Mahesana's Road Network Development

SPRING 2022 Master of Urban Transport Systems FP l CEPT University

ROAD NETWORK DEVELOPMENT

MAHESANA, Gujarat| Portfolio PUT21079

Acknowledgment I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our Tutors, Dr. Shalini Sinha & Dr. Nitika Bhakuni for guiding us through the entire process of learning and perception of the subject. I would like to thank our Teaching Associate, Ms. Reshma Mathew, for her constant support and guidance at every stage of A Network of Pedestrian and NMT-Friendly Roads

learning I'd like to take this opportunity to thank Dr. shivanand Swamy for his assistance in helping us comprehend the idea of public transport and its application in a city.

I'd also want to thank my classmates for the ongoing debates that help us learn.

I'd want to express my gratitude to my family and friends for their unwavering support during the course of my studies.

From past to present and into the future…

About Studio

About Studio The portfolio showcases studio work performed during the second semester of my Master's degree in urban transport systems. The studio provided an in-depth understanding of the strategic Mobility Plan and its execution process. It began with mobility plans from other cities and throughout the world to understand the process of preparation, its relationship with other plans, and the institutional structure, as well as to study potential suggestions based on the city's existing state. The Industrial city Mahesana was chosen as the study area. To better comprehend the city's current status in terms of land use, transportation, and socioeconomic elements, data was gathered from primary and secondary sources. It was further investigated to identify the city's existing and future issues. Three scenarios with a 20-year view were built based on the findings of the previous research. The vision's goals were established to improve the city's whole transportation system. Then, for one of the development scenarios, I looked at the current state of one transportation system component: Road Network Development.

Alternatives were simplified and presented to fulfil Mahesana's future needs after assessing the current travel need. The three choices presented, are analyzed and examined to choose the best approach for Mahesana 2042.

We as a group of six; Me, Saayinath, Rohit, Nivedhitha, Mahima, Vishnu came up with a Vision along with set of objectives.

Table Of Content 1. Introducing Mahesana 1.1 Mahesana delineating the character of Industrial City 1.2 Horizon Period and Study Area Delineation

2. Growth Trends of Mahesana 2.1 Comparison Of Spatial Growth & Economy

3. Mobility In Mahesana 3.1 Travel Characteristics 3.2 Existing Transport System & Key Issues 3.3 Existing Situation Analysis of Road Network 3.4 Identification Pedestrian / NMT Issues 3.5 Comparing Speeds & Encroachment 3.6 Accident Analysis

Vision “A safe and efficient transportation system integrated with well-planned PT network to facilitate mobility and accessibility for people and goods.”

4. Mahesana 2042 4.1 Proposed Road Network

4.2 Upgradation of Existing Network 4.3 Sections for Growth Centres 4.4 Effects of Proposals on Existing Network

Limitations: • • •

Due to COVID-19 constraints, obtaining the whole sample size was challenging; thus, secondary sources were employed for analysis.

Data from 2017 was also utilized for the HH survey after it has been expanded for the current year due to COVID-19 constraints.

In this study, the influence of COVID-19 was not assessed, and the base year was set at 2022.

4.5 Connectivity Across Physical Barriers

5. Execution 5.1 Implementation Strategies 5.2 Costing 5.3 Funding Agencies 5.4 Conclusion

01

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Introducing Mahesana

1. Introducing Mahesana

1.1 Mahesana delineating the character of Industrial City

1.2 Horizon Period and Study Area Delineation Image 1.1: Evolution of Municipal Boundary

Mahesana district is in the state of Gujarat in western India. NH-8 passes through the Mehsana district which connects Delhi to Mumbai corridor.

The district is connected with Ahmedabad (74 Km). Gandhinagar (58 Km) through roadways & It is further connected to Kandala Port via a rail network.

Map 1.1: Regional Connectivity Pallanpur

Mahesana

Municipality covers 26% of the study area.

Influence of Institutional & commercial was seen

Municipality + OG (2001) Area: 12.5 sq. km

20 Years

Horizon Period 2022-2042

Gandhi Nagar Ahmedabad

Mahesana District

Map 1.2: Land use of Study Area

Municipality + Nagalpur +OG (2005)

Municipal Boundary (2011) Area: 31.45 sq. km

Population density and economic centers are mostly concentrated within the municipality boundary.

