ARCH355401 - Architect Design Studio III

ARCH355401 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO III

“Re-imagine the Vernacular: Design for the Future”

A CLOSER LOOK TO

OUR FIRM Visionary Masterplan Parcel A

SALMA HALAWA

Dorms Student Center Techno Hub

SALMA ASHRAF

ALIA GHONEIM

1- Mapping of bike routes 1- Mapping of bike routes 2-More bike lanes & bike storage 2-More bike lanes & bike storage 3-Bike sharing program proposed 3-Bike sharing program proposed 4-Reclaimed water network: reclaimed 4-Reclaimed water network: reclaimed water now provides the majority of water now provides the majority of landscape irrigation campus-wide. landscape irrigation campus-wide.

5- Implementation of a campus surface 5- Implementation of a campus surface water/stormwater management water/stormwater management plan. plan.

6- Undercut masses provide shading 6- Undercut masses provide shading and protect the internal playing and protect the internal playing surfaces from the effects of direct surfaces from the effects of direct sunlight and glare. sunlight and glare.

1- Making sure Campus is Pedestrian 1- Making sure Campus is Pedestrian Friendly Friendly 2- Understanding the need of creating 2- Understanding the need of creating proper garages of the corners of site proper garages of the corners of site plans plans 3- Creating pathways that lead to 3- Creating pathways that lead to internal courtyards, which allow for internal courtyards, which allow for sufficient open spaces in between sufficient open spaces in between buildings for outdoor activities. buildings for outdoor activities.

4- Having a set plan for any storm 4- Having a set plan for any storm water water

1-Preserve the campus history and

1- Massing and Orientation, making

highlight it

sure masses are in optimum orientation

2-Develop cycling network and pedestrian network (active

2- Light-Colored Paving and Shade to

transportation)

minimize heat absorption

3-Landscape management

3- Integrated Engineering Systems,

4-Wastewater and stormwater management 5-Ensuring energy-saving in heating and cooling systems Inner and outer connections on campus (city streets)

using them to create efficient electrical systems 4- Designing desert Landscape with plants that can withstand such conditions 5- Reducing campus’ overall heat island effect through design strategies

- Site emphasizes the importance of pedestrian and

cycling routes.

- New gate could be added to allow easier access to sites C and D. - The views of the campus are all commercial and residential only.

- Typography: Highest points on the site could be used for allocating most dominant functions.

Site Outcomes

WIND ROSE During July and August, w hen the temperature peaks, w indspeeds are at their low est. Direction varies seasonally; w inds are predominantly from the north in summer and from the south -southw est in the w inter. Southw est w inter w inds are undesirable and should be blocked and desirable north w inds should be w elcomed.

Summer

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART It is ideal to keep the relative humidity below 60%. This suggests that evaporative cooling may be used to cool the air enough to meet thermal comfort. The psychrometric chart show s that 55% of the time, the temperature exceeds 21 degrees C, the dry bulb temperature above w hich shading is needed.

SUN SHADING CHART When temperatures fall below 23 degrees C, solar exposure is desirable; above 31 degrees C, shade is required for comfort.

Winter

ILLUMINATION RANGE Solar radiation is desirable in most of December, January and February, as w ell as in the morning and late evening in November, M arch, April and M ay. Shading and cooling strategies are needed during midday and afternoon hours in M ay through October.

Heat Islands Reduce heat island effect, especially from surface parking.

Efficient Use of Surrounding Environmental Resources Use permeable pavements to manage stormwater efficiently.

Hot Arid Climate

Manipulating Air Movement

Use evaporative cooling such as water elements to cool and humidify outdoor spaces.

Use the thermal unit concept to provide sources of cool air to buildings and courtyards, and to move air from low pressure to high-pressure areas.

ABDELHALIM IBRAHIM'S VISION

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Outreach and community interaction.

Central spine with interconnected courtyards and plazas.

Unity of the building forms and spaces.

Renewable resources

THERMAL UNIT CONCEPT ENVIRONMENTAL OPTIMIZATION REPORT

The thermal unit concept describes patterns of thermal interactions between defined spaces.

1-The thermal unit: a high-pressure or cool element (pit or container).

2- Low-pressure or hot element (field).

