the greatest pitchers of all-time, Nolan Ryan. “He was on his farewell tour,” Calvin said. “I was a big baseball fan,” Calvin said.

“I loved Nolan Ryan.”

He had to love him from afar. The game sold out. “And back then, the Angels never sold out,” Calvin said.

Now what? Scott said, “Let’s go to the racetrack.” Los Alamitos was just a few miles away. Calvin, who had never been to a track,

Benoit Photos, Eclipse Sportswire

was mesmerized: “I saw the horses. I saw the attention. A lot of people attended the races then. The roaring of the crowd, the disappointment when your horse lost, a lot of emotion. These majestic animals. I fell in love right there. I just fully enjoyed it. I liked all sports, boxing, basketball, football. Seeing these horses—they are so majestic in how they move.”

Owning a horse seemed highly unlikely. “I was 18. I grew up poor. But you dream.”

Calvin pursued his education, graduating from UCLA with a degree in economics and accounting. He considered becoming a doctor: “My intention was to go back to school and get my Master’s, but I never did it. I worked in insurance and in finance.

I was just trying to find my way—something I was interested in.”

A single conversation changed his life. “I met a client who was buying nutrition products from Price Club and shipping it to China,” Calvin said. “I said, ‘You’re buying retail, and you can make money?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ I said, ‘What if I can source it out for you?’ He was buying 5,000 bottles of Vitamin C. I reached out to the manufacturer, and this guy’s volume was so high, they would deal directly with me. I was able to do that. If he was paying $10, I could get it for $6 and sell it to him for $7 or $8. Then I said, ‘What if we start making our products?’ We started to make products.”

Calvin founded and now serves as CEO of GMP Products, more than 25 years later. “I enjoy it, using my college tools and dealing with people,” he said. “It’s given me a good life.”

And disposable income.

Calvin was back at Los Alamitos, hanging out with George Baltas, whose brother Richie trains. When Calvin mentioned possibly buying a horse, George said, “You should talk to my brother.”

Calvin did, and on June 10, 1999, Calvin and Richie claimed a maiden, Freedom Crest, for $32,000. The gelding was second by a neck that day, then finished 5th, 10th, 2nd and 3rd before winning a maiden $40,000 claimer. He was on his way to 13 consecutive finishes in the money, capped by a three-length victory in the Gr. 2 San Pasqual Handicap, June 7, 2001.

After Freedom Crest won the Gr. 2 Goodwood Breeders’ Cup Handicap, Freedom Crest shipped to Belmont Park to contest the Gr. 1 Breeders’ Cup Classic. He was 13th by 33 lengths to two-time Horse of the Year Tiznow. Freedom Crest finished his career seven-for-31, eight seconds, four thirds and nearly $650,000 in earnings—not bad for a maiden $32,000 claimer.

ABOBVE: Bob and Jackie with jockey Jose Valdivia Jr. after winning the 2021 San Gabriel Stakes on opening day at Santa Anita Park.

Richie took a 4 ½ year hiatus from training on his own from 2008 through the middle of 2012. When he returned, the trainer who had Calvin’s horses, James Kasparoff, decided to take a job with Santa Anita. He’s now the stakes director there. Calvin reunited with Richie. “We got back together,” Richie said. “He’s pretty loyal, which I love about him. We got back together, and he’s spending a lot of money.”

Idol was worth his yearling purchase price of $375,000. Now five, Idol finished second by a half-length in the 2020 Gr. 2 San Antonio Stakes, then third in the Gr. 2 San Pasqual. Then, on March 7, 2021, Idol won the Gr. 1 Santa Anita Handicap by a half-length.

“It was a surreal moment,” Calvin said. “To win that type of race was an incredible feeling. I hadn’t been to a racetrack in more than a year because of COVID. That was the first weekend they allowed owners to attend. No fans. My wife and two daughters were there. They made it more special. I still can’t believe it.”

Idol was training for last year’s Breeders’ Cup Classic when he strained a muscle in his butt. “We couldn’t put him like that in that kind of a race,” Calvin said. “We decided to give him time off. He started galloping two weeks ago.”

His absence was eased by Bob and Jackie—a $195,000 purchase who made an auspicious first dirt start last December 26th, capturing the Gr. 2 San Gabriel when it came off the turf. On grass, he had finished fourth, third and second in a Gr. 2 stakes and second in a Gr. 3.

Idol and Bob and Jackie are the stars of Calvin’s 12-horse stable. When asked his goals, he said, “Just to have fun, (we) try to compete at the highest level. We don’t win all the time, but it’s what I like to do.

Hopefully, we have another moment like Idol winning the Big Cap. That’s what you’re in this for. It’s indescribable.”

LEFT: Calvin, connections and trainer Richie Baltas (far right) after Bob and Jackie’s San Gabriel win.

