ALMA KOBER SØRENSEN IN COLLABORATION WITH BENJAMIN MEULENGRACHT
This project was done in collaboration with Benjamin Meulengracht. The toilet was designed and built together. The testing was however done individually.
CITY: JAKARTA, CAPITAL OF INDONESIA
INHABITANTS: 10.56 MILLION (2020, REGISTERED)
DENSITY: 15,906.5/km2
AREA: 661,5 km²
ISLAND: JAVA
COORDINATED: 6°12´S 106°49´E Jakarta experiences flooding from 4 different directions.
1.MONSOONS: Climate is divided in a dry season (April - October) and a wet season (November - March). Heavy monsoons hit Jakarta in the wet season, filling rivers and flooding parts of the city, forcing people out of their homes.
2. FLASH FLOODS: Jakarta is also affected by floods from the mountains/volcanoes. At the foot of Mount Pangrango rainwater and springs collect in smaller rivers, forming bigger rivers, running through Jakarta. Unfortunately, big parts of the forest surrounding the volcano have been turned into city area. The concrete landscape does not absorb the water as well, creating flash floods running down the volcano.
3. SUBSIDENCE: Only around 1 million households in Jakarta get their water from a piped system. The rest pumps water from the aquifers under the city. With the massive groundwater extraction, as well as lack of green areas to absorb rainwater, the city experiences significant subsidence, up to 27 cm in the north of Jakarta.
4. SEA LEVEL RISE: With climate change comes sea level rise, which is a big threat to Jakarta. 40% of the city is below sea level. A 2-meter-tall sea wall was built in the Jakarta Bay in 2002. In 2007 the wall could not stand the forces of the sea and burst. The flood took 80 lives.
- Wikipedia. (2022). Jakarta. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta
- Monsoon: TWC India Edit Team. (2021, February 21st). Monsoon Floods Inundate Indonesian Capital Jakarta; More Than 1,000 People Forced to Evacuate. Retrieved from The Weather Channel: https://weather.com/en-IN/ india/news/news/2021-02-21-monsoon-floods-inundate-indonesian-capitaljakarta-more-than-1000-people
- Flash floods: Rayda, N. (2021, February 6th). IN FOCUS: The fight against Jakarta’s devastating yearly floods. Retrieved from channelnewsasia: https:// www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/jakarta-flooding-relocation-giant-seawall-anies-baswedan-1883006
- Subsidence: RENALDI, A. (2022, July 29th). Indonesia’s giant capital city is sinking. Can the government’s plan save it? Retrieved from National Geographics: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/indonesias-giant-capital-city-is-sinking-can-the-governments-plan-save-it - Satilite picture from google earth in the collage
In the beginning of the semester every student was researching one aspect of Indonesia. The topics where randomly distributed. The information was shared amongst the students to create a collective knowledge on the country. This approach allows every student to learn something about the visited country that does not necessarily have anything to do with architecture, allowing for a greater collective knowledge than normally.
I was researching about health. This topic seemed random in the beginning, but it ended up having a big influence on the project. (Infographic on health on the next page)
The 9 examples from the class cover the following topics, from top left to right:
Industry Trade and Tourism, Sea-level Rise, Subsidence and Flooding, History of Politics and Conflicts from 1500 CT. to Present, Transport Infrastructure - National and International, Flora, Transport Infrastructure - Urban Jakarta, Urban Development of Jakarta, Health and Traditional Indonesian Building Typologies.
INDONESIA
RESEARCH | INFORMATION GRAPHICS
A demographic shift has happened in the Indonesian population; the working class is increasing in relation to the rest. The life expectancy has been rising with 8 years from 1990 to 2012. Indonesia has seen a big drop in communicable diseases (infectious diseases) over the last 30 years. Non-communicable diseases (non infectious diseases, often life style related) however remain high, being some of the biggest killers in Indonesia. The Indonesian healthcare system is ranked 92nd in the world. The system is however improving. In 2014 a universal healthcare system (JKN) was introduced, which was planned to raise the coverage from 56% to 100%. Critics say the JKN is badly planned, since it struggels to cover remote places and it is taking over charity services, that worked well for the impoverished.
