Portfolio for application to MA Landscape Architecture in UCL bartlett

Photo by Siqi Sun

Student number: 21148925 Siqi SUN Academic year-2021/22

Apply for Admission to MA Landscape Architecture

P O R T F O L I O

PERSONAL DATA Name:

WORK EXPERIENCE

Tel:

March, 2018-March, 2020 SHENZHEN LANDSCAPE CO ., LTD Senior Landscape Designer

Siqi Sun

086-18681591347

WORKED ON: Shenzhen Media Group CBD Landscape Design

E-mail:

- Worked on schematic landscape design and coordinated with clients;

akumahate@gmail.com

- Directed the design representation and presentation document.

- Worked on construction document.

Address:

Room 1904, Sida Mansion Block A, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province

- Corrected the construction documents with local codes and standards.

- Worked as director with consulting engineers.

- Worked on LDI.

EDUCATION

- Worked as communicator between designer, engineer, contractor and clients.

August, 2015 Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China Magor in Landscape Architecture, Garden Department Bachelor of Enigeering GPA:3.16/4.00

Shenzhen Huamei Industrial Area Roof Garden Design

August, 2011 Hainan Overseas Chinese Middle School, Haikou, Hainan,China GPA:3.20/4.00

Shenzhen Metro Line 6(Guangming District) Landscape Design

- Coordinated schedules, budgets, and fee summaries for demanding clients.

- Prepared design drawings for presentation to representatives of municipal and district agency clients. ·Produced innovative design solutions for cilient;

-produced digital and hand-drawings and conceptual design masterplan; ·Prepared image studies and presentations document.

SKILLS Software

October, 2016-February, 2018 BLVD ARCHITECTURE CONSULTANT CO., LTD. Project Landscape Designer

Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustrator Adobe InDesign Google Sketchup Auto CAD Lumion Rhinoceros Adobe Premiere Elements Adobe After Effects Adobe Audition

WORKED ON: Fuzhou Gutai Central District Water System Comprehensive Treatment Project -Work under supervision of a project manager or senior-level team member; -Worked on schematic design; -Produced digital and hand-drawings.

Others Handpainting Danceing-KOL

- Developed site plans, layout/grading/planting plans, construction details and cost estimates for project;

Self-Media Has 34000 followers on BillBill

Landguage Native in Chinese, fluent in English

September, 2016-March, 2016 DONGDA LANDSCAPE DESIGN CO., LTD. Junior Landscape Designer WORKED ON: -Assisted project managers on plans, analysis reports, and presentations for municipal projects;

-Participated in drawing production, document preparation and data collection and entry.

CONTENTS

01

RURAL AND

CITY

URBAN DESIGN WITH LANDSCAPE: SHENZHEN URBAN VILLAGE STUDY AND RENOVATION Urban Design, Individual Work

02

SHOPPING WITHOUT SUN EXPOSURE

03

URBANIZATION FOR BRAZILIAN RURAL AREA —SAVE AMAZON FROM BURNING

LIGHT AND

SHADOW

FOREST AND

FIRE

04

Landscape Architecture Design, Individual Work

Landscape Architecture Design, Individual Work

OTHER WORKS WORKS PROJECTS, HANDPAINTING, ETC

01

“ RURAL AND CITY

”

URBAN DESIGN WITH LANDSCAPE: SHENZHEN URBAN VILLAGE STUDY AND RENOVATION In the rapid process of urbanization in China since the end of the 20th century, the original agricultural population homestead was surrounded by the city, forming migrant workers in cities has brought a huge demand for low rent housing.

Driven by the interests of this demand, the indigenous people of urban villages spontaneously expand / add / rebuild, the plot ratio of urban villages is getting higher and higher, and the minimum distance between buildings is less than 1m. In such a living environment, public space is seriously compressed, lack of parking area / leisure space, and the quality of life of residents is sharply reduced.

The purpose of this design is to discuss the possibility of linkage between architecture and public space by using the thinking method of prototype design on the basis of maintaining the plot ratio of existing residence. On this basis, regional planning / building function planning / public space layout are carried out for the whole area.

WHAT IS URBAN VILLAGE ?

URBAN VILLAGE IN SHENZHEN DONGGUAN

MIRS BAY

FUTIAN CENTER

URBAN VILLAGE IN SHANGHAI

Total Population:1300w

Total Population:2153.6w

Total Population:2428.14w

Urban village Population 0.3%

Urban village Population 0.1%

Population Density Ratio:

Population Density Ratio:

Population Density Ratio:

normal urban site

normal urban site

urban village urban build-up area urban village major road administrition boundary

0.67w/km2

Population Structure: peasants 2%

Land Property: 01 2 3

5

10km

1912

THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA ERA Establish The Baoan County

2020

Shenzhen becomes a city without countryside

1990

IAOPING

Shenzhen Stock Exchange, the second stock exchange of new China, was born

Establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

The people's Republic of China was founded on october1st, 1949

2010

01

02

03

04

05

Before 1980, the local population was mainly rural. Each farmer owned his own land and depended on farming and fishing for a living

In 1980, Shenzhen set up a special economic zone. In order to promote the development of urbanization, the government purchased land from farmers and set aside the habitable land (10 × 10 land area per capita) as return.

The peasants settled down on the spot and became the "indigenous people" of the land

In 1990, with the continuous workers expansion of Shenzhen City, a large number of migrant workers poured into the city, and the demand for low-cost rental housing also increased. The aborigines saw business opportunities and began to rent out their houses

With the exponential growth of rental housing demand, the original housing is far from enough to accommodate the population. So the aborigines began to build or rebuild houses

Farmland Fishing Village

Remain Farmland Urban land

Remain Farmland Urban land

Remain Farmland Urban land

After years of random construction without planning, the limited land of villages in the city is almost full of houses, leaving no trace of public space.

