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How to Optimize Industrial Evaporators?

AL AQU AIN C. CO M

An evaporator is a heat exchanger that is designed to heat a certain compound while sti ll separati ng water by evaporati on. Alaqua Inc supplies different kinds of evaporators technology for food, pharmaceuti cal, and other processing industries to fulfi l the industrial processing equipment demands.

Evaporators have traditionally been used in manufacturing processes. In the food industry, for example, water is removed from foods to maximize the concentrati on of the solid portion, achieve the optimal flavor and appearance, and extend shelf life. Another example is the pharmaceutical industry, where eliminati ng humidity improves the chemical stability of the finished product. Evaporators have begun to be used for energy generati on in recent years. In this scenario, the steam is expanded in a reactor after it has been evaporated.

This form of an evaporator, also known as calandria or Robert, was the fi rst to be commonly used in manufacturing and is sti ll used today. At the bott om of the shell, inside a small tube evaporator, a bundle of heat exchange tubes is enclosed in another steel cylinder (also known as calandria). Steam enters the cylinder and heats the tubes, and heats the compound, which must be dehumidifi ed. The steam and the dehumidifi ed compound will escape from the upper and lower parts, respecti vely, at the end of the evaporati on period.

A heati ng secti on (also known as a steam chest) and a vapor/liquid separati on secti on are found in any evaporator. The heati ng component can be external to the vessel that houses the vapor/liquid separati on secti on, or it can be housed within a single vessel (body).

Evaporators may be made up of one or more results, each of which consists of one or more bodies acti ng at the same boiling point. The vapour from one body heats a second body with a lower boiling temperature in a multi ple-effect evaporator.

The fi rst effect is directly heated by steam, and the bodies after that are arranged according to their boiling temperatures (or pressure).

To lower the boiling temperature, evaporator bodies are usually worked under a vacuum. To generate a vacuum, steam ejectors or mechanical vacuum pumps are often used. A single pump or a series of pumps can be used, depending on the amount of vacuum needed for the last result, which has the lowest boiling point. Non-Condensable gases that emerge as dissolved gases in the feed or from air escaping into the evaporator body are often removed by vacuum systems. To condense the vapour leaving the last evaporator effect, most evaporati on systems have either a direct or indirect water-cooled condenser. This raises the system's vacuum. Since the vapours produced are completely condensed inside the heati ng porti on of the evaporator, mechanical vapour recompression (MVR) (discussed later) evaporators do not need an external condenser.

The primary way to improve an evaporator's steam economy is to reuse the latent heat of the water vapour. The water vapour from one effect is used as the heati ng medium for the next effect, which has a lower boiling point. The latent heat in water vapour may also be reused by compressing it to a higher pressure and temperature, either thermally or mechanically. These three methods of increasing performance, however, have limitati ons that are determined by the physical properti es of the liquid feed being evaporated.

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