THE JANUS $\""".
Battle for The Abbey: A Record of Two Weel<s on the Cassino Front The Record of the first Allied attack on Cassino by the late Thomas Durrance (CM 42) was excerpted from a recently resuifaced manuscript edited by James H. Scott, II (CM 41, FR 8) and donated to the Archives by Walter Doyle (CM 41). Thomas Durrance, a 567 Coy volunteer ambulance driver and a War Correspondent with TIME/LIFE Magazine served in the battle of Cassino in 1944. The "Battle for The Abbey" was first submitted to TIME in the spring of 1944. February 16
I
nthe morning and afternoon Kittyhawks (American Curtiss-Wright P-40 fighter bombers used by the Royal Air Force) dive-bomb Monastery Hill with even better success than yesterday's Boeing B-17 heavy bombers. The Abbey is almost completely crushed, with one half of one bomb-battered wall still left standing. Instead of coming into the target on a straight line or curving into it, the Kittyhawks see-saw up to a position either to the left or right of it, then peel off for the attack. They keel over and pass vertically for the Hill. Just as they break for their dive and start to pull out of it, you can see the blast from their bombs shooting up to meet them, throwing debris in every direction. Our guns open up at six 0' clock - all three regiments. As far as we can see, an orange-red line of fire lights up the sky. The noise is deafening, reverberating in the hills until it's a continuous roar.
Tom Durrance at an Advanced Medical Post near Cassion, March 4,/944. (photo hy Holton)
Each salvo from the battery across the road flaps the front of our tent and blows up the candles with a hot cordite perfumed breath. We try to sleep. As the guns fire I feel as if someone was pounding the soles of my feet with as heavy board, the barrage lasts all night.
"Our guns oyen uy at six o'c[ock - a[[ three regiments. ~ far as we can see, an orange-red fine of fire rights uy the sky. The noise is deafening, reverberating in the hi[fs unti[ it's a continuous roar." Jerry throws back quite a bit, most of it smashing into the other side of the hill or landing on our infantry positions in the valley. There is so much that it blends and sounds like a surf breaking over a seawall.
The First Ninth Ghurkas have to cross three mile of unknown territory to reach th eir objective, get lost in the pitch darkness and are annihilated by Jerry machine guns and mortars firing from positions in the hills above them. Two platoons, we hear, reach the Monaster, are seen entering it. No ward from them since ...An AmeriFebruary 20 Our worst day. The shelling starts early can Advanced Dressing Station (ADS), merely and it's our old friend The Lone Ranger at work helping Indian Medical Unites, handles 508 caagain. He's got us tape measured today and stays sualties in less than 48 hours ...The Maori battalon target. Eric, Cape and I hug the mud backwall ion is clipped fro more than 80 casualties from of the tent. crouching low and ducking as they two companies alone, is forced from its newly come over. The first shell lands on our left and won objective by Sherman tanks that Jerry had the next 10 yards to the right. captured from the Yanks and turned them against '''e'll put the next one right in 'ere 'e will," the unsuspecting Maoris. The 4th Indian Divisays Capon. I crawl over to my bed and get my sion takes two hills north of Monastery Hill but helmet. Only a direct hit could get us and in that Jerry still holds Monte Cairo. case the helmet wouldn't do a damn bit of good, By nightfall we must admit that the two crack divisions of the Eight Army have been rebut I feel safer with it on. We stay crouched there for an hour while pulsed with the heaviest losses they've taken he lets us have it. Every moment we expect the since the war began. The news that the Beachhead (Anzio 'phone to ring or to hear a call for stretchers. A Beachhead) is hardly holding it's own doesn't shell lands squarely on Joe Collinge's bivvie,just 15 feet from our Regimental Aid Post tent. Luck- help. We go to bed feeling pretty low. ily Joe is with his battery at the time. Because February 22 A few hours after we've gone to bed I his dugout is sunk deep into the hillside, the shell doesn't scatter much but his kit is blown to hear someone fumbling at the flap of our tent. "Is the ambulance driver here?" he asks, smithereens. Our advance reconnaissance party, hik- his voice excited and trembling a little. "Yes, yes," I answer. "1' m here. What do ing its way around the hills north of Cassino in an effort to spot Jerry installations behind the you want?" "Let me in. It's McKinley. I'm working town, is caught in mortar fire.. For several hours they are pinned to the rocks on Monte Cairo. Two down at the Kiwi ADS and we need some help." men are killed and five others seriously wounded. All wireless sets are smashed by shrapnel.