With the continuous development of the city, the form of "city surrounding village" has been formed, and the surrounding village is also called "village in city"

Migrant

peasants 26%

Government

2004

Baoan county was abolished and Shenzhen city was established

1949

floating population 74%

Land Property:

Government

Shekou wharf officially opened to the outside world

1979

peasants 37%

Land Property:

1982

GENER ATION OF THE URBAN VILLAGE IN SHENZHEN, CHINA

4.37w/km2

Population Structure:

floating population 63%

Village aborigines

0.38w/km2

urban village

5.3w/km2

Population Structure:

floating population 98%

N

normal urban site

0.13w/km2

urban village

6.48w/km2

LENDEND

HONG KONG SAR

THE MING DYNASTY Establish The Nantou Walled City

URBAN VILLAGE IN BEIJING

Urban village Population 72%

SHENZHEN BAY

DC1572

URBAN VILLAGE IN SHENZHEN

HUIZHOU

SOUTH CHINA SEA

Main road Rural area Urban built area Shenzhen border

— Left over area after rapid urbanization

Urban village Urban land

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

7 100%

8 100%

9 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 90%

6 90%

7 90%

8 90%

9 90%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

8 80%

9 80%

5 80%

6 80%

7 80%

8 80%

9 80%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

6 70%

7 70%

8 70%

9 70%

5 70%

6 70%

7 70%

8 70%

9 70%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 60%

6 60%

7 60%

8 60%

9 60%

5 60%

6 60%

7 60%

8 60%

9 60%

.1% 31

9%

ice labor Serv

00 0-85 400 llege degree or co i n Ju % 41-50 31 26%

3

100%

122% 3 40

Coverage

r bo

Coverage 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

6 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

9 90%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

7 80%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 70%

Coverage 90%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

8 90%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

6 80%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 80%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

9 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

7 90%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 80%

Coverage 70%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

8 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

6 90%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 60%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

7 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 90%

Coverage 90%

ee

37.8% 250 0 40 00 ool and the foll owi h sch Hig ng de gr

SHENZHEN-CITY CENTRE AREA

15 %

% 53

B

1

Income level Education Age groups Occupation type

47% Manu al la

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

6 100%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 80%

to SIT

ers

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 100%

Coverage 70%

I need SUNSHINE

GANG XIA URBAN VILLAGE PLAN

We don't want to stand on the side of the road talking 21-30 32%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 60%

Main road Population:100000 F·A·R:7.3 Average number of floors:9

Secondary main road

FAR=9 FAR=8 FAR=7

We need......

SPORTS GROUND

It’s hard to dry my clothes without sunshine The “handshaking” buildings distance Area covered:162000m2 Gross floor area:525000m2

Give me a place 7.2% und er25 500 00 ve8 abo 1% Master d .9% egre gree e d 13 r e elo h ac ve51 5% 16-2 0 Abo % 13 e-collar w Whit ork 4%

CITY CENTRE AREA-GANG XIA

FAR=6 FAR=5 FAR=9 FAR=8 FAR=7 FAR=6 FAR=5

URBAN CODE STUDY— —PLAN — Prototype study with Coverage & FAR

URBAN CODE STUDY

— “Gang Xia” urban village in Shenzhen, China

URBAN VILLAGE STUDY

Cassia surattensis Burm.

Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Burk. cv. Gouyahua Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr.

Terminalia neotaliala Capuron Iris tectorum Maxim.

Elaeocarpus apiculatus Mast.

Magnolia denudata Pennisetum alopecuroides (L. ) Spreng.

Magnolia grandiflora L Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.

Miscanthus sinensis cv.

Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum (Nuttall) Croom Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.

Lythrum salicaria L. Ficus microcarpa 'Golden Leaves' Bischofia polycarpa

9 20%

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 30%

Coverage 20%

9 30%

8 20%

Coverage 50%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 80%

Coverage 30%

9 40%

8 30%

9 80%

7 80%

5 80%

20m

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 30%

Coverage 40% Coverage 40%

9 50%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 20%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

8 40%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Lythrum salicaria L.

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Miscanthus sinensis cv.

8 50%

7 20%

Iris tectorum Maxim.

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

9 50%

Ficus microcarpa 'Golden Leaves'

7 30%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

7 50%

Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Burk. cv. Gouyahua

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

9 30%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 50%

Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum (Nuttall) Croom

7 40%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

8 30%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Bischofia polycarpa

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

9 20%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

5 30%

Terminalia neotaliala Capuron

7 50%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

8 20%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Cassia surattensis Burm.

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

7 20%

Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.

6 30%

5 30%

9 30%

8 30%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr.

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

7 30%

6 30%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Elaeocarpus apiculatus Mast.

6 40%

5 40%

9 40%

8 40%

7 40%

6 40%

5 30%

Magnolia denudata

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Magnolia grandiflora L

6 50%

5 50%

9 50%

8 50%

7 50%

6 50%

5 50%

5 40%

Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.

DEC NOV OCT SEP AUG JUL JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN Latin name

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 50%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

Coverage 50%

FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity FAR Covergae Population Density Spatial activity

PLANTING DESIGN PROTOTYPE SELECT FOR SPECIFIC SITE & MASTER PLAN

Pennisetum alopecuroides (L. ) Spreng.

20m

FAR=9 FAR=8 FAR=7 FAR=6 FAR=5

FAR=9 FAR=8 FAR=7 FAR=6 FAR=5 FAR=9 FAR=8 FAR=7 FAR=6 FAR=5

URBAN CODE STUDY— —PLAN — Prototype study with Coverage & FAR

URBAN CODE STUDY

LANDSCAPE DESIGN FOR SELECTED PROTOTYPE

ARCHITECTURAL

2. Plant design: The land area in the space is larger, so it has better sponge characteristics and can be selected Plant:

ARCHITECTURAL

FUNCTION

Activity:

FAR=9

FAR=8

1. Space activity layout: The building is inclined to residential function, and the outdoor space is relatively abundant, so the soft activity space of static movement is set up, and enough hard space is reserved to provide more flexible space

COVERAGE: 30%

Plant:

2. Plant design: Because the space is mainly hard and the green space is less, it is necessary to configure plant varieties with strong water absorption.

Activity:

COVERAGE: 30%

COVERAGE: 30%

FAR=5

Activity:

1. Space activity layout: Due to the commercial oriented function, large flow of people and high activity, the public space needs to provide a large number of open hard space for pedestrians to pass and interact, as well as a proper amount of rest space and parking space.

