A LASKA ADVENTURE GEAR
• Sizes: 8-13 (Men), 5-10 (Women)
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• Sizes: 9-14 (Men), 5-10 (Women)
• Sizes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 • Colors:
• Sizes:
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• Sizes: 2T, 3T, 4T, 4/5, 6, 7
• Colors: Blue Thunderbolt, Jade Hearts
• Sizes: S-3XL
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Fun and Games Fun and Games
CAUGHT READING WORD SEARCH
Find the hidden words in the puzzle
CROSSWORD
APPENDIX AUDIO
AUTHOR
BIBLIOGRAPHY BINDING BLURB
Find the words hidden vertically, horizontally, diagonally, and backwards BOOKS BOOKSTORE BORROW CHAPTER EDITION E-READER GENRE HARDCOVER ILLUSTRATION IMAGINATION INTEREST LIBRARY
WORD SEARCH ANSWER
NONFICTION PAGE READING SHELVES SPINE STORYTELLER
SUDOKU
(Level - Easy)
The objective is to fill a 9×9 grid so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3×3 boxes (also called blocks or regions) contains the digits from 1 to 9 only one time each.
ACROSS
1. Two-person German submarine
6. 60-minute intervals (abbr.)
9. Database management system
13. Vertical position
14. American jazz singer Irene
15. Ancient Greek City
16. Former Senate Majority Leader Harry
17. Japanese seaport
18. Self-immolation by fire ritual
19. Assigns tasks
21. Beloved type of cigar
22. Discounts
23. Cambodian communist leader Pot
24. Important football position
25. Kilometers per hour
28. Lentil
29. Extremely angry
31. Yellow-flowered European plant
33. American state
SUDOKU ANSWER
CROSSWORD ANSWER
36. Some are made by rabbits
38. Express with a head movement
39. Affair
41. Cured
44. Youth organization
45. 18-year astronomical period
46. Automobile
48. Focus a shot
49. The NFL’s big game (abbr.)
51. Mouth
52. Infections
54. Curved pieces of a horse collar
56. Shameless
60. Assist in escaping
61. Capuchin monkey genus
62. Cold wind
63. Retired Brazilian NBAer
64. Tropical Old World tree
65. Bulgarian city
66. Speak indistinctly
67. Soviet Socialist Republic
68. Between-meal sustenance
DOWN
1. Not soft
2. Sharp-pointed dueling sword
3. Line a roof
4. Greek god of the underworld
5. Software
6. Large-headed elongated fishes
7. Shag rugs
8. Type of whale
9. Lacking a plan
10. Spill the beans
11. Some is “heavy”
12. One who has been canonized
14. Indicate times
17. Greeting
20. Broadway actor Josh
21. Seashore
23. Indicates before
25. Electrical power unit
26. Destitute
27. Drags forcibly
29. Impropriety
30. Word forms
32. Equal to 10 meters
34. Neither
35. Computer language
37. Practice of aging film or TV characters (abbr.)
40. A woolen cap of Scottish origin
42. A promise
43. Challenges
47. Official
49. People living in Myanmar
50. Notable tower
52. Type of sword
53. Vaccine developer
55. Listing
56. Summertime insects
57. Concluding passage
58. Guitarist Clapton
59. Damp and musty
61. Central nervous system
65. Against
ANCHORAGE
Alaska Mining & Diving Supply, Inc. (907) 277-1741
ANCHORAGE
Anchorage Yamaha Suzuki Marine (907) 243-4903
FAIRBANKS
Northern Power Sports (907) 452-2762
HOMER
All Seasons Honda (907) 235-8532
KODIAK
Water’s Edge Marine (907) 486-1060
SEWARD
Seward Heavy Industrial Power (907) 224-3854
SOLDOTNA
Peninsula Powersports (907) 262-4444
Coloring Page SUBMISSIONS
Abby Abbott Age 10, Glennallen
Addyson Faye Cook Age 10
Andrew, W. Age 10, Delta Junction
Abby Age 10, Willow
Alanna Jean Hoogendorn Age 10, Koyuk
Anja PIke Age 10, Seward
Arlo Age 6, Kodiak
David Christiansen III Age 7, Old Harbor
Ellen Harris Age 8, Unalakleet
Cooper Cooper Age 36, Sandpoint, ID
Dovie Noratak-Chandler Age 8, Chevak
Gwendolyn & Oddel Holcomb Age 6 & 8, Yakutat
Henry Fancher Age 7, Unalakleet
Jordyn Hicks Age 7, Glennallen
Kaison Age 8, Wasilla
Hinna Kuzmin Age 8, Delta Junction
Juniper Roscovius Age 2, Kodiak
Kierra Tappen Age 12, Delta
Learah M. Kilangak Age 18, Emmonak
Manefa Snegirev Age 10, Delta Junction
Nolan Noratak-Chander Age 6, Chevak
Luke Smith Age 6, Kodiak
Marshall deClan Lott Age 12, Kodiak
Nora Mallory Age 8, Seward
Remington Luiten Age 1, Glennallen
Roy Kay Age 7, Fairbanks
William Dose Age 4, Kodiak
Roscoe Ballott, Jr., Age 9, Buckland
An early ascent of the Yukon River
Ned Rozell
Civil War veteran Charles Raymond was 27 when he accepted an assignment to visit the new U.S. territory of Alaska, a place so far away from his home in New York City he couldn’t imagine it.
