The Hinterland Phalanstery

The Hinterland Phalanstery: ‘’Productivity is a process occurring within the factory, but extending to the entirety of social life, pervading the whole spectrum of social relationships’’. (M. Tronti, 1964) The project responds to Lefebvre’s thesis of ‘‘socially produced space’’ with an urbanised-hinterland alternative to city or country conditions.

A productive community demonstrating ideas of alternative working relationships sitting between agrarian and industrial society.

The aim of the Hinterland Phalanstery is to create a manufacturing facility capable of supporting part of the agricultural and electricity needs of Perth and Dundee and, above all, capable of being selfsufficient.

The proposal is focused on the creation of a productive working community to support city needs ranging from energy production through the construction of a biomass plant, to food production - either export focused to create income or consumption focused to support some of the food needs of the Phalanstery Hinterland workers.

Self-sufficiency will be achieved through, as mentioned earlier, the establishment of a biomass plant, a desalination plant and food processing plants.

Although the initial cost of the proposal can be considered high, in the long run the benefits of such a facility will be significant for the paired cities and the maintenance cost will be significantly reduced.

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A1 Food processing factories A2 Desalination plant A3 Food production deposit A4 Refrigerated food storage A5 Factories loading bays A6 Supermarket A7 Workers’ canteen A8 Agricultural equipment deposit A9 Workers’ plaza / Crops’ vehicular access A10 Permanent market area A11 Logistic offices A12 Restaurants A13 General factories A14 Glazed woodchip deposit A15 Biomass logistic offices A16 Woodchips converter A17 Converters A18 Thermal power generator A19 Electrical power generator A20 Bio-fuel generator A21 Bio-fuel warehouse A22 Import/Export loading bays A23 Waste converter A24 Leisure Park A25 Factories and Plant’s rail connection A26 Residential rail connection A27 Reclaimed costal path A28 Circulation corridors

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Redesigning the Hinterland:

identification of productive area suitable for proposal

This strategy aims to improve economic, cultural and administrative connections between different cities pairing them together through the creation of productive bundles -phalansteries- dealing with the different productive realms of each hinterland’ areas between the paired cities.Linking the cities throught the productive hinterland aims to recognize the value of manual and industrial labor and celebrate the idea of work now forgotten in modern day society, while offering a new circular metabolism of sources between the paired cities, allowing to share export and reuse sources from cities to cities through the hinterland.

In order to fully understand the site, the area between Dundee and Perth and to achieve a continuos relationship between these and between production manufacture and consumption I created a series of maps analyzing the key factors of the Hinterland.

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movement of goods

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The scale of the linear proposal depends on scale of the paired cities, future expansion predictions and minimum industrial/agricolar area to sustain the proposal and the linked cities.

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urban factory conceptual collage

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productive hinterland

linear infrastructural system between two cities

infrastructural changhes

Productive bundle

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to sustain the proposal and the paired cities tidal and biomass plants are proposed: biomass one will be in close proximity to the agrarian realms using mainly their waste material to generate electricty while tidal plant will be adjacent to the proposed docks area.

rail movement

road movement

tidal cargos no return point

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two kind of crops are proposed: one for the exclusive use of the inhabitants that will run in proximity to the public area, another extensive one for commercial and industrial purposes.

maritime movement

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power generation

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growing for consumption

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existing fields

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new linear future sprawl

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reclaimed pure nature

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reclaimed pure nature

leisure the linearity of the proposal will emphasize the distinction between urban and nature, in the site just a linear belt of nature is reclaimed, but in a global scale this would aim to reclaim the majority of the unproductive hinterland.

urban realm

hinterland realm - industrial and agrarian with canals links

urban realm - existing docks and airport

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the ‘’fingers’’ structures would host the

the ‘’fingers’’ structures would host the

some areas divided by the ‘’fingers’’ of

consideration area consideration area #2? trainline main road

consideration area

consideration area #2?

consideration area #2?

trainline

trainline

main road

main road

important infrastructural nodes

important infrastructural nodes

others by the ‘’finger’’ structures

consideration area consideration area #2? trainline main road

important infrastructural nodes

important infrastructural nodes

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some areas divided by the ‘’fingers’’ of

the ‘’fingers’’ structures would host the

others by the ‘’finger’’ structures consideration area

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the ‘’fingers’’ structures would host the

some areas divided by the ‘’fingers’’ of

others by the ‘’finger’’ structures

of the ‘’Infrastructural Boundle’’.