However, the travel demand on the major corridors connecting Mahesana to other regions outside the study area will be analyzed using external points.

Gujarat

Agricultural Residential

Mahesana (Study Area)

Commercial Industrial Water Bodies Institutional

Mahesana is the district headquarters as well as a prominent economic and trading center in North Gujarat. Mahesana is served by the SH 41, which links Ahmedabad to Palanpur, SH 56, which is being built as a High-Speed Freight Corridor.

Mixed Use Vacant Land Transport

95

118 Sq.km Study Area

3,22,869 Population

Agricultural & Residential Mono-Centric City Structure Predominant Economy Land use

Total Tazes

1483

Total Household Surveyed

2.3%

Sample Size

The data that was collected through the HH survey in 2017 was also added to the sample size.

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Growth Trends of Mahesana

2. Growth Trends of Mahesana

2.1 Concept Plan

2.2 Comparison Of Spatial Growth & Economy

City-level zoning was done to understand the built use, road network & growth pattern of Mahesana. Major Industrial sprawl was observed in the South-West direction of the city.

Map 2.1: Major Industrial Zones of Mahesana

Ahmedabad Palanpura Rd Major Incoming Route

Spatial growth of more than 100% by 2042 is expected, where Mahesana has a lot of potentials to grow economically. Future growth is defined by the location of nearby industries.

Map 2.2: Spatial Growth of Mahesana (2042)

Patan Highway (Kandla Port) Major Outgoing Route

Why South West

Hence

Presence of economic centres such as GIDC Mahesana and Dediyasan is drawing investments from other Industries in the surrounding area.

Automobile and road construction equipment sectors are expanding rapidly. Also, educational institutes are rapidly expanding, with the potential to expand further in the future.

By 2042, the city is expected to follow compact development within the study area toward the Southwest in the recognized promising locations.

Due to the existence of industrial centers, commercial hubs, and retail offices, Mahesana will flourish as a business area.

Major reasons for growth

2021/ 2042 Parameter

3,22,869 / 4,92,115 Population

1,19,193 / 1,83,764 Employment

Industries • Road Manufacturing • Automobile Commercial • Big Cap Stores • Water Parks Institutions

02

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Mobility In Mahesana

3. Mobility In Mahesana

Source: HH Survey Data. Saayinath & Manisha 3.1 Travel Characteristics

Population

3,22,869

Total Samples

1483

Avg HH Size

4.9

Avg Trip Rate

1.6

Motoritrip rate

1.2

Avg Trip Length

3.7km

3.3 Existing Situation Analysis of Road Network

Trip Purpose

Mahesana has developed into an irregular circular ring around industrial regions. Street network has shape of a ring-radial network, consisting of three rings & seven radials, five in west and two in east.

Map 3.1: Existing Road Network (2022)

257 Km

Total Network

34%

Home Business Shop/Market Social Medical/ealth Transfer/Other modes of Travel

% of HigherOrder Roads

Work School/Education Recreation Religion Serve Passenger Other

9 km/sq.km Road Density

It is observed that the overall trip rate of the city is 1.6 and motorized to be 1.2.

Mahesana has the second-highest mode share for walking, where 85% of the trips are either work or educational trips.

3.2 Existing Transport System & Key Issues Various components of the transportation system were examined using secondary and primary sources. It is discussed briefly, highlighting the main issues as well as the components. The presentation will go into further depth on the road network.

Identification of Issues at Network (Micro) Road Network Development

Public Transport

Intermediate Public Transport

Speed and Delay

NMT (Non-Motorised Transport)

Safety

Parking

Inadequate road network

Bottlenecks

Encroachment

Physical barriers

Various components of the network were examined through primary and secondary surveys.

Every issue is over-linked with the other in Mahesana.

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Mobility In Mahesana

3.4 Identification Pedestrian / NMT Issues

Condition of footpaths in arterial roads

Condition of footpaths in collector roads

Encroachment of vehicles on footpaths

Encroachment & lack of maintenance on footpaths

03

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Mobility In Mahesana

3.5 Comparing Speeds & Encroachment

3.6 Accident Analysis Source: Mahesana Police Station , Rohit Kumar

Map 3.2: Speeds

Map 3.4: Accidents

Accidents & Fatalities Due to Heavy Vehicles

% of Encroachment

45%

86%

Fatal Accidents

9%

80

5%

Affected Modes in Accidents

60 50

49

47

49

40 26

30

Source: Bar Graph, Saayinath.