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| PROFILES |

FRANK FLETCHER JR. LADY ROCKET

H

ow can you not like owner Frank Fletcher Jr., a man who names all of his Thoroughbreds for his dog Rocket? Especially when one of them, Lady Rocket, whom he owns with Ten Strike Racing, takes off at Aqueduct December 4th, winning the Gr. 3 Go for Wand Stakes by nine lengths. That was another thrill for Frank Fletcher, whose whole life has been thrills, successes and philanthropy.

When you marry the captain of the cheerleaders, work for and with Sam Walton, the founder of Walmart, and count your fraternity brother at the University of Arkansas, Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones as a close friend, you know you’ve done well in life. The fact that he is a major contributor to Toys for Tots, Easter Seals and the Make-A-Wish Foundation tells you all you need to know of his character.

He has prospered in restaurants, automobile dealerships, hotels and horses, frequently working like a dog to achieve success. He’s not averse to taking chances. Hell, he got into trouble with his father once for piloting his Cessna 172 plane without permission. He was 14.

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“The successful entrepreneurs are the people willing to take risks,” he said in a 2013 interview.

Maybe it’s because people took a risk with him, adopting him as a baby in Little Rock. He was raised as an only child and has spent an entire lifetime making his parents proud.

Before he was a big man in business, Frank was a big guy in the seventh grade: six-feet-four. He helped his basketball team win a state championship and also played football until the 10th grade when he had three teeth knocked out in practice.

By then, he’d already set a rigorous work pattern, working in a cotton gin after school and on weekends.

He hit it off with Judy Hamm, the captain of the Pine Bluff High School cheerleading squad, when he let her borrow his car to ride in a parade. They married and have two children, Chris and Jerilynn and three grandsons, Jacob, Sam and Adam.

At the University of Arkansas, Frank joined the Kappa Sigma fraternity and met Jones, who would later lead him into owning Thoroughbreds.

Fletcher served in the Army Reserves, then took two jobs, working at a bank from 8 to 5, and then at a pizza place from 5:30 to midnight.

Then Frank landed a job selling paint for DuPont, which led him to Sam Walton. Frank tried selling him 300 gallons of paint, and he only wanted 50. He said it was too costly. Frank called headquarters, and they agreed to let Walton have four months to pay. That did it.

Two years later, Walton made Frank a manufacturer’s representative. Like everything else in his life, he went full throttle, arriving at 5:30 a.m. and working until 9 p.m.

Coglianese Photos, Dom Napolitano, Joe Labozzetta, Joe DiOrio/WinningImages.biz

Frank Fletcher Jr.

Lady Rocket winning the 2021 Pumpkin Pie Stakes at Belmont.

Everything was great until Walmart decided to deal with manufacturers directly instead of through reps. Walton suggested Frank start manufacturing products Walmart would buy, and that’s exactly what Frank did. He rented a garage and began making lamps.

His success doing that led him to getting involved with a breakfast investment club, a Hilton hotel in North Little Rock and, ultimately, car dealerships. Fletcher Auto Group now has 10 dealerships in Arkansas and Missouri.

When Jones bought the Cowboys, Frank started traveling frequently to Dallas. He said Jones convinced him to bet $2,000 to win on a Thoroughbred that Jones owned. The horse finished fourth. Frank kept the faith, bet on the horse again, and he won.

“I was hooked,” he said.

He initially hired Bob Holthus to train his horses, and he won his first race with Boss Man Rocket in 1989. He had subsequent

success with Son of Rocket, who was third in the 2001 Gr. 1 Arkansas Derby, Rocket Twentyone, who won the 2013 Gr. 3 Arlington Washington Lassie, and Frank’s Rockette, who captured three straight graded stakes in 2020: the Gr. 3 Victory Ride, Gr. 2 Prioress and Gr. 2 Gallant Bloom Handicap.

His long list of awards includes the 2011 Sales and Marketing Executive International Arkansas Top Manager of the Year. In 2013, he was inducted into the Walton Business Hall of Fame at the University of Arkansas. Three years later, he was presented with the university’s Distinguished Alumni Award.

With Jerry Jones, Frank founded the Students Acquiring Knowledge through Experience program at the Sam Walton College, which provides college students with real-life, handson experience with businesses. It’s a head start for the students’ careers and cements Frank’s contributions to the American dream, the one he lived.

Lady Rocket winning the Gr. 3 Go for Wand Stakes by nine lengths at Aqueduct.

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Easley / Nout-Lomas / Pezzanite / Seim

Alamy, Shutterstock

“WOBBLER” HORSES

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| WOBBLER SYNDROME |

Wobbler syndrome, also known as cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy (CVCM), is the most common cause of neurological disease in horses and affects many breeds. Although numerous spinal surgeries are performed on humans, this is the only condition of the spinal cord for which surgery in horses is often performed.

