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MACHINING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AISI 316L STAINLESS STEEL IN PMEDM FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
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A. DEEP SINGH, J. JEET Singh, D. PREET SINGH, S. CHOUDHARY GUIDED BY: DHARMINDER SINGH Mechanical Engineering Department, Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar – 143109, Punjab, India
ABSTRACT
METHODS
In this research work, electrical discharge machining with fine silicon carbide powder is utilized to machine AISI 316L stainless steel workpiece. This material is widely used for temporary devices in orthopedic surgery because of its low cost and acceptable biocompatibility. The addition of powder particles in dielectric fluid of EDM makes the condition to accomplish higher machining execution. This research represents the improvement of machining performance in terms of material removal rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR) and Surface roughness (SR). It was found that peak current and concentration of abrasives are the fundamental control parameters for increasing material removal rate. This paper also helps in describing the significant role of this process in creating biocompatible implants, as this method attains proper surface finish required for the artificial transplants. The primary goal of the experimentation was to enhance the properties of AISI 316L SS in terms of corrosion, wear resistance and life span of the implant.
In this investigation, the machine utilized for experimentation is Electronica CNC EDM. The AISI 316L SS was machined with Sic powder mixed in dielectric fluid. The possible more influential machining parameters were selected according to literature review. Orthogonal Array (L9) was used for the design of experiment and Taguchi method was used for analysis of the result.
Fig 7: Mean of TWR
Fig 1: Copper electrode
Fig 2: Sic Powder
Fig 3: AISI 316 L SS (Before Machining)
KEYWORDS: Metal Removal Rate; Tool Wear Rate; Surface Roughness.
Fig 8: Mean of SR
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION Fig 4: Machining Operation
Electrical Discharge Machining is a non-traditional machining process, which is widely used for the machining of hard and fragile materials. In EDM, repetitive sparks between electrode and workpiece causes erosion of material. The complex and intriguing shapes can be easily produced on exotic materials which are difficult to produce by conventional machining process. However, its lower machining efficiency and time consuming process restricted its further industrial applications. But researchers have found the solution of this problem, a new technique to suspend additives in dielectric medium and this technique is known as additive mixed electric discharge machining (AEDM). In AEDM, the appropriate fine powder is mixed in dielectric medium and it acts as a conductor. The suspended powder reduces the breakdown strength of dielectric medium and leads to early discharge. Owing to this, discharge distribution improves and gap distance between tool and electrode increases. The more distance between tool and workpiece helps to flush away debris. As a result, the process becomes more stable and augments in machining efficiency is also reported.
It was observed that the material removal rate increases with the powder concentration and optimal MRR took place at combination of discharge current (6A), pulse on time (50 µs) and highest abrasives concentration (10%). The addition of Sic powder improves the surface finish. The lower value of surface roughness is achieved at higher value of pulse on time.
Fig 5: AISI 316 L SS (After Machining)
RESULTS
TWR increases with increase in peak current Addition of powder particles reduces the tool wear rate
REFRENCES 1.I.J. P. Kruth, Ir. L. Stevens, Ir. L. Froyen, Ir. B. Lauwers and K. U. Leuven, “Study of the White Layer of a Surface Machined by Die-Sinking Electro-Discharge Machining”, Annals of the ClRP, Volume 44, 1995, pp. 169-172. 2.Y.-F. Tzeng and C. Y. Lee, “Effects of Powder Characteristics on electro discharge machining efficiency”, International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology, Volume 17, 2001, pp. 586–592. 3.W.S. Zhao, Q. G. Meng and Z. L. Wang, “The application of research on powder mixed electro discharge machining in rough machining”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 129, 2002, pp. 30-33. 4.I.Puertas, C.J. Luis, “A study on the machining parameters optimization of electrical discharge machining”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 143–144, 2003, pp. 521–526.
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Student Photos
CNC EDM
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Fig 6: Mean of MRR