I try to pull myself out of the sleep-fog. "Hold on. I'll undo that flap for you" I unlace the flap and look at my watch. Ten past two. McKinley comes in. We can barely see each other in the darkness. He tells me he has turned over his Humber down along Inferno Track and that another AFS driver, Wackernagel, is in the ditch not far from him. The track is a narrow, mud-rutted, twisting lane cut through the Cassino plain this side of the Rapido River. It is used only as an ambulance evacuation route but since it slices through no-man's-land, it comes in for plenty of shelling - a no huono [Italianfor "NOT GOOD! "J spot in which to be stuck. McKinley caught a ride with a passing jeep and was headed back to the Kiwi ADS for help when he saw my ambulance parked off to the side of Route 6 and stopped. As we reach my car artillery batteries are firing spasmodically and the gun flashes give us enough light to know where we are. McKinley drives because he knows the way across the pitch dark plain. He keeps apologizing for dragging me out of bed. I'm silent but certainly not keen on this expedition. We go down Route 6 halfway to Cassino and the cut off to the right onto Inferno Track. There are no guns near the track here. We poke along in absolute blackness, McKinley's chest pushing up against the steering wheel as he bends towards the windshield, staring. I have my face two inches from the pane. Fifteen minutes of this and we start seeing thi ngs that aren't there. The banks on both sides of us rise up almost to the top of the hood and branches scrape against the body of the ambulance. We take two wrong turns before we get to a stretch that McKinley faintly recognizes. Finally we come to the ditch where Wackernagel was stuck, but there is no sign of him or his car. We get out and kneel in the mud for a better look at the ruts. We can see where his two right wheels have dug deep into the edge of the road and the bottom of the ditch marks of his other two wheels. "He couldn't have gotten out of this by
himself," I tell McKinley. "Someone must have come along and pulled him out." We walk a few steps in front of the ruts and see others, dug deep and smooth to show where the rear wheels of the towing vehicle sank as they pulled. McKinley says his Humber is just down the road. We drive on and make it out, over on its side helpless and sickening, flat like a big bug, its wheels clawing the dark air. Here the track is wide and one lane of it - the lane coming from Route 6, is three feet lower than the other lane, going towards Route 6. It's like this for 100 yards. McKinley got through most of it, then slipped off the upper ledge onto lower level and rolled it. He transferred his terrified patients to an Indian ambulance which was fortunately a few minutes behind him. Now he wanted to get his kit and leave the wreck there until we could arrange for a Scammel (a vehicle used to recover wrecks) to yank it out in the morning. We open the back doors and, lighting matches, look for his.gear and bedroll. The inside of the ambulance is a mess of vomit and blood, the floor walls of the car covered with it. No one was injured, a miracle even though they were only going 2-3 miles per hour. As we finish getting McKinley's stuff we see another car coming towards us. It turns out to be Wackernagel who's lost again and thinks he is headed in the opposite direction. As we get together for a confab some Hell starts up down near Cassino. Just as little at first - flares, machine guns, then behind us our 25 Pounders begin. It gets worse and we decide to move fast before Jerry starts throwing stuff back. McKinley and Wackernagel follow me up b~femo Track back onto Route 6 again and as we head away from Cassino the attack becomes heavier. The flashes from our own guns blinds us. Looking back, the whole area is alive with bursting shells and whenever there's a second's lull in the big stuff, we can hear the rapid, frightening staccato of the machine guns and other small arms fire. When I get back to my tent it is 4 a.m.
