Architecture Thesis Report - Oceanarium & Adventure Water Sports

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

A THESIS REPORT

Submitted by

S. ANAND KUMAR

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BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

ARULMIGU MEENAKSHI AMMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, VADAMAVANDAL

ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025 MAY 2017

ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified

that

this

thesis

"OCEANARIUM

report

&

ADVENTURE

WATERSPORTS" is the bonafied work of "S.ANAND KUMAR" who carried out the thesis work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE

SIGNATURE

Professor. Ar. N. JAYARAM.

Assistant Professor. Ar. S.TAMILARASAN.

HEAD OF THE DEPATMENT

INTERNAL GUID

Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering, Vadamavandal, Thiruvannamalai District, (Near Kanchipuram), Tamil Nadu.

Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering, Vadamavandal, Thiruvannamalai District, (Near Kanchipuram), Tamil Nadu.

EXTERNAL i

ARULMIGU MEENAKSHI AMMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING VADAMAVANDAL, NAMANDI POST, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT- 604 410

DECLARATION I hereby certify that the thesis entitled “OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS (A live proposal by govt. of Tamilnadu) ” submitted by S. ANAND KUMAR. In partial fulfilment of the Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture of the Anna University.

And that it has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship or fellowship of any other university or institution previously. Due acknowledgements have been made wherever anything has been borrowed from other sources.

Signature of the candidate, ANAND KUAMR. S - 510312251002 X Semester – V Year

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I acknowledge with thanks the many people who have made this thesis possible, starting with the faculty at the School of Architecture, AMACE, especially Ar. Vinod. R and Ar. Rajappa. S for helping me to choose this topic.

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my internal guides Ar. Vinod. R & Ar. Tamilarasan. S and my external guide Ar. Pradeep for their vast guidance throughout this thesis.

I thank my family for being very supportive and helpful with my works.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER.NO

CH 1

TITLE

PAGE NO.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

i

DECLARATION

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

ix

LIST OF TABLES

xii

ABSTRACT

xiii

INTRODUCTION

1

1.AA

OCEANARIUM

3

1.AB

DIFFERENT BETWEEN OCEANARIUM AND AQUARIUM

3

1.AC

NEED OF OCEANARIUM

3

1.AD

ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

4

1.AE

NEED OF ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

4

1.BA

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

5

1.BB

EDUCATION

5

1.BC

CONSERVATION

5

1.BD

TOURIST

5

1.C

OBJECTIVES

6

1.D

MOTIVATION

6

1.E

SCOPE OF PROJECT

7

LITERATURE STUDY

9

CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES

9

CH 2 2.A 2.AA

AGNATHAN

10

2.AB

CHRONDRICHTHYES

10

2.AC

OSTEICHTHYES

10

FISH ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

11

2.BA

THE SKIN

11

2.BB

THE SWIMBLADDER

12

2.BC

MAINTAINING SALT BALANCE

12

2.BD

BREATHING UNDERWATER

12

2.B

iv

CHAPTER.NO 2.BE

TITLE

PAGE NO.

SIGHT AND SOUND

13

SALTWATER VERSUS FRESHWATER AQUARIUMS

13

2.CA

COST

14

2.CB

SIZE

14

2.CC

WATER CHANGES

14

2.CD

LIGHTING

15

2.CE

COLOUR

15

2.CF

VARIETY

15

2.CG

EQUIPMENT

16

2.CH

AQUARIUM DYNAMIC

16

2.CI

EASY OF KEEPING

16

2.CJ

CORAL

17

FRESHWATER AQUARIUM SETUP

17

2.DA

ESSENTIALS & ACCESSORIES

17

2.DB

AQUARIUM FURNITURE - TANKS & STANDS

17

2.DC

HOODS & LIGHTING

18

2.DD

FILTERS & MEDIA

19

2.DE

CLIMATE CONTROL

19

2.DF

MAINTENANCE & ACCESSORIES

20

2.DG

WATER ADDITIVES

20

2.DH

DECOR

21

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN

22

2.EA

PLANNING

22

2.EB

CIRCULATION

22

AQUATIC NEED

22

2.FA

COMMON INFORMATION ABOUT FISHES

22

2.FB

FEEDING INFORMATION

23

2.FC

HYGIENE CARE

23

2.FD

HEALTH CHECKUPS

23

2.FE

TEMPERATURE

23

2.FF

LIGHTING

24

2.C

2.D

2.E

2.F

v

CHAPTER.NO 2.G

TITLE

PAGE NO.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

24

2.GA

OPEN WATER SYSTEM

24

2.GB

SEMI-CLOSED WATER SYSTEM

24

2.GC

CLOSED WATER SYSTEM

24

THE PLANNERS

25

2.HA

THE OPERATION AREA

26

2.HB

TEMPERATURE

27

2.HC

LIGHTING

28

TYPES OF DISPLAY TANKS

30

2.IA

TOUCH POOL

30

2.IB

MICRO AQUARIUMS

31

2.IC

CORAL REEF TANK

31

2.ID

PREDATOR TANKS

32

2.IE

COMMUNITY AQUARIUM

32

2.IF

TURTLE POOL

32

2.IG

CROCODILE MOATS

33

2.IH

DOLPHINARIUM

33

2.II

FRESHWATER DISPLAY

33

2.IJ

AQUATIC MUSEUM

33

2.J

MATERIAL OF TANK

34

2.K

TANK DIMENSIONS

34

2.KA

TANK LENGHT

34

2.KB

TANK WIDTH

35

2.KC

TANK HEIGHT

35

2.KD

EXAMPLE CALCULATION

36

2.L

DOME THEATER

36

2.M

RESTAURENTS

38

2.MA

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

38

2.MB

RESTAURENTS ARRANGEMENTS

39

2.H

2.I

CH 3

SITE DETAILS 3.A

SITE

43 44

vi

CHAPTER.NO

TITLE

PAGE NO.

LOCATION

44

3.B

MAHABALIPURAM

44

3.C

SITE LOCATION

45

3.D

LANDMARKS

46

3.E

PHYSICAL FACTORS

48

CLIMATE

48

3.EAA

WIND

48

3.EAB

DIECTION

48

3.EAC

MAXIMUM, MINIMUM AND AVERAGE VELOCITY

48

3.EAD

SPECIAL FORCES

49

3.EAE

SOLAR ORIENTATION

49

TOPOGRAPHY

50

LAND SURFACE TYPE

50

3.EC

VISUAL CHARACHTERISTICS

52

3.ED

GEOTECHNICAL / SOIL

56

3.EE

UTILITIES

56

3.EF

IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS

56

CULTURAL FACTORS

59

SITE HISTORY

59

3.FAA

SITE USES

59

3.FAB

LAND OWNERSHIP

59

CASE STUDY

63

4.A

LOCATION

65

4.B

PLAN - GROUND FLOOR

66

4.C

CIRCULATION

67

4.D

INTERIOR VIEWS

69

4.E

SERVICE SPACE

72

4.F

FRESH WATER FISHES

75

4.G

QUARANTINE ROOM

75

4.H

LSS (LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM)

75

AMPHITHEATER

75

3.AA

3.EA

3.EB 3.EBA

3.F 3.FA

CH 4

4.I

vii

CHAPTER.NO

TITLE

PAGE NO.

4.J

POPULTAION

75

4.K

LIGHTING

75

4.L

PARKING

75

SIGNAGES AND DIGITAL DIAPLAY

76

4.M

THE LOST CHAMBER AQUARIUM

78

THE BLUE PLANET - NATIONAL AQUARIUM

85

INFERENCE

88

CH 5

DESIGN BRIEF

89

CH 6

CONCEPT & FORM DEVELOPMENT

94

CH 7

ZONING

95

CH 8

DRAWINGS

96

CH 9

REFRENCES

viii

134

LIST OF FIGURES 9LVLWRUV Ă RZ SDWWHUQ 2. Plan of tank gallery.

3. Service area section.

4. Cross-section through coral reef tank.

5. Simple Life Supporting System (LSS).

6. Simple diagram of aquarium water system.

7. Touch pool exhibit.

8. Micro aquarium.

9. Coral Reef Tank.

10. Perdator tank.

11. Turtle exhibit.

12. Dolphinarium.

13. Fresh water exhibit.

14. Dome theater Plan.

15. Dome theater section.

16. Restaurent standards 1.

17. Restaurent standards 2.

18. Restaurent standards 3.

19. Restaurent standards 4.

20. Restaurent standards 5.

21. Minimal seating layout.

22. Alcoves arrangment. &RɛH WDEOH DUUDQJPHQW 24. Parallel table arrangment.

25. Diagonal table arrangment.

26. Minimum table spacing. ix

27. Space Requirements.

28. Site Location.

29. Shape of site and its location.

30. Famous Landmarks around site.

31. Direction of wind at site.

32. Wind speed at Mahabalipuram.

33. Cyclone path (Vardha-Cyclone).

34. Sun Path Diagaram at site.

35. Temperature chart (year) Mahabalipuram.

36. Precipitaion chart (year) Mahabalipuram.

37. Soft sand.

38. Hard surface.

39. Beach Sand.

40. Topography and slope.

41. Site Entry.

42. North Side view from site.

43. South Side view from site.

44. East Side view from site.

45. Existing Road network.

46. Vegetation & Existing water bodies.

47. Stone Carvings.

48. Art Sculpture shop.

49. Light house.

50. Pancha Rathas.

51. Noise Map. 52. Mahabalipuram existing Land Use map.

53. Mahabalipuram proposed Land Use map - 2021.

54. Location - Marine Drive. x

55. Conceptual Plan - Taraporewala Aquarium.

56. Circulation - Public.

57. Circulation - Private.

58. Interior view - Key Plan.

59. Tunnel Tank.

60. Aquarium Entry & Exit.

61. Quaratine Room & Amphitheater.

62. Gallery space.

63. Tank at lobby space. )UHVKZDWHU ÀVK WDQN 7URSKLFDO ÀVK WDQN 67. Freshwater tank.

68. Lighting at Freshwater tank.

69. Grill Platform.

70. Ladder access to platform.

71 & 72. Lighting at freshwater tank.

73. Air conditioning ducts.

74. Clearence space.

75. Space below Grill Platform.

76. Grill Platform clearence. &RQWLQXHV ZDWH ÁRZ 78. Tunnel Tank features.

79. Fershwater Tank.

80. Trophical water tank.

81 - 87. Signages and Display.

88. Sea water used for aquarium.

89. Lost chamber Aquarium.

90. Freshwater Tank. xi

91. Pillar Tank.

92. Ambassador Lagoon.

93. Underwater Restaurent.

94. Acrylic Tunnel.

95. Circulation Space.

96. Restaurent.

97. Underwater Room.

98. Tank Lighting.

99. Houre Meter.

100. Coral Tank.

101. Wave machine.

102. Fish tank sump.

103. Tanks Drainage.

104 & 105. Fish tanks sump.

106. Fish Kitchen.

107. Fish Care Place.

108. Breeding Tanks.

109. Zoning 110. Sectional veiw.

111 - 117. views LIST OF TABLES 1. Aquarium Furniture – tanks & stands.

2. Hoods & Lighting.

3. Filters & Media.

4. Climate Control.

5. Maintenance & Accessories.

6. Water Additive.

7. Decores. xii

ABSTRACT

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS The thesis Project is on " Oceanarium & Adventure watersports " at Mahabalipuram Beach - live proposal.

In India with more marine life species, there is no large scale Ocenarium and 5HVHDUFK ODE IRU ÀVK FRQVHUYDWLRQ $OVR RQH RI ,QGLD V ROGHVW DTXDULXP ZDV EXLOW LQ chennai which was later destroyed in Tsunami. Also having Oceanarium near world heritage tourist sites, Oceanarium will have footprints from India as well as form other counties. These are some the main reason for this theis project.

With site near CRZ 3 (Coastal Regulation Zone 3) and 500m away from the high tite line. The site area is 15 acers with 300 x 200m boundary. The building was designed in such a way it uses the wind speed and the solar energy by Roof and pavilion structure for building performance.

xiii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

1

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

2

1.AA OCEANARIUM (ocean·ar·i·um) A large seawater aquarium in which marine animals are kept for study and public entertainment.

Ocean Aquarium

Oceanarium

1.AB DIFFERENT BETWEEN OCEANARIUM AND AQUARIUM

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mammal park or a large-scale aquarium. But in a oceanarium they are presenting an ocean habitat with marine animals, especially large ocean dwellers, such as sharks and dolphins. Well in Valencia they have both.