Two years after Secretary of State William Seward had brokered the purchase of Alaska from Russia, U.S. leaders suspected the British trading post at Fort Yukon might be located on American soil. But they weren’t sure.
An 1825 treaty between Russia and Great Britain — then the controlling power of Canada — described Interior Alaska’s eastern boundary as a straight line along the 141st meridian. Surveyors would not get to marking that with waist-high obelisks until the early 1900s.
But U.S. military leaders thought that a point measurement of Fort Yukon’s longitude was possible, if difficult. That required someone to travel deep into the heart of the Alaska territory with equipment that would let him determine from the stars where his boots were planted. Raymond’s superiors were impressed enough with him — an engineer who had finished first in his class at West Point — that they asked him to ascend the Yukon River from its mouth at the Bering Sea, a journey of more than 1,000 miles.
With an assistant, Raymond left San Francisco in a steamship bound for Alaska on April 6, 1869. Due to choppy seas that delayed his arrival in St. Michael, Alaska, Raymond did not begin his odyssey up the Yukon River until three months later.
On July 4, 1869, a wooden ship chugged into the mouth of the Yukon River with “flags flying and guns firing,” Raymond wrote in an account of his mission.
The steamship Yukon, owned by the Alaska Commercial Co., was along with many others soon to become a common sight on Alaska’s largest river. But a paddlewheeler powered by wood-fired boiler had never before churned
as far up as Fort Yukon.
The Yukon’s crew would stop a few times each day at logjams in the river. There, they would saw off stems by hand and stuff them in the ship’s hungry boiler, which produced steam to turn the paddlewheel.
After dozens of such stops, the ship arrived at Fort Yukon on July 31, 1869.
Raymond anticipated tension at the trading post. He instead found the hospitality he noted everywhere he visited in Alaska:
“Notwithstanding the somewhat unpleasant character of our errand, we were cordially welcomed by Mr. John Wilson, the agent of the Hudson Bay Company at the station,” Raymond wrote. “(We) were speedily established in one of the comfortable log buildings which compose the fort.”
He found his surveying job harder than he expected: “The nights were so light as to greatly embarrass astronomical observations.”
Impatiently watching the Yukon River’s water level drop as feeder creeks started to freeze, the captain of the Yukon announced he was heading back for St. Michael, with or without Raymond.
Because he needed more measurements to be confident, one afternoon Raymond stood on shore and watched the steamship pull away from Fort Yukon. The captain had left him and his assistant behind.
Raymond soon thereafter — with the help of a solar eclipse — determined that Fort Yukon was indeed west of the 141st meridian and part of the United States.
Raymond informed John Wilson with some regret that he needed to take possession of the British trading post. He then hoisted the American flag on a spruce pole. As Raymond watched it flap in the breeze, he pondered his exit from Alaska.
On Aug. 28, 1869, Raymond shoved off from Fort Yukon for home with four others in a wooden skiff sealed with spruce pitch.
Their rations for the long trip downstream included 25 pounds of “moose pemmican” from John Wilson, the ousted Hudson Bay manager.
In a journey “too monotonous to require much description” Raymond and his party paddled the hundreds of miles of gentle river to the village of Anvik in two weeks. There, his plan changed. Raymond’s boat had disinte-
grated beyond repair. The Natives in Anvik deemed it too late in the season to help the men descend the Yukon to its mouth, more than 300 river miles away.
Not wanting to overwinter in Alaska, Raymond heard from a village leader that the locals sometimes travelled upstream on the Anvik River to a portage that would lead them to the ocean at Norton Sound. It was a much shorter journey than boating to the mouth of the Yukon but promised more suffering.
“This being apparently the only avenue of escape, I did not hesitate long,” Raymond wrote.
Their overland trip to the coast by birchbark canoe and foot began with the “unpleasant discovery” that they had left behind a canvas bag that contained most of their food. Raymond and his companions continued, enduring a hungry few days, until they spotted campfire smoke on the far side of the pass.
There, a coastal Native and his wife were at their hunting camp. They shared caribou meat with the men, who “feasted to our hearts’ content.”
The men weren’t out of the woods yet, as 20 miles of tussocks and deep moss separated them from tidewater. They staggered “almost dead with fatigue” into presentday Golsovia on the Norton Sound coast. There, they shared a Native’s meal of one hare cooked in sea water, “which we fancied delicious because we had not tasted salt for more than a week.”
An American Commercial Co. captain soon picked up Raymond’s party by steamer. A month later, Raymond arrived back in San Francisco. It was Nov. 6, 1869, exactly six months after he had taken off.
Though he never returned to Alaska, Raymond’s halfyear mission resulted in not only in the establishment of America’s newest trading post at Fort Yukon, but also the first detailed paper map of the Yukon River, drawn from his observations. This column is provided as a public service by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, in cooperation with the UAF research community. Ned Rozell is a science writer at the institute.
Public domain photo.
Charles Walker Raymond poses during his service as a member of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Public domain photo.
The steamboat Yukon, owned by the Alaska Commercial Co., travels the Yukon River. In 1869, the boat became the first steamer to ascend the river to Fort Yukon.
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