7

4

10

Freight

13

0

18

15

20

Pedestrian

16

Cycle

in roads sections with carriageway encroachments, increasing average time

71

70

88

86

2W

City Center

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

3W

Footpath

1-10km/hr

Responsible by Heavy Vehicles

NMT Accidents

Accidents & Fatalities Due to Heavy Vehicles

Carriageway

Avg. Speeds

33%

44%

4W

Shoulder

No. of Accidents

Map 3.3: Encroachment

7

5

2W

3W

18 6 6

4W

Heavy Vehicle

Sum of No of accidents

Nill

Other

Sum of Dead

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Mahesana 2042

4. Mahesana 2042

4.1 Proposed Road Network

4.2 Upgradation of Existing Network

Mahesana has an incomplete ring radial Pattern taking into consideration arterial roads are proposed. One new complete ring is proposed to cater to the regional through traffic from the city. Existing bypass was extended to connect the potential growth centers.

As the road inventory survey was done, we did a detailed analysis of existing issues in the road network. Changes in existing carriageway, infrastructure & functionality of roads was done along with the new roads proposed. The identified network is shown in the map below.

Map 4.1: Proposed Network Pattern for Potential Areas

Map 4.2: Type of Proposed Roads

Ring Radial Pattern

Existing- 63% Upgraded – 9% New Roads- 28%

Proposed Network pattern

4 Rings 11 Radials

% of Roads

New network consists

Principals for Proposals Principle 2:

Principle 3:

26 78 175

Pedestrian Access

NMT Access

Footpath access for all the L1, L2, L3 roads

Segregated Cycle lane for the major L1, L2 roads

PT Access

Segregated PT lane for the major L1, L2 roads

Existing Network Upgraded roads

New Roads (Proposed)

Length (km)

Principle 1:

New Road Length

Total Lengths 279 km

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

27

31

21

Arterial

Sub Arterial

Collector

Type of Roads

04

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Mahesana 2042

4.3 Sections for Growth Centres - Major Rings

The concept for developing the road sections is

“To showcase the equity on streets by providing an equitable distribution of space for different road users”.

42m Arterial Road (R1) Used for Intra and Inter-Urban Areas Transit Ready Streets (TRS)

42m Proposed Road

6.5m

10.5m 3m

Carriageway

10.5m

Carriageway

Footpath

2m

6.5m 3m

Carriageway

Median

Carriageway

Footpath

Proposals: • Adding one lane on either side for the freight movement.

(Phase 1) • Service lane on either side along with a segregated PT Lane (Peak hours) • 3m Footpath on either side along with 4.5m height Street lights with pole

30m Arterial Road (R2) Urban areas with mixed-use Transit Ready Streets (TRS)

Proposals: • Four-lane road along with the segregated PT lane (Phase 1)

30m Upgraded Road

•

3m Footpath

2m

3.5m

6m

Segregated Cycle Lane

Segregated PT Lane

Carriageway

6m 1m Median

Carriageway

3.5m

2m

Segregated PT Lane

Segregated Cycle Lane

3m Footpath

3m footpath on either side along with 4.5m height Street lights with pole

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Mahesana 2042

4.3 Sections for Growth Centres - Major Radials

The concept for developing the road sections is

“To showcase the equity on streets by providing an equitable distribution of space for different road users”.

30m Arterial Road Used for Intra and Inter-Urban Areas Modera Rd 30m

30m

Existing Road

Proposed Road

Proposals: • Segregated PT and NMT Lane (Peak hours) • 3m Footpath on either side along with 4.5m height Street lights with pole

2m

26m 2m

2m

Carriageway

Footpath

3m

Footpath

24m Sub-Arterial Road

2m Footpath

6m

6m 1m

PT Lane

Carriage way Median

3.5m

Carriage way

2m

3m PT Lane Cycle Lane Footpath

24m Proposed Road

Case in a commercial street Transit Ready Streets (TRS)

3m

Footpath

Cycle Lane

3.5m

• Dedicated fourlane road

Segregated Cycle Lane

3.5m Segregated PT Lane

3m Carriageway

1m Median

3m

3.5m

2m

Carriageway

Segregated PT Lane

Segregated Cycle Lane

3m Footpath

This is a typical ROW of a radial street, which connects the major rings in Mahesana.

