Thijs van den bergh - developing the ideal city farm architecture

Developing the ideal city farm architecture: key learnings on multilayer growing from Philips GrowWise Center

Thijs van den Berg Philips Horticulture LED Solutions Plant specialist city farming

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Philips Lighting is now Signify

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Active in horticultural lighting since 1936

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Philips Lighting Horticulture LED Solutions

Vegetables & fruits

Floriculture

City farming

Other

High wire vegetables Leafy vegetables Herbs Soft fruits

Cut flowers Potted plants Perennials Annuals

Leafy vegetables Herbs Soft fruits

Tissue culture Research

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Philips Lighting - Confidential

Agro-Inwest, Russia Internal

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Porta nova, The Netherlands

CITY CITY FARMING FARMING Case Case study study 2016 2016 Ecobain Ecobain Gardens Gardens Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada Canada

“We want to build cost

effective, smart,productive farms to safely service a massive void we have in our food system.”

Brian Bain Founder and CEO Ecobain Gardens Internal

Hycube certical farm Marriot hotel, Eco Convergence Group, Orlando

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CITY CITY FARMING FARMING Case Case study study 2016 2016 Innovatus Innovatus Inc. Inc. Fuji Fuji City, City, Japan Japan

“From the start I believed in the potential of LEDs and had the greatest confidence in Philips’ know-how” Hitoshi Wada Director of management and general affairs Internal

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Our approach • Business Development – Translate your needs & requirements into a solution approach – Profit/payback calculations – Help get funding/export finance support – Help with financing through Philips Capital • Plant Expert – Knowledge of light & plants, recipes – Experience in many field tests worldwide – Cooperate with Universities & plant institutes • Application Engineer – Technical GreenPower LED Knowledge – Light Plans, Installation advice and support – Work with HortiLED installation partners – Can measure and certify your installation 11

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Cityfarm Architecture “from LED to lettuce� control & data climate

lighting

crop irrigation

sensors logistics

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Plant growth is much more than lighting

Cropping system • Hydroponic • Aeroponic • Hybrid • Gutters (NFT)

Genetics • Varieties and types

Further: pollination, substrates etc

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Irrigation • Nutrients • Water • Manual or Automatic • Desinfection

Climate • Temperature • Relative humidity • CO2 • Air speed

Mechanisation • Sowing • Transplanting and spacing • Harvesting • For optimal light use

Growth beyond lighting

control & data climate

lighting

crop sensors

irrigation

logistics

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• Maximizing light use efficiency through respacing • Cost benefit analysis on spacing robot • Cropping system and cultural practices • Comparisons of growth efficiencies of different cropping system: • Variety screenings • Differences in tipburn sensitivity • Shelf life • Growth speed • Pollination tests in strawberries • Comparisons of substrate types • Effects of dynamic light recipes • Crop growth modelling and yield prediction • Practical validation in GrowWise / BrightBox / HAS University

Leafy greens

Fragrant herbs

Three KEY topics: • Kg m-2 y-2 or g mole-1 • Shelf life • Mineral nutrient content, vitamins and perceived quality

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Strawberries

High wire crops (with partners)

control & data climate

lighting

crop sensors

irrigation

 Highest efficacy in the market on system level  Rack design for high photon utilization and reflectivity  +25% in yield with reflective ceiling and trays  Proven light recipes  Quality (coloration, vitamins, nitrate, BRIX)  Taste (sweetness, bitterness)  Yield (highest grams/MOL)

logistics

Easy to install and connect

Also available as color controllable fixture up to

3.0 μmol/J 35,000

hours lifetime

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temperature

outside climate

humidity

climate uniformity

air speed

Air handling and airflow are designed with partner  Philips can provide data on energy partitioning: latent vs sensible heat fluxes as depending on crop age  Climate recipes  Yield ~ temperature  Yield ~ Co2 * light 180 RW 180 RB 240 RW 240 RB

CO2 level

Logari thmi c (180 RW) Logari thmi c (180 RB) Logari thmi c (240 RW) Logari thmi c (240 RB)

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NO perforated walls

Perforated walls IN only

Perforated walls IN & OUT

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Fres h wei ght (g)

180

Air speed (m/s)

170 160 150 140 130 120 400

P = 1.5 Pa 6

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 P = 8.7 Pa

 P = 16.9 Pa

600

800

1000

1200

Carbon di oxi de concentration (ppm)

1400

1600

• RED coloration in lettuce • Nitrate control in lettuce and spinach • Vitamin C contents

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substrate re-spacing

container

logistics processing

addressability

capacity

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Logistic solution designed with partner  Transport to and from growth cells  Development of optimal cropping system  Effectiveness of re-spacing  Automated sowing/respacing/harvesting/packing  ROI calculation manual vs automated

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OBJECTIVE: from repeated experiments to rational design choices for the most economic city farm

5000 m2 farm, crops: basil and cilantro Product: 15 grams flow packs High automation vs high manual labour scenario: automated sowing / transplanting / harvesting / packaging and cleaning of trays.

ADVANTAGES: food safety, precision and plannability LOW automation scenario: -10% CAPEX HIGH automation: -66% in OPEX, -8 months on pay back period

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substrate disinfecting

container

irrigation nutrition dosing

closed vs open continue vs periodic

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Design of irrigation system with partner  Hands on experience with various irrigation and cropping systems  Robustness and reliability are prerequisite  Minimize algae growth  Conditioned storage of day supply  Experience with oxygenation  Different desinfection methods  Optimal nutrient solutions for different crops  Re-using return/drain water; no waste water

growth recipe database

lighting

control & data sensors

logistics climate

 Database with growth recipes  Database with setpoints and sensor readouts  Database with growth results    

Control and monitoring of the full system Data to information; dashboards Generate big data & improve recipes Dynamic recipes with automatic feedback loops

temperature

humidity

lighting

sensors crop monitoring

C02 irrigation

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Philips Lighting is now Signify

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