| INDUSTRY |
U ND E R S TA ND I N G A ND P R O T E C T IO N Lissa Oliver Charles Owen, Shuutterstock, Anne-Armelle Langlois, Caroline Norris
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s helmet technology moves forward, concussion remains an issue, so the question we must ask is whether this is despite improvements to helmets, or because of them? Could the lifestyle of a work rider contribute to the risk of sustaining concussion in a fall, or could a change in lifestyle protect against the risk? Can a poor state of mental health increase the risk of concussion, or is mental health affected by repeated concussion? These are just some of the questions being asked by scientists, doctors and engineers in ongoing research to protect riders. A concussion is a brain injury that occurs when a blow to the head causes
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the brain to spin rapidly in the opposite direction from where the head was struck and is the most common type of “closed brain injury”, where the skull is not split. Those suffering from concussion may have symptoms such as headache, sensitivity to light, tinnitus, dizziness, sleepiness, confusion and behavioural changes, although many of these symptoms can also be caused by other injuries sustained in a fall and unrelated to brain injury. A specific diagnosis is vital to securing the necessary treatment and correct aid to recovery. Our natural protection comes from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions the brain within the skull and serves as a shock absorber for the central nervous system. CSF is often thought of as existing
only between the brain and the skull, but the brain has a much more complicated structure and CSF also fills a system of cavities at the centre of the brain, known as ventricles, as well as the space surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The transfer of energy when a rider’s head hits the ground causes rapid acceleration and deceleration, which briefly deform the brain. Because of this deformation, the volume of the brain decreases while the volume of the rigid skull remains unchanged. CSF flows into the skull from the spinal cord and fills the empty spaces created by the brain deformation, flowing back with acceleration and forward with deceleration, to prevent the brain impacting against the skull.