W

obbler syndrome involves compression of the spinal cord due to narrowing or abnormal development of the spine in the neck, which results in neurologic deficits—specifically ataxia. Ataxia is a term used by veterinarians to describe incoordination and inability of an animal to properly place their legs and maintain balance when they are standing and walking.

It is easy, therefore, to see why horsemen describe CVCM horses as “wobblers.” CVCM has been described in many breeds, and it was estimated to affect up to 3% of Thoroughbreds in one UK study. There is a high prevalence in young male horses, and these horses comprise 75 to 80% of cases. The condition negatively affects athletic performance, and up to 2/3 of horses diagnosed with CVCM are euthanized due to severity of the ataxia or perceived poor response to therapy and subsequent loss of use of the horse.

Treatment recommendations are controversial due to the fear that horses cannot recover function when diagnosed with this condition, as well as concerns regarding the cost of treatment, its invasiveness and complications associated with current surgical procedures.

Cranium Eye Socket

Also, at the current time, it is still very unlikely a veterinarian can accurately predict the degree of improvement and prognosis for a specific horse undergoing treatment. Furthermore, veterinarians do not always agree among themselves how severe the ataxia is, which makes it even more difficult to measure improvement following treatment and compare treatments. Despite these concerns, there are many horses that do improve and return to athletic use after neck spinal surgery.

• What are the current options for spinal surgery?

The goal of spinal surgery for CVCM is to remove the ability of two vertebral bodies to move by fusing the two adjacent bones together. The result is that over time, the two bones and joints will change in configuration, the fused bones shrink and more space becomes available for the spinal cord. By removing the compression of the spinal cord, neurological function improves. Current surgical treatments for CVCM include methods for ventral interbody fusion: kerf cut cylinders and ventrally placed locking compression plate and dorsal laminectomy (the top portion of the vertebral body is removed entirely to reduce any compression on the spinal cord).

Skeletal system of Equus Caballus

Cervical (neck) Vertebrae

Malar (cheek) Bone Nasal Bone

Thoracic (chest) Vertebrae

Pelvis

Infraorbital foramen

Sacral (pelvic) Vertebrae

Lumbar (loin) Vertebrae

Incisive Mandible (lower jaw)

Teeth

Coccygeal (tail) Vertebrae

Facial crest Scapula (shoulder blade)

Spine of scapula Humerus Femur Ribcage Ulna

Patella (knee cap) Tibia

Radius

Fibula Calcaneus (fibular tarsal)

Carpus (knee)

Metacarpal (cannon) Bone Long Pastern Bone Short Pastern Bone Coffin Bone

Talus (tibial tarsal bone) Sesamoid (fetlock) Bones

Metatarsal (cannon) Bone

Tarsus

Long Pastern Bone Short Pastern Bone Coffin Bone

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The goal of spinal surgery for CVCM is to remove the ability of two vertebral bodies to move by fusing the two adjacent bones together.

Fusion with using the kerf cut cylinder remains the most commonly performed surgical procedure for cervical stabilization, but this does not provide stability when the spine is in extension. Locking compression plate technologies are difficult to apply due to the shape of the vertebral body and limited flexibility in placement of the fusion construct and the associated screws. Despite great advancements in equine surgery over the past years, these surgical methods for equine cervical stabilization require specialized equipment and extensive surgeon experience and still have a high risk of complications, including implant migration or failure and vertebral fracture with a high chance of associated horse fatality.

• Recent developments in spinal surgery Because CVCM is relatively common and there is huge interest in returning affected horses to athletic function, there is a demand to develop surgical techniques that are less technically challenging while reducing complications associated with surgery to safely return horses affected by CVCM to their intended use. Overall, there remains room for improvement in surgical treatment of CVCM to both increase biomechanical stability and reduce complications associated with implant placement.

• A new technique for spinal surgery In a recent pilot study by our group at the PreClinical Surgical Research Laboratory at Colorado State University (Fort Collins, CO), a new technique using advanced surgical implants known as pedicle screws and connecting rods with an interbody fusion device (IFD) were evaluated as an alternative to current

techniques for cervical fusion in horses. The idea to use these novel implants came from human surgery, where interbody fusion devices are considered the standard technique for lumbar spine fusion in people, resulting in improved success rates in neurologic function and return to activity. The IFD device was evaluated initially in four horses, showing that the construct integrated with surrounding bone within eight months and did not result in any severe complications, such as implant failure, migration or fracture (as has been reported with other techniques).

In addition, we noted that the polyaxial pedicle screw head allowed for increased screw placement options compared to previously described techniques. In particular, this is an improvement compared to the locking compression plate technology, which is limited by the conformation of the ventral keel of the cervical vertebrae. The results obtained in this pilot study prompted further investigation of polyaxial pedicle screw and rod technology in equine patients clinically affected by CVCM.