Plant:

ARCHITECTURAL

FUNCTION

1. Space activity layout: This type has the largest area of public space among the selected types, which is suitable for some large and medium-sized community gatherings and other activities. Therefore, a large area of hard square space, enclosed rest seats and parking area are reserved 2. Plant design: Due to the sufficient green space area, the water storage function is good, and the sponge water storage capacity of the site can be increased by combining with water absorbing trees and shrubs

FUNCTION

COVER AGE 30%

FUNCTION

3. Plant design: The green area is relatively large, and the selection of moisture resistant Hibiscus rosa and Elaeocarpus, supplemented by moisture resistant herbs, has both ornamental and sponge function

Activity:

FAR=9

FAR=7

Plant:

ARCHITECTURAL

2. Space activity layout: The main function of the building is to live, and the first floor can be equipped with a small number of retail shops. The public space is sufficient for some assembly activities, so it provides a large hard space

COVERAGE: 50%

Plant:

ARCHITECTURAL

3. Plant design: Because of the small area of green space, only arbors were planted, and the high branching point, good water resistance and good water storage capacity were selected

Activity:

COVERAGE: 50%

COVERAGE: 50%

FAR=5

Activity:

2. Space activity layout: As the main function of the building is retail shops, and the public space is limited, it is mainly traffic space, supplemented by temporary rest seats and parking spaces

Plant:

2. Space activity layout: The function of the building is mainly residential, the first floor is commercial, and the public space is mainly temporary rest and traffic, forming a flexible and diverse outdoor space

3. Plant design: Magnolia is selected as the main tree species, supplemented by water resistant herbaceous shrubs to create a comfortable and natural plant environment

ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTION

FUNCTION

COVER AGE 50%

Plant:

ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTION

COVER AGE 80%

FUNCTION

3. Plant design: due to the limited area of outdoor space, the requirements for greening sponges are relatively high, so the arbors with deep and wide roots and the herbaceous shrubs with water resistance are selected to create a relatively natural and ecological plant atmosphere

Activity:

FAR=9

FAR=7

Plant:

ARCHITECTURAL

2. Space activity layout: The building only provides residential function, so the public space needs a relatively enclosed, private and quiet atmosphere.

Close to both sides of the building is the access road, and the rest space is the centripetal rest seat space

COVERAGE: 80%

COVERAGE: 80%

3. Plant design: There are few photo pairs in this space, so the tree species with shade tolerance and water tolerance are selected

Activity:

COVERAGE: 80%

FAR=5

Activity:

2. Space activity layout: The outdoor space is the internal atrium of the building, which has strong centripetal sense and is mainly used for traffic function. Therefore, hard space is reserved in the center, and temporary rest seats are set on both sides

Plant:

ARCHITECTURAL FUNCTION

2. Space activity layout: The form of public space is long and narrow, which is the passage in the middle of the building. Space is limited. On the basis of ensuring normal traffic function, a small amount of rest and parking space is provided 3. Plant design: The space green area is small, so we can only plant trees. We choose the tree species with tall and straight branches, high branch points and luxuriant roots as the main tree species to ensure the sponge function of the space

Bi

sc

ho

fia

po

lyc

ar

pa

M

ag

no

lia

di

flo

ra

L ia

L.

ia

ise

ar

nn

lic

ar

sa

lic

m

sa

ru

m

th

ru

an

th

gr

Ly

Ly

Pe

m

L.

tu

alo

pe

cu

ro

id

es

(L

.)

Sp

re

ng

.

M

ag

no

lia

gr

an

di M

flo

th

L an

ra isc

us

sin

en

sis

cv

.

M

fia

lia ho

no sc

ag Bi

gr

di

flo

lyc

L po

ra pa

fia ar

ho lyc

sc

an Bi

po

ar

pa

TYPOLOGY STUDY- SHOPPING SPACE Timeline of commercial space shì

市

AND SHADOW ”

diàn

店

Market

fāng

坊

Store

In the earliest period of Chinese feudal society, the fixed place for trading was mainly outdoor space "vendors"

CHINA

02

“ LIGHT

: Why it’s so exposure?

Street

Department store

Compared with the "Market", a large number of indoor spaces store goods, while the outdoor space is simple traffic space

China's streets and alleys have a wide outdoor space, they also set up stalls on the streets

Under the influence of western industrial civilization, the form of "department store" was imitated

But its wide

SHOPPING WITHOUT SUN EXPOSURE

square space was not used,

WHY?

The impact of western industrial civilization on Chinese feudal society

China’s Civilization Stage

0S

10s

5s

Occident’s Civilization Stage

15s

Feudalism

20s Industrialism

The seeds of capitalism

Market

Store

Street

It is the earliest trading place, completely outdoor space

OCCIDENT

Modern science The second industrial revolution

Department store

During this period, the business had its own indoor space, while the outdoor space was only used for traffic function

China's streets and alleys have a wide outdoor space. In addition to the indoor shops, they also set up stalls on the streets

China's streets and alleys have a wide outdoor space. In addition to the indoor shops, they also set up stalls on the streets

East longitude113°46′--114°37′

SHOPPING SPACE IN SHENZHEN Total area

1997.47km²

Urban built-up area 927.96 km²

Shen Zhen’smonthly average temperature & sunshine duration

DEC

OCT

NOV

JUL

SEP

JUN

AUG

APR

MAY

MAR

0 JAN

FEB

Shen Zhen, China

10

20

65-

00

06

12

YINHU MONTAIN PARK TANGLANG MONTAIN PARK

va

rd

Beihuan Boulevar d

u

le

B ei

QIANHAI BAY

N

0 0.5 1

2

3

5 km

In the evening, the light is the softest, and the crowd activity becomes higher in the outdoor space

℃

h

At noon, the angle between the light and the ground is almost vertical, the outdoor temperature is high, and the light is strong, so people avoid outdoor activities

30

15-64

12

0-14

In the morning commuting period, the light is slightly strong, and pedestrians need auxiliary shading tools when walking outdoors

Maximum temperature

Minimum temperature Sunlight duration

Resident population 13.43 million

North latitude22°24′--22°52′

Utilization ratio Site sunshine of similar sites level

This project mainly discusses the problem that the contemporary commercial public space is idle due to the lack of shading function under the basic situation of China. Taking Shenzhen as an example, the project investigates the commercial space in the city, analyzes its shading index and site utilization rate, and selects a representative existing commercial open space for design research and design strategy formulation.

Combined with the theory and practice of landscape urbanism, this project takes the site as a sample to study the solution of shading problems in commercial public space, and carries out the prototype study and design of the universal strategy of such problems.