05

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Mahesana 2042

4.4 Effects of Proposals on Existing Network

4.5 Connectivity Across Physical Barriers

The Predominant land use across L1 & L2 roads inside the city is institutional, residential, commercial and religious, through traffic is diverted & main focus is given on PT, Pedestrians & NMT movement in the city centre

New ROB’s are proposed to connect the east and west part of the city for easing the movement of traffic. The major roads & developed areas have a total of 12 ROBs and 5 Culvers, providing connectivity & reduce trip lengths.

Map 4.3: Proposed Road Network - 2042

Map 4.4: New Permissible Points on Network

People-Oriented network:

Diverting - Through Traffic: External through traffic movement is channelized.

So, road space is better utilized in city center for Internal movement

Continuity in road hierarchy helps users have inter and intra level connectivity Street Density (Km/ Sq.Km) Old Network 6 9

Municipal

Developed

New Network 9 13

Existing Railway Over Bridges (5)

Existing Culverts (2)

Proposed Railway Over Bridges (7)

Proposed New Culverts (3)

Enhances road connectivity across Intra/Intercity Area Under Roads (Sq.Km) Old Network 1.6 0.8 0.7

Arterial Sub-Arterial Collector

New Network 3.5 2.5 1.3

S 2022 l Strategic Transport Plan l Studio l Mahesana, Gujarat.

Execution

5. Execution

5.1 Implementation Strategies

Phase 1: Major Ring of potential centre. Starting with all the major Radials which connect the rings and used for intra-city movement.

Phase 2: Existing road up-gradation in terms of

footpaths, light poles, encroachment. Completion of Major Radial of potential centre.

S.No

5.2 Costing

5.3 Funding Agencies

Phase Wise Costing

The following Institutes will be responsible for developing road infrastructure in Mahesana

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Total (Cr)

1

Intervention New Roads (Carriageway)

350

193

190

733

2

Upgraded Roads

20

10

10

40

3

ROB's

61.2

45.9

107.1

4

Culverts

9.33

18.66

27.99

Grand Total

441

268

200

National Highways Authority of India

Roads and Buildings Department

908

Phase 3: Major collectors of around potential centers and completing outermost ring road connecting NH towards north direction.

Conclusion

49%

Phase 1 Immediate

29%

Phase 2 Short-term

22%

Phase 3 Mid Term

Mahesana Municipality

Mahesana is emerging as an Industrial District and Institutional centre, which will enhance the city's travel demand in the future. As Mahesana's economy is expanding rapidly in the tertiary sector, there is a high possibility that the city's private vehicle ownership will rise. To move these consumers to public transportation and greener modes like NMT, an effective system is necessary. An effective transportation system combines all transportation system components, from last-mile connection to reliable public

transportation to move people quickly and on schedule. The Strategic Mobility Plan 2042 focuses on increasing the modal share of PT users from 2% to 22% by 2042. To accomplish this, a solid road network for PT will be required to connect the growth centres, as well as a good road network with sufficient infrastructure to make PT easily accessible. Improving infrastructure components is essential for this mode shift to occur. As a result, Transport Plan 2042 contains recommendations for the road network, IPT, public transportation, NMT, parking, and road safety.

All planned Arterial roads include 3m sidewalks and segregated NMT and Pt lanes. This will result in safer and more pedestrian-friendly streets, as well as an increase in the usage of public transportation for work trips. Similarly, existing roads are improved with wider footpaths and the addition of current poles and medians. In addition, since the average block size is reduced, accessibility has risen in potential areas. Only infrastructural improvements will not be able to achieve such a significant transformation; instead, awareness campaigns, such as Safer Streets, Streets for Pedestrians should be carried out in the city to educate people when choosing their mode of transportation.

06

Akhil Vardhan Borra Strategic Mobility Plan l

2042 l CEPT University