Infographic on Health
TYPHOID FEVER
DNDONESIA ENMA R K 3 0 2 % 187%
CHOLERA
2215 Deaths by Ischemic heart disease
Percentage of population who smoke everyday 2012
Cholera is an acute infectious diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae In Indonesia there is an incidence rate of 0,45 per 1000 and an estimated annual number of cases of 2298 The fatality rate in indonesia is at 1% Clean water and effective sanitation lowers the risk of cholera.
MALARIA
Malaria is a lifethreatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. In 2019 250.628 cases of malaria have been recorded in Indonesia.
438 days lost per person due to pollution in Indonesia Men Live expectancy at birth Indonesia: 65.5 Denmark: 79.5
Mosquito nets and other mosquito controlling measures as well as draining standing water can help prevent Malaria.
DENGUE FEVER
HEPATITIS A
in Jakarta, Bandung and Burnings of waste as well as burn farming practices are a big health risk contributed smoke Smoke from burning peatland contains up to 90 different gasses, some of which are formaldehyde, acrolein, benzene, carbon CO O3 VOC Symptoms fever tiredness vomitting headaches severe cases: yellow skin seizures coma
Major international hospitals Hospitals
of Carbon monooxide, black carbon, ozone and volatile organic compaounds are released into the atmosphere by burning coal and fossil fuels.
between 10 and 14 nitrogen
1234 5 6789 10
Dengue Fever is a mosquito borne viral infection caused by Dengue virus One gets infected by the bite of Aedes Aegypti mosquito Dengue fever is the leading cause of severe illness/death in some Asian countries. A preventative measure is insect repellent and wearing clothes that cover the skin Concentration of coal power plants
INDONESIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Women Live expectancy at birth Indonesia: 69.7 Denmark: 83.3 Life exceptancy & biggest Death and disability risk
HYPOTHERMIA
have been Symptoms prolonged fever fatigue headaches nauseua abdominal pain constipation diarrhea Symptoms Acute watery diarrhoea vomitting dehydration Rapid heart rate Loss of skin elasticity Low blood pressure Thirst HOSPITALS
A because of better sanitation, however there are more outbreaks in the bigger cities. Central Governmental and national Parlament Ministry of health Provincial Government and Parlament District Government and Parlament Provincial Health Office District Health Office Provincial Hospitals District Hospitals Private Hospitals Private Clinics/Practices Indonesiasn decentralised health care system
References appended
23 20 3 4 3
in bigger cities are less likely to get PUSKESMAS The big hospitals in the cities are clean and have modern equiptment The staff often speaks english and there are short waiting times Specialists are available for patients with special nedds.
is caused by the rapid drop of body heat This can occur when being emerged in flooding water for a long time. Children and elderly are more at risk. Preventative measures are getting warm and dry clothes. 100km radius from power plants
Malnutrition Dietary risks High fasting plasma glucose Tobacco High body-mass index High blood pressure Air pollution High LDL Kidney dysfunction Occupational risks Child survival Deaths per 1000 live births Under five mortality rate Infant mortality rate Neonatal mortality rate
(HAV) Cancer Diabetes and kidney diseases Mental Disorder 2019
345 Deaths by lung cancer 226 Deaths by COPD 4272 Deaths by strokes There are 9700 puskesmas around Indonesia, which are clinics that work on a subdistrict level. You distingue between puskesmas with beds for urgent treatment and puskesmas without beds for non urgent treatment. The latter is often under pressure sending ill people home. First sketch of the setup of my Info Graphic on Health Information Graphic on Health by Alma Kober Sørensen
12
by Cardiovascular Diseases Respiratory infections and TB Neonatal disorders 1990 2000 2010
To find a relevant and well research hypothesis, the root cause analysis can be used.