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conditions confound the relationships between temperature, acidity, and oxygen levels of an aquatic system and create complex maintenance problems that require constant attention if sensitive ¿VKHV DQG RWKHU RUJDQLVPV DUH WR EH NHSW LQ D KHDOWK\ VWDWH 2FHDQDULXPV KRZHYHU KDYH FHUWDLQ DGYDQWDJHV 0DQ\ PRUH GLႇHUHQW VSHFLHV RI ¿VK OLYH LQ PDULQH HQYLURQPHQWV WKDQ LQ IUHVKZDWHU systems, so that a greater diversity of displays is possible. In addition, a saltwater environment permits the holding of such large and impressive animals as sharks, rays, and marine turtles, as well as seagoing mammals (e.g., dolphins, whales, and manatees). Many oceanariums make full use of the ability of whales and dolphins to be trained, devising special acrobatic shows for the public.

A number of oceanariums are associated with research or educational programs of universities, biological stations, and marine institutes. Arrangements may be reciprocal in that oceanariums can provide facilities for student training or experiments while the academic or research units can contribute specimens and professional advice about the care of marine organisms.

1.AC NEED OF OCEANARIUM India has a long coastline of 7,517 kms.It has one of the longest coastlines compared to most other countries.India also has many fresh wter bodies which house many varities of fresh water ¿VKHV $ERXW RI WKH PDULQH ¿VKHV FRPH IURP WKH ZHVW FRDVW DQG WKH UHPDLQMQJ FRPH IURP the east coast.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

3

Thus the people of the country have very less knowledge of the vast resources that are pooled out IURP WKH RFHDQ DQG WKH GLႇHUHQW YDUL HW\ RI VDOW ZDWHU ¿VKHV DV ZHOO DV IHVK ZDWHU ¿VKHV WKDW DUH present here.

The awareness of the vast ocean and its potentials is some thing that most of the peo-ple who live in a country with one of the biggest coastline don’t have proper knowledge. India till date does’nt have a single Oceanarium despite all the resources available. Not even one aquarium has been expanded to a large scale housing marine mammals like shark, sea otter,etc. This being the IUVW DQG RQH LW¶V NLQG ZRXOG EH EHQH¿FLDO WR WKH SHRSOH DV ZHOO WKH FRXQWU\ HFQRPLFDOO\ DQG JOREDOO\

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WRXULVW SODFH UHFRUGHG WRXULVW YLVLWDWLRQ RI ODNKV LQFOXGLQJ ODNKV IRUHLJQ WRXULVWV LQ DV SHU the data collected from Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu.

As the Oceanarium is to be located nearer to Mamallapuram, it is expected that 1/3rdof the existing footfalls might visit this facility.

In addition to commercial and tourism applications, it will ensure educational supremacy through alliances with universities and marine biology research centres to undertake research with VLPLODU LQVWLWXWLRQV JOREDOO\ DFFRUGLQJ WR RႈFLDO VRXUFHV

1.AD ADVENTURE WATER SPORTS Water sports are nothing but sports activities are being conducted or played on water surface.

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1.AE NEED OF ADVENTURE WATER SPORTS As Adventure Water Sports is famous only on north side of India, having an adventure ZDWHU VSRUW VSRW LQ VRXWK ZLOO GH¿QLWHO\ PDNH ORFDO SHRSOH WR OHDUQ DQG SDUWLFLSDWH DQG LPSURYH WKHLU VNLOOV $OVR ZLWK H[LVWLQJ VPDOO ZDWHUVSRUW DFWLYLWLHV OLNH VXU¿QJ QHDU VLWH WKLV ZLOO EH KDYLQJ PRUH WKDQ VXU¿JQ ZLOO PDNH HQWHUWDLQPHQW SODFH DV ZHOO DV SODFH WR OHDUQ OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

4

AIM 1.BA RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES The oceanarium will be built in such a way that it would attract not only a single visitor but the entire family to the facility. There should be recreational activity for people from all age groups. The design would also be handicapped friend so that any handicapped person won’t be deprived of a not being able to access the facility because of their disability.

1.BB EDUCATION The oceanarium will educate people of all ages towards the marine aquatic life, it will educate the visitors towards the importance of aquatic life, it will educate the people towards the endangered spices in water, and how to protect them. Education shall happen in a very informal way with the KHOS RI VWDႇ DQG UHDFWLRQDO DFWLYLWLHV 6SDFHV IRU VHPLQDUV DQG VXPPHU VFKRROV VKDOO EH SURYLGHG 1.BC CONESRVATION To build a research unit that will focus on conservation of species, experiments should take place on regular basis to impro e lifestyle of species, mating of species should take place to help LQFUHDVH WKH SRSXODWLRQ RI WKH VSHFLHV $ ¿VK KRVSLWDO LV UHTXLUHG WR FKHFN WKH KHDOWK RI ¿VKHV RQ regular basis. The dangered species can be breaded in this quarantine.

1.BD TOURIST The oceanarium aims to increase the tourism of Mahabalipuram city, it shall aim to change the way tourist and the people interact with the environment. Provision of the local sculptor art would also be encouraged through this facility. Employment will be generated through this facility.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

5

1.C OBJECTIVES The oceanarium, which would come up over 13 acres of land on the shores of Mamallapuram, would have alliances with universities and marine biology research centres, besides its commercial interests. The oceanarium would have a submerged, winding acrylic tunnel, which would take the public on a “fascinating tour with views in all directions. The tunnel creates an impression of walking on the seabed and the visitor becomes part of the marine environment, A sailing academy and a training centre for sailing and rowing will encourage youngsters from WKH FRPPXQLW\ WR GLYHUVLI\ DQG WDNH XS DGYHQWXUH VSRUWV DFUHV RI ODQG WR VHW XS DQ DGYHQWXUH VSRUWV IDFLOLW\ ZKHUH SHRSOH FRXOG VDLO XVH \DFKWV VXU¿QJ SDUDVDLO :DWHU VFRRWHU -HW 6NL 5LQJR Ride Tubing), Water Zorbing.

1.D MOTIVATION

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WKH ¿UVW \HDUV LW ZDV XQGHU WKH FRQWURO RI WKH JRYHUQPHQW PXVHXP DQG WKHQ ZDV WUDQVIHUUHG to the Fisheries Department. Originally, it was designed as a marine aquarium with provisions for circulating sea water.

During World War II, it was closed for some years and reopened again in August 1955 as a IUHVKZDWHU DTXDULXP /DWHU D IHZ WDQNV RI PDULQD ¿VKHV ZHUH DGGHG VDLG D UHSRUW WKDW DSSHDUHG LQ 2FWREHU ,W ZDV KHUH WKDW IRU WKH ¿UVW WLPH D VHDKRUVH ZDV EUHG LQ FDSWLYLW\ LQ -XO\ LQ WKH city. Later this aquarium was destroyed during tsunami.

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OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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1.E SCOPE OF PROJECT - Among the Chennai’s popular International stadium this adventure water sports will become faPRXV DV LW FUHDWHV QHZ SDWK RU SODWIRUP RI VSRUWV WKDW PRWLYDWH SHRSOH WR MRLQ WUDLQ DQG SDUWLFLSDWH in event.

- World class oceanarium.

- The oceanarium aims to attract at least one third of the footfall it receives as the ancient historic town, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site housing monuments of archaeological value.

- Marine species from ocean.

- Apart from promoting tourism, the oceanarium is envisaged to provide facilities for propagating awareness about marine environment and biodiversity.

- entertainment and educational attractions, which transform short visits in to memorable occasions.

- Underwater Restaurant & Underwater Accommodations.

- Water Sports Complex with training centre.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

7

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

8

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE STUDY 2.A CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES

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Subphylum. Fishes poses notochord, tubular nerve chord, paired gills, segmentation of the body parts, post anal tail, ventral heart, and an endoskeleton to be the member of the Chordata. In order to be a vertebrate, it poses backbone. This back bone supports and protects the spinal cord.

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OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

9

2.AA Agnathan (Phylum: chordate) L 6XESK\OXP YHUWHEUDWD

$JQDWKDQ DUH MDZOHVV ¿VK DQG ODFN SDLUHG ¿QV 7KH\ DOVR ODFN WKH LQWHUQDO VNHOHWRQ V\VWHP

They have a circular tooth mouth (cyclostomic) by which they bore the body of their victim and suck WKHLU EORRG 7KHVH DUH FODVVL¿HG LQ WR WZR PDMRU W\SHV 7KH\ DUH +DJ¿VK DQG /DPSUH\V ii. Characteristic of Agnatha - Jaws are absent.

3DLUHG ¿QV DUH DEVHQW - Bony scales and skin plates were present in the ancient species but are absent in the living

species.

- Gill pouches are present. They have seven or more pouches.

- Stomach is absent in the digestive system.

2.AB Chrondrichthyes (Phylum: chordate) L 6XESK\OXP YHUWHEUDWD Fearsome predators and harmless mollusc eaters are the members of the Chrondrichthyes.

7KH PHPEHU RI WKH FDUWLODJLQRXV ¿VK SRVHV WUXH ERQH DQG DOVR SRVHV D VNHOHWRQ PDGH XS RI FDUWLODJH 2QO\ WKH WHHWK RI WKLV VSHFLHV DQG UDUHO\ WKH YHUWHEUDH DUH FDOFL¿HG 6KDUNV 6NDWHV DQG 5D\V make up the group of chrondrichthyes

2.AC Osteichthyes (Phylum: chordate) L 6XESK\OXP YHUWHEUDWD

$ERXW VSHFLHV RI ERQ\ ¿VK DUH IRXQG LQ WKLV FODVV )LVKHV WKDW EHORQJ WR WKLV VSHFLHV

DUH VSLQGOH VKDSHG RYDO LQ VHFWLRQ DQG ÀDWWHQHG 6NLQV DUH SURWHFWHG E\ SURWHFWLYH VFDOHV 6RPH ¿VKHV RI WKLV FDWHJRU\ KDYH DFWXDO OXQJV WR EUHDWKH DQG DOVR KDYH VKDUS H\HVLJKW 7KHVH ERQ\ ¿VKHV KDYH D VSHFLDO JDV ¿OOHG FKDPEHU FDOOHG DLUEODGGHU KRXVHG XQGHU WKH VNHOHWRQ WR DOORZ WKHP WR UHPDLQ EXR\DQW $QRWKHU DGDSWDWLRQ LV RSHUFXOXP D ERQH RQ WKH VLGHV RI WKH ¿VK WR SURWHFW WKH chambers that house the gills.

%RQ\ ¿VK DUH DJDLQ FODVVL¿HG LQWR UD\ ¿QQHG DQG OREH ¿QQHG ¿VK 5D\ ¿QQHG ¿VK KDYH WKLQ

ÀH[LEOH VNHOHWRQ UD\V /REH ¿QQHG ¿VK KDYH PXVFXODU ¿QV VXSSRUWHG E\ ERQHV %RQ\ ¿VK IHUWLOL]HV HLWKHU LQWHUQDOO\ RU H[WHUQDOO\ 7ZR W\SHV RI HJJV DUH ODLG E\ WKH ERQ\ ¿VK 7KH\ DUH WKH HJJV WKDW ÀRDW and the eggs that sink.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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ii. Characteristic of Osteichthyes - Have more or less bony skeleton and numerous vertebrae.

- Mucous glands and embedded dermal scales are present in the skin.

+DYH SDLUHG ¿QV - Jaws are present.

- Gill arches support the gills and are protected by the operculum.