• The Colorado team’s results We found 10 horses at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital that were diagnosed with Wobbler syndrome based on examination and diagnostic imaging including x-rays, myelogram, and CT scan. The owners of the horses approved to have them undergo this new surgery with placement of the IFD and polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct. The 10 horses were closely followed, and clinical outcomes and owner reports were recorded and described in our recent publication in Equine Veterinary Journal.

FIG 1

Fig 1: Drawing of polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct with screws placed on right and left side of ventral keel and placement of a porous metal interbody fusion device in situ.

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| WOBBLER SYNDROME |

FIG 2

The breeds of horses treated included warmbloods, Tennessee Walkers, Arabians and Quarter Horses. No horses in this case population were intended as racehorses. The median age of horses at the time of surgery was two years (24 months, range 12-168). Male horses were overrepresented as is typical for CVCM, with four geldings, four stallions and two mares treated.

Preoperative grade of ataxia ranged from 1 to 3 out of 5 based on the Modified Mayhew neurological grading scale. Surgical fusion was performed at one site in three horses and two sites in seven horses. In 6 out of 8 horses with ≥1-year follow-up, ataxia improved by 1–3 grades, with an average improvement of 1.25 grades. In four horses, ataxia improved to grade 0 (normal) or 1 (mild ataxia). In two horses, the gait was unaffected, but neck comfort improved according to owner follow-up. There were no fatal complications associated with the placement of implants.

Complications encountered included swelling around the incision site (seroma), pain and fever. Although we found more serious complications including screw breakage in two horses, a vertebral fracture in one horse, and implant infection in one horse, none of these horses required additional surgical procedures to remove the implants. Two horses were euthanized within the first year after surgery. In one horse with severe neurological deficits preoperatively, surgery did not result in improvement of signs; and the horse was euthanized at six weeks postoperatively. The second horse developed upper respiratory tract obstruction immediately following general anesthesia and was euthanized at the time.

Long-term follow-up with owners was performed by phone and survey consultation. All eight owners, for which at least one year follow-up after surgery was available, reported that their horse’s clinical signs and quality of life were improved; and for all horses, the level of exercise was increased since surgery. Five horses were being ridden at the time of follow-up, and one additional juvenile horse was beginning training.

All four horses that had been ridden before surgery had improved under saddle. Overall, owner satisfaction with the procedure was reported as excellent in five cases or good in two cases, with one owner not responding to the question. All eight owners reported that they were overall positive about the procedure and would recommend this surgery to other horse owners in the future.

This new surgical technique to treat horses with Wobbler syndrome resulted in at least one grade of gait improvement in 6/10 cases and 6/8 cases for which ≥1-year follow-up was

Fig 2: Postoperative radiograph (x-ray) showing interbody fusion device in the vertebral disk space with the spinal unit stabilized with pedicle screws and connecting rods.

available, which is a similar result when compared to other methods. Advantages of this surgical procedure over others to treat this syndrome in horses include that this technique requires less bone removal from the vertebral column and that the implant itself (polyaxial screw head) may be more easily applied to the vertebral body, as its shape can be varied and so can be tailored to each individual horse. Importantly, this technique offers greater stability in two planes (tension and compression), which is not provided by other techniques such as the Bagby basket or kerf cut cylinder. There were no fatal complications related to implant placement in this procedure. This is in contrast to other techniques such as the basket or kerf cut cylinder, where euthanasia of the horse is the more typical outcome if the implant fails and vertebral fracture occurs due to the extent of damage that usually results in spinal cord injury with subsequent severe neurologic signs.

In summary, this technique may represent a safer alternative to current techniques of ventral interbody fusion while achieving similar outcomes in performance. Polyaxial pedicle screw and rod systems for cervical fusion should be considered as an alternative to minimize fatal complications associated with surgery while achieving one to three grades of improvement in neurological signs in horses with Wobbler syndrome. However, this study was performed in a small number of horses, so continued study of this method remains critical, as well as further development and optimization of other surgical techniques that may result in lower frequency of complications and greater neurologic improvement.

The link to this article in EVJ is: https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/evj.13449

ABOVE: Shamardal was diagnosed as a Gr. 3 wobbler in 2002 but achieved great success as a racehorse and had a stellar stallion career for Darley.

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OCALA

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Bill Heller

Adobe Stock, Eclipse Sportswire, Joe DiOrio/WinningImages.biz

| OCALA |

W H E R E P R E S E R V I N G T H E PA S T WHILE DEVELOPING FOR THE FUTURE IS A TRICKY PROPOSITION

I

n Ocala, the seat of Marion County in central Florida known as “Horse Capital of the World” —preserving the past while developing for the future—is a tricky proposition. There are land mines everywhere.