3- A connector that allows air movement (tunnel).

LOAD BEARING CASE STUDIES

New Gourna 1948

Ventilation and Air Movement Masterplan of New Gourna

The masterplan included public buildings, mosque, market, village hall, theatre, crafts exhibition hall, boys' school with its' housing. It also included craft school, girls' school, police station, women's social center, church, sporting club, ..etc.

Hassan Fathy's housing project in Luxor. Redeveloped to accomodate a populatopn of 900 families. The design stood out due to the use of traditional techniques, local materials and vernacular architectural solutions.

Materials Used BRICK Made of earth dug from the sand of the desert and made of straw.

HARD LIMESTONE Suitable for foundations and it was found north of the Valley of the Kings.

SOFT LIMESTONE Good for making lime and it was found south of the Valley of the Queens.

MASTERPLAN

Sketches of village site plan

Walls COMMON PROBLEM IN UPPER EGYPT Walls are built in a shallow trench about twenty to twenty-five centimeters deep, mud brick is laid straight on the soil and close to the surface.

The main problem here is the capillary attraction of underground water into the walls and the consequent deterioration of the lower parts of the walls through repeated wetting and drying.

The recognized practice in professional structures of concrete, masonry, brick, etc., is to put a damp-proof course in the wall about fifteen centimeters above the level of contact with any wet soil.

Foundations BUILDING FIRM FOUNDATIONS ON CRACKED SOIL The solution was to get below the cracks, to dig the trenches for the foundations down to a sufficient depth and then fill them with sand or sandstabilized earth, rammed in layers of 20 cms each, to the normal depth for foundations of 1.2 meters.

Mehrez Apartment, 1967, Plan and Section

Another factor that governs people’s comfort inside a house in Upper Egypt is air movement. As the air is so dry, any breeze at all helps.Thus it is most important to pay close attention to the ventilation of houses.

The prevailing wind is north-north west and is relatively cool. If this wind is to ventilate a house, it must be admitted through openings.

Climate and Ventilation The climate of Upper Egypt is characteristic of a hot, arid zone, with a very wide difference between day and night temperatures.

Therefore the comfort of people inside buildings in this district depends largely upon the thermal properties of the walls and roof.

Sun-dried earth brick is, fortunately, one of the poorest conductors of heat. The mud brick houses of Upper Egypt do remain remarkably cool for the major part of the day.

Gando Primary School

Using local craftsmanship, clay pots were sawn in half and cast into a concrete roof slab.

Even though wood was not a popular material on site exception was made when creating this roof

Why Use Clay?

The affect is beautiful. Mottled natural light as well as escape points for hot air..

Clay bricks are known to have the highest dimensional stability and compressive strength which limits cracking and further ensures structural integrity. Not only this, buildings made up of clay bricks have a highly impressive load-bearing capacity and low deformation values which prevents shrinkage of mortar and surface cracking due to temperature changes.

Energy Efficient: thermal attributes which provide warmth in winters and a pleasant temperature during summers

The basic structure of the school comprises load-bearing walls made from compressed earth blocks

Acoustic Insulation: considered to be a durable and timeless building material that complements the aesthetic and functional needs of a building.

cast in hand presses on the construction site and jointed by an earth mortar.

Load Bearing Structure

Stabilized compressed earth was also used for the hexagonal pavement slabs.

The foundations are of stone and poured concrete; reinforced concrete was used only for the beams that support the ceilings

Heat flow through an external wall of uniform material of given thickness.

Schematic diagram of the modes of heat gain and loss in a building.

In the load bearing structural system, the loads gets transferred from slabs to foundations through walls

Climate Conditions

Passive Cooling Systems Passive Cooling Systems

Building Ventilation

1 concentrated on a thorough study of the traditional architecture

NEW BARIZ VILLAGE Project Inpirations:-

2 concentrated on climate of the region of kharga and surroundings.

3

CONCERN S

Functional Buildings

MAP

6 Administration

Museum

Museum

agricultural community here at that time.

examining the fourth century AD mudbrick ruins of the necropolis of Bagawat nearby

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3-planned to initially house 250 families, of which more than half were intended to be farmers and the remainder to be service personnel..

examining the fourth century AD mudbrick ruins of the necropolis of Bagawat nearby

The construction of the town was well underway when the 1967 war between Egypt and Israel broke out.

