Parametric Software Portfolio_DA_BNCA_2019

DA1905_2019-20

PARAMETRIC SOFTWARES Anahita Ghatage F.Y. Digital Architecture , B.N.C.A Tutors : Ripple Patel | Mugdha Gandhi

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1.1 Furniture Design 1.2 Lofted Geomteries 1.3 High Rise Structures 1.4 Coal Drops Yard 1.5 Serpentine Sackler Gallery

02 Geometry 2.1 Parametric Star 2.2 Rotating Panels

CON T E N T

01 Modelling

2.3 Wall Panel 2.4 Parametric Louvers 2.5 Rotating Cylinders 2.6 Fractals - Koch Snowflake 2.7 Mathematical Surfaces 2.8 Recreating Felix Candela’s Shell Structures

03 Manipulation &Transformation 3.1 Single and Multiple Attractor Points 3.2 Attractor Curves 3.3 SDU Facade

About the Author

3.4 Hybrid Facade

Anahita Ghatage Architect | Designer Student of Digital Architecture

04 Natural Phenomenon

Department of Digital Architecture Semester 1_2019-20

4.1 Anatomy of the Hexactinellid Deep Sea Sponge 4.2 Structural & Component Logic

Abstract

4.3 Relationship Between Components

This book shall contain basic exercises in Rhino and Grasshopper as an Introduction to 3d modelling and parametric design.

4.5 Exploring Mesh and Weave

4.4 Exploring Exoskeletons- WeaverBird

The final chapter about the Natural Phenomenon shall speak about logic based diagrams of The Glass Sponge and a few exercises that could be explored based on this logic.

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Chapter 01: Modelling

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INTRODUCTION TO RHINO

FURNITURE DESIGN The Chair has been designed using CURVES FROM TWO VIEWS. This allows us to achieve this type of geometry.

Creating a Grid according to Anthropometry and Ergonomics

Creating two Curves for the Front and Side

Using CURVE FROM TWO VIEWS to achieve the desired item

Creating the Chair using Loft (Selecting curves to create loft)

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INTRODUCTION TO RHINO

PARAMETRIC BENCH

LOFTED GEOMETRIES 1. Lofted Geometries from 2 curves 2. Lofted Geometries from 3 curves 3. Lofted Geometries from 4 curves Create Base Curve

Create Secondary Curves for Contours

Create Secondary Curves for Loft & Contours

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high rise structures

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Create and Apply UV Curves

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COAL DROPS YARD

Process Steps Involved in Modelling the Coal Drops Yard

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SERPENTINE SACKLER GALLERY PARK

Process Steps Involved in Modelling of the Column of Serpentine Sackler Gallery Park

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Chapter 02: Geometry

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PARAMETRIC STAR

INTRODUCTION TO GRASSHOPPER

GRASSHOPPER BASICS Grasshopper is a visual programming language and environment developed by David Rutten at Robert McNeel & Associates, that runs within the Rhinoceros 3D computer-aided design (CAD) application. Programs are created by dragging components onto a canvas.

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1. Create Circle 2. Divide Curve 3. Select Alternate Points (Dispatch) 4. Move Selected Points (Vector and Amplitude) 5. Weave

Achieve Different Number of Divisions by Changing Number Slider

01. Coding and Programming for Architects- ArchDaily 02. Architecture and AI 03. Generative Design Using Algorithmic Modelling 04. Use of Computation Design in Architecture

Achieve Larger/ Smaller Geometry by Changing Radius of Circle

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Use Custom Preview Apply Colour Swatch

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RotaTING Panels

WALL PANEL

Create Loft from 2 Curves

Create Rectangle Offset and Range Rotate 3D

Create Subdivisions Divide Domain2 Isotrim

Create Thickness Offset Curve Loft Extrude Extract Centroid and Extrude Point

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PARAMETRIC LOUVERS

ROTATED CYLINDERS

Create Rectangle Contour Divide Curve

Create Curve Closest Point for Attractor Loft Create Extrusion

Create Curve Perpendicular Frames Line SDL and Pipe Rotate

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FRACTALS

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

THE KOCH SNOWFLAKE

1. Polygon

2. 3 Segments (Triangle)

Image Source: Internet

The Koch snowflake (also known as the Koch curve, Koch star, or Koch island) is a mathematical curve and one of the earliest fractals to have been described. It is based on the Koch curve, which appeared in a 1904 paper titled “On a Continuous Curve Without Tangents, Constructible from Elementary Geometry” by the Swedish mathematician Helge von Koch.

In mathematics, a fractal is a subset of a Euclidean space for which the Hausdorff dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension. Fractals exhibit similar patterns at increasingly small scales called self similarity, also known as expanding symmetry or unfolding symmetry.

Fractal geometry lies within the mathematical branch of topology.

The feature of “self-similarity”, for instance, is easily understood by analogy to zooming in with a lens or other device that zooms in on digital images to uncover finer, previously invisible, new structure. If this is done on fractals, however, no new detail appears; nothing changes and the same pattern repeats over and over, or for some fractals, nearly the same pattern reappears over and over.