What seemed like a gigantic victory for preservation—the sale of part of a historic Thoroughbred farm to a horsewoman who has continued using the track and barns there—would have been overshadowed by the loss of an historic cemetery on another part of the farm. The 17 graves there included one of racing’s greatest champions, Dr. Fager, and the champion mare Ta Wee. An intervention by Thoroughbred owner, breeder and an admitted “history guy,” Arthur Roy, with considerable help from Tammy Gantt, the associate vice-president of the Florida

Thoroughbred Breeders and Owners Association, saved the site. “There are champions buried there,” Roy said. “That was a no-brainer.”

If a graveyard with Dr. Fager had been replaced by a housing development, wouldn’t that have been game over?

Development 1, Thoroughbred history 0.

Thankfully, it’s not.

Left uncertain is the fate of the house of Hall of Fame Trainer John Nerud, who trained Dr. Fager and Ta Wee on that very same farm when it was Tartan Farm. If that part of the property isn’t sold to a sympathetic buyer, and perhaps converted to a bed and breakfast, it will be lost—another relic bulldozed for progress.

This is Ocala and Marion County’s dilemma.

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THIS IS OUR LAND. THIS IS WHAT OUR HORSES NEED. WE DON’T NEED MORE HOUSES.” GAIL RICE

The sparkling, enormous year-old World Equestrian Center has brought all breeds of horses and global attention to both the city and county, but Thoroughbreds are their lifeblood with a rich history—one its owners, breeders and leaders are intent on preserving and celebrating.

The 193,000-acre farmland preservation area, established in 2005, and Horse Farms Forever, an association formed in 2018, is dedicated to preserving that area, to restrict development.

Accordingly, not everyone is selling their farm to profit from Ocala’s meteoric transition from a sleepy village to a bustling city. Those farms range from Charlotte Weber’s massive 4,500acre Live Oak to Lynne Boutte’s modest 35-acre Eagle View Farm.

Gail Rice breeds one or two mares every year at her daughter’s 18-acre farm. Rice bred 2021 Kentucky Derby winner Medina Spirit, and she is still recovering from the horse’s shocking death last year from a heart attack. “It’s so sad,” she said. “It hit me pretty hard.” Yet she remains passionate about preserving Thoroughbred farms. “This is our land,” she said. “This is what our horses need.

We don’t need more houses.”

It takes a community to save the past.

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ABOVE: Gail Rice, breeder of 2021 Kentucky Derby winner Medina Spirit.

Weber, who won the 2021 Acorn Preservation Award from Horse Farms Forever for “an individual who has made a significant contribution to the preservation of horse farms in Marion County,” knows what the alternative is: “Once you give it away, you never get it back.’”

One trip is all it takes to fall in love with Ocala and Marion County and their green splendor. A horse grazing in front of a circle of trees, perfectly happy in a natural habitat. Other horses run across expansive paddocks. Green everywhere.

“Do you want to see green grass looking out your window or dust and bricks?” Weber asked. “Does it matter if horses walk on grass or walk on concrete? I like green grass. I like trees.”

In Marion County, the grass beneath horses is rich with limestone, providing much-needed calcium—an important mineral helping horses’ bone growth, maintenance and muscle function.

| OCALA | LEFT: “I miss ‘Slow Cala’ and the camaraderie back then.

Everybody was for everybody. There were so many moms and pops in the ‘80s and the ‘90s.” – Lynne Boutte

Add in spring-fed water, warm winter weather, and it’s easy to see why horsemen flocked to central Florida to breed and train their horses.

Carl Rose opened the first Thoroughbred farm in the county in 1939.

Hundreds and hundreds have followed, helping Ocala to earn that moniker as Horse Capital of the World. When the phrase was first used, citizens in Lexington, Kentucky, protested. But the facts were clear that Marion County’s horse population—now 80,000 including more than 37,000 Thoroughbreds—is annually the largest in the country. That title for Ocala and Marion County was read into the Congressional Record in 1999, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture okayed its use in promotions using that label. And it’s true. According to the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders and Owners Association, there are more than 1,100 Thoroughbred farms and training centers in the county.

And Ocala and Marion County’s population are skyrocketing. Ocala’s was 13,588 in 1960, 22,583 in 1970, 37,170 in 1980, 42,045 in 1990, 45,943 in 2000, 56,585 in 2010 and 61,810 last year. Marion County’s population jumped from 331,340 in 2010 to 375,908 in 2020.

“I got here in 1968; it’s just not the same place,” Weber said. “It just exploded. It frightens me. Every time I pick up the newspaper, 10,000 homes here, 10,000 at another place. It’s not a rural community anymore. I’m not opposed to change, but I don’t think it’s been well thought out. I support Horse Farms Forever, but I think that it wasn’t formed soon enough.”

Her friend and former neighbor, Wanda Hooper Quigley, who ran Hooper Farm with her husband Fred from 1970 through 2000, agreed. Asked if Ocala has changed, she said, “Oh my God; it’s overwhelming. I wish the forefathers had paid attention to development. I wish everything hadn’t been built.”