consideration area consideration area #2? trainline

main road

others by the ‘’finger’’ structures consideration area consideration area #2?

consideration area consideration area #2?

consideration area #2? trainline

the ‘’fingers’’ structures would host the

the ‘’fingers’’ structures would host the

the ‘’fingers’’ structures would host the

consideration area

main road important infrastructural nodes

trainline main road important infrastructural nodes

trainline main road important infrastructural nodes

important infrastructural nodes

Linking the different realms through the Phalansteries: Cities to pair

Linear lik through the hinterland Dundee

Realms subdivision 1

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Productive boundle for each realm 3

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Boundle size and form vary depending on the associated realm

The linearity between the cities is for future urban expansion

Creation of a circular productive metabolism between cities

Productive boundle to test on architectural scale

Hinterland Phalanstery: New social & productive relations isometric explosion This isometric drawing shows how all programs, both productive and non-productive, are interconnected and, above all, physically linked to existing road and rail infrastructures so as to facilitate the entry of primary resources and the export of the final product to the cities and other Phalansteries in the hinterland.

Residential areas benefit from hydroponic systems, both private and public, dedicated to Growing for consumption so that residents can grow their own food needs on their doorstep.

G1 Nursery gated playing court G2 Nursery classrooms G3 Gated nursery access G4 Same layout as lower residential floors

F1 ‘‘Growing for consumption’’ communal hydroponic greenhouses F2 Shared public-residential orizzontal circulation F3 Public inner gathering spaces F4 Educational corner F5 Access to above nursery for workers’ childrens F6 Public vertical circulation F7 Shared resident-public vertical circulation F8 Enclosed emergency stairs & lifts F9 South facing terraced common rooms

E1 Three-bedroom workers’ apartment E2 Four-bedroom workers’ aprtment E3 Private ‘‘growing for consumption’’ greenhouse E4 Vegetables drying rooms / Multipurpose rooms E6 South facing common rooms E7 Residential vertical circulation E8 Public corner vertical virculation

D1 Two-bedroom workers’ apartment D2 Three-bedroom workers’ aprtment D3 Private ‘‘growing for consumption’’ greenhouse D4 Communal ‘‘growing for consumption’’ hydroponic cladding system D5 Vegetables drying rooms / Multipurpose rooms D6 South facing common rooms D7 Residential vertical circulation D8 Public corner vertical virculation D9 Above Apartments entrances

C1 One-bedroom workers’ apartment C2 Two-bedroom workers’ aprtment C3 Private ‘‘growing for consumption’’ greenhouse C4 Communal ‘‘growing for consumption’’ hydroponic cladding system C5 Vegetables drying rooms / Multipurpose rooms C6 South facing common rooms C7 Residential vertical circulation C8 Public corner vertical virculation

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B1 Food production crops B2 Energy production crops B3 Seasonal market area B4 Residential access open-air circulation B5 Enclosed emergency stairs & lifts B6 Vegetables glazed lift B7 Workers’ circulation B8 Public corner vertical circulation

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A1 Food processing factories A2 Desalination plant A3 Food production deposit A4 Refrigerated food storage A5 Factories loading bays A6 Supermarket A7 Workers’ canteen A8 Agricultural equipment deposit A9 Workers’ plaza / Crops’ vehicular access A10 Permanent market area A11 Logistic offices A12 Restaurants A13 General factories A14 Glazed woodchip deposit A15 Biomass logistic offices A16 Woodchips converter A17 Converters A18 Thermal power generator A19 Electrical power generator A20 Bio-fuel generator A21 Bio-fuel warehouse A22 Import/Export loading bays A23 Waste converter A24 Leisure Park A25 Factories and Plant’s rail connection A26 Residential rail connection A27 Reclaimed costal path A28 Circulation corridors