Industrialism

Feudalism

Bin

SITE NANSHAN PARK

1.0 0.5 0.0

o hua n B

hai Bo u l e v ard

Binhai Boulevard

SHENZHEN BAY

18

24

SITE ANALYSIS-ACTIVITY STUDY

40% DEMAND OF SHADLE

Potential activity demand of the site

Sport Group Active

METHODOLOGY STUDY

SITE ANALYSIS-SUNSHINE&SHADOW STUDY FOR THE SITE Lighting status of the site

Site

24

Method

01

23

Plant 02

22

Ch

T he

20

Inf

hi te

ng

an

co

l la

e rl

- ag

est

y

ed

09

er

:00

10

11

:00

:00

12

:00

ng

ye

Rd

1. The site is almost completely exposed to light

19F

t

Plant’s rating

2. There are no rest facilities in the venue

10%

01 Add plant In the shading mode, plant shading is the main method. The attributes related to shading ability of individual plants are extracted, combined according to certain rules, and placed in the site to obtain different shading effects

r

ng

24F

13

Na

ng

ua

05

19

Rd

The W

Y ou

E ld

dle

04

The

Mi d

03

21

T he T he

ua

15 1 :00 4:00 :00

16

:00

17

:00

19F

18

25% 50%

Plant cluster’s rating 0% 80%

20%

40%

06

SITE

75%

The Co

28.4% White collar 17.9% Resident 53.7% Resident

02 Add activity

r

08

16

Activity

Nanh ai Boule vard

07

m e

17

ns u

Proportion of crowd types in the venue Shadow range Scope of business district Site scope

Site light rate & occupancy

Light rate

Site activity demand

Site occupation status

09

15

1

14

11

13 12

20% DEMAND OF SHADLE STRATEGY

Format

75%

04:00PM

31℃

08:00PM

0

08

12

16

20

— Plants for shade

Miscanthus sinensis cv.

Pennisetum alopecuroides (L. ) Spreng.

Canopy density

Michelia figo （Lour.）Spreng

Leaf size

Cupressus funebris Endl.

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

The trees, shrubs and herbs are arranged and combined according to the shading rate, and are divided into three shading areas, which form a section with the basic terrain

Shade rating 0%-20%

Pittosporum tobira Shrub

Duranta repens cv.Dwarf Yellow Ficus microcarpa 'Golden Leaves' Gardenia jasminoides

Shade rating 20%-40%

Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. Sect. Camphora (Trew) Meissn Dracontomelon duperreanum Pierre Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.

Melaleuca leucadendron L. Magnolia grandiflora L

Elaeocarpus apiculatus Mast.

Spathodea campanulata Beauv.

Bauhinia Linn.

Cassia surattensis Burm.

Terminalia neotaliala Capuron Albizia julibrissin Durazz.

Handroanthus chrysanthus (Jacq.) S.O.Grose Plumeria rubra L. cv. Acutifolia

Arbor

Magnolia denudata Tree shap

24

SECTIONAL DESIGN — Terrain+Planting strategy JAN

Salvia japonica Thunb.

Plant material

29℃ The prototypes with different functions will be arranged into the site according to the current situation of the site shadow to form the final results

Herb

50%

33℃

Ophiopogon jaburan Argenteivittatus

10% 25%

12:00AM

03 Enjoy

60% DEMAND OF SHADLE Latin name

Shade rating

30℃

Sport Group active Rest Converse

10

X-sport

08:00AM

The plant groups with different shading ability were matched with corresponding activity requirements to form a prototype with complete functions

Shade rating 40%-80%

STUDY-ACTIVITY+PLANTING DESIGN+SHADOW Degree of Shade 0%-20%

20%-40%

40%-80%

Plant variety

Activity

Paramaribo

03

“ FOREST AND FIRE

VENEZUELA ——Description of fire phenomenon and its direct cause

BR AZIL AMAZON FOREST ARE BURNING

Lo

COLOMBIA

”

URBANIZATION FOR BRAZILIAN RURAL AREA—SAVE Quito AMAZON FROM BURNING The Amazon forest fire in Brazil has always been a topic of concern in the community. It is well known that there is a direct link between forest fires and deforestation, but the measures taken by the Brazilian government to supervise deforestation have not reduced deforestation. On the other hand, the purpose of deforestation is mostly for agricultural production. Therefore, most media focus on "large global demand for soybeans" and "large demand for beef". They think that as long as the demand for products is reduced, forest fires and deforestation activities can be reduced. This view is obviously one-sided and can not be implemented.

From the perspective of Brazil's social economy, this project deeply explores the hidden but vital relationship between Brazil and forest fires. By studying the subject of felling and the problems of economy and survival, it is found that Brazil's small farmers' backward land production mode and efficiency, as well as their livelihood and class gap, can be used as the breakthrough point to solve the problem. This project takes this as a breakthrough point, starting from the livelihood of local small-scale farmers, to establish a new circular economy connection point between small-scale farmers and abandoned land treatment, and the sustainable use of existing land, so as to improve the livelihood and ecological environment Lima of local District people.

FRENCH SURINAME GUIANA

USA

Macapá

R E V ON R I Z AM A

ECUADOR

Brazil in August 2019, equivalent to the entire area of New Jersey Amazon forest burned, far higher than the average burning area in the same month of previous years

AMAZON FOREST

PERU

18647.9KM = 08/2019 DEFORESTATION AREA 2

Legend Forest area

Other countries border

Amazon river

Brazil border

Agriculture area

Main road

Amazon area

built land N

City location

Number of fires

city

<100/km2

major city

100-300/km2

Capital

300-700/km2

0 50

150

BOLIVIA La Paz

350

km

Go

DIRECT CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES

ocation

BRAZIL

DEFOREST LAND USEING PROPORTION 20% Crops

10% Mining

70% of the deforested woodland is used for grazing

20% is used to grow soybean based crops

The remaining 10% of the forest is destroyed by mining

Nature forest The original Amazon forest, with rich natural resources, has a perfect self-regulation system

Belém

oiânia

70% Grazeing

BRAZIL LAND INFORMATION

São luís

Stp1. Deforest

Teresina

Agricultral 30%

Brazil Land Use Proportion

Fortaleza

First, bulldozers and giant tractors were used to topple trees on the Amazon during the rainy season (November to June)

Potential cultivated land

Ulimited forest 20%

Protect forest 40%

degraed glassland/urban 10%

Not for cultivated land

Cultivated land

Natal João Pessoa Recife Stp2. Fire After the trees have been cut down, the most common way to clean up the site is to set fire to the site. Most of the time, the fire will be out of control, involving the adjacent normal forest, causing a larger range of fire