Lynne Boutte experienced culture shock when she moved from Long Island, where she’d been working at Belmont Park, to Ocala in 1980. “They used to call it ‘Slow Cala,’” she said. “There was nothing in Ocala.

Three traffic lights. I was living in a room on a farm.

I picked up a phone, and it was a party line. There were three TV stations, and they all went off at 10 p.m. I walked everywhere. I miss ‘Slow Cala’ and the camaraderie back then. Everybody was for everybody. There were so many moms and pops in the ‘80s and the ‘90s. The moms and pops can’t afford it anymore.”

Charlotte Weber has owned and managed the 4,500-acre Live Oak Stud for over 50 years.

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ABOVE: George Isaacs, the general manager of John and Leslie Malone’s Bridlewood Farm, moved to Ocala in 1989.

George Isaacs, the general manager of John and Leslie Malone’s Bridlewood Farm, moved to Ocala in 1989. He then worked for Allen Paulsen, returning to Ocala in 1996 for the Malones, the largest landowners in the United States. “When I moved to Ocala in 1989, it was very, very rural and extremely agriculturally focused,” he said. “There were large farms including Mockingbird, Tartan Farm, Hooper Farm—a who’s who of some of the top owners and breeders. They enjoyed racing their own horses. They bred mares to their own stallions. They had training operations on their farm. That was racing as it is meant to be. I don’t know if we’re ever going to see that again.”

Isaacs is charged with making sure they are remembered. He is the chairman of a Florida Thoroughbred Breeders and Owners Association Committee to install a Thoroughbred Walk of Fame in downtown Ocala. Two of the dozen horses to be honored are Dr. Fager and Ta Wee. The others are Needles, Florida’s first Kentucky Derby winner in 1956, Carry Back, Susan’s Girl, Desert Vixen, Foolish Pleasure, 1978 Triple Crown Champion Affirmed, Precisionist, Holy Bull, Skip Away and Silver Charm. “We started with the ones who are obvious,” Isaacs said. “COVID has obviously slowed down a lot of things. It’s probably going to be a little while.”

What will Ocala be like in a little while? “We understand the passion of people who feel that there should be no growth, but that’s not realistic,” said Lonny Powell, the CEO of the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders and Owners Association. “Thank God, we have the preservation act. You can’t let history be forgotten. I’m not in this game for the short play. I’m a lifer. To me, I wouldn’t have done my job if we didn’t protect the Thoroughbred industry.”

Thoroughbreds touch so many lives in Ocala now: the Ocala Breeders Sales, hundreds of training centers, the Florida Horse Park, horse shows, farm tours, horse retirement farms, the Florida Thoroughbred Breeders and Owners Association’s Museum and Gallery, and a brand-new after-care facility. On January 10th, the New Vocations Racehorse Adoption Program announced it has opened a satellite facility in Anthony, less than eight miles north of Ocala.

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THEY ENJOYED RACING THEIR OWN HORSES. THEY BRED MARES TO THEIR OWN STALLIONS. THEY HAD TRAINING OPERATIONS ON THEIR FARM. THAT WAS RACING AS IT IS MEANT TO BE. I DON’T KNOW IF WE’RE EVER GOING TO SEE THAT AGAIN.” GEORGE ISAACS ON OCALA’S HISTORY

Visitors to Ocala have a huge choice in lodging in Ocala, from the magnificent hotel rivaling the Waldorf Astoria at the World Equestrian Center to the quaint Equus Inn, where rooms feature walls of black and white horse photos.

More and more visitors are going to be coming.

To preserve at least part of the land in 2005, the Marion County Commission created the Marion County Farmland Preservation Area, protecting nearly 200,000 acres, to “provide a buffer for farmland against increasing growth” and “serve as a major recharge area which strains rainwater that feeds into both Rainbow and Silver Springs.”

Horse Farms Forever was created in 2018 after the Florida Department of Transportation announced a plan to put a toll road

| OCALA |

LEFT: “Do you want to see green grass looking out your window or dust and bricks? Does it matter if horses walk on grass or walk on concrete? I like green grass. I like trees.” – Charlotte Weber

through the heart of Marion County horse country. In an article in the January 2022 issue of the Blood-Horse, Isaacs, a board member of Horse Farms Forever, said, “I have never witnessed in all my years here a single issue that drew the entire community together so quickly to eliminate a potentially devastating threat that would have destroyed the beauty and economic value of many of our farms.”

For the last three-plus years, Horse Farms Forever has partnered with the Alachua Conservation Trust, which contributed a $20,000 grant to implement conservation easements and permanently protect farmland and provide environmental benefits by maintaining a wildlife habitat and protecting water quality that would be significantly impacted by heavy development.

The cause has been championed by Bridlewood Farm’s owners John and Leslie Malone, who was presented the 2021 Robert N. Clay Conservation Award. The Malones, who own more than two million acres in the country, purchased Bridlewood Farm in 2013 for $14 million. The farm’s 800 acres have grown to 2,200.