2.B FISH ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY There are few creatures on earth that have developed such an interesting and unique set RI SK\VLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DV WKH ¿VK 7KHLU VSHFLDO DGDSWDWLRQV KDYH DOORZHG WKHP WR VXUYLYH LQ DQ HQYLURQPHQW FRPSOHWHO\ GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW WKDQ KXPDQV :DWHU LV WLPHV GHQVHU WKDQ DLU :DWHU DOVR FRQWDLQV OHVV WKDQ RI WKH R[\JHQ FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH DLU 6RXQG DQG OLJKW DUH YHU\ GLVWRUWHG LQ WKH ZDWHU <HW GHVSLWH WKHVH GLá&#x201A;&#x2C6;FXOW REVWDFOHV LQ OLIH ¿VK KDYH VRPH XQLTXH DQDWRPLFDO DGDSWLRQV WKDW DOORZ WKHP WR Ã&#x20AC;RXULVK ,I DTXDULXP RZQHUV KDYH DQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKHVH EDVLF DGDSWDWLRQV LW ZLOO KHOS WKHP WR EHWWHU FDUH IRU WKHLU ¿VK 2.BA THE SKIN

8QOLNH PRVW ODQG GZHOOLQJ DQLPDOV ¿VK KDYH HYROYHG VHYHUDO XQLTXH WUDLWV LQ WKHLU RXWVLGH

FRYHULQJV LQFOXGLQJ VFDOHV ¿QV DQG SURWHFWLYH PXFRXV 0RVW ¿VK KDYH ¿QV DOWKRXJK VRPH KDYH DQG VRPH 7KHVH ¿QV DOORZ ¿VK WR VWHHU DQG PRYH IRUZDUG DQG EDFNZDUG %HFDXVH ZDWHU LV WLPHV GHQVHU WKDQ DLU ¿VK UHTXLUH D WUHPHQGRXV DPRXQW RI PXVFOH VWUHQJWK DQG FRRUGLQDWLRQ 7KH SRZHUIXO WDLO ¿Q FRXSOHG ZLWK D ODUJH Há&#x201A;&#x2C6;FLHQW PXVFOH ¿OOHG ERG\ JLYHV WKH ¿VK WKH QHFHVVDU\ VWUHQJWK 2Q WKH RXWVLGH RI WKH VNLQ PRVW ¿VK KDYH FRPSDFW URZV RI SURWHFWLYH VFDOHV 7KHVH VFDOHV DUH ¿UPO\ DWWDFKHG WR WKH VNLQ DQG DUH SULPDULO\ PDGH RI KDUG FDOFLXP 7KH VFDOHV Rá&#x201A;&#x2021;HU XQVXUSDVVHG SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW LQMXU\ DQG LQIHFWLRQ &DW¿VK KDYH HYROYHG ZLWKRXW VFDOHV EXW VRPH KDYH KDUG ERQ\ SODWHV DQG RWKHUV KDYH VKDUS VSLQHV LQ VRPH RI WKHLU ¿QV WKDW KHOS NHHS SUHGDWRUV DW ED\ 2YHU WKH WRSV RI WKHLU VFDOHV ¿VK VHFUHWH D PXFRXV FRYHULQJ 7KLV PXFXV LV YHU\ Há&#x201A;&#x2021;HFWLYH DW WUDSSLQJ DQG LPPRELOL]LQJ EDFWHULD DQG YLUXVHV DQG HYHQ FRQWDLQV DQWLEDFWHULDO OLNH DJHQWV WKDW ZLOO KHOS NLOO WKH WUDSSHG EDFWHULD $QRWKHU LPSRUWDQW WUDLW RI WKH PXFRXV LV WR UHGXFH IULFWLRQ DQG DOORZ WKH ¿VK WR move through the water more easily.

)LJ 0RYHPHQW RI ZDWHU DQG LRQV LQ IUHVKZDWHU ¿VK OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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2.BB THE SWIMBLADDER

7KH VZLPEODGGHU LV D XQLTXH RUJDQ IRXQG RQO\ LQ ¿VK DQG LV VRPHWLPHV FDOOHG WKH µDLU

EODGGHU ¶ ,W LV D VPRRWK JDV ¿OOHG RUJDQ IRXQG LQ WKH DEGRPHQ RI PRVW ¿VK $ ¿VK ZLOO HLWKHU DGG WR or decrease the amount of air in the bladder to help it move up or down in the water. Without the air EODGGHU WKH ¿VK ZRXOG KDYH WR VZLP FRQWLQXRXVO\ WR NHHS IURP VLQNLQJ WR WKH ERWWRP %\ DGMXVWLQJ WKH DPRXQW RI DLU LQ WKH EODGGHU ¿VK FDQ DGMXVW WKH GHSWK DW ZKLFK WKH\ Ã&#x20AC;RDW DQG H[WHQG YHU\ OLWWOH HQHUJ\ LQ WKH SURFHVV 2QH RWKHU EHQH¿W RI WKH DLU EODGGHU LQ VRPH VSHFLHV LV WKDW LW FDQ EH XVHG WR receive or emit sounds.

2.BC MAINTAINING SALT BALANCE

$V LQ SHRSOH PDLQWDLQLQJ WKH SURSHU OHYHO RI VDOW LQ WKH ¿VK¶V ERG\ LV FULWLFDO WR SURSHU KHDOWK

)LVK IDFH DQ H[FHSWLRQDOO\ GLá&#x201A;&#x2C6;FXOW FKDOOHQJH EHFDXVH WKH\ OLYH LQ D ZDWHU\ HQYLURQPHQW DQG WHQG WR µOHDN¶ D ORW 7KH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI VDOW LQ D IUHVKZDWHU ¿VK LV PXFK KLJKHU WKDQ LQ WKH VXUURXQGLQJ ZDWHU VR VDOW LV FRQVWDQWO\ OHDNLQJ RXW RI WKH ¿VK LQWR WKH ZDWHU 7R FRPSHQVDWH IRU WKLV ¿VK KDYH GHYHORSHG VHYHUDO VROXWLRQV 7KH ¿UVW DQG IRUHPRVW LV WKDW WKH\ LQJHVW D YHU\ ODUJH TXDQWLW\ RI ZDWHU DQG DV D UHVXOW SURGXFH D ODUJH TXDQWLW\ RI XULQH WLPHV DV PXFK DV ODQG PDPPDOV

7KHLU NLGQH\V H[WUDFW WKH VPDOO DPRXQW RI VDOW IURP WKH LQJHVWHG ZDWHU DQG SXW LW EDFN LQWR WKH ¿VK¶V bloodstream. The other thing they have is an ion pump in their gills that actually helps take salt out RI WKH ZDWHU DQG GLVFKDUJHV DPPRQLD DQG RWKHU XQGHVLUDEOH SURGXFWV 6DOWZDWHU ¿VK KDYH WKH VDPH SUREOHP LQ UHYHUVH )RU VDOWZDWHU ¿VK WKH VHD ZDWHU FRQWDLQV D PXFK KLJKHU FRQFHQWUDWLRQ WKDQ ZKDW LV LQ WKHLU ERGLHV $V D UHVXOW VDOW OHDNV LQ DQG WKH ¿VK KDV WR XVH LWV NLGQH\V DQG LRQ SXPSV WR excrete extra salt.

2.BD BREATHING UNDERWATER

%UHDWKLQJ XQGHUZDWHU LV RQH RI WKH PRVW LQWHUHVWLQJ DGDSWDWLRQV RI ¿VK )LVK QHHG R[\JHQ MXVW

like people, but the trick is getting the small amount of available oxygen out of the water and into the EORRGVWUHDP 7KH ZD\ WKDW ¿VK DFFRPSOLVK WKLV LV WKURXJK WKHLU JLOOV 7KH JLOOV FRQWDLQ WKRXVDQGV RI tiny capillaries (blood vessels). Water is constantly pumped over the gills through a combination of opening and closing the mouth and muscular contractions that force water over the gills. The oxygen is absorbed out of the water and goes directly into the bloodstream.

:DWHU WHPSHUDWXUH FDQ JUHDWO\ Dá&#x201A;&#x2021;HFW WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI IUHH R[\JHQ LQ WKH ZDWHU $V WKH

water temperature increases, the free oxygen concentration decreases. Stagnant or poor quality ZDWHU DOVR FRQWDLQV OHVV R[\JHQ $ ¿VK WKDW EHFRPHV VWUHVVHG RU RYHUO\ H[FLWHG LQ ZDWHU WKDW KDV ORZ R[\JHQ FRQWHQW FDQ KDYH VHYHUH UHVSLUDWRU\ GLá&#x201A;&#x2C6;FXOW\ DQG FDQ GLH %HFDXVH WKH DLU FRQWDLQV PXFK PRUH R[\JHQ WKDQ WKH ZDWHU VRPH SHRSOH TXHVWLRQ ZK\ ¿VK FDQQRW EUHDWKH RXW RI WKH ZDWHU 7KH OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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reason is that the small delicate lamellae (thin branching structures) in the gills will collapse when WKH ¿VK LV RXW RI WKH ZDWHU 7KLV ZLOO PDNH LW LPSRVVLEOH IRU R[\JHQ WR EH DEVRUEHG 7R GHWHUPLQH KRZ ORQJ D ¿VK FDQ EH NHSW RXW RI WKH ZDWHU KROG \RXU EUHDWK ZKHQ \RX WDNH \RXU ¿VK RXW RI WKH WDQN :KHQ \RX QHHG WR EUHDWKH WKHQ VR GRHV \RXU ¿VK

2.BE SIGHT AND SOUND

0DQ\ ¿VK KDYH DQ H[FHOOHQW VHQVH RI VLJKW DQG ¿VK VHH FRORUV 7KH\ DOVR KDYH HDUV KRZHY-

HU WKH\ GR QRW KDYH H[WHUQDO RSHQLQJV 7KH HDUV SLFN XS YLEUDWLRQV DQG KHOS WKH ¿VK KHDU DQG QDYigate. Fish also have a unique navigational aid unlike anything found on mammals. The structure is FDOOHG WKH ODWHUDO OLQH DQG UXQV DORQJ WKH VLGH RI WKH ¿VK 7KH ODWHUDO OLQH FRQWDLQV VPDOO VHQVRU\ KDLUV WKDW FDQ GHWHFW HYHQ WLQ\ YLEUDWLRQV 7KLV H[WUD RUJDQ DOORZV ¿VK WR QDYLJDWH DQG KXQW SUH\ HYHQ LQ low light or cloudy water conditions.

2.C SALTWATER VERSUS FRESHWATER AQUARIUMS While we are generally breaking down the types of aquariums you can choose into two large categories â&#x20AC;&#x201C; freshwater or saltwater â&#x20AC;&#x201C; there are actually several subcategories within each of these larger options. These subcategories have a huge impact on aspects of your tank such as cost and maintenance.

)RU IUHVKZDWHU VRPH RI WKH VXEFDWHJRULHV LQFOXGH - Planted tanks - Biotope tanks - Cichlid tanks (African or New World) - Brackish tanks - Predator tanks

)RU VDOWZDWHU WKH WKUHH PDLQ VXEFDWHJRULHV DUH - Fish-only tanks - Fish-only with live rock tanks (FOWLR) - Reef tanks

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2.CA COST

When comparing freshwater and saltwater tanks, cost is what many people assume to be

WKH PDLQ GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQFH 7KHUH LV D FRPPRQ SHUFHSWLRQ WKDW VDOWZDWHU DTXDULXPV FRVW D JRRG GHDO PRUH WKDQ IUHVKZDWHU RQHV 7R EH TXLWH KRQHVW WKLV LV JHQHUDOO\ WKH FDVH 6DOWZDWHU ¿VK WHQG WR EH PRUH expensive and these tanks tend to require additional equipment. If you choose to incorporate them, FRUDOV FDQ DOVR DGG VLJQL¿FDQWO\ WR WKH FRVW RI \RXU WDQN $OO RI WKHVH WKLQJV QHHG WR EH FRQVLGHUHG EXW GR UHDOL]H WKDW FRVW LV UHODWLYH For example, a reef tank is probably going to be the most expensive of the saltwater aquariums. Therefore, if you wanted to keep the cost more in-line with a freshwater tank, you could setup D ¿VK RQO\ RU )2:/5 WDQN <RX FRXOG DOVR GR ',< SURMHFWV IRU PXFK RI WKH DGGLWLRQDO HTXLSPHQW UHTXLUHG IRU VDOWZDWHU WDQNV 2Q WKH Ã&#x20AC;LS VLGH RI WKLV \RX FDQ FHUWDLQO\ PDNH D IUHVKZDWHU DTXDULXP very expensive. For example, if you have a heavily planted tank, the additional lighting, carbon GLR[LGH DQG IHUWLOL]HUV FDQ DGG XS IDVW $IULFDQ FLFKOLG WDQNV FDQ UHTXLUH KXJH DPRXQWV RI URFN WKDW can be equivalent to placing live rock in your tank in a saltwater setup.

