Preguntas RA 2

vol 1

issue3

j une2020

Tr av el magazine BUSINESS. CULTURE. Tour ism.

Alexan dr a Tigan est ean u

2

TOURISM TYPOLOGIESIN ANDALUSIA

53

FACTORS

28 13

SUBCO NCLUSIO Heading N

119

CONCLUSION

Tabl eof cont ent s 24 10

HOWCANWE INFLUENCETHE FACTORS?

32 28 14

SUB- Heading BIBLIO GRAPHY

1

t our ism t y pol ogies in andal usia It is a land of culture, history, celebration, nature and very good food. You will visit from impressive monuments to a natural environment full of contrasts, live unique popular celebrations and taste very tasty products. You can get to know the culture of Andalusia, for example, by discovering its World Heritage sites. In Granada, you have the Alhambra, the Generalife and the Albaicín; in Cordoba, its historic centre with the Mosque; in Seville, the Cathedral, the Alcazar and the Archivo de Indias; and in Jaén, the monumental complexes of Úbeda and Baeza. In addition, you can enjoy festivals such as Holy Week, the Carnival of Cadiz, the Rocio

in Huelva or the April Fair in Seville.

Finally, don't forget that in Andalusia you have a thousand flavors to try. From the wines of Jerez (Cádiz) and Montilla-Moriles (Córdoba), to the fried "pescaíto" of Cádiz and Málaga, the ham of Huelva and Córdoba, the olive oil or typical dishes such as gazpacho and salmorejo.

Below are the main tourist typologies characterize each province in this region:

that

2

FACTORS INFLUENCINGTOURISM DEMAND 1. Economic factors The concept of demand is intimately related to the decision-making process that individuals constantly make in the process of planning their leisure activities and, therefore, its determination depends on numerous factors not only economic, but also psychological, sociological, physical and ethical.

In this sense, the UNWTO defines tourism demand as: ?the set of tourists who, individually or collectively, are motivated by a series of tourism products or services with the aim of covering their needs?.

The complexity of defining tourism demand as a global concept requires a prior analysis of how the different factors that condition the decision to travel influence its structure.

These factors can be grouped into five major groups: -

Economical.

Relating to the claimant units.

Random.

Concerning marketing systems.

Production-related.

Level of disposable income This factor refers to the amount of money available to the consumer to spend on leisure goods, such as tourism, after paying for basic needs. In other words, it refers to the budgetary restriction to which the demand for any good is subjected. Sancho and Pérez (1995) have demonstrated in studies on the tourist demand of individuals the positive relationship between demand and available income. The individual's employment also has a direct impact on his or her chances of traveling and is also closely linked to the level of disposable income ·Price level. With regard to this variable, it should be considered that it does not affect the markets of origin in the same way as the tourist destinations. In the home market, high price levels or strong growth in domestic prices lead to increased spending on basic necessities, thus spending a larger share of income for these purposes, thus detracting from the amount spent on tourism (to maintain budgetary restraint). ·Fiscal policy and controls on tourism expenditure. This variable related indirectly to the disposable income of individuals is an important economic component. Faced with an increase in the tax burden, individuals' disposable income is relatively lower and therefore there will be a decrease in demand ·Financing. This factor is becoming an important element in recent demand studies. Thus, the possibility of financing travel in the long term or using term financing allows individuals to spend more or more often on tourism. ·Exchange rates. The explicit relationship between the currencies of the countries that send and receive tourism is an important factor in tourism demand. A strong relationship between the currency of the issuing country and the dollar favours tourism demand towards destination countries with less strong currencies against the dollar.

3

In conclusion, economic factors have a clear influence on demand, since the degree of development of a society determines the magnitude of that demand. It should be noted that the countries where most of the world's tourism demand is generated belong to the group of developed countries. These countries are characterized by dynamic economies, with populations primarily employed in the tertiary sector, high per capita income and much free time available. Developing countries are the destinations with the highest growth rates in tourist arrivals and are characterized by a majority of the population working in the primary sector, wealth based on land ownership, primitive transaction patterns, low per capita income and low levels of health.

4

2. Motivation When people travel, it is for a reason, which implies the existence of some motivation and which means reaching a certain goal. However, no two individuals are the same, so your decisions will depend on your attitudes, perceptions, personalities, tastes, preferences, and previous experiences. All of these aspects shape consumers' subjective judgments, which are what influence their decision. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that the determining factor of motivation gives rise to the different types of tourism we know today.

3. Socio-cultural factors Age, profession, employment, level of education or physical mobility all influence whether an individual demands more or less tourism. For example, more education, better information and knowledge of existing opportunities generate a greater propensity to travel. In this sense, social trends show changes in traditional family models, incorporating each time newer typologies such as single-parent families and singles - single, separated divorced. Likewise, an evolving tourist profile to be taken into account when designing products The specific tourism industry is the homosexual community.

These circumstances determine the need to promote the creation by tour operators of tourist packages that include these emerging segments of the population.