A Wedding in the Midst of a War "An AFS Driver Remembers," (ME 26)
the Memoir of Charles "Fox" Edwards
L to R: Ida Bellarmil/o. mother of the hride; Charles "Fox" Edll'a,r!s al/d Licia Sargiacol/lo Edwards. Lal/cial/o. August 3. 1944
The following are excerpts from Chapter 5. "Courtship and Marriage, my AFS Wedding August 3, 1944 - An Episode in Intercultural Relations"
During his service as an AFS driver. Fox was detached temporarily from his platoon and loaned to the Allied Military Government (AMG) in Lanciano, Chieti Province as Public Health and We(lare Officer (PHWO). As the acting Public Health and We(lare Offlcer Fox was also assigned as American Red Cross Representativefor this activit)'.
M
ine - ours - was the most unlikely of marriage engagements. Because, when Licia Sargiacomo and I became engaged to marry in May, 1944, we and the entire world were involved in another sort of engagement, the second World War (1939-1945). To be sure, it was already the fifth year of war, and in another year it would be over. Planet earth would never be the same again - especially because of the "big bang" which helped to end it all. But even as historical events of great moments unfold, the lives of individuals go on. And a magical love story - ours - was born despite the guns of war.
of stairs in a sturdy stone school building of the old city, and was staffed by volunteers - Licia Sargiacomo was one, her friends Vera Mercadante and Maria Toni others. Yes, I suppose I was "smitten." The Italians call it the "thunderbolt." I was impressionable, 25 years of age and vulnerable; I had just come out of weeks in the mud and cold of a men-only-war ;"JiÂĽ;1. -j:. where civilized discourse over a cup of tea with a Jock Cobb's ambulance among the ruins of Lama Dei Peligni, Upper Sangro Region, gracious young woman March,
1944
By late March of 1944 the civilian population of Lanciano had reached about 40,000 and there were thousands of troops in and around Lanciano and stretched along the front. Eighth Army 5th Corps, with UK, Indian, Canadian and other troops held this Adriatic sector. Public Health was critical. In addition to sanitation, malaria control, supply and support for the civilian hospital and dispensaries, my responsibilities included support for the Refugee Center at Lanciano. Refugees were still coming in, given food, shelter, medicines, clothing and transport to safe havens in the south. Conversely, there was a reverse flow of displaced persons back to their homes as conditions seemed to improve. This Refugee Center became the cause of what I now refer to as "my luckiest day." As noted above, the Refugee Center was housed up a flight
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happened only In one's wildest dreams. All of this was reason enough to be "smitten," but I was also lucky. This meeting, just after I had turned down my opportunity for home leave, was indeed "my luckiest day." Within three months Licia would become my fiancee, engaged to become my wife: as I write these words, my wife of more than fifty years. On the face of it, under such conditions a courtship was absurd, and there were seemingly insurmountable obstacles to any suit of a refined young woman, daughter of a prominent family of a small and historic Italian city. I wore a British army uniform, the two-piece winter "battle dress" with jacket similar in style to the Eisenhower jacket. No self-respecting young Italian woman would socialize publicly or privately with a foreign soldier.