3. Divide Segments

4. Perpendicular Frame

Growth Logic at Iteration 01

Equilateral Triangles with each angle as 60 degrees

6. Join Curves

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5. Deconstruct Plane & Move

7. Anemone (Fast Loop Start/End)

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Fractal Iterations

Demonstration of Growth Logic around Base Geometry

MATHEMATICAL SURFACES

Growth Logic at Iteration 02

Cartesian Coordinate System

Growth Logic at Iteration 03

In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

Growth Logic at Iteration 04

The term “minimal surface” is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a

Grasshopper Definition

Reference for Definition: Parametric3d 26

Polar/Spherical Coordinate System

Source: Internet

soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints.

For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.

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SPIRAL

Sine curve

Mathematical Expression Used For Spiral: (sinh(v)*cos(3*u))/(1+cosh(u)*cosh(v)) (cosh(v)*sinh(u))/(1+cosh(u)*cosh(v)) (sinh(v)*sin(3*u))/(1+cosh(u)*cosh(v)) Domain : -pi to pi

Mathematical Expression Used For Sine Curve: Pi*x sin(u)*(-2+v*sin(u/2)) cos(u)*(-2+v*sin(u/2)) v*(cos(u/2))

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TWISTED SPHERE

HELICOIDAL

Mathematical Expression Used For Helicoidal: sinh(v)*sin(u) 3*u -sinh(v)*cos(u) Domain: -pi to pi

Mathematical Expression Used For Twisted Sphere: x = a cos(u) cos(v) y = a sin(v) + b u z = a sin(u) cos(v) Domain: -pi to pi

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INTRODUCTION TO GRASSHOPPER

SHELLS

RECREATING FELIX CANDELA’S SHELLS

Image Source: Internet With the design for Los Manantiales, Felix Candela’s experimental form finding gave rise to an efficient, elegant, and enduring work of structural art. Comprised of four intersecting hypars, a strikingly thin roof surface creates a dramatic dining space.

Built as Candela was establishing an international reputation as the foremost shell building, he demonstrated to the world his masterful combination of artistry and techni-

cal virtuoso. Los Manantiales was created as Candela’s mastery thin-shell concrete construction was solidifying.

Initially conceived for another client on a different site, the structure found realization as a replacement for a wooden restaurant alongside a floating gardens filled canal in the Xochimilco area of Mexico City.

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Los Manantiales / Felix Candela

Grasshopper Definition

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Recreating Felix Candela’s SHELL STRUCTURES

Geometry 03

Geometry 01

Base Geometry with Expression: (y2/a2)-(x2/b2)

Geometry 04

Geometry 02 Geometry 05

Base Geometry with Expression: a(x*y)/b

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Geometry 06

Geometry 08

Geometry 07

Geometry 09

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Geometry 03

Geometry 04

Geometry 05

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Geometry 06

Geometry 07

Geometry 08

Geometry 09

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INTRODUCTION TO GRASSHOPPER

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

Achieved Shell Geometry

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

Achieved Shell Geometry

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

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Achieved Shell Geometry

Achieved Shell Geometry

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Base Geometry Derivation Logic

Achieved Shell Geometry

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

Achieved Shell Geometry

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

Achieved Shell Geometry

Base Geometry Derivation Logic

Achieved Shell Geometry

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Chapter 03: Manipulation and Transformation

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INTRODUCTION TO GRASSHOPPER

SINGLE & MULTIPLE Attractor Points

ATTRACTORS Attractors are points that act like virtual magnets - either attracting or repelling other objects. In Grasshopper, any geometry referenced from Rhino or created within Grasshopper can be used as an attractor. Attractors can influence any number of parameters of surrounding objects including scale, rotation, color, and position. These parameters are changed based on their relationship to the attractor geometry.

Multiple Attractor Points Single Attractor Point Grasshopper Definition

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Grasshopper Definition

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FACADE

Attractor CURVE

EXPLORING RESPONSIVE FACADE SYSTEMS

Grid of Cylinders

Introduce an Attractor Curve

Resizing of cylinders based on Attractor Curve by Domain

Grasshopper Definition

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INTRODUCTION TO GRASSHOPPER

SDU FACADE Henning Larsen Architects aimed to set a benchmark for green design with the Southern Denmark University building in Kolding, Denmark, featuring a climate-responsive kinetic facade and a triangular form

Create Rectangular Surface Divide Domain2 Isotrim to get Facade Segments

Surface Split (Splits Surface into Fragments to Create a Pattern) Dispatch Cull Pattern

Rotational Logic Remap Numbers Rotate

Grasshopper Definition

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INTRODUCTION TO GRASSHOPPER

HYBRID FACADE The research conceives sunscreens as performing a hybrid role: performing environmentally as a shade and glare modulator; while also enabling the façade to operate as a low resolution media screen that can generate income.

Current state of research: A prototype consisting of physical mock-ups and software has been developed and calibrated with simulations to provide an interactive proof of concept.

Facade Derivation Logic

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Hybrid Responsive FACADE Next stage that requires funding: The research will shift to the design and fabrication of a solar powered autonomous panel, and research and testing of low maintenance actuators.