Aracaju 35% 15%

20% 70%

40%

Salvador

10%

Amazon Plain

Ulimited forest

Coastal Delta altitude

Plateau

Landform proportion section

Protect forest

1000

Agricultral Urban

Deforest activity

Stp3. Use

100%

500

In the end, most of the land is used for agriculture

200

Brasília

40%

59%

1%

0

IMPORT AND EXPORT TRADE IN BRAZIL

AGRICULTURE “MAKES” THE FIRE

—Analysis of the reason why Brazil rely on agriculture Demostic GDP

Product Instruction Population

Export Products

Import Products

Translate Relationship

$2.53b

$2.37b

$20.5b

$5.72b

Coffee bean

$1.81b

ARGENTINA

Demostic GDP

Export total:15.0b Import total:11.2b

Metal

CHILE

Import metal to increase domestic industry

$1.85b

NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

$10.7b $13.2b

$1.04b

Export total:6.43b

The rapid development of heavy industry has changed the structure of the employed population

Beef

Demostic GDP

$1.4b

AMARICAN

Metal

19 80

Vechicles

SPAIN

SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

Machinery Import goods replace local industry

$1.21b

Export account by countries

$1.40b

Demostic GDP

Brazil area

Other countries border

Import country

Import line

Export country

Beef

Export line

above $5b

INDIA

GERMANY

Export total:4.7b

Export total:26.2b Import total:39.1b

Early de industrialization, which makes the employment population rush to the tertiary industry

20 19

Export total:63.4b Import total33.9b

$11.5b

Farming Industry Service

18 80

CHINA

Brazil imports high-tech electronic products from other countries by exporting a large number of agricultural and animal husbandry products

Land efficiency

by countries

$2b-$5b over $2b

Import total:4.71b

12%

=

1.78 iPhone

=

1.2 iPhone

Soyabeans $31.50b

6.8%

others

Meat and Edible $15.30b

1figure=1Ton

above $5b

$2b-$5b

SOUTH KOREA

Export total:1.85b

IDIAN OCEAN

SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN Import account

over $2b

THAILAND

Import total:4.26b

Export total:6.05b Import total:11.3b

12%

1Ha land

1figure=100kg

$4.55b

Electrical $22.09b Machinery $21.30b

12%

others

6.9%

Vehicles $12.24b

Electronical Soybean

DEFORSET AND SMALLHOLDER

Who Is The “Smallholder”?

Labour Whole family 3-5 person Private land Average: 100Ha

Altamira

1970s

Maraba Boa Vista

Brazil warlord

Jacareacanga

Pastos Bons

Estreito

Sma

ld ll h o

er

Agriculture information

30% Crops poultry soybean oil soybean milk feed product

Balsas

a ll h o

lder

Sm all

ho l der

Sao Paulo

Rio de Janeiro

Emigration sites Migration sites&Legal deforest spots Illegal deforest spots Protection land BR-230 (Amazonian Highway) Amazones legal boundary

5 Labour force(per ha)

Method manual labour

Joao Pessoa

Legend 2006

100HA

Land-use System By Smallholder Land-use Expactancy

70%

nature forest slash&burn grazing cattle land degradation crop crop land degradation fallow

Cattle

meat

milk

cattle

feeding cattle Araguatins

Sm

1995

Smallholder’s house

Productivity(perton ha)4

4

3

4

1

1

2

3

4

5

3

2

1

1

2

3

Income(per ha) 400

300

200

100

100

200

300

400

4 head

A

400

300

200

100

100

200

300

400

D

cultivate

The first wave of deforestation started in the 1970s. At that time, the Brazilian military regime discovered the benefits hidden deep in the Amazon. Ore, mineral, food, fiber, forest. But most areas of the mysterious Amazon forest cannot go deep. Therefore, the government began to build a key road BR-230, called "Trans-Amazonian Highway". This road starts from the east coast of Brazil and goes west and deep into the Amazon forest. At the same time, the government provided the people with free agricultural land near the highway and provided funds to promote their development. This series of policies triggered a land grabbing boom and attracted a large number of people who originally lived on the southeast coast in the rainforest. settle down.

The people who migrated to the rainforest during this period are called "primitive settlers" (smallholders). They use households as their production units and human labor as their production methods, and they are scattered in the depths of the Amazon. They followed the road and quickly cleared the forest on the legal private land they owned. Most smallholders cut down the forest, sell the original resources, including timber, wild animals, etc., burn the felled land and turn it into a pasture where cows are raised and beef is sold.

B

legal land

C Cost

The people who migrated to the rainforest during this period were called "smallholder", that is, the "smallholder" that has developed so far. They take the family as the production unit, usually 3-5 people as a family unit, and the production mode is the most primitive human labor force. Their land-use patterns have led them to rely on two kinds of resources for profit. One is the original resources obtained from deforestation, including timber and wild animals. The other is to burn and clean up the felled land and turn it into pasture, where cows are raised and beef is sold. In the later stage, soybean planting is gradually popularized.

But pastures still account for 70% of agricultural land.

Comparing livestock and crop details, cattle require less labor than soybeans, but yield and income per hectare are far more than cattle.

However, due to the backward production mode of smallholders, the service life of each land is less than 5 years. With the advance of the road, they quickly cleaned up the forest on their own legal private land, scattered in the depths of the Amazon, and increased the area of deforestation year by year. At the same time, more and more wasteland was abandoned.

NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

ilegal land

E yr1

Harvest period

1yr

Grazing land

Crop land

Deforest

Wasteland

Forest

2yr

yr2

yr3

yr4

yr5

yr6

yr7

yr8

yr9

yr10 yr11 yr12

SMALLHOLDER ARE IN TROUBLE During this period, the world's demand for meat such as cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, etc. rose rapidly. Soybeans were used as feed for livestock, and their demand increased exponentially.

Because planting soybeans can restore part of the nutrients in the originally lacking nutrients, Smallholders began to transform the original livestock pastures into soybean plantations. At the same time, the cattle originally grazing on the livestock farm were moved to the new forest to continue grazing. At this point, a new vicious circle has been formed: cutting down new forests, selling wood, burning and clearing the ground, moving cattle to the ground for grazing, the pasture soil is poor, switching to planting soybeans, cutting new forests for grazing.

Smallholders have a single use of land, almost pure labor, so their production capacity is weak, resulting in low land production capacity. Therefore, legal private land is far from meeting the needs of soybeans and livestock, and most of the deforestation by smallholders is illegal.

Subsequently, the beef and soybean import company signed agreements with Brazil on "transactions can only be made on existing land, and transactions are not allowed on new land."

