Difference between Distillation and Evaporation

Distillation- Overview

Distillationistheprocessofconvertingtheliquidintovaporwhichcondensesbacktothe liquidform.Toseparatetheliquidsfromthenon-volatilesolids,youcanusethedistillation process. This process separates the components of a mixture based on different boiling points.Since3000BCintheIndusValleypeopleareusingthedistillationmethod.

Forseparatingthemixtureofliquids,theliquidgetsheateduptoforcethecomponents,to have different boiling points. After this, the gas condenses back into liquid form and collects. If we repeat the process on the collected liquid, to improve the quality, we call it doubledistillation.

In dry distillation, we heat solids to form vapors which are then condensed to liquid or solid form. This distillation involves chemical changes such as cracking or destructive distillation.

The distillation process either completely separates the target liquid to the pure state or partially. This separation increases the concentration of the particular component in the mixture.Thebookingpointofthecomponentdecreasesasthisprocessprogresses.Youcan easilyfindthePlantationofdistaillationintheUSA.

Applications of Distillation-

 Fermentedproductsgothroughthedistillationprocessandformdistilledbeverages having strong alcohol content. It can also separate other fermentation products havingcommercialvalue.

 Itisatraditionalandeffectivemethodofdesalination.

 In the chemical industry, crude liquid products get processed which separates the impurities,unreactedstartingmaterials,orotherproducts.

 Cryogenicdistillationseparatestheairintocomponentssuchasoxygen,argon,and nitrogenforindustrialuse.

Evaporation - Overview

Evaporationisthevaporizationprocess.Ittakesplacewhentheliquidonthesurfaceturns into vapor or gas. In this process, the molecules undergo a spontaneous transition from liquid to gaseous form. Evaporation occurs when molecules in the liquid absorb enough energytobreakfreefromtheirliquidformandturnintovapor.Thisprocessrequiresheat energy which comes from the environment or other sources such as boiling. It is an important part of the water cycle as it moves water from one place to another in the atmosphere.

Application of Evaporation-

 Industrialapplicationssuchascoatingandprintingprocessesincludethedryingof materialslikepaper,lumber,cloth,andotherchemicals.

 Toconcentrateordrysampleslaboratoryusestheevaporationmethod.

 To cool down the building, evaporative coolers can do it by blowing dry air over a filtersaturatedwithwater.

Difference between the Distillation and Evaporation:

 Distillation is the possess of acquiring gas from the liquid by heating up the component.Ontheotherhand,Evaporationistheprocessofconvertingliquidintoa gasbyheatingtheliquid.

 Distillationdoesnotonlyoccuronthesurface,however,evaporationoccursonlyat thesurface.

 In the distillation, the liquid vaporizes at boiling point. During evaporation, liquid vaporizesbelowboilingpoint.

 Distillationisaquickandrapidprocess,ontheotherhand,evaporationisagradual andslowprocess.

 This distillation process is entirely a separation technique, whereas, evaporation is nottheseparationprocess.

 During the distillation process, it forms liquid bubbles at the boiling point. In evaporation,noliquidbubblesformattheboilingpoint.

If we talk about types of distillations and evaporators, there are various types of both of them. Let us have look at their types.

Types of Distillation:

 Simple

 Fractional

 Steam

 Vacuum

 Air-sensitivevacuum

 Shortpath

 Zone

Simple Distillation:

Thisprocessinvolvestheheatingoftheliquidmixturetotheboilingpoint. Itimmediately condenses the resulting vapor. It is an effective method for mixtures having different boilingpoints.

Fractional Distillation:

Thisdistillationprocessisforseparatingtheliquidhavingthesameboilingpoints.Inthis, whenwe heat theliquidmixture, it getsconvertedintovapors which raisesthefractional column.Afterthis,thevaporsgetcoolandthencondensethewallsofthecondenser.

Steam Distillation:

With steam distillation, we separate the heat-sensitive components in a mixture. In this, we pass the steam through the mixture to vaporize it. It establishes a high heat transfer ratewithouthightemperatures.Itthencondensestheresultingvapors.

Vacuum Distillation:

This process is great for separating liquids having high boiling points. During this, the pressure of the surroundings is low. This enables the component to boil at lower temperatures. When the vapor pressure equals the pressure of the surrounding, it gets convertedintoavapor.

Air-Sensitive Vacuum Distillation:

The air-sensitive distillation process is for the air-sensitive compounds that readily react withit.However,afterthewholeprocess,thevacuummustbereplacedwithaninertgas. More