Villas Egypt's Map with neighboring countrie has kharga emphasized on it.

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he also closely observed the existing village of Kharga, where the material used

as well as the width and orientation of the streets

1- Discovery of a large water well sixty kilometers south of the Kharga Oasis in 1963 2-Desert Development to propose an

agricultural plan for that region was altered, there was no longer a need for such asettlement.

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POINTS FOR DISCUSSION

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examining the fourth century AD mudbrick ruins of the necropolis of Bagawat nearby

Arcade Workshop

Workshop

Sustainable techniques

Architectural Drawings - Villas

Construction Methods

market's wind owers Based on the venturi effect t

these towers combine a scientific principle with the forces of nature to temper the ground level shops for human comfort and reduce the temperature in the areas beneath to make a cool storage for perishables.

Intersection of courtyard facades

walls under construction

masonry detail of inclined vault

shop facades at market courtyards

domes under construction

HOW ITS MADE? A compressed earth block (CEB), also known as a pressed ear ock or a compressed soil block, is a building material made primarily from damp soil compressed at high pressure to form blocks. Compressed earth blocks use a mechanical press to form blocks out of an appropriate mix of fairly dry inorganic subsoil, non-expansive clay and aggregate.This project is a good example for using natural local building materials (Tafla) to cover their present needs th bl

patterned light

domes under construction

structural sun baffles defining shops fronting the market courtyard.

Loggia

Arches & Vaults

Arch under construction Market Courtyard

Rooftop with village workshop beyond

Mashrabiyya opening in windows

Framed Lighting

Visionary Masterplan

Parcel A

Dorms

Parcel A

Techno Hub Bioswale Museum

Students Center Crafts Center

Functional Spaces

Bio retention Gardens

Parcel A

Green Roof

Rain Barrels``

Bioswale Permeable Pavements

Low Impact Development Techniques (LID)

Parcel A

Parcel B

Extension Bridge

Girls Dorms Boys Dorms

Parcel B Functional Spaces

Extension Bridge

Parcel B

Parcel C

Water Feature

Disability Center

Parcel C

Counseling Center

Functional Spaces

Learning Center

Sensory Garden

Sports for Special Needs

Parcel C

Parcel D

Solar Panels

Parcel D

Greenhouse

Biopond

Functional Spaces Research Center

Wind Turbines

Parcel D

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS

STUDENT CENTER Alia Ghoneim 900172578

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH

SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578

CONTEXTUALLY DRIVEN

HISTORICALLY DRIVEN

central courts for natural ventilation

experiential movement in exhibit spaces like souq

USER ORIENTED DRIVEN

diverse options for occupying spaces differently

social spaces close to main entrance to welcome outsiders

similar functions overlooking one another

building tilted away from south direction

HOW outdoor exhibit central to reach everyone

privacy obtained within closed spaces for comfort

classes oriented towards bioswale

locating main functions towards prevailing wind

SOCIALLY DRIVEN

hidden bathrooms in a pocket like form

social spaces are mostly located at ground floor

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

bios wale

study rooms

classes

FIRST FLOOR PLAN - POTENTIAL

shops

exhibit spaces

bathrooms

virtual conference room

outdoor exhibition

labs

tech support

exhibit extension

bathrooms

ZONING

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

high tech shop

ROOF PLAN

bathrooms

bathrooms

Administration

Storage

outdoor learning spaces

PV Panels

green roof

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578

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GARDENS SPINE

Spaces following this grid on campus

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GATE 2 STREET PATH

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SSE BUILDING

Watson house has one composition that follows this grid

the grid is implemented on buildings and landscapes on campus

WATSON HOUSE

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Spaces following this grid on campus NEW GATE STREET PATH

DORMS

MASTERPLAN GRIDS SECOND FLOOR PLAN

OVERLOOKS NORTH

GRIDS

WHY USE IT ?

DOMINANT GRID

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SITE PLAN BOUNDARIES ROOF PLAN

WHY USE IT ?