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Hinterland Phalanstery: Uses diagram traditional soil based farm for energy production:

vertical hydroponic system for consumption:

surface area: 2 hectars monthly yeld: 20 tonnes

surface area: 4000 m2 monthly yeld: 12 tonnes

desalination system:

bridging social facilities:

surface area: 4000 m2

surface area: 24000 m2 programs: coomunal kitchens

, dryigìng harvesting areas, educational fac., auditorium, green inner plaza

traditional soil based farm for food production:

biogass plant industrial area:

offices & permanent market areas:

surface area: 3.3 hectars monthly yeld: 33 tonnes

surface area: 3500 m2

surface area: 17000 m2

social hydroponic farm for food production:

food production industrial area:

residential area:

resi/workers circulation system:

surface area: 8.800m2 monthly yeld: 31 tonnes jobs: --

surface area: 25000 m2

surface area: 22690 m2 units: 576

surface area: 17000 m2

leisure garden: surface area: 28000 m2

Public corner 1:20 perspectival section: The west corner of the proposal houses public-focused programs, such as meeting spaces, a nursery and various educational spaces.

Since the workers with families will be busy working in the production areas, it is proposed to create an area dedicated to the kindergarten, in addition it is proposed to create several multifunctional rooms for the public where meetings can take place dedicated to the best technologies available in agriculture for workers.

The deck below consists of horizontal circulation ,that allows access to the floors above, which will host seasonally markets held by residents where they can get extra income by selling the surplus food grown in the growing for consumption areas.

PRODUCTIVE PROGRAMS

agrarian areas factory areas energy crops biomass plants tidal industrial areas wharehouse areas industrial docks dispatching areas logistic areas fish culture

PUBLIC PROGRAMS

linear market linear urban farm green belth path water front hospitality sport facilities retail shops eco life educational

RESIDENTIAL

family apartments double apartments

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single apartments accomodations common resi open air spaces shared kitchens residential farms

WORKERS & RESIDENTS PROGRAMS

green promenade car-parks comm. centre exhisting rails

CIRCULATION

prod. line tube

fitness facilities kindergarden linear tube

costal path green promenade comm. promenade public cores resi. cores road links maritime links security offices medical aid job allocation storing facilities educational

SERVICES

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1 Inner social gathering area on public Growing for Consumption level 2 Multipurpose educational convention rooms 3 Openable cieling windows to control heat exchange 4 Concrete flooring supported by metal beam 5 Gated nursery for workers’ childrens 6 Educational classrooms 7 Gated nursery entrance lobby 8 Children gated playground 9 Multipurpose educational rooms 10 Seasonal public market area 11 Leisure park with water flow 12 Main structural walls following elevated arable crops structure 13 Concrete dec over social gathering area

Redesigning the agricultural fields: Arable crops are not defined anymore by land ownership, but by the architectural supporting structure.

agriculture will happens above and below ‘ground :

from monoculture, to strips, to structural strips :

sources

manufacture & energy production

export

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present

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future

Crops support structural principle: 2 mt 0,5/0,8 mt

2 mt 0,5 mt 4 mt 6 mt

Factory extending to the entirety of social life, Growing for energy production & residential perspectival section: Biomass is converted in energy through various way but the most common and the proposed one is Thermal conversion, where biomass is converted in to briquettes and heated to produce steam which power turbines that create energy to power up the proposal and to generate an income from the production of bio fuel, thanks to the ease at which biomass can be stored and stocked for future demands or for export.

The crops shown on the perspectival sections are dedicated to energy production and the agricultural waste generated by the other fields, comprising plant cuttings and other materials from maintanance work is then used in the below biomass plant to generate steam that will then be transformed in electrycity.

This energy production could save an average of 150.000 gallons of imported oil fuel per year.