2.CB SIZE

,W XVHG WR EH WKH FRPPRQ EHOLHI WKDW \RX FRXOG QRW KDYH D VDOWZDWHU WDQN XQGHU

gallons. With the rise in popularity of nano tanks, however, this is clearly no longer the case. In IDFW PDQ\ PDQXIDFWXUHUV DUH QRZ PDNLQJ JDOORQ DOO LQ RQH XQLWV H[DPSOH 1DQR &XEH +4,

VSHFL¿FDOO\ IRU VDOWZDWHU XVH ,W UHPDLQV WUXH KRZHYHU WKDW ODUJHU WDQNV DUH HDVLHU WR FDUH IRU WKDQ VPDOOHU WDQNV GXH WR LQFUHDVHG ZDWHU YROXPH 7KLV EHLQJ WKH FDVH WKHUH LV QR VLJQL¿FDQW GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQFH EHWZHHQ NHHSLQJ D IUHVKZDWHU RU D VDOWZDWHU WDQN LQ UHJDUG WR WDQN VL]H

2.CC WATER CHANGES Saltwater tanks do require some additional work during water changes, mostly related to the fact that you have to mix the saltwater beforehand. This can be time consuming as the salt tends to dissolve slowly and requires you to buy a hydrometer to check the salinity level. There are ways to make this process easier, however. One option is to keep saltwater mixing continuously in a large bucket, heated with a heater and circulated with a powerhead. Using this method, you will always have fresh water available for water changes. Another option is to purchase pre-mixed saltwater from the pet store, but this option is much more expensive. With freshwater aquariums, of course, \RX GR QRW QHHG WR PL[ VDOWZDWHU <RX GR KRZHYHU QHHG WR WUHDW WKH WDS ZDWHU ZLWK D ZDWHU SXUL¿HU WR UHPRYH WR[LF FKHPLFDOV WKDW FRXOG HQGDQJHU \RXU ¿VK

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2.CD LIGHTING Saltwater lighting can get very expensive. Many corals require metal halide lighting which is not only expensive to buy, but is also expensive to run. However, you can stay away from high-light corals and stick with power compact lighting which is a good deal cheaper than metal halide, but VWLOO PRUH H[SHQVLYH WKDQ WKH ³VWDQGDUG´ Ã&#x20AC;XRUHVFHQW OLJKWLQJ IRXQG LQ PDQ\ IUHVKZDWHU DTXDULXPV <RX FRXOG DOVR FKRRVH D ¿VK RQO\ DTXDULXP ZKHUH WKH RQO\ OLJKWLQJ UHTXLUHPHQW LV ZKDW PDNHV WKH ¿VK ORRN JRRG ,W VKRXOG DOVR EH QRWHG WKDW VDOWZDWHU FRUDOV JHQHUDOO\ UHTXLUH DFWLQLF OLJKWLQJ QRW WR mention the fact that this kind of lighting makes them really pop). Actinic lighting is not often used in IUHVKZDWHU VHWXSV DV SODQWV GR QRW EHQH¿W IURP WKDW SRUWLRQ RI WKH VSHFWUXP DQG LW FDQ SURPRWH DOJDH growth.

In the freshwater world, the planted tank is the only tank that really has a lighting requirement DQG HYHQ LQ WKHVH WDQNV FRPSDFW Ã&#x20AC;XRUHVFHQWV DUH WKH OLJKWLQJ RI FKRLFH ,Q DOO RWKHU IUHVKZDWHU aquariums, you only need the lighting that makes the tank and its inhabitants suit your tastes. No PDWWHU ZKDW WDQN \RX FKRRVH WKH VL]H DQG TXDOLW\ RI WKH OLJKWLQJ V\VWHP \RX XWLOL]H LV \RXU FKRLFH VR ultimately, you have control over how much you spend.

2.CE COLOUR

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LV PRUH YDULHW\ DQG D ZLGHU DUUD\ RI EULJKWO\ FRORUHG ¿VK DQG FRUDOV LQ WKH VDOWZDWHU ZRUOG 7KH RQO\ thing that comes close, in my opinion, is an African cichlid tank (people who do not know much about ¿VK RIWHQ PLVWDNH P\ FLFKOLG WDQN IRU D VDOWZDWHU WDQN EXW HYHQ WKHVH GR QRW KDYH WKH LQWHQVH FRORU GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQFHV IRXQG LQ D IXOO UHHI WDQN 7KHUH DUH VRPH YHU\ FRORUIXO IUHVKZDWHU ¿VK RI FRXUVH EXW WKH VSHFWUXP RI FRORU VHHQ LQ IUHVKZDWHU ¿VK LV YHU\ GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW IURP WKDW VHHQ LQ VDOWZDWHU VSHFLHV

2.CF VARIETY Again, the edge probably has to go to saltwater here. While there are certainly enough freshZDWHU VSHFLHV WR HQVXUH \RX QHYHU JHW ERUHG LW MXVW GRHVQ¶W FRPSDUH WR WKH KXJH DUUD\ RI YHU\ GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW ORRNLQJ ¿VK DQG LQYHUWHEUDWHV IRXQG LQ VDOWZDWHU VHWXSV %HLQJ DEOH WR DGG FRUDOV DQG RWKHU RGG creatures also adds to the variety found in saltwater setups. With freshwater aquariums, however, \RX VWLOO KDYH SOHQW\ RI RSWLRQV LQ VSHFLHV RI ¿VK WKDW OLYH DW DOO OHYHOV RI WKH WDQN ± \RX DOVR KDYH \RXU choice of invertebrates like snails and even dwarf frogs.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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2.CG EQUIPMENT Again, you can do a saltwater setup without a great deal of additional equipment, but the average saltwater aquarium does usually use more equipment than a freshwater setup. Examples of equipment many people use in the saltwater world that are not required in freshwater include: - Protein skimmer.

- Hydrometer.

- Salt mix - Live rock.

- Power heads (these can be found in many freshwater setups as well, but they are generally not required there).

- Additional test kits (examples: alkalinity, calcium).

- Sump.

2.CH AQUARIUM DYNAMIC With saltwater aquariums, your tank is always evolving. When you put live rock or live sand LQ \RXU WDQN KLWFK KLNHUV FRPH DORQJ DQG \RX MXVW KDYH QR LGHD ZKDW WR H[SHFW QH[W 9HU\ UDUHO\ LQ the freshwater world (outside of snails coming with plants) do you see inhabitants in your tank that were not purchased intentionally. It is really interesting to sit and watch your saltwater tank to see what is new. Now, along with this comes a negative because not all of these hitch hikers are good (examples: Aiptasia, bristle worms, mantis shrimps, etc.). It can be hard to remove some of these bad hitch hikers which can lead to added stress.

2QH EHQH¿W WKDW IUHVKZDWHU WDQNV KDYH RYHU VDOWZDWHU DTXDULXPV KRZHYHU LV WKH IDFW WKDW

IUHVKZDWHU ¿VK DUH XVXDOO\ HDVLHU WR EUHHG &LFKOLGV OLYHEHDUHUV DQG RWKHU VSHFLHV EUHHG SUROL¿FDOO\ in the home tank with little to no encouragement from the aquarist. Not only do you get to experience WKH MR\ RI KDYLQJ QHZ ¿VK LQ \RXU WDQN EXW \RX DOVR JHW WR ZDWFK FRXUWLQJ DQG PDWLQJ EHKDYLRUV 6DOWZDWHU ¿VK FDQ EH YHU\ GLá&#x201A;&#x2C6;FXOW WR EUHHG VR \RX PD\ QRW KDYH DV PDQ\ FKDQFHV WR KDYH WKHVH experiences if you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t go with a freshwater tank.

2.CI EASE OF KEEPING Similar to the fact that most (but not all) saltwater tanks are more expensive than freshwater, freshwater tanks are generally easier to care for. This is especially true when comparing a freshwater tank to a reef setup. Again, there are counter examples (comparing a heavily planted WDQN WR D ¿VK RQO\ VDOWZDWHU EXW JHQHUDOO\ WKH YDULDEOHV DUH OHVV FRPSOH[ LQ D IUHVKZDWHU VHWXS OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

16

2.CJ CORAL

2EYLRXVO\ WKHUH LV QRWKLQJ LQ WKH IUHVKZDWHU ZRUOG OLNH FRUDO ,I \RX MXVW ORYH FRUDO WKHQ VDOW-

ZDWHU LV WKH ZD\ WR JR 0\ PRWKHU LQ ODZ KDV D VDOWZDWHU VHWXS ZLWK WZR VPDOO FORZQ¿VK DQG WRQV RI FRUDO VSHFLHV 6KH GRHVQ¶W UHDOO\ FDUH IRU ¿VK DOO WKDW PXFK EXW VKH ORYHV ZDWFKLQJ WKH GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW kinds of coral in her tank. Keep in mind though that with coral comes additional maintenance. Each RQH RI \RXU FRUDO VSHFLHV PD\ UHTXLUH D GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW GLHW OLJKW OHYHO RU FXUUHQW SUHIHUHQFH <RX PXVW EH willing to put in the time to properly care for these creatures

2.D FRESHWATER AQUARIUM SETUP '$ (VVHQWLDOV $FFHVVRULHV All freshwater aquariums require similar basics â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a good tank, a solid stand, quality accesVRULHV DQG PDLQWHQDQFH WRROV %XW WR GHWHUPLQH ZKLFK NLQG RI ZKDW LWHPV \RX QHHG ¿UVW FRQVLGHU WKH DTXDWLF OLIH \RX ZDQW WR NHHS )UHVKZDWHU ¿VK FRPH LQ DOO VKDSHV DQG VL]HV ZLWK ZLGH UDQJLQJ UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU WKHLU OLYLQJ FRQGLWLRQV %HWWD ¿VK SUHIHU VPDOOHU WDQNV ZLWK DOPRVW QR FXUUHQW ZKLOH Oscar cichlids need lots of room to grow and can swim in water with low currents. Understanding WKH QHHGV RI WKH ¿VK \RX ZDQW ZLOO PDNH FKRRVLQJ \RXU WDQN HVVHQWLDOV DQG DFFHVVRULHV WKDW PXFK easier.

'% $TXDULXP )XUQLWXUH ± WDQNV VWDQGV

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how much weight can you manage (a gallon of water weighs nearly 9 lbs.), and most importantly ZKDW NLQG RI DTXDWLF OLIH \RX ZDQW WR NHHS ,I \RXU RQO\ OLPLWLQJ IDFWRU LV ¿VK W\SH UHPHPEHU WKDW PRVW IUHVKZDWHU ¿VK UHTXLUH DW OHDVW RQH JDOORQ IRU HYHU\ DGXOW LQFK WKH\ DUH ORQJ VRPH VSHFLHV OLNH JROG¿VK UHTXLUH PRUH FURNITURE TYPE 'HVNWRS WDQNV

TABLE 1

DESCRIPTION

- Compact design and footprint. ,GHDO IRU D OLPLWHG QXPEHU RI VPDOO ¿VK 0D\ LQFOXGH EXLOW LQ ¿OWHU DQG RU OLJKW

6WDQGDUG DTXDULXPV

- Small, medium and large tanks available.

- Larger tanks requires strong stands for support.

- Glass or acrylic.

Kits

,QFOXGHV WDQN DQG DW OHDVW RQH RI WKH IROORZLQJ ¿OWHU KRRG ODPS start-up conditioner, food.

- Filtration and lighting may be built into the system. *UHDW IRU ¿UVW WLPH DTXDULVWV

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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DESCRIPTION

FURNITURE TYPE Stands

- Made with wood, metal or both.

- Reinforced designs to hold up heavy tanks.

- May include supply shelves.

Cabinets

- Stands designed with closed cabinet and shelves for storage.