Many students of the class experienced being overwhelmed with information. With all the information gathered during the production of the information graphics, finding one specific problem to work with was overwhelming.
The Root cause Analysis was introduced to us by teaching assistant Otis Sloan Wood. By making a scheme starting with a wicked problem you work your way down to a root cause. Root causes are much more approachable and are grounded on a smaller level.
I started with the wicked problem about Jakarta lacking clean drinking water. Firstly, this led me to root causes dealing with sorting trash before they end up polluting the rivers. After redoing the analysis, I eventually I ended with a root cause that I was fascinated by; the sewage system in Jakarta is not working properly, which causes the inhabitants to become ill. And with this the first version of the hypothesis was created:
Jakarta’s inhabitants are lacking clean drinking water
80% of Jakarta’s water is taken from Jatiluhur Dam on the Citarum River which is highly polluted
It is difficult to clean the river
Plastic is hard to sort out because it is mixed with other waste
Inhabitants do not sort their trash at home
Research problem:
In 2020 Jakarta’s households created 8.3 tons of waste daily of which 50,3% was nonoragnic. The waste is either burned or dumped into the rivers.
Research question:
How does household waste relate to clean water access in Jakarta?
Hypothesis:
Sorting and reusing household waste could alleviate the polluted rivers in Jakarta and contribute to cleaner water for the population.
Preventing contaminated water to leak into the groundwater could prevent inhabitants of Jakarta from becoming ill.
Jakarta’s inhabitants are lacking clean drinking water
Jakarta’s groundwater is polluted
Septic tanks are contaminated with fecal waste that leak into the ground water
Septic tanks do not clean the water properly
Research problem:
Research question: Hypothesis:
Many households in Jakarta separate human excreta with septic tanks, which are not cleaning the water and leaking contaminated water into the ground water, which 30% of Jakarta’s inhabitants are served by.
How are the human waste disposal practices related to clean water access in Jakarta? Preventing contaminated water to leak into the groundwater could prevent inhabitants of Jakarta from becoming ill.
Clean sanitation and access to clean drinking water is not a given in big parts of Indonesia. 94 million citizens of the 14th largest country, live without sanitation access. A top-down sewage system is not prioritized by the Indonesian government and therefore many homemade inadequate solutions can be found around the city. When the annual monsoon season comes, repeated heavy rain floods the city and lets the contaminated water run freely causing a greater risk of the inhabitants of getting fecal-oral transmitted diseases. A study conducted in 2005 investigated the water access, water quality and disposal of human waste in Jatinegara, East Jakarta. Over a period of 3 months 378 randomly selected households where investigated and it was found that 10% used public toilets with direct disposal into rivers, 4% used the riverbank itself and the remaining 86% used private toilets. Of these private toilets 14% lead into rivers and gutters.
PRIVATE TOILETS
Oliver, Stephen. The Christian Science Monitor. 19th. June 2012. https://www. csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/Change-Agent/2012/0619/Threewheeled-carts-better-septic-tanks-help-clean-up-Jakarta.
Study: Vollaard, Albert M, et al. A Survey of the Supply and Bacteriologic Quality of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta: Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2005.
OF WHICH 86% LEAD INTO SEPTIC TANKS
14% LEAD INTO RIVERS AND GUTTERS
RIVERBANKS PUBLIC TOILETS WITH DIRECT DISPOSAL INTO RIVERS
Jamban is the Indonesian word for a latrine. When the locals talk about the Jamban in Gedung Pompa they refer to the public toilet placed on the sea wall (top two pictures). This toilet was built by the locals years ago and can be used by anyone who wishes to do so. The public Jamban in Gedung Pompa is a small hut with two cabins, each having a whole in the floor. You squat down to use them, and everything goes directly into the water. These toilets might work well on an everyday basis, they however pollute the water with pathogens. The local children swim freely around the toilet, and when I asked them about the feces swimming in the water, they say that they simple push it away. A couple of meters to the left of the toilet, a couple of men fish regularly.