During this same period, capitalized industrial-agricultural enterprises emerged. Under the strong government subsidies, these entrepreneurs had more scientific production methods, more efficient production machinery, and more capital to purchase than smallholders. With more land, Brazil temporarily got rid of economic difficulties.

But such "miracle" relies on an extremely unbalanced competitive environment.

In terms of production methods, the proportion of smallholder farmers who rely on manual labor and simple tools exceeds 95%, and only 18% of farmers say they can use tractors, such as building ponds and/or open fire passages. The strengthened forest law and various agreements have pushed smallholders into a dilemma: due to various factors such as education and life, the productivity on private land is low, and the existing land is barren due to the single production structure, forcing Smallholders have to illegally cut forests to find new opportunities for survival. According to a survey, more than one-third of rural communities live for less than 20 years, and men in rural communities are more likely to move to new rural communities. The pressure of capitalized large farms has further exacerbated this problem: land acquisitions have led to population loss and therefore affected the availability of rural community services (such as schools, transportation).

In terms of occupied area and population. Brazil’s agro-industrialists own 800,000 farms, accounting for 75.7% of the country’s agricultural land and 62% of the total agricultural output. Further defining inequality, the top 1.5% of rural landowners account for 53% of all agricultural land. In contrast, Brazil has 4.4 million family farms, accounting for 85% of all agricultural activities in the country. The family farm sector produces 70% of the food consumed in the country, but uses less than 25% of Brazil’s agricultural land.

Therefore, the various measures taken by the government to protect forests, such as increasing the output of agricultural enterprises and strictly supervising protected areas, have increased the cost of living of smallholders and aggravated the illegal deforestation of smallholders who can only rely on agriculture to survive.

Smallholder

Large farmer

Available land: 20Ha Land legally:100Ha

Available land: 200Ha Land legally:1000Ha

3,940,000

60,000

47% 53%

2012

"Farmers can only cut down 20% of their private land."

2003

Added more protected areas the "LULA" DA SILVA government issued a new plan for forest protection. This plan added more protected areas, including indigenous communities and sustainable forests, and allowed some similar Brazil nut picking and rubber picking.

the new government "ROUSSEFF" has strengthened the forest law: "Farmers can only cut down 20% of their private land." Such a decree was issued because of the area deforested in the Amazon, private land accounts for more than 50% of the deforestation.

2016 “Brazil's Soy Moratorium” & “Brazil's Beef Moratorium”

REASON AND STR AGETIES Forest + Animal Husbandry:

PROBLEM SUMMARY

COWS & TREES&CROPS To sum up, if we want to solve the problem of deforestation and fire, and impose restrictions on small-scale farmers to develop new farmland is only a temporary cure, not a permanent cure. And the feasible plan must be combined with the economic status, education status, land use background and other decisive factors. The core of the strategy is to solve the problems of "low yield", "soil degradation" and "single industry". Therefore, the strategy is based on the most basic "mixed agriculture".

Combined with the economic basis of small-scale farmers, it can be divided into three different types of "mixed agriculture": 1. Forest + grass; 2. Forest + animal husbandry + agriculture; 3. Economic crops + animal husbandry + agriculture.

They correspond to different adaptation stages.

by planting some fast-growing trees and shrubs, artificially promote the recovery of soil nutrition. The fast-growing trees can be cut down moderately, and certain income can be obtained by selling timber, and the restored land can be recycled so as to avoid the felling of new forests.

Forestry + animal husbandry + agriculture:

Figure: an approach called “integrated crop, livestock, and forestry.”

After further analysis, it is found that "smallholder's land use mode" is the most fundamental reason for land abandonment and continuous deforestation. Among them, there are three kinds of problems: "low land productivity", "high frequency of unit land use" and "single agricultural products". The basic reasons for these three problems (land abandonment) can not be changed by external forces, such as the farming mode of small farmers (family pure human type), education level, economic level and cultural background. Other factors contributing to the frequent deforestation of new forests by small farmers include the strong competitive relationship between "commercial farmers" and various legal restrictions imposed by the government. Various factors are interrelated and superimposed in complex forms, which makes small farmers have to keep cutting down forests and can not get rid of the current situation of poverty. The gap between the rich and the poor is widening day by day, forming an irreconcilable gap.

the existing pasture suitable for small farmers. Considering the number of labor force, storage mode, transportation capacity, transportation status, cowboy culture and other reasons, trees and crops are intercropped on the basis of maintaining the existing animal husbandry. Although the unit income of crops and animal husbandry is not high, in such intercropping, trees can consolidate soil and water, and trees can be moderately cut down to obtain income; crops can repair the soil barrenness caused by overgrazing, and their residues, straws and weeds can be used as livestock feed; and livestock manure is used as organic fertilizer to maintain crop soil Soil nutrients. On the other hand, crop varieties with complementary soil nutrients were selected by a + B rotation. In conclusion, considering the basic situation of small-scale farmers, this type not only enriches the industrial structure of small-scale farmers, but also maintains soil water and soil, so that the land can be recycled to avoid cutting down new farmland. At the same time, it can bring new income for small-scale farmers and accumulate funds to wait for the next "hybrid agriculture" stage.

Economic crops + animal husbandry + agriculture: economic crops refer to the perennial fruit trees, which play the role of soil and water conservation and circular economy because they are trees. Although the unit income of cash crops is higher than that of animal husbandry and crops, it needs more labor than the latter two, and has higher requirements for storage and transportation. Therefore, this type is not suitable for the small-scale farmers in the poverty-stricken stage. After the second type of operation for a period of time and the funds have accumulated, it can be gradually transformed to this type. The overall idea is to gradually replace the forest with cash crops on the basis of the second type, and finally form a perfect "mixed agriculture" industrial structure after the passage of time.

Through the rotation of the first three types, on the basis of the continuous accumulation of funds, we can improve the service facilities of their communities and strengthen the education of small farmers, so as to help them break away from the vicious cycle of "deforestation for livelihood land degradation and poverty - relocation and felling of new forests", so that they can enter a virtuous cycle of ecological friendly economy.