- Discreetly hides food and maintenance equipment. $YDLODEOH LQ D YDULHW\ RI VL]HV WR VXLW GLႇHUHQW DTXDULXPV

&DQRS\ &DELQHW &RPER

- Two-piece set for large aquariums - Cabinet holds supplies or equipment - Canopies frame tank and allow access to waterline

2.DC Hoods & Lighting

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tank, you may prefer certain types of lights over others. Some kits include hoods and lamps, but you FDQ DOZD\V FXVWRPL]H \RXU RZQ VHWXS ZLWK GLႇHUHQW OLJKW ¿[WXUHV DQG EXOEV TABLE 2

HOOD & LIGHTING TYPE Hood

DESCRIPTION

&RYHUV WDQN WR SUHYHQW ¿VK HVFDSHV DQG HYDSRUDWLRQ - Often designed to house lights or bulbs $GMXVWDEOH GHVLJQV DYDLODEOH

)OXRUHVFHQW EXOE

- Most popular aquarium lighting choice - Great for most freshwater aquariums - Come in a wide variety of spectrums - Some versions ideal for planted aquariums

+DOLGH EXOE

- Ideal for planted aquariums - May produce excess heat 5HTXLUHV VSHFLDO ¿[WXUHV IRU SURSHU XVH

Stands

- Made with wood, metal or both - Reinforced designs to hold up heavy tanks - May include supply shelves

/(' ODPS

- Typically longest lifespan of aquarium lighting systems 0RUH HQHUJ\ HႈFLHQW 0D\ DOORZ IRU OLJKW FRORU FXVWRPL]DWLRQ

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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DESCRIPTION

HOOD & LIGHTING TYPE ,QFDQGHVFHQW EXOE

- Inexpensive lighting option - Easily found and replaceable - Uses more electricity and produces more heat compared to other bulb types

2.DD FILTERS & MEDIA

)LOWHUV DUH NH\ WR NHHSLQJ \RXU WDQN FOHDQ DQG KHDOWK\ 'HWHUPLQLQJ WKH VL]H RI \RXU WDQN DQG

WKH QHHGV RI \RXU ¿VK ZLOO KHOS \RX GHFLGH ZKDW ¿OWHU V\VWHP WR JHW 0RUH SRZHUIXO ¿OWHUV DUH JUHDW IRU ODUJHU WDQNV ZKLOH VPDOOHU WDQNV RU PRUH GHOLFDWH ¿VK PD\ UHTXLUH D OHVV SRZHUIXO ¿OWHU TABLE 3 DESCRIPTION FILTER TYPE &DQLVWHU ¿OWHU

([WHUQDO ¿OWHU V\VWHP ZLWK D YDULHW\ RI PRXQWLQJ DQG LQVWDOODWLRQ options - Powerful pump for large aquariums 7KUHH VWDJH ¿OWUDWLRQ PHGLD FDQ EH UHSODFHG VHSDUDWHO\

3RZHU )LOWHUV

6WDQGDUG RYHU WKH HGJH WDQN ¿OWHUV $YDLODEOH LQ D YDULHW\ RI VL]HV 5HSODFH ¿OWHU PHGLD DV QHHGHG

)LOWHU 0HGLD

0HFKDQLFDO ¿OWHUV VWUDLQ GHEULV ZDVWH XQHDWHQ IRRG HWF %LRORJLFDO ¿OWHUV IRVWHU KHDOWK\ EDFWHULD WKDW EUHDN GRZQ DPPRQLD and nitrites &KHPLFDO ¿OWHUV UHPRYH WR[LQV WKDW FDXVH RGRU DQG ZDWHU GLVFRORUation

2.DE CLIMATE CONTROL

)UHVKZDWHU ¿VK KDYH DOO GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW WROHUDQFHV IRU ZDWHU WHPSHUDWXUH 6RPH OLNH LW WURSLFDOO\

ZDUP DQG VRPH OLNH LW FRRO $QG LW¶V QRW MXVW D PDWWHU RI SUHIHUHQFH ± WKHLU HQYLURQPHQW LPSDFWV WKHLU KHDOWK DQG EHKDYLRU /HDUQ DERXW WKH W\SH RI ¿VK \RX ZDQW WR NHHS DQG ZKDW WKHLU LGHDO ZDWHU WHPSHUDWXUH LV $ WKHUPRPHWHU DQG WKH ULJKW HTXLSPHQW FDQ KHOS \RX NHHS \RXU ¿VK KDSS\ DQG KHDOWK\ TABLE 4 DESCRIPTION EQUIPMENT 7KHUPRPHWHU

- Helps you monitor water temperature - In-tank or external options available - Digital options available

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

19

EQUIPMENT Heater

DESCRIPTION - Helps regulate tank temperature - External and submersible heating options available - Ideal for tropical tanks or cool climates $GMXVWDEOH WKHUPRVWDWV RႇHU SUHFLVH WHPSHUDWXUH FRQWURO

&KLOOHU

- Ideal for coldwater tanks or warm climates - Typically used for larger tanks - Expensive piece of equipment

2.DF MAINTENANCE & ACCESSORIES TABLE 5

EQUIPMENT $LU SXPS V\VWHPV

DESCRIPTION

- Oxygenates and circulates water - Create a stream or curtain of bubbles - Connect powered pumps to air stone with airline tubing and check YDOYH WR SUHYHQW EDFNÀRZ

*UDYHO YDFXXP

- Cleans waste and detritus from substrate - Change water while you clean 9DULHW\ RI VL]HV DYDLODEOH WR VXLW \RXU WDQN

$OJDH SDGV

- Cleans algae and other deposits on tank walls - Specially made to not damage tanks - Pads available for both glass and acrylic tanks

Net

- Makes moving aquatic life easy - Designed to safely catch aquatic life 9DULRXV VL]HV DYDLODEOH WR VXLW \RXU DTXDWLF OLIH DQG WDQN

7HVW NLWV

- Measures pH, ammonia, nitrate and more - Provides a snapshot of the health of your aquarium 6FLHQWL¿FDOO\ DFFXUDWH DQG HDV\ WR XVH

2.DG WATER ADDITIVES Water right out of the tap isn’t ready to go into your tank. Conditioners, dechlorinators, EHQH¿FLDO EDFWHULD DQG PRUH KHOS WR WUDQVIRUP \RXU ZDWHU LQWR D ¿VK VDIH HQYLURQPHQW

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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ADDITIVE

TABLE 6

$OJDH UHPRYHUV

- Helps to control algae blooms

DESCRIPTION

- Keeps water clean and clear %HQH¿FLDO EDFWHULD

- Provides tanks with healthy live bacteria - Supports natural processes like waste breakdown and tank cycling

&KORULQH KHDY\ PHWDO

1HXWUDOL]HV KDUPIXO FKORULQH IURP WDS ZDWHU

UHPRYHUV

- Use when starting tank or preparing for water changes

$PPRQLD FKORUDPLQH 1HXWUDOL]HV KDUPIXO DPPRQLD DQG FKORUDPLQH IURP WDQN ZDWHU UHPRYHUV

- Condition water for new tanks or water changes

/LYH SODQW DGGLWLYHV

- Promotes growth in planted aquariums 0D\ LQFOXGH IHUWLOL]HUV DQG QXWULHQWV

S+ FRQGLWLRQHUV

- Increases or decreases tank water pH ,GHDO IRU ¿VK WKDW SUHIHU VOLJKWO\ DFLGLF RU DONDOLQH ZDWHU

&ODUL¿HUV

- Eliminates causes of cloudy water - Conditions tank water

2.DH DECOR When all the essentials are in place, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time to add the bells and whistles. Decorate your tank with ornaments, silk plants, backgrounds and substrate of all colors to create a completely unique look for your aquarium inhabitants.

DECOR TYPES

TABLE 7

DESCRIPTION

5HVLQ URFN GULIWZRRG RU- :LGH YDULHW\ RI VKDSHV VL]HV FRORUV DQG GHVLJQV QDPHQWV

&DQ SURYLGH KLGHDZD\V RU FRYHU IRU ¿VK 3URYLGHV LQWHUHVW DQG HQULFKPHQW IRU ¿VK

$UWL¿FLDO 3ODQWV

3ODVWLF DQG VLON ¿VK VDIH SODQWV - Creates a more natural look without the maintenance requirements of live plants :LGH YDULHW\ RI VL]HV VKDSHV DQG FRORUV

%DFNJURXQGV

- Adheres to the back wall of tank - Choose from natural or fun scenes - Gives the impression of depth and texture

*UDYHO 6XEVWUDWH

- Variety of textures, shapes and colors 3URYLGHV D VXUIDFH IRU EHQH¿FLDO EDFWHULD WR FRORQL]H 6DQG JUDYHO DQG DUWL¿FLDO VXEVWUDWHV DYDLODEOH

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

21

2.E FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN An oceanarium involves more complex site design than that of an aquarium. It is a complex that generated a stimulating environment where people can observe marine life in its natural habitat with the complete underwater landscape.

2.EA PLANNING A well designed oceanarium must incorporate smooth facilitation of process and smooth circulation of people since there are chances of it being crowded so that spaces must be well designed and spacious. There are mainly 2 types of area 3XEOLF $UHD - Area with the most circulation consisting of all the exhibits and the recreational area 6HUYLFHV $UHD -All the area required for maintaining the display area for the proper functioning of oceanarium. This area should be usually kept out of sight of the visitors.

2.EB CRICULATION Main principle includes convenience, safety and aesthetics. Convenience suggests speed when desired. Easy smooth working of various operations medical checking guaranteeing to be provided from acoustical and visual nuisance.

A well designed Oceanarium must provide enough space for smooth circulation of various SURFHVV LQYROYHG LQ UXQQLQJ DGHTXDWH WKLQJV Há&#x201A;&#x2C6;FLHQW YHQWLODWLRQ DQG VDWLVIDFWRU\ VRXQG LQVXODWLRQ 6FLHQWL¿FDOO\ SHUFHLYHG VFKHPH RI VHWWLQJ XS WKH WDQN LQ KDUPRQ\ ZLWK WKH VXU URXQGLQJV WR SOHDVH the visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye.

Attention should be given for various necessary operations - such as incoming specimens their medical checking and quarantining if necessary.

Other important function includes imparting knowledge of the specimen displayed through informative themes by grouping the specimens of same type.

It is important that the exit is convenient to public and should not open into an area which would lead to their confusion and should not open near the services area. It should open into an open area in case of any emergency.

2.F AQUATIC NEED

2.FA COMMON INFORMATION ABOUT FISHES

3K YDOXH RI WKH ZDWHU VKRXOG EH FKHFNHG UHJXODUO\ SK DW WR

7HPSHUDWXUH VKRXOG QRW EH PRUH WKDQ F

3RRO VKRXOG EH GHVLJQHG LQ D ZD\ WKDW UDSLG ¿OOLQJ DQG HPSW\LQJ FDQ WDNH SODFH :DWHU RI

WKH SRRO VKRXOG EH NHSW VHSDUDWH IURP WKH ZDVWH ZDWHU RI WKH VRLO DQG URRI UXQRá&#x201A;&#x2021;V

6DOLQLW\ FKHFNV VKRXOG WDNH SODFH DW WLPHO\ LQWHUYDOV DQG VKRXOG EH EHWZHHQ WR JPV

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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Bacterial content of the pool should be monitored and should be kept low as much as possible it VKRXOG QRW H[FHHG SHU PO

7RWDO ¿OWUDWLRQ WXUQRYHU WLPH VKRXOG QRW H[FHHG KRXUV 2.FB FEEDIGN INFORMATION

)RRG FKDUW VKRXOG EH PDLQWDLQHG ZKHUH GLHW RI HDFK ¿VK LV QRWHG GRZQ

(YHU\ VSHFLHV RI ¿VK KDYH GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW GLHW DQG IRRG VKRXOG EH JLYHQ DFFRUGLQJO\ WKH\ VKRXOG

be fed at least once in 3 days.

)RRG JLYHQ WR VPDOO ¿VKHV OLYLQJ LQ ODUJH JURXSV VKRXOG EH PHDVXUHG LQ JUDPV DQG DQ

account of the amount of food given should be kept.

- Food should be of wholesome and of standard quality it should have the nutritional value to NHHS WKH ¿VK KHDOWK\ - Food should be prepared with care that no bacterial contamination takes place food kept in IUHH]HU VKRXOG EH NHSW DW F DQG VKRXOG EH XVHG DW WKH DSSURSULDWH WLPH FDUH VKRXOG EH WDNHQ that the food does not expire.

2.FC HYGIENE CARE

$OO WKH ZDOO¶V DQG WKH Ã&#x20AC;RRUV VKRXOG EH FOHDQHG RQ GDLO\ EDVLV QR IRRG SDUWLFOHV VKRXOG UH-

main at the bottom of the tanks.

:DWHU VKRXOG EH FOHDQ IRU WKH ¿VKHV - Kitchen area should be washed daily and all the utensils should be cleaned on daily.

2.FD HEALTH CHECKUPS - Programs to measure illness prevention and control must be set up regularly.

- Fishes should be observed, the way they swim or the change of skin color or diet may suggest illness.

- Newly arrived dolphins should be kept apart from others until good health is assured.

,VRODWLRQ SRROV PXVW EH VHW XS IRU LOO RU VLFN ¿VKHV

$ KHDOWK UHFRUG IRU ¿VKHV VKRXOG EH NHSW ZLWK DOO WKH UHTXLUHG GDWD

- An autopsy should be carried out by a vet when an animal dies.