Minimizes South Exposure

central courtyard and exterior exhibit space is the largest in size like souq

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578

CONNECTION OF SPACES

entering from an interior space and leaving from plaza and vice versa

FIRST PLANSPACES - POTENTIAL CUBICLE FORMAT OFFLOOR ACADEMIC

all academic spaces are overlooking a central social space

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

INSPIRATIONS

locating admin spaces and information desk to minimize conflict for outsiders

ROOF PLAN

ON-CAMPUS

FACILITIES AND SERVICES

tech support is more private thus located away from admin space beside labs

corner used to catch the eye of drivers coming from gate 2

classes tilted towards north direction and bioswale

PATHWAYS

narrow corridors and streets for circulation

central courtyard and exterior exhibit space is the largest in size like souq

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS ALIA GHONEIM-900172578

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ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

COLLECTING WASTE PRODUCTS

LANDSCAPE

3 food waste from dorms residence

collecting brown substances from souq market place

collecting waste products and forming new packages

shredding of green substances

shredding of brown substances

combining both substances

green wastes from surrounding context landscape

RECYCLING WASTE MANAGEMENT

DESIGN

collecting the fertilizer for farming

collecting the fertilizer for bioswale plants

COLLECTING WASTE PRODUCTS

4 encouraging young generation to engage with the environment

generating economic and sustainable academic resources

REDISCOVERING IDENTITY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE AWARENESS

Ventilation of Classrooms

making fragments in upper openings in walls will allow constant stack ventilation

Structural Efficiency

vaults are designed to carry rectangular geometries that exceed 6 metres in width

(using compressed earth blocks)

hot air rises allowing more cold air to come from lower openings

fragmenting dome ceilings in small openings allows daylight penetration and skylight effect

domes are designed to carry square geometries that exceed 6 metres in width

Key Plan

wooden slabs are designed to carry square geometries that are a maximum of 6 metres in width

staggered like geometry in first class encourages a lecture like experience that is formal.

Geometry of Classrooms

Arches are designed to act as fragmented walls to carry geometries and maintain the interior function of spces

second classrom has a ushape that allows informal exchange of awareness in class and more contributions

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third and forth classrooms are different sizes of workshops to work in teams

Sustainable Materials

Classrooms High density fiber core made of tightly condensed wood fiber.Dense floor gives flooring strength. Hardwood adds warm elegance and natural charm to the floors in your home—and Shaw hardwood adds lots of value, too. their eco-friendly option, engineered or solid hardwood having a timeless style that lasts forgenerations

Railings Bamboo

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Admin Space

Shaw carpets for offices and tech support. Carpets are recycled into new ones of high quality and sustainable for the environment.

NATURE OF FUNCTIONS IN FLOOR PLAN (Section Scale 1:200)

START

collecting and grinding green composite waste

collecting and grinding brown composite waste

Sustainable Landscape

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combining both green and brown materials to form a fertilizer from waste products.

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First class raises academic awareness on the history of recycling and how it could be improved

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The rest of the classes have hands on experience with the exterior landscape designated to collect waste products in bins

fertilizers are then used to be added in the natural bioswale or used to farm new plans in the western faces of the building

Rain barrels are implemented behind plumbing areas in building to make use of stormwater management or use it to aggrigate .

4 END

Central courtyard

classrooms overlooking activities

lounge inside classrooms

admin space

rooftop seating around atrium

atrium for daylight inside workshop

LIGHTING

ANALYSIS

BASE ANALYSIS-BEFORE

Ground Floor

First Floor

Second Floor

BASE ANALYSIS- AFTER

Ground Floor

First Floor

Second Floor

SOLAR ANALYSIS SOUTH/WEST PERSPECTIVE

BASE ANALYSIS-BEFORE

AIRFLOW ANALYSIS

FLOW VIEW

PLANE VIEW

ALIA GHONEIM-900172578

Color Coding

Wind Speed Analysis Usually above 23 Knots in prevailing wind direction N, NE, NW in Egypts climatic zone Usually varies between 9-11 Knots Indicates average wind speed Indicates the lowest wind speed of all between 0-3 Knots Indicates the below average wind speed of all between 6-9 Knots

SECTION BOX VIEW

central courtyard allows air to flow better in the interior spaces of the building that are not located at the corner of the facade