GEANEOLOGICAL TREE

——About the reason and strategy Activities

Results

Problems

deforest

ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS

Low productivity

90% below high school education

High friquency of land use

faith of family

income<$2500

safety

market distance LOCATION

far

direct cause

aggravate

sanitation

fodder

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

LOCATION

10% agriculture

ECONOMIC trading

fertilizer fodder

fertilizer fodder

crop A

Enhance income

Improve well-being

Narrow the gap between rich and poor

Upgrade

Freezer storage

Freezer vehicle

income

SOCIETY

crop rotation

Serious Social Polarization

import: technology

Enrich structure

crop B

straw

export: agriculture

income

consume preserve soil

preserve

Regional Conflict

restrict

protect

20% industry

invest

70% services

normal temperature vehicle

ECONOMIC

agriculture products

dairy products

beef

cattle

income<$2500

normal temperature storage

CASH CROPS+GRAZING+CROPS cash crops

aggravate

Low friquency of land use

80% LAND

structure

fodder

crop rotation

economic trees

Hgih productivity

close

Upgrade

crop B

straw

Poverty direct cause

advanced machinery

MARKET DISTANCE

fertilizer

Decline the fire

Keep soil rich

consume preserve soil

ECONOMIC PROBLEMS

TECHNOLOGY

Eco-friendly agriculture

soil

agriculture products

crop A

public service

COUNTRY

fertilizer

preserve

20% LAND

INDIGENUOUS

dairy products

beef

wood

translate Infrastructure

FARMING MERCHANT

INTERIOR PROBLEMS

Poor Soil

Singal agriculture products

ENVIRONMENT

TREES+GRAZING+CROPS

Land Discarding

cowboy culture

income

Protect forest soil

crops

culture

normal temperature vehicle

Grazing

Wasteland

direct cause

10% higher education

BACKGROUND SMALLHOLDER

Deforest

Results

Enhance productivity

cattle

18% use tractors to build ponds and cut down forests

education

LAND USE CURRENT SITUATION

Fofrest Fire

95%Handmade workforce technology

wood

EXTERIOR PROBLEMS

abondon

LAND USE

trees

agriculture

crops

burning

land use method

Strategies WASTELAND RESTORATION

trees

Elements

RE-BUILD THE COMMUNITY OFFICE

Illegal Occupation Of Land

SCHOOL

POLICES

Cash crops+Grazing+crops

Secondary forest

Three factors affecting land solution strategy in the site: 1. Around the water 2.Beside the road 3.Distance to the urban district

Wasteland Grazing Trees Crops

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 1

Grazing

There are two types of land use that need to be improved in the site: pasture, which can still be used.

However, due to the single industrial mode, it will inevitably lead to the end of soil degradation.

Therefore, it is necessary to combine three factors to plan the direction of later transformation.

Three factors affecting land solution strategy in the site: 1. Around the water 2.Beside the road 3.Distance to the urban district Wasteland Grazing Trees Crops

Cash crops

Cash crops

Secondary forest

Secondary forest

Around the water

Step 2

Beside the road

Around the water

Wasteland is one of the types of sites that need to be improved in land use. The grassland degradation is caused by overgrazing of the land.

Therefore, three factors should be combined to plan the direction of later transformation.

Beside the road

Trees+Grazing

Trees+Grazing+crops

Step 1

Wasteland

Distance to the urban district

Four land strategies for improving wasteland and existing pastures

——Influenced by different factors

Distance to the urban district

PROTOTYPE STUDY

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

STRATEGIC PLANNING

GRAZING

CURRENT SITUATION

GRASS+TREES

TREES

TREES+GRAZING

TREES+ GRAZING+CROPS

CASH CROPS+ GRAZING+CROPS

ROAD

Step 1

Altamira

WASTELAND

Step 3

Step 2

The core land to be solved in the strategy are "existing wasteland" and "existing pasture", and their change direction can be divided into two categories, including the three types of "mixed agriculture" mentioned above: 1. Forest + grass; 2. Forest + animal husbandry + agriculture; 3. Cash crops + Animal husbandry + agriculture; and the other is to restore forest - "secondary forest". Every piece of "wasteland" and "pasture" will be affected by various factors, which will affect its direction of change.

Step 4

AFTER THE RESTORATION

Step 5

The second type of influencing factor is "road". Whether there is a road passing through the land determines the sequence of site renewal, because the road limits the cost of small farmers to reach the site and transform the site. Therefore, priority should be given to the reconstruction of sites with roads, while the existing land use patterns should be maintained for sites without roads, and renewal should be carried out after the accumulation of funds to a certain extent.

The third category is "urban distance", which represents the distance between land and market. The greater the distance, the greater the transportation cost and maintenance cost. Therefore, three radius ranges are divided: within 50km, 50-100km and beyond 100km. Within 50km is the scope of agricultural development circle, which means that the land within this area will be decided whether to carry out agricultural transformation or reforestation according to the first two types of impacts; while the land beyond 50km is intended to be reforestated, but the difference is that the land within 100km can be gradually artificially intervened because of the small traffic restriction, while the land beyond 100km can be directly abandoned for natural succession To avoid excessive spending.

Step 6

"Altamira", located in the central and eastern part of Brazil, is selected as the demonstration city of the strategy. The city is beside the B203 highway, and the land within a radius of 150 km has been or is used as pasture. Wasteland accounts for 70% of the deforested area, and only a few pastures are put into use. According to the layout strategy of prototype, the transformation sequence of all kinds of land under the time evolution was demonstrated. Finally, the goal of "economic crops + animal husbandry + agriculture" within 50km and returning to forest outside 50km are achieved.