2.FE TEMPERATURE -For economic reasons, it is desirable to maintain an even temperature throughout the OceanDULXP DQG LV EHVW IRU WKH KHDOWK RI ¿VK

0RVW ¿VKHV QHHG WHPSHUDWXUH RI GHJUHH )DKUHQKHLW GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH VHDVRQ 7HP-

SHUDWXUH RI I F F LV FRPSDWLEOH IRU YLVLWRUV DQG ZLOO SHUPLW DXWRPDWLF PDLQWHQDQFH RI display tanks at same temperature.

- Avoid mercury thermometer cause it might break and poison the tank.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

23

- During winters heaters and during summers coolers shall be used.

:DWHU FLUFXODWLRQ PXVW EH VXá&#x201A;&#x2C6;FLHQW WR GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;XVH KHDW HYHQO\ 7KLV FLUFXODWLRQ PXVW EH

PDLQWDLQHG HLWKHU E\ DHUDWLRQ RU E\ DQ DGHTXDWH QXPEHU RI ¿VKHV DFWLYH HQRXJK WR HQVXUH WKLV 2.FF LIGHTING - Lighting is very important for an aquarium and is always neglected having the appropriate light stimulates natural daylight in the tank.

)ORUHVFHQW OLJKWV WKH EHVW OLJKW LQ WKH WDQN WKH\ GRQ¶W OHW WKH ¿VK JR DZRO WKH\ DUH DOVR YHU\

easy to install n make feeding n cleaning of the tank very easy. Avoid incandescent lights as they JLYH RI WRR PXFK KHDW ZKLFK FRXOG VWUHVV WKH ¿VK DV ZHOO DV HYDSRUDWHV PRUH ZDWHU IURP WKH WDQN

2.G WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM There are 3 types of water supply system 1. Open water system 2. Semi-closed water system 3. Closed water system 2.GA OPEN WATER SYSTEM

,Q RSHQ V\VWHPV WKH ZDWHU Ã&#x20AC;RZV WKURXJK WKH DTXDULXP RQFH DQG LV GLVFDUGHG 7KLV SUR vides water quality comparable to that of the natural environment and there is no buildup of toxic PHWDEROLF ZDVWHV KRZHYHU WHPSHUDWXUH FRQWURO DQG SXPSLQJ DUH XVXDOO\ FRVWO\ DQG ¿OWUDWLRQ RIWHQ is necessary. Hence an open system is not preferred.

2.GB SEMI-CLOSED WATER SYSTEM Semis closed are the same as closed systems except that there is a constant connection to the water supply and the problem of dissolved wastes is controlled by the regular addition of QHZ ZDWHU WKLV V\VWHP LV PRUH HFRQRPMFDO WKDQ WKH RSHQ W\SH LQ WHUPV RI WHPSHUDWXUH FRQWURO DQG pumping.

2.GC CLOSED WATER SYSTEM Water is continuously re-circu-lated in closed systems and is on]y re-newed periodically. MetDEROLF ZDVWHV PXVW EH WUHDWHG VLQFH WKH\ DUH QRW FRQWLQXRXVO\ Ã&#x20AC;XVKHG IURP WKH V\VWHP $Q LPSRUWant problem is that ammo-nia must be rapidly removed or trans-formed because it is harmful even at very low concentrations. In the aquar-ium the bacteria that converts ammo-nia to nitrite reside SULPDULO\ LQ WKH ¿O WHU PDWHULDO DQG D VORZ VDQG ¿OWHU ZLWK D ODUJH VXUIDFH DUHD LV XVXDOO\ SURYLGHG WR ensure their abundance.

3ODQW JURWK LQ WKH DTXDULXP HVSHFLDOO\ LQ PDULQH V\VWHPV DUH QRW XVXDOO\ VXá&#x201A;&#x2C6;FLHQW WR XWLOL]H WKH HQtire nitrate produced by bacteria from ni-trite. Although some aquariums have operated many years ZLWK D PLQLPXP RI ZDWHU UHQHZDO LW LV QRUPDOO\ QHFHV VDU\ WR UHSODFH IURP WR RI WKH ZDWHU SHU OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

24

month to maintain a low level of nitrates.

The use of charcoal in both fresh water and seawater system helps to slow down the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes. Metabolic wastes also cause an increase in the acidity of water. Carbonate compollllds are commonly used to maintain an optimal level of acidity, particularly when water renewal is infrequent.

2.H THE PLANNERS

The Promotors have a site that apperas to be

suitable. It should be readily accessible by both public transportation and

private vehicals, and should, if possi-

ble, be easily reached by tourist. Adequate vehical parkign in this area is desirable.

,W LV GHVLUDEOH WR KDYH D Ă RZ SDWWHUQ IRU YLVLWRUV

)LJ 9LVLWRUV Ă RZ SDWWHUQ

Design can quite readily lead the visitor into the desired path in most situations. Upon entering, a visitor will generally turn right, provided no attractions draw him elsewhere. By placing disply WDQNV DW DQ DQJOH ZLWK KH ZLOO QRUPDOO\ SURFHHG LQ WKDW GLUHFWLRQ 2SHQ Ă RRU H[KLELWV FDQ VHUYH as shields and contineous to draw the visitorsr along the desired path.

Handrails to keep the public about 3ft from the viewing glass may be desirable. Opinion is divided among aquarists regarding rails. When large number of visitors are present, a rail keeps them back from the glass and permits more people a better view. On the other hand, close inspection of small organisms is then not possible.

Fig 2: Plan of tank gallery

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

25

Fish must not come into contact with water containing metal particles. Mains water must Ă&#x20AC;UVW EH Ă&#x20AC;OWHUHG ZLWK FDUERQ $ GLVWLQFWLRQ LV PDGH EHWZHHQ ÂśRSHQ V\VWHPV¡ ZLWK VLQJOH WKURXJKĂ RZ ZDWHU FKDQJHV SHU KRXU DQG ÂśFORVHG V\VWHPV¡ ZLWK Ă&#x20AC;OWHU DQG UHFLUFXODWLRQ ZDWHU UHQHZDO LQ WZR ZHHNV )UHVK DQG VHD ZDWHU UHVHUYHV RI RI WKH WRWDO YROXPH VKRXOG EH KHOG Lighting of aquariums requires particular care to harmonise with the creaturesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; natural habitat DQG WR DYRLG UHĂ HFWLRQ LQ WKH GLVSOD\ WDQN VXUIDFHV

2.HA THE OPERATIONS AREA

7KH LPPHGLDWH ZRUN DUHD EHKLQG WKH GLVSOD\ WDQNV PD\ EH FRQVLGHUHG Ă&#x20AC;UVW WKH ZRUN DUHD

Ă RRU VKRXOG EH DERXW IW KLJKHU WKDQ WKH SXEOLF DUHD Ă RRU WKLV LV GLFWDWHG E\ WKH KHLJKW RI WKH average visitors looking into the approximate center of viewing glass of the averaeg large display WDQN 0RVW GLVSOD\ WDQNV DUH SODFHG RQ Ă RRU RI WKH ZRUN DUHD 7DQNV VKRXOG EH SODFHG WR SHUPLW ease of cleaning by aquarists.

Holding tanks to receive new specimens for qarantine and space to hold surplus or sick specimens should be placed along the rear wall of the work area or in any other convenient locations. Each of these holding tanks should have its own recirculating system. The total holding capacity should be equal to about one third of the displa yvolume but may-vary cansiderably, depending upon the size of display tanks and specimens as well as the mortality rate and replacement need.

All quarantine tanks should be provided with drain valves to permit rapid drainage after treatment procedures. All tanks should have removable pump screens.

The various main supply pipes from the reserviors should extends around the aquarLXP RYHU WKH GLVSOD\ WDQNV 7KHVH VKRXOG EH PLQLPXP RI IW DERYH WKH ZRUN DUHD Ă RRU DQG VKRXOG KDYH IUHTXHQW WDS YDOYHV IURP ZKLFK E\ Ă HVLEOH KRVH UHSODFHPHQW ZDWHU RU FRQWLQXRXV Ă RZ PD\ EH IHG WR DWQNV GHSHQGLQJ XSRQ WKH V\VWHP ,W LV LPSRUWDQW WR KDYH VKXWRÉ&#x203A; YDOYHV FRQYHQLHQWO\ located along the major supply lines to facilitate plumbing repairs.

Natural lighting should be held to minimum unless completely controllable. Natural light promote alage growth on interior of tanks.

Flexible lighting system over each tank should include the capability of being lifted out RI WKH ZD\ ZKHQ FOHDQLQJ WDQNV RU IHHGLQJ VSHFLPHQV 6XÉ&#x153;FLHQWO\ ZDWHUSURRI RXWOHWV VKRXOG EH provided for auxiliray or special lighting.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

26

Fig 3: service area section A clear passage about 6ft wide should exetend to permit the easy transport of tanks. The VXUIDFH RI ZRUN DUHD Ă RRU VKRXOG KDYH D QRQVNLG Ă&#x20AC;QLVK )ORRU GUDLQV ZLWK VDQG WUDSV DUH DEVROXWHO\ QHFHVVDU DQG Ă RRUV VKRXOG EH VORSH WR GUDLQV :DWHU UHVLVWDQW PDWHULDOV VKRXOG EH XVHG LQ DOO SODFH adjecent to tanks.

In any aquarium a two-way intercome system is very important. The work area should be seperated acoustically from the public area.

Interior windows may be desirable to permit visitors to view the more intersting operational features.

2.HB TEMPERATURE

1. For economic reasons it is desirable to maintain an even temperature throughout the 2FHDQDULXP DQG LV EHVW IRU WKH KHDOWK RI Ă&#x20AC;VK 0RVW Ă&#x20AC;VKHV QHHG WHPSHUDWXUH RI GHJUHH IDKUHQKHLW GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH VHDVRQ Temperature of 72f (260c - 280c) is compatible for visitors and will permit automatic maintanence of display tanks at same temperature.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

27

3. Avoid mercury thermometer cause it might break and poison the tank.

4. During winters heaters and during summers coolers shall be used. :DWHU FLFUFXODWLRQ PXVW EH VXɜFLHQW WR GLɛXVH KHDW HYHQO\ 7KLV FLUFXODWLRQ PXVW EH maintained either E\ DHUDWLRQ RU E\ DQ DGHTXDWH QXPEHU RI ÀVKHV DFWLYH HQRXJKW WR HQVXUH WKLV

Fig 4: cross-section through coral reef tank.

2.HC LIGHTING

1. Lighting is very important for an aquarium and is always neglected having the appropriate light stimulates natural daylight in the tank.

2. Florescent lights the best light in the tank. $YRLG LQFDQGHVFHQW OLJKWV DV WKH\ JLYH RI WRR PXFK KHDW ZKLFK FRXOG VWUHVV WKH ÀVK DV ZHOO DV evaporates more water from the tank.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

28

Fig 5: simple Life Supporting System (LSS).

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

29

Fig 6: simple diagram of aquarium water system.

2.I TYPES OF DISPLAY TANKS 2.IA TOUCH POOL 7KHVH DUH VKDOORZ SRROV RI ZDWHU VWDá&#x201A;&#x2021;HG E\ FRRUGLQDWRU ZKHUH SHRSOH FDQ PDNH FRQWDFW ZLWK FRORXUIXO DQG LQWHUHVWLQJ FUHDWXUHV RI WKH VHD OLNH VPDOO VKDUNV UD\V VHD VKHOO¿VKHV

Fig 7: Touch pool exhibit.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

30

2.IB MICRO AQUARIUMS In order to retain educational value of ocenarium, there are individual micro aquariums allowing WKH YLVLWRUV WR ]RRP LQ ZLWK DGMXVWDEOH PDJQLI\LQJ YRLG FDPHUD E\ WKH KHOS RI MR\VWLFN

Fig 8: Micro aquarium.

2.IC CORAL REEF TANK ,W LV D KXJH WDQN UHSUHVHQWLQJ WKH HQWLUH UHHI HQYLURQPHQW DQG KRXVLQJ FRPPXQLW\ RI WKH ¿VKHV WKDW live and survive in the coral reef.

Fig 9: Coral Reef Tank.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

31

2.ID PREDATOR TANKS 7KHVH DUH WKH PRVW H[FLWLQJ WDQN LQ WKH DTXDULXP DQG QRUPDOO\ KRXVH GLႇHUHQW W\SHV RI VKDUNV DQG rays.

Fig 10: Perdator tank.