Generate Surface Rectangle Reference : IdEea Lab_Projects

Divide Domain2 and Isotrim (Control U and V values) Create Cull Pattern

Deconstruct Brep and Extract Centroids

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Step 02

Step 03

Polygon From Centroid Boundary Surfaces (Control Radius) Rotate Module (Using Remap Numbers)

Deconstruct Brep and Extract Vertices Create Axis of Rotation for each Module from Line SDL using Polygon Centroid

Extrude and Extact Points to Move for Module 56

Single Module of the Hybrid Facade

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Initial Grasshopper Definition

Reworking Using HEXGRID

Create Hexagonal Grid

Create Face Each Cell Using Scale NU (Scale Non-Uniform)

Deconstruct and Scale Each Cell

Loft the Faces to get the Cell (Create Surface, Simplify Tree, Merge Data and Loft)

Simplified Grasshopper Definition

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Chapter 04: Natural Phenomenon

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NATURAL PHENOMENON

Anatomy of the GLASS SPONGE

GLASS SPONGE Glass sponges are exclusively marine sponges with mineral skeletons composed of silica (glass) spicules. They have a worldwide distribution but are mainly restricted to deeper waters (200 to > 6000 m) where they grow attached to hard or soft substrates..

20-30 cm 3-5 cm Top Cylinder Diameter

Hexactinellid SEA SPONGE

2-3 cm

The complex and mechanically robust cage like skeletal system of hexantinellid sponge has proved to be particularly useful model system for investigating structure- function relationships in hierarchically ordered biological components.

Bottom cylinder diameter

1. Anchor Spicules

2. Cylindrical cage

3. Sieve Plate

Vertical Struts: 36 Horizontal Struts: 70 (Appx 1:2) Barbs

Lower end of cylinder

Upper end of cylinder

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Structural logic

2x 10mm

Quadrate Lattice

Horizontal + Vertical Bundles

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10mm

Diagonal Bundles

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5mm

Fixed node Ridge Formation

Free node Verticals towards exterior, Horizontals towards interior

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2.5mm

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4mm

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5mm

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8mm

Lattice at lower end of cylinder Lattice at upper end of cylinder more dense, less porus, overlap = x less dense, more porous, overlap = x/2

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Structural logic Formation of a ridge Every 4th lattice opening 450

1800 900

Diagonal bracing c/c between open cells Top: 6mm Bottom: 4mm

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Octagonal openings 450

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Horizontal and vertical spicule bundles Unfused Node

The quadrate lattice spicule

Growth Hierarchy

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Structure

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Local Geometry

Spicule

Regional Geometry 900

Global Geometry Material Efficiency Optimization

Lattice formation (plan)

Diagonal Members + Ridges

Fused Node

SPICULE AND NODE LEVEL

STRUCTURAL HEIRARCHY

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Component logic

HEIRARCHY LEVELS

Relationship between COMPONENTS

Skeleton Skeletal Walls Spicule Network Constituent Spicules Cylinderical Skeletal Lattice

Organic and Inorganic Composites Inorganic and Organic Components

Anchoring Apparatus

Partially Ordered Network of Bundled Spicules

Cap

Spiral Ridges

Diagonally Ordered Spicule Bundles

Basilia (Anchor Spicules)

Vertically and Horizontally Ordered Bundles

Other Diactine, Tetractine and Hexactine Spicules

Laminated Cement

Tapered Tube

Underlying Square Grid of Cruciform Spicules

Non-Planar Cruciform Spicules

Laminated Spicules

Axial Protien Filament

Consolidated Silica Nanoparticles Organic Interlayers

A : External Ridge system and terminal sieve plates B : Underlying Siliceous cylinderical skeletal lattice.

C : Square grid and ordering of the vertical and horizontal components of the skeletal system

Reference: <Science Direct, Hierarchical assembly of the siliceous skeletal lattice of the hexactinellid sponge Euplectella aspergillum> Journal of Structural Biology 158 (2007) 93–106 Workshop: AAVS, Biomorph_2016 68

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Exploring EXOSKELETONS

Create Ellipse Series Rotate the Ellipse

Loft Mesh Surface Mesh Machine

Creating the Exoskeleton using Weaverbird Components

Reference for Definition: OM.egvo 70

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Exploring MESH

Create Circle Perpendicular Frames Rotate

Create Polygons Create Closed Loft Mesh Surface

Explode Mesh Extract Centroid Remap Join Meshes and Weld

Grasshopper Definition

Reference for Definition: OM.egvo 72

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Exploring WEAVE

Create 2 Circles Use Perpendicular Frames Evaluate Curve to find Points Interpolate to Join

Alter Radius Number Slider to change Geometry

Grasshopper Definition

Reference for Definition: Parametric House

Grasshopper Definition

Reference for Definition: Parametric House 74

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PARAMETRIC SOFTWARES ANAHITA GHATAGE anahitaghatage29@gmail.com DA1905 TUTORS: RIPPLE PATEL | MUGDHA GANDHI

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