The toilet seen in the bottom picture is from a private home on the first floor. When using this toilet, you also bring a bucket of water with you to wash yourself and flush. The sewage runs in pipes between the houses (bottom right picture). Where this ends up is a bit of a mystery.
75.9% OF INFANTS HAVE HAD
DIARRHEAL
DIARRHEAL DISEASES, WHICH IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
75.9% DEATH
AMONG CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 1 YEARS
The first ideas for the toilet cycled around the ideas of making a mycelium toilet. After watching the TED talk 6 Ways Mushrooms can save the World, I was very inspired by the possibilities of mycelium decomposing different materials. In the TED talk Stamets explains an experiment they made. A pile of petroleum waste was treated with mycelium. Only 6 weeks later the pile was covered in oyster mushrooms. The Mushrooms break down the carbon hydrogen and absorb the oil, being a perfect clean up. Not only did the mushrooms grow on the waste pile, but they also attracted insects, which laid eggs, which attracted birds, which brough seeds, creating a small ecosystem of life on the pile. After going back and forth with the ideas of a mycelium toilet, Benjamin and I decided to contact Jakob Damgaard, who works as a biology teacher at Nørre Gymnasium. Jakob did not believe in the idea of a well working mycelium toilet, since there is not much interesting nutrients for a mushroom in human feces. He did however give us a lot of other ideas and motivation to continue our search for a closed system toilet, amongst others: The Composting Toilet.
Stamets, P. (2008). 6 ways mushrooms can save the world. Retrieved from TED: https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_stamets_6_ways_mushrooms_can_ save_the_world
The problem in Jakarta is that the toilets leak into the groundwater or into sources of water. An improvement to this situation is that the toilet matter is transported out of area where the citizens can get infected with pathogens. This requires a system organized on a governmental level for such a big city. Therefore, an even better solution would be that the toilet matter stays within the city, but the pathogens get eliminated. Or even better, the toilet matter becomes a resource for the locals.
Composting is created by placing organic material into a pile where microbes consume them. Over time the organic matter will turn into soil/hummus. Three factors define compost; firstly, it is made by humans, secondly internal biological heat is created in the process of composting and thirdly the organisms need oxygen.
page 69
Right table from The Humanure Handbook page 80
Meeting Arne Backlund was one big pleasure. It is amazing to meet someone who cares so much about toilets. We had a lot of questions prepared for him and who could answer all of them. For me the most important topic was the killing of pathogens in a composting toilet. Arne made me aware that when you want to measure which and how many pathogens there are in a matter, a laboratory test is needed. This can take a long time and it can be hard to get access to a laboratory in Jakarta. Therefore, he advised me to measure the temperature of the matter.
When a matter starts to compost thermophilic bacteria start to develop and heat up the matter. They also happen to kill pathogens and decompose the matter. Therefore, you can assume that the pathogens get killed with measuring a temperature rise in the compost. He advised me to buy a cooking thermometer with a long string and place the measuring part as deep into the matter as possible, to measure the core temperature. With the help of a graph from the book
The Humanure Handbook, Shit in a Nutshell by Joseph C. Jenkins, the needed time for killing pathogens can be read. I followed Arne’s advice and got all the things I needed.
Picture of Thermophiles: National Park Service. (2021). Thermophiles. Retrieved from National Park Service: https://www.nps.gov/hosp/learn/thermophiles.htm
Jenkins, J. C. (2019). The Humanure Handbook, Fourth Edition Shit in a Nutshell. 143 Forest Lane, Grove City, PA 16127 USA: Joseph Jenkins, Inc.
Link to Arne Backlunds Homepage: https://backlund.dk/ Link to Arne Backlunds Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/arnebacklund_indonesia-lunark-architecture-activity-6991117908953161728-b7YO?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop
Jenkins, J. C. (2019). The Humanure Handbook, Fourth Edition Shit in a Nutshell. 143 Forest Lane, Grove City, PA 16127 USA: Joseph Jenkins, Inc.