“Anytime Mr. Malone buys a property he really likes, when land contiguous to it becomes available, he likes to buy it,” Isaacs told Blood-Horse. “Mr. Malone is a conservationist who wants to preserve and protect land for future generations. He’s a capitalist at heart who believes in owning things that are sustainable. He’s not a developer. He has never sold an acre of the land he’s bought.”

Others have. Others will.

Is it ironic or cruel that a development project in Ocala which replaced the iconic Bonnie Heath Farm, the home of Needles, is called the Paddock Mall? Opened in 1980, the enclosed shopping area was anchored by J.C. Penney, Macy’s and Belk.

Other nearby farms and farmland are now retail development and houses.

Then there is Winding Oaks, which encompasses both Tartan Farm and Harry Mangurian Jr.’s Mockingbird Farm.

In November, 1960, owner William McKnight purchased the Bonnie Heath Farm and its 320 acres. McKnight made millions— thanks to the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co., 3M,

which made Scotch Tape and Post-It Notes household necessities.

3M’s red plaid symbol became the colors of McKnight’s silks when he started Tartan Farm. A year earlier, he had the good fortune of hiring John Nerud. A string of champions followed, none more spectacular than Dr. Fager, who won four championships (Handicap, Grass, Sprint and Horse of Year) in 1968 and set the still-standing dirt-mile record of 1:32 1/5 while carrying 134 pounds at Washington Park. He won 18 of his 22 starts with two seconds and one third, earning more than $1 million. Ta Wee, Intentionally, Aspidistra, Codex and Dark Mirage joined Dr. Fager in the Tartan cemetery.

In 1970, Harry Mangurian Jr. purchased Tartan Farm, renamed it Mockingbird Farm and raced such stars as Valid Appeal, also buried at the cemetery.

Mangurian Farm had grown to 1,000 acres when he sold it to Eugene Melnyk in 2001, who renamed the farm Winding Oaks.

At the time, Melnyk said, “We have gotten letters from people in the community saying how grateful they are for us keeping this a farm and not selling it for commercial development. I’m committed, as long as I’m around in the horse business, to keep it as a working farm.”

He and his wife Laura generated enormous success in racing, at one time owning nearly 500 horses, including more than 160 broodmares. They campaigned 2004 Breeders’ Cup Sprint winner Speightstown and graded stakes winners Graeme Hall, Harmony Lodge, Strong Hope and Host.

In 2014, Melnyk decided to get out of the horse business. He wanted at least part of his property to continue as a horse farm, and in December 2019, he sold 178 acres to Becky Thomas, a native of Florida who had enjoyed considerable success in New York State, for a reported $6.25 million. She added 46 acres the following year and is thrilled to be running her stable, Sequel at Winding Oaks, on the track Melnyk rebuilt there: a one-mile dirt oval with an interior 7/8ths turf course. “It’s unlike any track in Marion County,” she told Showcaseocala.com. “You could run a race meet there. Mr. Melnyk put in a lot of money to build it right.”

Melnyk intended to develop the rest of the property under his company Cradle Holdings. The plan calls for 2,068 single-family homes and 1,080 multi-family units and commercial development.

Arthur Roy heard about it in September 2020. “They notified all the abutters,” he said. “We happen to live 500 feet from Winding Oaks Farm. He had already sold the training center, and the rest of the farm is going to be houses.”

In a Zoom meeting, Roy, who happens to be on the board of the Winthrop Maine Historical Society, raised his hand, then said, “I’m not opposed to development, but I mentioned there’s a horse cemetery there with several champions including Dr. Fager and Ta Wee. They said they’d heard there were a few. Then they said, ‘Let’s talk.’”

Roy described the cemetery: “There were 17 graves in a horseshoe pattern. It’s like a big circle of land, and behind that, a gazebo. It’s a beautiful location. It’s the highest peak of the farm. I sent a letter.”

Melnyk stepped up and did the right thing. “He said they will keep it,” Roy said. “They will add parking spots. The FTBOA will work on the signage about the importance of the location. That happened within a couple of months.”

Case closed. Almost.

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| INDUSTRY |

John Nerud

| OCALA |

Nerud’s house, 100 yards from the cemetery, was not spared. “They were going to demolish it,” Roy said. “Last April, we had a meeting, and what they agreed to do was to make that area part of an estate, and instead of tearing down the house, try to sell it. I asked for the price, but they said it’s not for sale.”

Talk about mixed signals.

“So far, I’ve been very happy with the developers,” Roy said. “We preserved the cemetery. We’re trying to save the house. I want to preserve it because of one guy, John Nerud. He was one of a group of gentlemen that were important in bringing Thoroughbred training and breeding into Florida. I’m from New England. I get excited if I see a sign saying, ‘George Washington slept here.’ He started the Breeders’ Cup. He trained champions. You have to try to save it for future generations.”