2.IE COMMUNITY AQUARIUM 7KHVH KRXVHV DUH PRUH WKDQ RQH VSHFLHV RI ¿VKHV GHSHQGLQJ XSRQ HDFK RWKHU IRU VXUYLYDO 2.IF TURTLE POOL These are small ponds housing turtles.

Fig 11: Turtle exhibit.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

32

2.IG CROCODILE MOATS These house marine as well as fresh water crocodiles separately ,complete with pound like naturaJ environment for crocodiles.

2.IH DOLPHINARIUM These are popular among kids where they can see playful dolphin and interact with them.

Fig 12: Dolphinarium.

2.II FRESH WATER DISPLAY +HUH WURSLFDO FRORXUIXO IUHVK ZDWHU ¿VKHV IURP WKH SRXQG DQG ¿VKHV DV ZHOO DV KRXVH DTXDULXPV DUH GLVSOD\HG WKHVH DOVR LQFOXGH DUWL¿FLDO SRXQGV DQG ZDWHUIDOOV

Fig 13: Fresh water exhibit.

2.IJ AQUATIC MUSEUM It houses a complete collection of marineatr facts from shark teethâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to bones.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

33

2.J MATERIAL OF TANK 1. Acrylic is half the weight of glass.It is easier to ship, move and set up.

2. Acrylic is stronger than glass and will not shatter or leak like glass.

3. Acrylic distorts much less and is clearer than glass. ,I WKH WHPSHUDWXUH REMHFWV LV VXUURXQGHG E\ DQRWKHU PDWHULDO WKDW KDV WKH VDPH LQGH[ RI UHIUDFWLRQ ZLOO WDNH SODFH DQG WKH REMHFW ZLOO DSSHDU LQYLVLEOH DQG ZLWKRXW GLVWRUWLRQ HYHQ DW LQFUHDVHG YLHZLQJ angles.

5HÃ&#x20AC;HFWLRQV DOVR GRQ¶W WDNH SODFH LQVLGH DQ DFU\OLF *ODVV LQ RWKHU KDQG KDV D V8JKW WLQW DQG WKH UHIUDFWLYH LQGH[ RI JODVV LV GLá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHQW WKDQ ZDWHU VR GLVWRUWLRQ KDSSHQV ZKHUH LQ DFU\OLF KDV WKH VDH refractive index as water so the view is much clearer.

7KH KXJH FOHDU DFU\OLF XVHG DV WKH YLHZLQJ ZLQGRZ LV DERXW LQFKHV WKLFN 7. Acrylic are also very good because they provide light to penetrate inside which is good for the coral reef system. $FU\OLF LV DOVR XVHG FDXVH LW GRHV QRW D8RZ ZDWHU WHPSHUDWXUH Ã&#x20AC;DFWXDWLRQ 9. Acrylic is also used because it has a better molecular bond than glass.Any custom made shape can be made out of acrylic sheet.

2.K TANK DIMENSIONS 2.KA TANK LENGHT 7KLV LV WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW IDFWRU LQ D WDQN VLQFH LW LV WKH GLPHQVLRQ ZKLFK ZLOO NHHS ¿VK DV IDU DSDUW as possible and give them enough space to swim around in the tank especially for cruise predators.

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,I D ¿VK LV D SRRU VZLPPHU WKHQ ZH FDQ JHW DORQJ ZLWK MXVW [ ZLWKRXW DQ\ DGGLWLRQDO OHQJWK GHVSLWH the aggression factor. Thus for a single specimen,where L - Lenght. )/ ([FHSWHG PD[LPXP ¿VK OHQJKW 3HDFHIXO ¿VK SHDFHIXO WDQNPDWHV / )/ [ $JJUHVVLYH ¿VK JRRG VZLPPHUV / )/ [ [ $JUJUHVVLYH ¿VK SRRU VZLPPHUV / )/ [ $JJUHVVLYH ¿VK FUXLVH SUHGDWRUV / )/ [ [ OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

34

0LOG WHPSHUDPHQW FUXLVH SUHGDWRUV / )/ [ [ O 3DLU RI DJJUHVVLYH ¿VK FUXLVH SUHGDWRUV / )/ [ [ [ , W 2.KB TANK WIDTH

7KH WDQN VKRXOG KDYH D PLQLPXP RI [ DGXOW ¿VK ERG\ OHQJWK DV WKH ZLGWK :LWK ¿VK ZKLFK

KDYH D ERG\ ZLGWK RYHU FP WKH IDFWRU VKRXOG EH [ DGXOW ¿VK OHQJWK ZKLOH IRU ¿VK ERG\ RYHU FP WKH IDFWRU VKRXOG EH / [ RU DQ\ DGGLWLRQDO FP LQ ERG\ WKH IDFWRU VKRXOG EH LQFUHDVHG E\ 7KXV D UHG WDLO FDW¿VK ZLWK D ERG\ ZLGWK RI HPV VKRXOG KDYH D IDFWRU RI [ 6LQFH WKH DGXOW ¿VK KDV D OHQJWK RI FP WKLV EHFRPHV D FP ZLGWK 7KH UHVXOWLQJ YDOXHV WDNH WKH YROXPH RFFXSLHG E\ common aquascaping into account.

7KH WDQN VKRXOG KDYH D PLQLPXP RI [ DGXOW ¿VK ERG\ OHQJWK DV WKH ZLGWK :LWK ¿VK ZKLFK

KDYH D ERG\ ZLGWK RYHU FP WKH IDFWRU VKRXOG EH [ DGXOW ¿VK OHQJWK ZKLOH IRU ¿VK ERG\ RYHU FP WKH IDFWRU VKRXOG EH / [ RU DQ\ DGGLWLRQDO FP LQ ERG\ WKH IDFWRU VKRXOG EH LQFUHDVHG E\ 7KXV D UHG WDLO FDW¿VK ZLWK D ERG\ ZLGWK RI HPV VKRXOG KDYH D IDFWRU RI [ 6LQFH WKH DGXOW ¿VK KDV D OHQJWK RI FP WKLV EHFRPHV D FP ZLGWK 7KH UHVXOWLQJ YDOXHV WDNH WKH YROXPH RFFXSLHG E\ common aquascaping into account. Thus for a single specimen,where W - Tank width. )/ ([FHSWHG PD[LPXP ¿VK OHQJKW )LVK ERG\ ZLGWK FP : )/ [ FP ¿VK ERG\ ZLGWK FP : )/ [ FP LVK ERG\ ZLGWK FP : )/ [ )LVK ERG\ ZLGWK FP : )/ [ 2.KC TANK HEIGHT

)RU KHLJKW LW LV UHFRPPHQGHG D EDUH PLQLPXP RI FPV DQG WKHQ WR DGG XS [ )LVK ERG\

KHLJKW )+ IRU D ¿VK ERG\ KHLJKW RI OHVV WKDQ FP DQG [ IRU ¿VKHV ZLWK D ERG\ KHLJKW RYHU FPV RU D ¿VK WKDW VWD\V DW WKH ERWWRP D IDFWRU RI [ %RG\ KULJKW VKRXOG EH XVHG 7KXV IRU D VLQJOH specimen,where H - Tank Hight. )+ ([FHSWHG PD[LPXP ¿VK +HLJKW )LVK ERG\ KHLJKW FP )LVK + FPV +[

ERG\ KHLJKW! FP )LVK + FPV )+ [

ERG\ KHLJKW FP + FPV )+ [

5D\ LVK ERG\ KHLJKW ! FP + FPV )+ [

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2.KD EXAMPLE CALCULATION

)RU ¿VK RYHU FPV LQ DGXOW ERG\ OHQJWK WKH WDQN VL]H VKRXOG EH FDOFX-DWHG E\ WKH formula L x W x H as previously described. / [ [ FPV : FPV + FPV 5HVXOW OLWHUV 3DLU OLWHUV But a tank for same species which is usually aggressive but no a good swimmer ther formula gives: / ; FPV : FPV + FPV 5HVXOW OLWHUV )RU D SDLU DGGLWLRQDO VKRXOG EH DGGHG ZKLFK JLYHV D UHVXOW RI OLWHUV

2.L DOME THEATER Real life experiences completely envelope our senses. The more closely we invoke natural QHXUDO UHVSRQVHV WKH PRUH UHDO D V\QWKHWLF HQYLURQPHQW EHFRPHV KH KXPDQ H\H SURYLGHV D ¿HOG RI YLHZ RI DERXW Â&#x192; KRUL]RQWDO [ Â&#x192; YHUWLFDO $V DQ LPDJH DSSURDFKHV FRPSOHWH FRYHUDJH RI RXU retina it appear frameless and lacks the visual cue that our brain uses to identify it as a dimensionOHVV SLFWXUH /DUJHU ¿HOG RI YLHZ LPDJHV LQFUHDVH WKH VXEMHFWLYH IHHOLQJV RI H[SDQVH QDWXUDOQHVV depth and powerfulness.

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space. The way they are lit with theatrical lighting, the silent environment, and the env eloping feel have all added to the mystique that an audience feels when entering a domed theater chamber.

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Fig 14: Dome theater Plan.

Fig 15: Dome theater section.

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0 5(67$85$176 2.MA SPACE REQUIREMENTS

7R EH DEOH WR HDW FRPIRUWDEO\ RQH SHUVRQ UHTXLUHV D WDEOH DUHD RI DURXQG FP ZLGH E\ FP

GHHS 7KLV SURYLGHV VXá&#x201A;&#x2C6;FLHQW FOHDUDQFH EHWZHHQ DGMDFHQW GLQHUV $OWKRXJK DQ DGGLWLRQDO FP RI VSDFH LQ WKH FHQWUH IRU GLVKHV DQG WXUHHQV LV VRPHWLPHV GHVLUDEOH DQ RYHUDOO ZLGWK RI FP is suitable for a dining table. Round tables, or tables with six or eight sides, with a diameter of FP DUH LGHDO IRU IRXU SHRSOH DQG FDQ DOVR WDNH RQH RU WZR PRUH GLQHUV

Fig 16: Restaurent standards 1

Fig 17: Restaurent standards 2

Fig 18: Restaurent standards 3 OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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Fig 19: Restaurent standards 4

Fig 20: Restaurent standards 5

2. MB RESTAURANTS ARRANGEMENTS Before any restaurant or inn is built, the organisational sequence should be carefully planned. ,W LV HVVHQWLDO WR HVWDEOLVK ZKDW PHDOV ZLOO EH Rá&#x201A;&#x2021;HUHG DQG DW ZKDW TXDOLW\ DQG TXDQWLW\ ,W LV QHFHVVDU\ WR GHFLGH ZKHWKHU LW ZLOO EH D OD FDUWH ZLWK ¿[HG RU FKDQJLQJ GDLO\ PHQXV SODWH RU WDEOH VHUYLFH self-service or a mixed system. Before deciding on the layout. it is important to know the anticipated numbers and type of clientele and the customer mix. Bring in planning specialists in kitchen and cold store design, as well as in electrical, heating and ventilation systems and washing/toilet facilities.

The position of the site will suggest what type of inn or restaurant is likely to be suitable.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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The main room of a restaurant is the customersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; dining room, and the facilities should correspond with the type of operation. A number of additional tables and chairs should be available IRU Ã&#x20AC;H[LEOH WDEOH JURXSLQJV ,I DSSURSULDWH SURYLGH VSHFLDO WDEOHV IRU UHJXODU FXVWRPHUV

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food bar may be installed for customers who are in a hurry. Large dining rooms can be divided into ]RQHV 7KH NLWFKHQ VWRUHURRPV GHOLYHU\ SRLQWV WRLOHWV DQG RWKHU VHUYLFH DUHDV VKRXOG EH JURXSHG DURXQG WKH GLQLQJ URRP DOWKRXJK WRLOHWV FDQ EH RQ DQRWKHU Ã&#x20AC;RRU Structural columns in a dining room are best in the middle of a group of tables or at the corner RI D WDEOH 7KH FHLOLQJ KHLJKW RI D GLQLQJ URRP VKRXOG UHODWH WR WKH Ã&#x20AC;RRU DUHD P2 P ! P2, P ! P2 P DERYH RU EHORZ JDOOHULHV P

Fig 22: Alcoves arrangment.

Fig 21: Minimal seating layout.

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Fig 24: Parallel table arrangment.

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Fig 25: Diagonal table arrangment.

Fig 26: Minimum table spacing.