HItfiad been a story-book courtsfiiy and wedding in tfie midSt of war. 'Bob'B{air drove us in fiis staff car to tfie abandoned viera we fiad found for our fioneymoon. " In late June of 1944, following the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the liberation of Rome, Fox rejoined C Platoon as it advanced north. He and Licia agreed to marry as soon as he could return to Lanciano on leave. The opportunity came sooner than expected. C Platoon was held in the Umbria region pending new assignments in the wake of rapid advances north of the British 8,h and the American 51h armies. Fox and Licia were married on August 3rd, 1944. In three days of frenetic activity, Licia and Mother Ida, assisted by family and friends, completed preparations for the wedding. As I was not a Catholic, the wedding ceremony would take place in the morning of August 3 at a temporary altar in the dining room of brother Vincenzo's home. The kindly aged pastor of the family church would lead the service. Elita Lotti donated the material from daughter Luciana's first communion for Licia's bridal dress. A close friend of Licia's who had lost her husband and child in the sneak German April 20th bombing, donated her wedding veil. Mother Ida magically assembled and prepared foods for a delicious dinner with toasts the evening before the wedding, and somehow ice-cream was made for the wedding reception the next day. As we gathered for the reception in the bright noon sun on a terrace overlooking the Piazza where that sneak devastating German bombing
Fenarole Band of Lanciano, now restored, assembled below to salute us with a concert of vibrant Abruzzo music as well as Wagner's wedding march. All our hearts were lifted. For a magic moment, there was no war. As we were about to leave, a miraculous event took place: the unexpected arrival ofLicia's marvelous brother Vittorio. He had somehow survived the Russian front, hidden from Nazi and Fascist hit squads before the liberation of Rome, escaped the Ardeatine Caves massacre ofItalian officers by these squads. It was the perfect conclusion for our special day, and a propitious omen for our future happiness. Vittorio, who married Vera in Lanciano two years later, would become heart and soul for all of our families on both sides ofthe Atlantic. Two of our grandchildren now bear his name. It had been a story-book courtship and wedding in the midst of war. Bob Blair drove us in his staff car to the abandoned villa we had found for our honeymoon. Our one-week honeymoon which followed in its rustic, idyllic simplicity on the Adriatic coast far from thoughts or sounds of war, surpassed any that could have been planned in time of peace. When it was over, I would disappear to the North, back into the war, the story of the "fairy prince" in reverse.
AFS's Year in Review World Congress 1998: Shaping Our Vision for the Future Volcanic ash, an earthquake and a Caribbean hurricane didn't stop and perhaps even added to the intensity of the 1998 AFS World Congress which convened in Antigua, Guatemala, from September 21 st to 26th. The volunteers and staff of AFS Guatemala were quick to respond to every challenge that was presented over the course of the week. AFS Guatemala had an ambulance on hand - a World War II ambulance that is - stationed in the lobby of the hotel and painted with the original AFS symbols. It was accompanied by a historical exhibit arranged by AFS Archives. Carlos Parra, National Chair of AFS Guatemala, joked at the closing of the Congress that in fact these events had been planned and offered AFS Costa Rica, host to the 1999 World Congress, to help plan the same.
AFS World Congress delegates in discussion
For most participants it was an intense and highly productive week. "It was my 4th AFS World Congress," said Maija Voina, National Director of AFS Latvia.
"Undoubtedly, it will be memorable in many ways. I think the well-planned structure and content of the Congress activities led to creating a very special atmosphere of productive work. My overall impression of this Congress leads me conclude that this event bears a high importance in the AFS world." United by the theme, Shaping Our Vision for the Future, over 180 volunteers and staff from around the AFS world gathered to share ideas that will help shape the direction and vision for the organization's future. The Congress covered a lot of ground in a week that was shortened by late arrivals. AFS's Three Year Plan and Defining our Vision for 2010 were the main topics of plenary sessions and working groups. Optional sessions covered such topics as Global Education Initiatives in Europe, Corporate Scholarship Programs, AFS Programs in China, an Update on Program Link and Regional Meetings. "In many ways," noted John Shuey, International Trustee, "the success of this year's World Congress showed just how resourceful and flexible our organization is in dealing with uncertainty and meeting challenges." The keynote address was given by Professor Clifford Hill, Chair of the Department of International and Transcultural Studies of Teachers College at Columbia University in New York City. Professor Hill was instrumental in developing the relationship between Columbia University's Teachers College and AFS Intercultural Programs. "The dynamic and passionate discussions at the World Congress were a fitting tribute to the thousands of constituents who were not present in Antigua, but whose spirits seemed to energize all their delegates," said Plinio Benavides, National Director of AFS Panama.
1998 was a historic year for AFS. The first participants from China completed the AFS Year Program. 28 students between the ages of fifteen and sixteen went on YPNH97-98 to Australia, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, the United States, and Switzerland. While AFS has a fifteen year history in China running the Visiting Teachers Program (VTP) and other short term programs for adults and students, it is an all time first for the Chinese Ministry of Education to endorse sending high school students abroad on a year long educational program.