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11 1 Four bedrooms apartment 2 Three bedrooms apartment 3 Two bedrooms apartment 4 Private terrace overlooking arable crops 5 Enclosed emergency stairs 6 Communal growing for consumption level 7 Communal Hidroponic cladding system 8 Public vertical circulation and veg. elevator 9 Public seasonal’ market deck 10 Growing for energy production crops 11 Biomass Plant area 12 Logistic offices east-facing 13 In-take desalinated waterpipe to crops 14 Out-take waterpipe to refiltrate 15 Seasonal market stalls’ storage space 16 Residential greenhouses

3rd , 7th floorplan configuration:

Residential units’ fragment iso view:

C1 One-bedroom workers’ apartment C2 Two-bedroom workers’ aprtment C3 Private ‘‘growing for consumption’’ greenhouse C4 Communal ‘‘growing for consumption’’ hydroponic cladding system C5 Vegetables drying rooms / Multipurpose rooms C6 South facing common rooms C7 Residential vertical circulation C8 Public corner vertical virculation

2 Growing for energy production and income level floorplan: Seasonal market area ‘s fragment iso view:

B1 Food production crops B2 Energy production crops B3 Seasonal market area B4 Residential access open-air circulation B5 Enclosed emergency stairs & lifts B6 Vegetables glazed lift B7 Workers’ circulation B8 Public corner vertical circulation

1th Productivity level floorplan configuration:

A1 Food processing factories A2 Desalination plant A3 Food production deposit A4 Refrigerated food storage A5 Factories loading bays A6 Supermarket A7 Workers’ canteen A8 Agricultural equipment deposit A9 Workers’ plaza / Crops’ vehicular access A10 Permanent market area A11 Logistic offices A12 Restaurants A13 General factories A14 Glazed woodchip deposit

A15 Biomass logistic offices A16 Woodchips converter A17 Converters A18 Thermal power generator A19 Electrical power generator A20 Bio-fuel generator A21 Bio-fuel warehouse A22 Import/Export loading bays A23 Waste converter A24 Leisure Park A25 Factories and Plant’s rail connection A26 Residential rail connection A27 Reclaimed costal path A28 Circulation corridors

Biomass plant export loading bay’s fragment iso view:

6th Growing for consumption level floorplan configuration: Communal hydroponic’s fragment iso view:

F1 ‘‘Growing for consumption’’ communal hydroponic greenhouses F2 Shared public-residential orizzontal circulation F3 Public inner gathering spaces F4 Educational corner F5 Access to above nursery for workers’ childrens F6 Public vertical circulation F7 Shared resident-public vertical circulation F8 Enclosed emergency stairs & lifts F9 South facing terraced common rooms

5th & 9th floorplan configuration:

Residential units’ fragment iso view:

E1 Three-bedroom workers’ apartment E2 Four-bedroom workers’ aprtment E3 Private ‘‘growing for consumption’’ greenhouse E4 Vegetables drying rooms / Multipurpose rooms E6 South facing common rooms E7 Residential vertical circulation E8 Public corner vertical virculation

4th & 8th floorplan configuration: Residential units’ fragment iso view:

D1 Two-bedroom workers’ apartment D2 Three-bedroom workers’ aprtment D3 Private ‘‘growing for consumption’’ greenhouse D4 Communal ‘‘growing for consumption’’ hydroponic cladding system D5 Vegetables drying rooms / Multipurpose rooms D6 South facing common rooms D7 Residential vertical circulation D8 Public corner vertical virculation D9 Above Apartments entrances

Growing for production, energy plant area: The crops dedicated to energy production and the agricultural waste generated by the other fields, comprising plant cuttings and other materials from maintanance work is then used in the below biomass plant to generate steam that will then be transformed in electrycity.

To support the biomass converters is proposed the harvesting of switchplants, perennial crops that have exeptionally high ethanol yelds per hectare and is considered a primary candidate in bio fuel.

The generated electricity is used to power up the proposal and to generate a profit exporting biofuel and re-feeding energy surplus in to the national network.

The waste ash generated from the combustion is reused as a farm feriliser in the fields.

WHITE WOOD

AGRICULTURAL WASTE

FOREST RESIDUES

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

MUNICIPAL WASTE

ENERGY CROPS

BIOMASS STORAGE

STEAM EXPLOSION

THERMOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION

BIOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION

HEAT EXCHANGER

PURIFICATION

CONVERSION

BIOFUEL

ELECTRICAL POWER

THERMAL POWER

MATERIAL WASTE

general disposal

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ELECTRICAL GRID

THERMAL USERS

switchplant crops life cycle

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product out

STORAGE

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raw materials in

MATERIALS RECEPTION

CHECK-OFF & SORTING

RAW MATERIAL STORAGE

SORTING

LABOUR ENTRANCE

production area

fuel in

ENERGY GENERATION

CANTEEN

VENTILATION

KITCHEN

WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY

LABOUR REST AREA

food in

bio energy conversion

Crops will include: Spring barley – the main crop Winter wheat and winter barley– to a lesser extent Soft fruit such as strawberries, raspberries Vegetables such as peas, carrots, turnips and swedes Arable fields often depend on high levels of inputs such as fertilizers that in the proposal would be recicled by the proposed circular methabolism flow between Perth and Dundee, and generated by the ashes from the biomass plant.