A good compost needs to be aerated. The more oxygen the better. Therefore, the compost can also not have too much moisture. A diverting latrine is therefore needed to divide the urine and the feces. It was in this process that Benjamin and I decided to divide our testing. Benjamin wanted to test urine and I wanted to test the composting process and the elimination of pathogens.
The first diverting latrine was drawn as a 3D model in Rhino and laser cut in layers. We collected the puzzle to see if the design would work.
The diverting latrine was put to multiple tests. Laurits and his brother Joakim kindly offered to test the latrine between two chairs, making sure that everything would fit properly. Benjamin and I also did some squat tests. And the latrine was approved. To be extra sure that the design was write we got Arne Backlund’s approval of the size and shape. He said that he had never had a problem with anything missing the container.
TEST WAS CONFIRMED LATRINE FITSLaurits and Joakim testing the latrine Latrine between two chairs
The 3D model for the diverting latrine was refined in Rhino. We strived to get a clean and simple also allowing it to be cleaned easily. We wanted to cast the latrine in aluminum. This process also had an influence on the design. The shape must be tilting inward, allowing the model to slip the model. The final 3D model can be seen beneath.
Mads Johnsen from the school’s metal workshop was very enthusiastic about making the latrine in aluminum, he however also told us that its risky work and a long process. A process we were willing to risk.
First, we 3D printed the latrine in plastic. Since the model is quite big, we had to print it in 4 parts, gluing them together and covering the seams with a filler. This model was placed in a wooden frame and then covered with a special sand mixed with oil. All the sand was pressed firmly with a stamp, making sure the sand was held in place. Since the latrine is hollow, we had to do the same with the sand mold, which was very complicated. The top negative sand mold had to hover in the air over the bottom mold with a gap of 5mm. Any small movements could break the shape.
Everything went surprisingly well, so Benjamin and I started digging the tube system the molded aluminum should run into. Mads has been a great help in this process, showing us how it is done and motivating us to continue all the way through.
The sand mold took multiple days to prepare. The latrine was ready to be filled with moldy aluminum, which requires protective gear. We did not expect it to work, since a lot of the molded aluminum missed the entry of the mold, when pouring it into. But luckily the mold was filled perfectly. The only thing left to do was to cut the pouring tubes of and polish the latrine.
For the composting toilet a toilet seat and a lid are necessary. We were debating whether we should also cast the toilet seat out of aluminum, this idea was abandoned due to weight issues with transporting the prototype to Indonesia. The teachers in the metal and wood workshop recommended to build the seat in cross veneer, since it is both cheap and very strong. A waterproof wooden floor coating was added in 3 layers to make it waterproof. The frame for the latrine was designed so that the latrine easily can be taken out and clean in case the toilet will be moved. The frame, toilet seat and lid can be taken apart and stacked.
The Toilet Hut was design to provide privacy while using the composting toilet. The Hut was supposed to be light and able to be deconstructed easily so that it could be transported in a suitcase to Jakarta. The intension was that it on one hand should provide shelter from weather and on the other hand it should be able to open for ventilation.
The artistic approach of the hut was inspired by Indonesian architecture from around the country. Going to the toilet is often seen as an awkward, simple everyday experience. In this project the intension was to praise the toilet. The toilet should be an aesthetic object so that the act of going to the toilet would be seen as a positive action and not something one should be ashamed of.
The Bolon House (top picture) can be found in the Toba Batak sub-tribe on Sumatra. The house consists of storage and a family home, where everybody sleeps together. Traditionally the house is built by all members of a society as a symbol for community. The house is believing to reflect the gods, though the roof, the humans, through the core of the house and the dead, through the basement.
The Pura Taman Ayun temple can be found on Bali, it is located north of Denpasar. The name of the temple means “Garden temple in the water” and dates to 1632.