All the students said that they learned a lot and had made remarkable progress physically, men tally and intellectually. They all thought that AFS program enhanced international understandings among different countries and contributed to global peace. CEAIE will carry out follow-up studies to trace the growth and development of these students following their return from the Program. AFS International will be working with Partners to help develop an Organizational Development Plan for China. The goal is to further involve returnee teachers and to expand the program in volume as well as to other areas of China.
AFS Community Service Program Volunteers
Chinese studellts bOUlld for Europe listell as Pemilde Vikalles. Regiollal Program Coordillator from AFS NorH'a\" cOllducts a pre-departure orielltatioll sessioll ill Beijillg. JUlie, J 997
The students who had gone on the AFS program had forums in Beijing and Shanghai on August 29 and September 5 to share experiences with each other as well with representatives from the Chinese Education Association for International Exchange (CEAIE), Beijing Education Commission, Tianjin Education Commission, Shanghai Education Commission and Shanghai Education Association for International Exchange.
Assisting the sick, the homeless, the young and the old. Working with communities striving to build a better life for themselves. Pitching in where they are needed. Many AFS ambulance drivers would recognize these phrases as being relevant to the service they provided during, and just after, the Second World War. They might be surprised to learn that these are the comments being made about the new breed of AFSers, the Community Service Program volunteers. The Community Service Program developed over a number of years by AFS Partners who recognized that many youth were looking for opportunities to go overseas with a solid organization like AFS but were too old for the traditional Year Program. In response to that need more than 40 AFS Partners have developed either sending or hosting programs and, in some cases, both sending and hosting.
Today Community Service is the fastest growing program in the AFS system with participant numbers doubling in each of the last two years. It continues to show strong signs of growth with ever increasing numbers of AFS Partners offering the Program. As Community Service has grown AFS International has recognized the need to provide the same level of standardization and training as other AFS core programs. Over the coming year staff and volunteers will have the opportunity to participate in training workshops that will enhance their skills in working with young adults and host placement organizations - the other local organizations that AFS collaborates with to offer the program. Community Service is truly back to the future for AFS.
Baptiste ÂŁrkes from Belgium, an environmental education officer in the Republic of South Africa on the Community Service WALK Programme
In 1998 more than 400 youth over age 18 participated in a Community Service experience mainly in Latin America and Africa. The work ranges from helping children lead healthier lives on the streets of Asuncion, Paraguay to developing training programs with human rights workers in the townships near Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Community Service volunteers can be found in urban centers like Sao Paulo, Brazil and remote villages of central Ghana. In every location these young people bring a high level of commitment to make the world a better place with the experience and guidance of AFS staff and volunteers now dedicated to the development of the AFS Community Service Program.
On May 4, 1998, AFS Intercultural Programs and Columbia University signed an agreement of professional association which will link their educational networks. The association will include jointly sponsored lectures and colloquia, shared research into the process of intercultural learning and the techniques of intercultural management, the placement of Columbia students in graduate internships in AFS offices, invitations to experts from each organization to teach and consult in programs of the other, and information shared with the respective alumni networks of each organization about the research and programs of each of the other organizations.
AFS and Columbia Signatories L to R: Lisa Anderson. Dean. School of International & Public Affairs. Columbia Unil'ersity; Richmd Spence1; President. AFS Intercultural Programs; Wayne Edwards. Chairman. International Bomd of Trustees; Clifford Hill. Chai1; Department of International and TrallScultural Studies of Teachers College. Columbia University. May 1998.
We Reproduce Below Excerpts from the Agreement.