5

4. Forms and lifestyles People's lifestyles and individual attributes, their attitudes, perceptions, personality, experiences and motivations, give rise to different types of tourists.

Therefore, the diversity of protected natural areas that make up the Andalusian territory, coupled with the widespread and growing interest and awareness of the population on environmental problems makes Andalusia a destination of great tourism potential in foreign markets for the development of tourism products in relation to these areas. To this end, it is very important to promote a culture of quality, as well as to encourage the development of products planned under the premise of sustainability.

6

5. Leisure time

10. Random factors

Leisure time determines an individual's ability to travel. A greater amount of free time, implies a greater availability to travel.

These are those unpredictable variables determined by wars or natural disasters, which affect the systematic behaviour of consumers and which therefore affect the demand for tourism in the sense that they can reduce the flow of tourists to a given tourist destination.

6. Seasonal customs Some factors such as holidays, school vacations or the seasonality of the weather are favourable conditions for individuals to travel or tour. In Andalusia, the trend towards the fragmentation of holiday periods and its positive effects on the de-seasonality of destinations has led to a boom in new short term tourism products and the promotion of weekend trips and small holiday periods, feasible in a wide range of segments; rural, urban, cultural, etc.

7. Ideological, religious and political beliefs These are variables that condition the demand for tourism in individuals.

8. Political factors Government policy actions can either encourage or prevent increased tourism demand. The creation of infrastructure and support for the tourism industry by the central or regional government, etc. will stimulate the development of tourism, while actions such as visa requirements to visit a certain country, the existence of an unstable political regime, foreign currency limitations who can enter or leave a country, etc., will be sued.

11. Factors relating to marketing systems The effectiveness of marketing actions aimed at stimulating the consumer, or for implementation in the market of products, services or tourist destinations, influence the behaviour of the demand in a decisive way.

In this section, we can conclude that the emergence of new information and communication technologies offers a new formula for marketing of the tourist product, through which the tourist has the possibility of getting information, planning and acquiring his trip, understanding as such, the reservation and purchase of tourist services. In this sense, Andalusia as a destination already has marketing tools 'on line', so it is considered a priority to update the resources and the introduction of new products aimed at new segments and potential markets issuers. For example, the consolidation of Europe and the opening of borders, together with the improvement in communication routes, has drawn a new map in the tourist markets of origin and destination worldwide, to which Andalusia has paid special attention, designing for each of these new markets specific tourist products, adapted to their needs and deficiencies in leisure, culture, etc.

12. Factors relating to production systems 9. Demographic factors The economic development of a nation affects the ability to travel. Developing nations, mainly rural, with high birth and death rates, with young and extended families, are characterized by a low propensity to travel since they subsist on agriculture and their populations have neither time nor money to spend on tourism. Developed nations, predominantly urban, with low birth and death rates, high purchasing power for a population with a need to escape from the city and with diverse interests, are characterized by a high propensity to travel. Also, in today's society there is a growing interest in social and cultural values traditional, seeking to integrate the tourist into the local communities, not as a mere observer, but as part of this one. Within the framework of this trend, Andalusia occupies a privileged position that, without However, it requires the provision of a sufficiently wide range of services to enable the promotion of Andalusian peoples and traditions in the national and international market.

Consumer behaviour is influenced by variables such as quality, price/quality ratio, structure of the distribution chain, the existence of substitute goods or services or and the diversity and level of competitiveness of competitors.

7

8

concl usion To sum up, it is necessary to mention the conclusions obtained from the studies of the factors that influence the tourist demand: a)The demand is very elastic to the economic changes of the market, for example, the prices: a notorious increase of the same ones, generally, brings a decrease in the number of consumers. b)It is sensitive to the socio-political conditions of the countries and the changing fashions in the travel destination. c)The socio-political instability (wars, strikes, disorders), inhibits tourists to visit a certain place. d)It is conditioned by seasonality. Due to this dependence produce imbalances that act detrimentally on both demand and supply. The causes derive from both, climatic and other more or less influential factors, tradition, politics, etc. Many countries have high tourist flows in summer, due to their pleasant climate conditions, which determines positive seasonality in summer and negative seasonality in winter, from where it results that in the winter months, the tourist offer decreases or prices. The main effort of the countries and regions with positive and the negative seasonality of winter is to consistently increase its tourist offer in winter, in order to reduce the impact on unemployment and low occupation of tourist services available.

As far as prices are concerned, the value of our currency (euros), that is, the currency of the tourist receiving country, Spain, compared to other foreign currencies plays a very important role in the domestic tourist market. In the same way, if there is a deterioration in purchasing power abroad, tourists will choose to stay in their home country, delaying their trip for a better occasion. But if the monetary variation benefits them, it will act as a stimulus for the completion of the journey.

As a result, inflationary pressures very often act by diverting tourist flows to areas and places that are closer, less expensive and where certain expenditures can be eliminated. Among the aspects that stand out most as an impact of inflation are the next: -

Raising the prices of services.

Elimination of labour.