labour in

Growing for production, food processing areas:

WATE MATERIALS DISPOSAL

INSPECTION & TESTING

TOOLS ROOM

ADMINISTRATION

PACKAGING

SECURITY

DEVELOPMENT LABS

INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTION

general disposal

STORAGE

product out

PRODUCT DESPATCH

LOAD ASSEMBLY CHECK-OFF

wheat & barley life cycle

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Water self-sufficency, desalination plant area: In order to lower the costs derived from the maintenance of the agricultural crops, the construction of a desalination plant is proposed.

Plant that collect rain water and water directly from the Tay River, filter it and through the reverse osmosis treatment can be used as drinking water and mainly to support the soil and hidroponic crops needs.

The grey water generated by the growing process will be then refiltered and reintroduced in to the growing cycle process.

TAY-RIVER WATER INTAKE

TAY WATER

SCREENING

COMPRESSING OUTLET

FILTRATION

REVERSE OSMOSIS

TO SCOTTISH WATER SYSTEM

reverse osmosis screening

RESIDENTIAL UNITS

DRINKING WATER TREATMENT

to proposal

filtration

treatment

to national grid

NUTRIENTS

HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

AGRICULTURAL FIELDS

outlet tunnel

water intake

water intake

Growing for Consumption, hydroponic areas: Usually Farming leafy vegetables tends to be very landintensive.

With the proposed hydroponic system, both for private greenhouses and communal cladding system, will improve significantly the productivity primarly focused to support the residents needs, secondly to allow them to have an extra income with the surplus generated that can be sell seasonally in the informal market area.

A section of 3x5metres of vertical cladding system can produce more harvest then 30 sqm of farm land.

RAIN WATER COLLECTION TANK

DESALINATION PLANT FILTERING

water tank

NUTRIENT TANK

HIDROPNIC CLADDING

to soil crops

PRIVATE HIDROPONIC

SOIL CROPS

Growing for Consumption, out facing facade visualization: The hydroponic system constituting the cladding of the facade overlooking the landscape around the proposal, provides sustenance for the residents at the doorstep, while the communal growing for consumption area on the fourth floor allows for bulkier crops allowing the residents to create an income from the harvest extras that can be sold seasonally on the seasonal market area.

Growing for Consumption, communal hidroponic cladding:

Growing for Consumption, terrace overlooking crops: Usually Farming leafy vegetables tends to be very land-intensive.

With the proposed hydroponic vertical farming, the communal cladding system will significantly improve the production of vegetables primarly focused on supporting the residents needs. Furthermore it allows them to gain an extra income from the surplus generated that can be sold seasonally in the informal market area on the productive crops’ level.

A section of 3x5metres of vertical cladding system can produce more harvest then 30 sqm of farm land.

The hidroponic cladding system runs along the residential levels corridors from the north-west area to the north-east end of the proposal.

pvc pipe nutrient solution airspace airabsorbing roots

Growing for Consumption, resi. hidroponic greenhouse:

Production Level, workers’ circulation visualization: Tthe productive spaces created extend from the areas used for production to the entirety of social life that takes place in the proposal.

Circulation in the ground floor allows residents and non-residents to see every step of energy production, food and water treatment in the relevant facilities.

Glimpse on to Biomass crops:

growing medium root repellant filter fabric dreinage layer insulation layer waterproof membrane aeration layer structural concrete support

Food market along the canal: The southern areas of the north-west and north-east residential blocks hosts south facing communal gathering and educational rooms dedicated to the exchange of ideas and agriculture related technologies.

Being positioned toward the south, these multifunctional common rooms can be used as drying spaces for vegetables and other ‘‘grow for consumption’’ harvest.

Southern communal areas: