Kilns _An Ecosystemic Housing Concept for Dhaka's Urban Periphery

Kilns Ecosystems for overflow Project booklet

Loek Hendriks Alex Kirschstein

Kilns Ecosystems for overflow

01 Introduction

This booklet contains all works resulting from a collaborative effort between Loek Hendriks and Alex Kirschstein for the Global Housing Studio Dhaka, a MSc2 design studio part of the TU Delft Architecture curriculum in 2020/2021.

Hereby we would like to express our gratitude towards our tutors in Delft being Dick van Gameren and Rohan Varma (TU Delft), as well as our tutors in Dhaka Marina Tabbasum and Kazi Ashraf (Bengal Institute)

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Kilns Ecosystems for overflow

02 Content

Situation narrative

4

Location plan

5

Design hypothesis

6

Waterlandscape

8

Barge housing

15

Water system

16

Housing commons

21

Housing footprint

22

Housing form

23

Housing types

28

Housing circulation

30

Typical footplan

33

Materiality

34

Elevation and section

35

Incremental growth

37

Impressions

47

Ecosystems of overflow

49

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Situation narrative Bangladesh, a country under pressure

Issue Migration

Migration Geopolitical Migration Geopolitical

Migration Climate

Migration of people affected by geopolitics in the north and south of Bangladesh through the

Migration Economic Migration of people looking for better economic opportunities in urban centres.

Migration Climate Migration of people that are forced to move because of climate change (e.g. rising sea levels, salinization, pollution and the overflowing of rivers).

Migration Health

Migration Health Migration Climate

Migration Economic

Migration of people that are in need of healthcare that is often only offered in larger urban centres.

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Location plan An area threatened by urbanisation

Issue Urbanization

01 Illegal landfilling

02 Lacking infrastructure

03 Polluting brick kilns

04 Decrease of nature

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Design hypothesis Buffer for migration and urbanization pressure

Decreasing biodiversity

Climate migration

Economic migration Biopolitical migration

Healthcare migration

Illegal landfilling

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Design hypothesis Buffer for migration and urbanization pressure

Incremental growth

Kiln community

Ecoystem in flux

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Waterlandscape Strategy

Strategy Aims

01 High-density spine

02 Link infrastructure

03 Low-density ring

04 Expand waterbodies

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Waterlandscape Strategy

Strategy Aims

01 High-density spine

02 Link infrastructure

03 Low-density ring

04 Expand waterbodies

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Waterlandscape Strategy

Strategy Aims

01 High-density spine

02 Link infrastructure

03 Low-density ring

04 Expand waterbodies

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Waterlandscape Strategy

Strategy Aims

01 High-density spine

02 Link infrastructure

03 Low-density ring

04 Expand waterbodies

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Waterlandscape Strategy

Strategy Aims

01 High-density spine

02 Link infrastructure

03 Low-density ring

04 Expand waterbodies

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Waterlandscape Local implementation

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Waterlandscape Implementation on site

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Ecosystem Barge housing

Barge housing Elevation

Barge housing Perspective

Barge housing Typical floor plan

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Ecosystem Watersystem

System Basins

01 Collection pond In this pond, all waste water streams are collected and mixed with fresh water that has gone through a process

02 Stabilization pond Stabilization ponds in series reduce organic matter in the water and remove pathogens.

03 Integrated wetlands Integrated wetlands reduce organic matter and remove nutrients.

Also floating agriculture takes place here.

04 Fresh water basin

Collection pond

The water is collected and partly used for 05 Drinking water basin After desinfection, the drinking water can be collected on the kiln.

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Ecosystem Watersystem

System Basins

01 Collection pond In this pond, all waste water streams are collected and mixed with fresh water that has gone through a process

02 Stabilization pond Stabilization ponds in series reduce organic matter in the water and remove pathogens.

03 Integrated wetlands Integrated wetlands reduce organic matter and remove nutrients.

Also floating agriculture takes place here.

Stabilization pond

04 Fresh water basin The water is collected and partly used for 05 Drinking water basin After desinfection, the drinking water can be collected on the kiln.

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Ecosystem Watersystem

System Basins

01 Collection pond In this pond, all waste water streams are collected and mixed with fresh water that has gone through a process

02 Stabilization pond Stabilization ponds in series reduce organic matter in the water and remove pathogens.

03 Integrated wetlands

Integrated wetlands

Integrated wetlands reduce organic matter and remove nutrients.

Also floating agriculture takes place here.

04 Fresh water basin The water is collected and partly used for 05 Drinking water basin After desinfection, the drinking water can be collected on the kiln.

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Ecosystem Watersystem

System Basins

01 Collection pond In this pond, all waste water streams are collected and mixed with fresh water that has gone through a process

02 Stabilization pond Stabilization ponds in series reduce organic matter in the water and remove pathogens.

Leisure Floating agriculture

03 Integrated wetlands

Fresh water basin

Integrated wetlands reduce organic matter and remove nutrients.

Also floating agriculture takes place here.

04 Fresh water basin The water is collected and partly used for 05 Drinking water basin After desinfection, the drinking water can be collected on the kiln.

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Ecosystem Watersystem

System Basins

01 Collection pond In this pond, all waste water streams are collected and mixed with fresh water that has gone through a process

02 Stabilization pond Stabilization ponds in series reduce organic matter in the water and remove pathogens.

03 Integrated wetlands

Drinking water basin

Integrated wetlands reduce organic matter and remove nutrients.

Also floating agriculture takes place here.

04 Fresh water basin The water is collected and partly used for 05 Drinking water basin After desinfection, the drinking water can be collected on the kiln.