Roy thinks Nerud’s house could be converted into a bed and breakfast.

He’s cautiously optimistic the house will be saved. But even if it is, he has this gnawing question: “Being a horseman, an owner and a breeder, I’m wondering how many other places have been demolished in Ocala because of development.”

Lynne Boutte knows one way to slow development: “My farm’s in a very unique area up here. It’s not for sale.”

Gail Rice put it this way: “It’s about money and money talks; but what’s important is peaceful living and having this land to raise our horses. Without green, what do you have?”

CHRISTOPHER DUNCAN From Olympic athlete to racehorse trainer in Ocala

U

nlike most Thoroughbred horsemen in Ocala, 46-year-old trainer Christopher Duncan isn’t deeply rooted in his profession. He is, however, deeply confident he will be. He even wrote a self-published book about it: Mind Shift.

Just in his second full year of training, Duncan is a former Jamaican Olympic track star and real estate dealer in Virginia, all the while never ignoring a passion for Thoroughbreds, which he’d experienced in his native Jamaica as a child. “I wanted to be a jockey in Jamaica, but I was too big,” he said.

A near fatal 1997 car accident in Washington, D.C., rearranged his thinking and his life. “A young lady ran a red light,” he said. “I needed emergency surgery. My left lung collapsed. They cut me out with no drugs. They stuck a tube in. The doctor said, ‘If you move, you die.’ I said, ‘God, if you bring me through this, I’m going to serve you.’ It hurt. There’s not a word to describe it. It burned like pepper. I said, ‘God, help me.’ I couldn’t do it myself.

God brought me through that. I needed something bigger and stronger. I lost 50, 60 pounds. I couldn’t do a push-up when I got out. That’s when my journey began. That was the turning point of my life.”

He began writing down his ideas and thoughts. He moved from Virginia to Ocala. “For the good weather and the horses,” he said. He found a new career in the medical transportation business—a business his wife continues in.

He published his book in 2011. Then, he finally confronted his passion for horses: “I said, ‘You know what, I’m going to train horses.’” He purchased a cheap mare, Adonai Bless, and won his first race in her first start for him when she captured an $8,000 claimer at Tampa Bay Downs on November 20, 2020. “It was a great moment,” he said.

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She didn’t give him any more, losing two subsequent starts badly and was retired to become a broodmare.

He races 12 horses now at Tampa Bay Downs and at Gulfstream Park. Through early January, he has six wins, one second and one third from 54 starts with earnings of $86,425.

“I love it,” he said. “It’s good, and it’s going to get better. It’s a passion. It’s something I want to do. If you do something and enjoy it, it’s not work.”

Drawing on his experience in track and field, he trains his horses for endurance. He has the full support of his wife and their four children.

His long-range goal is to win a Gr. 1 or Gr. 2 stakes. He is fully confident he will. “List is just to keep working,” he said. “It’s about the mind. You can’t do anything without thinking. I have to believe I’m going to be successful. If I don’t, it will never happen.”

When it does, he knows whom to thank. “It’s God,” he said.

“He gets the credit for it. My goal is to be of service.”

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#SOUNDBITES What would you do if you weren’t training Thoroughbreds? # Mike Trombetta That’s a heck of a good question. I’ve been doing this so long, I couldn’t tell you. I really don’t know.

Construction and demolition, that would be an option. I did that for 15-20 years, but I was doing this at the same time, too. I like this a heck of a lot more.

# John Kimmel There are two things besides horses I love: snow skiing and deep sea fishing. I’m in Utah, skiing right now. I’m not that far from retirement. I’ve been doing this for 40 plus years. When things tail off, if my business slows down, that’s what I would be doing.

# Mark Casse I’ve thought about that many times. Probably real estate. I just think it’s a challenge, and the rewards are great. That’s what I would probably do.

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| #SOUNDBITES |

# David Donk A good question. Later in life, what interests me is management—racing management. But I’m lucky to be doing something now I love.

# Tony Dutrow You know, at 64, I’m so much still in love with horses and horse racing.

There will never be anything else for me. But if I would have never done horse racing, I’d try my hand at real estate. Because that’s a challenge.

# Craig Dollase I’ve always wanted to pursue sports. I’m a big sports advocate.

I’d go for something in the sports world, not physical— something to help people in the sports world. I have a cousin who was actually the trainer for the San Francisco 49ers. I had an in. I could have gone in that direction. But I went to work for my dad, and now I’m a trainer. It turned out pretty good.

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# Jeremiah Englehart Oh, wow! I’m not sure. I’ve been doing horses since I was so young; I always wanted to be a trainer. I guess I would like to do something with football. I’ve always had a passion for football, maybe coaching or working with kids. I’ve always been a fan in sports.

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