Fig 27: Space Requirements OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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CHAPTER 3

SITE DETAILS MAHABALIPURAM BEACH, TAMIL NADU

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3.A SITE 3.AA LOCATION

MAHABALIPURAM (12 sq.km)

Site location

Fig : 28 - Site Location Site Location : Mahabalipuram Beach, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu.

Area : 20 Acers

3.B MAHABALIPURAM Mallapuram, also called Mahabalipuram or Seven Pagodas, historic

town, northeast Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It lies along the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal 37 miles (60 km) south of Chennai (Madras).

The townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s religious centre was founded by a 7th-century-ce Hindu Pallava kingâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Narasimhavarman, also known as Mamallaâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;for whom the town was named. Ancient Chinese, Persian, and Roman coins found at Mamallapuram point to its earlier existence as a seaport. It contains many surviving 7th- and 8th-century Pallava temples and monuments, chief of which are the sculptured rock relief popularly known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;Arjunaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Penance,â&#x20AC;? or â&#x20AC;&#x153;Descent of the Ganges,â&#x20AC;? a series of sculptured cave temples, and a Shaiva temple on the seashore.

7KH WRZQ¡V Ă&#x20AC;YH UDWKDV RU PRQROLWKLF WHPSOHV DUH the remnants of seven temples, for which the town was known as Seven Pagodas. The entire assemblage collectively was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1984.

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3.C SITE LOCATION

N Shroe Temple

Bay Of Bengal

Mahabalipuram Beach

200

300

15 Acers

300

200

Total Area - 20Acers Oceanarium - 15Acers Adventure water sports - 5Acers

Fig : 29 - Shape of site and its location.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

Site falls under CRZ (Coastal Regulation Zone) I & II. 45

3.D LANDMARKS

Fig : 30 - Famous Landmarks around site.

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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3.E PHYSICAL FACTORS 3.EA CLIMATE: 3.EAA Wind: 3.EAB Direction :

N NW

NE

W

E SW

SE

S Fig : 31 - Direction of wind at site.

The wind direction is usually start from NE (North East) direction to SW (South West) direction.

3.EAC Maximum, Minimum and Average Velocity :

Fig : 32 - Wind speed at Mahabalipuram.

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48

3.EAD Special Forces :

Fig : 33 - Cyclone path (Vardha-Cyclone).

3.EAE Solar orientation Sun angles

Fig : 34 - Sun Path Diagaram at site.

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49

Shading of (or from) adjecent structures, Natural feature & Vegetations 1. The site is not surrounded by any built up structures.

2. There is advantage of using more natural lighting.

3. Here North side is shaded side and SW, S, SE are the side which will get more sunlight.

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1

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SLOPE

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3.EC VISUAL CHARACHTERISTICS

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PARKING BUS STAND

PARKING

1 PUBLIC ENTRY

2 ENTRY 2

ROAD SIDE PARKING

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COCONUT TREE

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3.ED GEOTECHNICAL / SOIL Soil type: Brown soil.

Environmental hazards: Possible Enivironmental hazards that can occure in site is Cyclone & Tsunami

3.EE UTILITES Portable water - Ground Water level is at 4.38m (As per GROUNDWATER YEAR BOOK OF TAMIL NADU AND U. T. OF PUDUCHERRY 2014-2015) Also from public water tanks.

Electricity - No HT lines cross over the site.

Telephone - Telephone line are avilable along the road side of site.

3.EF IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS Neighborhood structures

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)LJ LIGHT HOUSE

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NOISE LEVEL

)LJ Noise Map. OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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3.F CULTURAL FACTORS 3.FA SITE HISTORY 3.FAA SITE USES 1. Site doesn’t contain any hazardous dumping or waste dumping area.

7KH VLWH LV DOVR QRW VXUURXQGHG E\ DQ\ ODQGÀOO 3. Currently the site is not used by the public crowd as 3.FAB LAND OWNERSHIP The land is currently owned by goverment and no public peoples are allowed inside site without permission.

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CHAPTER 4

CASE STUDY OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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TARAPOREWALA

AQUARIUM

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LOCATION : Near Charni Road Railway Station, Mumbai.

OPENED : 1951 HOURS : 10 AM - 8 PM TOTAL NUMBER OF FISH SPESIES : 400

$ )LJ

LOCATION MARINE DRIVE, MUMBAI.

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4.B PLAN - GROUND FLOOR

A - ENTRANCE FOYER B - LOBBY SPACE C - AV HALL D - QUARANTINE ROOM E - OFFICE ROOM F - TROPHYCAL WATER FISH DISPLAY G - FRESH WATER FISH DISPLAY H - SERVICE ROOM

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4.E SERVICE SPACES

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LIGHTING AT FRESHWATER TANK 72

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)LJ TUNNEL TANK FEATURES 1. Flexi Glass (at entrance) - 120mm Thick.

2. Lenght - 15ft.

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4.F FRESH WATER FISHES 1. Coral Fish.

2. Sea Turtle.

3. Sea Horse.

4. Sea Snake.

5. Eel Fish.

6. Crabs.

7. Sharks.

8. Shark.

9. Octopus, etc., 4.G QUARANTINE ROOM 1. 20ft x 15ft in size $OO QHZHO\ DUULYHG ÀVKHV DUH EURXJKW WR 4XDUDQWLQ URRP DQG DUH PDLQWDLQHG 7KH ÀVKHV DUH WKHQ transferd to dispaly area.

3. All treatment and care are happens in Quarantin room.

4. Totally 48 tanks are in this aquarium.

4.H LSS (Life Support System) The sea water is collected and it is being collected in tanks and stored. The water is then sent to ÀOOWUDWLRQ SURFHVV 7KHVH ÀOOWHUHG ZDWHU LV WKHQ XVHG WR IUHVK ZDWHU ÀVKHV 4.I AMPHITHEATER The AMPHITHEATER has the capacity of 47 seats. Films are projectd manly for kids such as Marine life & Technology, Animation movies about pollution.

4.J POPULATION $YHUDJH SRSXODWLRQ ÁRZ LV DERXW SHU GD\ DQG ZKFLK LV DERXW RQ +ROLGD\ WLPH 2. Major Age group visiting oceanarium is school students and small kids with their parent.

4.K LIGHTING $UWLÀFLDO /LJKWLQJ LV PDMRUO\ XVHG 2. For Tanks the use halogen, Flurocent light.

4.L PARKING 1. There is no parking space in Aquarium.

2. People who are by car should park their car to nearby parking space which is away from Aquarium.

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4.M SIGNAGES AND DIGITAL DISPLAY

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),* 6HD ZDWHU XVHG IRU DTXDULXP 1. Collecting sea water.

2. Storing of sea water.

3. Filltering of sea water suitable for marine life. &ROOHFWLQJ RI Ã&#x20AC;OOWHUHG ZDWHU 5. Water used in Aquarium.

6. Re-Filltering of water from Fish tank. &ROOHFWLQJ Ã&#x20AC;OOWHUHG ZDWHU

OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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The aquarium is built on a concept that the mythological city of the Atlantis is below the sea and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a recreation of the city underwater VXUURXQGHG E\ Ã&#x20AC;VKHV LW JLYHV WKH LGHD RI KRZ WKH architecture of the Palace of the Atlantis king was and insight of how the rooms were designed.

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THE LOST CHAMBERS

AQUARIUM

LOCATION: The Palm , Dubai.

DEVELOPERS: Kerzner International.

Concept Architect: Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo (WATG)

Other facilities in Aquarium

FISH HOSPITAL

FISH KITCHEN

RESTAURENT

RESEARCH CENTER

HOTEL

1. The Aquaruim has over 65000 Species and creature.

2. Aquarium has soem of exoticspecis like Eels, Seahorses, Arapaima, Pirhanas, etc., $OVR 7RXFKSRROV DUH LQ $TXDULXP ZKHUH YLVWRUV FDQ LQWHUDFW ZLWK ÀVKHV $OVR WKH DTXDULXP LV DOORZLQJ SHRSOH ´%HKLQG WKH VFHQHµ ZKHUH WKH\ IHHG ÀVK

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4.N TYPES OF FISH TANKS There are about 21 Tanks in this aquarium.

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Lobster Crawl, *LDQW &DWÃ&#x20AC;VK Pirhana, Giant Grouper, Flagtail, Lion Fish, Seahorse, Live Coral, Jewel Exibit, Battery Tank, Anchovy, Stingrays, Sea Nettles, -HOO\Ã&#x20AC;VK Coral, Moray, Leather Jacket, Lion Fish, Arapaima OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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I

n their project, the Danish architects 3XN were inspired by the shape of water in HQGOHVV PRWLRQ DV RFHDQ FXUUHQWV DQG VFKRROV RI Ă&#x20AC;VK $V D UHVXOW WKH\ GHQRWHG WKH DTXDULXP WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;whirlpoolâ&#x20AC;?. The building connects land and sea, drawing both the great outdoors and visitors inside. That in itself tells the story of what awaits inside. The reason for the architectural tender was the poor structural condition of the traditional Danish aquarium in Charlottenlund, which Ă&#x20AC;UVW RSHQHG LQ DQG LW KDG UHDFKHG LWV FDSDFLW\ OLPLW 7KH QHZ DTXDULXP VKRXOG FRQIRUP WR the requirements of a global sea adventure center, housing an approximate 10,000 qm² exhibition area up to modern technical standards

Design adds Functionality

In contrast to various other metals Novelis aluminium poses no risk of ground water pollution. This way rain water can be collected and passed on into the aquarium without ablution. The entire metal envelope consists of approximately 27,000 m² coil-coated aluminum, processed LQWR VKLQJOHV LGHQWLFDO LQ VL]H DQG IRUP Ă&#x20AC;[HG RQ D VXEVWUXFWXUH RI RPHJD SURĂ&#x20AC;OHV VWDLQOHVV VWHHO FOLSV ZHUH XVHG IRU WKH QRQ YLVLEOH Ă&#x20AC;[LQJ RI WKH IDoDGH UKRPEV 7KH ZDOOV DQG URRIV IRUP D VLQJOH FRQWLQXRXV Ă RZ LQ D ZD\ ZKLFK HPSKDVL]HV WKH ZDY\ RXWOLQH RI WKH EXLOGLQJ

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â&#x20AC;&#x153;THE BLUE PLANETâ&#x20AC;?

NATIONAL

AQUARIUM LOCATION: Kastrup, Denmark OPENED: 1939.

NUMBER OF SPECIES: 450.

NUMBER OF ANIMALS: 20,000.

Underwater Worlds of all Continents

Inside the building the association of a whirlpool continues. From the round centre hall of WKH EXLOGLQJ WKH GLÉ&#x203A;HUHQW SDUWV DUH ÂśZKLUOHG¡ LQ WKH VOLJKWO\ FXUYHG VHTXHQFH RI DUHDV DQG URRPV 7KHUHE\ WKH ZDOOV DQG FHLOLQJV Ă RZ LQWR RQH DQRWKHU DQG IRUP D VLQJOH FRQWLQXRXV Ă RZ 7KH URRI above the foyer is made of glass, and at the same time it is the bottom of a pool. High above, WKURXJK WKH SRRO ZDWHU \RX FDQ VHH WKH VN\ ZLWK VXQOLJKW EHLQJ UHĂ HFWHG LQ WKH ZDWHU.

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CHAPTER 5

DESIGN BRIEF OCEANARIUM & ADVENTURE WATERSPORTS

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CHAPTER - 6 CONCEPT & FORM DEVELOPMENT

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CHAPTER - 7 ZONING

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CHAPTER - 8 DRAWINGS

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CHAPTER - 9 REFRENCES 'LɛHUHQFH EHWZHHQ DTXDULXP DQG RFHDQDULXP •https://anyarnia.wordpress.com/tag/aquarium/ •https://www.britannica.com/science/oceanarium &ODVVLÀFDWLRQ RI ÀVKHV

KWWS ZZZ DQLPDOVZRUOGV FRP FODVVLÀFDWLRQ RI ÀVK KWPO Fish Anatomy & Physiology •http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=16+2160&aid=583 •https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology SALTWATER VERSUS FRESHWATER AQUARIUMS

KWWS ZZZ UDWHP\ÀVKWDQN FRP EORJ VDOWZDWHU YHUVXV IUHVKZDWHU DTXDULXPV •http://www.aquariumarchitecture.com/archive/saltwater-aquarium-vs-freshwater/ Freshwater setup •http://www.petco.com/content/petco/PetcoStore/en_US/pet-services/resource-center/product-guides/freshwater-aquarium.html

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