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Kiln Housing commons

Housing Commons

Public facilities 1 Floor

01 Bazar One floor of commercial spaces that house small and medium enterprises, mostly focused on local activities like floating

02 Public facilities

Bazar 1 Floor

One floor of spaces used for a large range of public facilities required for the ecosystem to function properly.

Functionalities include (administration) offices, healthcare services and educational spaces

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Kiln Housing footprint

Housing Footprint Incremental housing 3 Floors maximum

01 Planned housing The kiln houses three floors of planned housing, which can be divided over dorm typologies and

02 Incremental housing

Planned housing 3 Floors

Barge housing 3 Floors

Besides the planned housing, the kiln also allows for an additional three floors that can be built incrementally, according to the needs and wishes of people within the ecosystem.

03 Barge housing Large floating barges surrounding the kiln provide with three floors for additional housing possibilities in a dormstyle manner.

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Kiln Housing form

Housing Form

01 Dorms Size: 14m2 (excluding shared facilities and shared external spaces) Total amount: 64 Period: Short-stay Target group: Lowand middle-income individuals and couples in need of housing 02 Apartments Size: 20-33m2 (excluding shared external spaces) Total amount: 120 Period: Short- to medium-long stay Target group: Low-and middle-income couples and families in need of housing 03 Incremental housing Development Total Housing Amount of dwellings including 36 units per barge: 400 dwellings per kiln ecosystem (including 6 barges)

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Kiln Housing form

Housing Form

01 Dorms Size: 14m2 (excluding shared facilities and shared external spaces) Total amount: 64 Period: Short-stay Target group: Lowand middle-income individuals and couples in need of housing 02 Apartments Size: 20-33m2 (excluding shared external spaces) Total amount: 120 Period: Short- to medium-long stay Target group: Low-and middle-income couples and families in need of housing 03 Incremental housing Development Total Housing Amount of dwellings including 36 units per barge: 400 dwellings per kiln ecosystem (including 6 barges)

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Kiln Housing form

Housing Form

01 Dorms Size: 14m2 (excluding shared facilities and shared external spaces) Total amount: 64 Period: Short-stay Target group: Lowand middle-income individuals and couples in need of housing 02 Apartments Size: 20-33m2 (excluding shared external spaces) Total amount: 120 Period: Short- to medium-long stay Target group: Low-and middle-income couples and families in need of housing 03 Incremental housing Development Total Housing Amount of dwellings including 36 units per barge: 400 dwellings per kiln ecosystem (including 6 barges)

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Kiln Housing form

Housing Form

01 Dorms Size: 14m2 (excluding shared facilities and shared external spaces) Total amount: 64 Period: Short-stay Target group: Lowand middle-income individuals and couples in need of housing Incremental housing

02 Apartments Size: 20-33m2 (excluding shared external spaces) Total amount: 120 Period: Short- to medium-long stay Target group: Low-and middle-income couples and families in need of housing 03 Incremental housing Development Total Housing Amount of dwellings including 36 units per barge: 400 dwellings per kiln ecosystem (including 6 barges)

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Kiln Housing form

Housing Form

01 Dorms Size: 14m2 (excluding shared facilities and shared external spaces) Total amount: 64 Period: Short-stay Target group: Lowand middle-income individuals and couples in need of housing 02 Apartments Size: 20-33m2 (excluding shared external spaces) Total amount: 120 Period: Short- to medium-long stay Target group: Low-and middle-income couples and families in need of housing Typical block

03 Incremental housing Development Total Housing Amount of dwellings including 36 units per barge: 400 dwellings per kiln ecosystem (including 6 barges)

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Kiln Housing types

Apartment Typologies

Apartment 2 Person (20m2)

9x

Apartment 4 Person (27m2)

12x

Apartment 6 Person (33m2)

9x

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Kiln Housing types

Dorm Typologies

Dorm 1 Person (14m2)

10x Dorm 2 Person (14m2)

6x Facilities Shared (6-13m2)

2x

2x

2x

1x

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Kiln Housing circulation

Dorm axis

Main axis

Circulation Vertical

Main Vertical axis (2x) The main vertical axis is located on the building’s short sides, consisting of two elevators and one stairway.

Dorm Axis (4x) The secondary vertical axis is located within the dorm block, consisting of one stairway used to circulate vertically within the dorm block.

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Kiln Housing circulation

Circulation Horizontal Main axis

Main axis

Main Horizontal axis (1x) The main horizontal axis consist of a steel grid structure that expands from the original brick kiln up to the highest floor of the building.

This horizontal grid is connected to the different vertical axes and therefore provides access to every location within the building.

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Kiln Housing circulation

Circulation Air

Ventilation Building Through the design of the floor plans, wind can blow directly through the building, therewith creating (cross) ventilation deep within the building.

Ventilation Dwelling The designed space between the ceiling of the dwelling and construction of the building allows for natural ventilation above the dwelling. Together with low positioned grills and ceiling openings within the dwelling this creates a natural draft through the space.

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Kiln Typical floorplan

Floor plan Dwellings Apartment 2 Person

Apartment 4 Person

Apartment 6 Person

Dorm 1 & 2 Person

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Ecosystem Materiality

Materiality External

Materiality Internal

Material Corrugated steel Function: Waterproofing Origin: Reused

Material Steel beams Function: Loadbearing Origin: Reused

Material Bamboo mesh Function: Ventilation

Material Prefabricated concrete slabs Function: Flooring

Material Bamboo shingles Function: Waterproofing and facade cladding

Material Compressed earth brick (CEB) Function: Loadbearing

Material Laminated bamboo Function: Loadbearing beams and flooring

Material Original red bricks Function: Waterbasin Origin: Local

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Ecosystem Elevation and section

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Ecosystem Elevation and section

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Incremental growth

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Ecosystem Impressions

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Ecosystem Impressions

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Kiln Ecosystem for overflow

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