Tanahlot Bali. (n.d.). Pura Taman Ayun. Retrieved from Tanahlot Bali: https:// www.tanahlotbali.com/blog/bali-taman-ayun-temple.html
Bali Cheapest Tours. (n.d.). Taman Ayun Temple. Retrieved from Bali cheapest tours: https://balicheapesttours.com/taman-ayun-temple.html
Lake Toba. (n.d.). Batak Traditional Houses on Lake Toba. Retrieved from Lake Toba: https://www.laketoba.com/batak-traditional-houses/
The envelope of the Hot-Air-Balloon is made of ripstop nylon fabric. A Hot-Air-Balloons has a lifespan of around 300 hours. The coating on the fabric breaks down over time making the Hot-Air-Balloon leaking, causing a higher usage of gas. The old Hot-Air-Balloons in Denmark get repaired by the balloon pilot Christoffer Mundt, who has won the Danish championship multiple times. Christoffer was very kind and donate old and new pieces of balloon fabric to the project. The fabric was used to sew the panels for the hut structure of the toilets. The panels are waterproof and allow the toilet to be ventilated. 40 panels were sewn in three different colors, as well as a roof.
For flood proofing a toilet you have different options. You can create a container that does not allow water ind. Or you can make a container that seals itself by being pushed up against a lid by incoming water. We had may ideas for flood proofing the toilet. The difficult part was that the compost must be ventilated, the more air the better. The combination of water proofing and ventilation was very difficult to find a good solution for that would not be too complex. A simpler solution is to raise the toilet, so that flooding water does not touch it. We decided that a flood proof toilet should work both before, during and after flooding. The best way to create that is a toilet that moves with the flood, on a floating raft made of bamboo.
While working in Gedung Pomp we talked to a lot of people about their toilet use. Almost everybody used a Jamban, whether that is the public one on the sea wall or a private one shared amongst families. In the researching phase back home, it seemed very illogical to let the feces run into the water, but after spending time in Gedung Pompa, it made more and more sense why so many people prefer that. Without a public sewage system, you must take care of the matter yourself. Many people prefer the water since it does not smell, and it removes the problem very quickly. Of course, other problems arise, but these problems are invisible.
All the interviews we made would not have been able to happen without the help of Tria Anggra Yani and s.Wulandari who translated the conversations and spend a lot of their time helping us. So, a very big thank you to Tria and Wulan, well as all the amazing people who wanted to be interviewed.
“I’VE BEEN USING THIS JAMBAN FOR A LONG TIME, BECAUSE IT’S GOOD TO CHAT AND IT DOESN’T STINK AND IT FALLS STRAIGHT TO THE BOTTOM.”
- RATNASARI (20 YEARS)Arma using the Jamban Bucket of water for the toilet Jamban leading to water Private toilet in Indris House, 1st floor
Adlan had prepared a banner for us, showcasing the collaboration
Adlan Fakhri and I were in contact before we went on the field trip. I had contacted him because I was looking for a rice husk supplier. Adlan’s company PT. Tamam Indo Sinergiku saw a potential in selling the waste product of the rice production on Java, which can be used as building materials, fertilizer, fuel, etc.
Rice husk is the shell of rice that is left when the rice is harvested. PT. Tamam Indo Sinergiku provides three different kinds of rice husk: natural, charcoal and in pallets. Adlan Fakhri was very interested in our project and therefore wanted to be our rice husk sponsor. We met with him and his family, who could translate for us. And he gifted us five big bags of the different kinds of rice husk to test in the composting toilet.
The raft was built on the site with local bamboo bought from a local supplier. The initial idea was the composting containers should also work as floating elements since both require air. After talking to the school’s engineer Daniel Lee had advised us to layer three squares of bamboo on top of each other, which would be enough to keep the toilet floating. His calculations turned out to be correct. We constructed the three layers. With the help of local kids, we transported the raft elements over the sea wall individually due to their heaviness. On the water, 2 meters above ground, they were stacked and tied together. Before the toilet was finished the kids use the raft to play on. After the fieldwork was done, the bamboo was given to a local man who had building plans with bamboo.