STR ATEGIC SECTIONS Forest

Wasteland

Grazing

Forest

Grazing

Wasteland

Grazing

Wasteland

Grazing River Wasteland

Grazing

Wasteland River

Grazing

Forest

Wasteland

Grazing

Forest

Grazing

Wasteland

Grazing

Wasteland

Grazing River Wasteland

Grazing

Wasteland River Transitional Grazing

Wasteland

Grazing

Urban

XinGu River

Grazing

Wasteland

Transitional Grazing

Wasteland

Transitional Grazing

Wasteland

Transitional Forest

Wasteland

Transitional Forest

Wasteland

Step 1—0yrs

grazing

Step 2—1-3yrs

trees

soil

Forest

Wasteland

Grazing

Forest

Grazing

Wasteland

Grazing

Wasteland

Grazing River Wasteland

Grazing

trees

soil

Wasteland Transitional Grazing

grazing

trees

soil

grazing

soil

Step 3—4-6yrs

trees

soil

Forest

Wasteland

Grazing

Forest

Grazing

Wasteland

grazing

trees

soil

Grazing Transitional Grazing

trees

grazing

soil

grazing

soil

Step 4—7-9yrs

trees

grazing

soil

Forest

Wasteland

Grazing

Forest

Grazing

trees

soil

Transitional Grazing

Step 5—10-15yrs

grazing

soil

Forest

Wasteland

Grazing

Forest

crops

trees

Step 6—16-20yrs

crops

trees

soil

Forest River

grazing trees

River

crops

Transitional Grazing

crops

economic fruit transition

soil

grazing

soil

soil

economic fruit crops transition

soil

grazing economic fruit crops transition

soil

soil

Wasteland

economic fruit transition

crops

soil

economic fruit transition

Urban

economic fruit crops transition

economic fruit transition

economic fruit

crops

soil

grazing

Urban

soil

Secondary Forest

grazing

economic crops fruit

crops

XinGu River

soil

Mix Agriculture grazing

XinGu River

grazing

soil

River

Urban

economic fruit transition

crops

soil

grazing

economic fruit crops transition

crops

soil

grazing

trees

soil

grazing

economic fruit transition

soil

grazing

Mix Agriculture

grazing

XinGu River

trees

Grazing

grazing crops

soil

River

soil

crops

soil

soil

Mix Agriculture grazing

crops

economic fruit crops transition

trees

grazing

trees

Urban

grazing

Grazing

grazing crops

soil

economic fruit crops transition

Forest River

grazing

trees

Transitional Agriculture grazing

soil

Mix Agriculture

grazing

crops

soil

crops

soil

Grazing Transitional Agriculture

trees

soil

Transitional Agriculture grazing

trees

grazing

crops

soil

Transitional Agriculture

River

grazing trees

trees

XinGu River

soil

TransitionalRiver Transitional Grazing Grazing grazing

trees

Urban

trees

economic fruit

soil

XinGu River

LABOR & PRODUCION EQUIPMENT 1-3 labour

PLANT STRATEGIY —Considering the economic basis and labor capacity of smallholder

In the form of section, the above figure shows the changes of vegetation and soil in different time stages of Altamira.

The next step is to select plants.

Among them, storage, transportation and labor can be related to the price of machinery. The factors related to soil in agricultural products include: the ability to consolidate soil and water, the ability to interact with nutrients between crops, and the categories of crops that can be recycled. On the other hand, the economic level of small farmers can be divided into three stages: poverty, middle-income and well-off society. Comprehensive consideration can be made to select the crop types in accordance with the different economic stages of small-scale farmers.

The selection of plants is based on the superposition of the attributes of agricultural products and the economic conditions of small farmers. The factors related to the bearing capacity of small-scale peasant economy in agricultural products are: income cycle, labor quantity, profit value, storage mode, storage space and transportation mode.

Farming product type

Harvesting cycle

Storage space

Storage method

Transportation Labor force method

4-7 labour

8 labour

small

Storage method

medium

large

normal temperature

refrigerate

transportation method freeze

normal temperature

refrigerate

freeze

PRODUCE Beef

Cattle

Milk

Milk powder

Soybean

Cron

Sugar cane

Cocoa bean

Coffee bean

Banana

Orange

Palm oil

Wood

30 months

30 months

Miking period 10 months

1 months

12 months

12 months

4 months

4 months

12 months

Constantly harvest

12 months

36 months

36 months

$595

$595

$120

$110

$358.89

$150

$224

$9820

$13210

$2560

$15660

$7957.5

$616.90

income (per ha)

Milk

Harvest period

Milk powder

Cow

Storage place

Labor force

Beef Cattle

Icome (per ha)

Soybean Crops

Cron Sugar cane Coffee Banana

Cash crops

Palm oil Orange Cocoa

Suitable economic base Income

Poverty

Normal

Prosperous

High

Medium

Low

Phosphor

Azote

Potassium

Azote Phosphor Azote

Phosphor

Azote Phosphor

Yr 2-3 market

labour force

Yr 4-5 market

small holder

1X

milk powder

Yr 6-7 market

small holder

labour force 3X

milk powder

Yr 8-9 market

small holder

labour force 3X

labour force

Yr 10-11 market

small holder

3X

labour force

small holder

Yr 12-13 market

labour force

3X

Yr 14-16 market

small holder

3X

Yr 17-19 market

small holder

labour force 5X

labour force

Yr 20-21 market

small holder

labour force

8X

market

small holder

labour force

8X

market

small holder

8X

Yr 1 milk processing factory

medium storage milk

milk

milk

wood soybean

processing factory medium storage corn milk

soybean

corn

milk

wood

cold storage

processing factory medium storage corn milk

wood

corn

milk

soybean

cold storage

big storage milk wood soybean orange

milk

cold storage

big storage milk orange soybean

wood orange soybean

milk

big storage milk corn

corn orange

milk

orange corn

wood soybean

milk

soybean

milk

corn

wood

road

wood

road

cattle

road

road

road

milk

milk processing factory

medium storage wood soybean

soybean wood

milk

milk processing factory

medium storage wood milk

road

currently road

milk

milk processing factory small storage milk

road

milk processing factory small storage

road

milk

small storage

milk

<25km

cattle

cattle soybean wood

cattle

25-50km

cattle

>50km

cattle

cattle

wood

soybean

milk

corn

milk

wood

corn

milk

soybean

corn

orange

04

PROJECTS 02 Shenzhen Media Group CBD Landscape Design Rate of progress: Be under construction

OTHER WORKS

Location: Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China Site Area: 7000m2

PROJECTS 01 Shenzhen Metro Line 6(Guangming District) Landscape Design

RENDERRING

Rate of progress: Completed and open to the outside world Location: Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China

The project is the outdoor landscape of high-grade office building. The design scope of the project includes the landscape space design of outdoor space outside the building, patio garden on the sixth floor and roof garden on the top floor. 80% of the land area is covered by buildings, and the site elevation is 1 meter lower than the municipal road. I was appointed as the main designer and project leader of the project, to analyze the existing problems of the site and the needs of Party A, and provide solutions, responsible for the overall project promotion and control of the design effect.

Site Area: 9000m2

The project is one of the design nodes of municipal road landscape. The site itself has the characteristics of height difference with identification degree, which is also the difficulty of design. I provide a solution for the node, and responsible for the formation of drawing expression and text concept

RENDERRING

CONSTRUCTING

CONSTRUCTED

RENDERRING

RENDERRING CONSTRUCTED

ISLAND PLANNING IN THE GAME（ANIMAL CROSSING）

HANDPAINTING

CONSTRUCTING

TEL: +86-18681591347 E-mail: akumahate@gmail.com Room 1904, Sida Mansion Block A, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province