Loss of quality of services Deterioration of the image.

Reduction to the point of no profit.

This is why tourist destinations are obliged to produce annual reports that facilitate the study of the behaviour of the tourist demand that characterises them in order to alleviate the negative effects of the conditioning factors and improve the positive aspects.

9

How can we inf l uencet he fact or s?

Officially considered as the capital of the western Costa del Sol, Marbella is located in a privileged environment of the Spanish geography, between the Mediterranean Sea and the western end of the Penibetic mountain range.

Marbella has become a reference point for world tourism without having lost its typically Andalusian flavour and historical essence. Sea and mountains, tradition and modernity come together in this Mediterranean city to offer the visitor an atmosphere rich in nuances, multicultural and cosmopolitan, open to progress and a way of life based on coexistence and the welcoming character of its people.

Its wide and varied offer is capable of meeting the needs of the most demanding public: 27 kilometres of beach, beautiful mountains, golf courses, luxury hotels, four marinas, including Puerto BanĂşs, modern shopping centres, great facilities for holding conferences and an intense nightlife are just some of the charms of this enclave characterised by its magnificent microclimate and its select atmosphere.

MARBELLA

10

From the point of view of the promotion and marketing of the city's offer, both nationally and internationally, Marbella follows a strategy structured, alternating offline instruments with the use of online tools. In the In the case of the former, the use of tourist brochures, maps and accommodation guides are a constant in the four tourist offices that the town of Malaga has. This material is also made available to the various congresses held, both in the city itself as in the press and familiarization trips, without forgetting its usefulness in the main tourist fairs and events that Marbella goes to for to promote itself.

With regard to online tourism promotion, Marbella has a presence in the virtual, capitalized by its website, Marbella Exclusive. The city's tourist website was created with the fundamental purpose of promoting the competitiveness of the municipality's economy, helped by the rise of new technologies and mobile devices, thus articulating a web portal that transmits all the tourist and cultural wealth of Marbella, through a platform simple and intuitive that takes advantage of the Internet as a channel of information, promotion and marketing of Marbella as a tourist destination and of the services and offer of

However, despite presenting itself as a high quality tourist destination with a wide range of tourist offerings, Marbella, like other destinations that are in the mature phase of its evolution, must pay special attention to the behaviour of the different profiles of tourists who visit in order to influence directly and indirectly on the factors that condition the demand for tourism and, therefore, reinvent and meet the needs demanded by both old and new profiles.

11

Although it is true that there are several projects that the Marbella Town Hall has already implemented to mitigate the negative impacts of the factors that condition the tourist demand, some of these projects currently need a reorganization to improve their operation, so that they reach the maximum expected performance. Here are some examples of the areas that could be improved and how:

However, the economic and social environment and the existing tourist reality characterized by high competition, new technology and social networks applied to productive activities, globalization and above all the presence of a tourist clientele that is more autonomous when it comes to designing their trips and more interested in seeking enriching experiences motivates a change that must be based on a new model of tourist development. This is why a new culture based on sustainability, responsibility, innovation and quality is necessary Below is an explanatory table detailing the strategies that should be put in place and the actions that should be taken in order to meet the objectives of these strategies:

12

CONCLUSION To sum up, it is worth highlighting the evidence of the necessary participation by the competent bodies (in this case, Marbella Town Hall) in the impact they can make on the factors that influence tourist demand.

In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the Marbella Town Hall has been, is and will be obliged to take certain measures to develop the strong points that characterise its development as a tourist destination, as well as to improve those weaker points in which there is little or no impact. To be able to carry out the above strategies and actions, it will be necessary to have grants from the competent national and regional bodies. However, we must not forget that these subsidies will be granted as long as the arguments presented are strong and valid, which is why it is necessary to develop Strategic Plans that allow us to visualize the proposed objectives in both the short and long term.

In short, the impact that can be made on the previously mentioned factors is crucial and decisive in improving both the image and the quality of the Marbella tourist destination.

13

BIBLIOGRAPHY https://marinlogistics.com/tipos-de-turismo-andalucia/ https://www.spain.info/es/que-quieres/ciudades-pueblos/comunidades-autonomas/andalucia.html https://www.ojalamalaga.es/tipos-de-turismo-en-andalucia/ https://es.slideshare.net/CLAUSANTANDER/factores-determinantes-de-la-demanda-turstica https://www.recercat.cat/bitstream/handle/2072/209327/treball_recerca_rdemelas.pdf http://demandaturistica.blogspot.com/p/factores-determinantes.html https://www.adaptecca.es/sites/default/files/documentos/esteban-talaya_etal_2005.pdf https://issuu.com/institutouniversitariotides/docs/final-001 https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/16114/3/Tema%203.pdf https://www.andalucialab.org/blog/ideas-para-mejorar-el-turismo/ http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/turismoydeporte/publicaciones/estadisticas/bata_2017.pdf

https://dirigentesdigital.com/hemeroteca/marbella-_uno_de_los_destinos_preferidos_por_el_turismo_de_lu

14