The result from the experiment do suggest the beginning of the elimination of pathogens in the compost with rice husk in Gedung Pompa in North Jakarta. A small temperature rise, in all the samples, suggest the presence of mesophiles bacteria, which is a good indicator that thermophilic bacteria will follow. The best result was seen in the composting sample with compressed rice husk on day 2, with an increase of 6°C to 37°C. This is not a high enough temperature rise to have killed the pathogens, according to the graph by Jenkins, however it is a good start.
It indicates that a longer timespan would have allowed a bigger temperature rise. A bigger sample would also have improved the results. The bigger the sample/pile the more heat can be generated at the core. The short length of the trip and the limitations in size of the prototype did not allow for this in the experiment. Composting toilets have the potential of creating a healthier and safer sanitation option for the locals of Gedung Pompa, as well as creating a valuable resource in form of soil in the long run.
Comparison of temperature with different Rice Husk
Outside temperature
Natural Rice Husk
Compressed Rice Husk (Day 2)
Rice Husk Charcoal
The cultural difference in toilet uses turned out to have a greater impact on the experiment than expected. The use of water to clean oneself was not designed into the prototype, resulting in a skepticism from the locals, since that is their preferred method. After explaining how the toilet works more and more where willing to test the toilet. For future work water must be a part of the composting toilet. Potentially the water is absorbed into the compost and runs off as wastewater. This water could be used as fertilizer. There are possibilities.
Permaculture: From Waste to Income
Gedung Pompa needs better sanitation facilities. The potentials of composting toilets with Rice Husk are very promising. Two waste materials can be combined to create a resource for the community. There is a big economic different between the kampungs (communities/villages of Jakarta) and the modern parts of Indonesia’s capital. For the preliminary architectural program, I would like to explore this economical difference further. Is it possible to turn one of the most health threatening waste materials into an income for the kampungs?
VEGETABLES WISHES FROM LOCALS:
- KANG KUNG
- PARE
- CUCUMBER
- PAREK
- JASMIN
- BANANA LEAVES FOR PACKAGING
Permaculture work as a closed system seen in the natural environment. It engages the nature, the people, and the resources.
Gedung Pompa has a lot of land, which is used for storage of old rusty cranes and as a workshop for restoring boats. The space can be rearranged to fit both the old functions as well as a permaculture growing on a sanitation system of compost. The program develops over multiple years, starting with the implementation of the sanitation system. After a year when the first compost is done, fruits and vegetable will be planted. These will also need a year for being ripe. Slowly over a couple of years a whole market with vegetables and fruits is developed. In Gedung Pompa there are multiple food delivery drivers on scooters working for various companies. The harvest will be delivered to various restaurants around the city. Now the local vegetable sellers get their vegetable from 3 hours away for Jakarta. These can now be grown locally and sold within the city. This creates an economical connection between the impoverished and the richer parts of Jakarta, hopefully acquiring more income to the kampung. Not only is this a great resource for the locals, the green garden and the fresh soil allows for more water being absorbed into the ground during flooding.
2 YEARS
1.5 YEARS
The Indonesian rice terraces are very biodiverse. The terrace system allows nutrients to be spread and works as a water buffer during heavy rain seasons. The permaculture will take inspiration in this system of vertical plantation. In the long run the sanitation permaculture could spread around the city creating green hills, which could be used as an elevated protection area during flooding.
Permaculture and Rice Terraces
Making a 3-minute movie of the prototype in Jakarta
As a finalization of the 1st semester, every student makes a 3-minute video of the prototype. The movie includes the problem the prototypes try to create a solution for as well as building process and interviews.
- Voice over in movie
“(The Jambans) ...however pollute the water with pathogens. Local children use the water for swimming, putting their health at risk”