AFS Intercultural Programs and Columbia University share a history which extends back to 1928 when Grayson Kirk, former president of Columbia, received an AFS fellowship to study in Paris as one of the first AFS French Fellows. Twenty years later Columbia president Dwight D. Eisenhower, who knew the American Field Service ambulance drivers from his years working with them on the battlefield, welcomed the first bus trip of AFS students from abroad to the Columbia campus, noting that "Despite their great contribution in the winning of the two wars, I feel that the peacetime job that AFS has voluntarily undertaken is the most important one of all. It is one that. .. will help eliminate the misunderstandings that promote conflict. II
AFS Intercultural Programs, Teachers College and the School ofInternational and Public Affairs at Columbia University continue to share common ideals. The three organizations are committed to the education of individuals who wish to move outside the boundaries of their national cultures and education systems, believing that these citizens will, in large measure, define and lead the next century. They share an interest in the policies and process of institutions around the world which engage in global commerce and enrich civil society. Most importantly, they share a belief that universities, international agencies and nonprofit organizations can nourish, temper and inspire each other by regular and well-informed contact.
AFS Drivers Participate in a Celebration: AFS Germany's 50th Anniversary By Arthur Howe (ME 2) I was privileged to be invited by AFS Germany to attend its 50lh Anniversary celebration in Frankfurt, May 8th to 10lh 1998. Hundreds of AFS Returnees organized in committees with specific responsibilities, worked for months, in some cases years, to prepare the varied program for the delight and inspiration of two thousand visitors. They came, not only from Europe, but also from around the AFS world to honor the largest AFS program outside L to R: German I'olullfeel; Lut: Tuickmantel; AFS Dril'ers Chick Squire and Arthur Howe. 11: and German I'olunteel; Maike Krug, in front of AFS the USA, to celebrate its remarkable achievements, review WWI Model T FOld Ambulance from Sieroncourt Museum its present status and to look to not "enemy" soil. Chick Squire (ME 37, IB 57) its future. There were also many seminars on social, economic, political and educational and I were the only representatives of war time service which was recognized by the authentic issues with the attention focused on Europe and Africa, but also reaching to the rest of the reconstruction of a WWI ambulance beside world. The logistics were handled like clockwhich he and I were posed for TV and newspawork, the food and entertainment were sumpper publicity. AFS Germany along with our flourishing tuous and the facilities spacious and comfortpartner in Japan epitomize the symbolic and subable. Germany's President Roman Herzog stantive reconciliation which today unites diverse attended the event and this added a special recognition to the occasion. There was also national AFS organizations in dedication to a warm recognition from the President of AFS more just and peaceful world. The quiet, pervaInternational, Richard Spencer and the Presisive force of AFS student programs have not yet dent of AFS-USA, Alex Plinio. been fully recognized; but they will be, just as As at all AFS gatherings, the people were our WWI and II humanitarian service has been the best part. Our programs have brought together honored. There is no organization anywhere with a unique variety of sensitive, thoughtful, energized a richer heritage of selfless service in both War human beings in its student participants, host fami- and Peace. AFS Germany's Anniversary gave a lies and volunteer workers from every part ofthe large boost to the next 50 years of AFS activity world. I wish that my fellow AFS Veterans could in what will undoubtedly be new forms of serhave witnessed and felt the depth and scope of vice, building on the strengths of our traditions the modern AFS which is flowering in what we and our people. once perceived to be "foreign" if
AFS Participation in the 1998 Living History/Veterans Day, Portland, OR
A
FS Reunion ambulance (Dodge WC -54) was on display at Milwaukee High School celebration of Living History Day on November 10, 1998. This annual event dedicated to U.S. veterans commemorates the men and women who served the United States during wartime. World War II, Korean and Vietnam War veterans and a Holocaust survivor shared their personal experiences with Milwaukee High School students. The stories of heroism, humanity and humility made history come alive on that very cold and rainy day in Milwaukee, Oregon. Inside the school an exhibition of war memorabilia set the mood for the celebration, while nearly 20 war vehicles, including the AFS ambulance, a 1942 Ford Jeep and 1952 Jeep ambulance were parked near the entrance to the school. The AFS ambulance was introduced by Hugh Gemmell, son of Colin Gemmell (eM 92, IB 60-T). Mr. Gemmell spoke on AFS in WWII and emphasized that AFS ambulance drivers volunteered to go overseas. The AFS ambulance was the object of much interest and many veterans and faculty stopped by to see it. About 1,400 students were captivated by veterans stories and made to realize that the cost for freedom and great life was very high.
The American Field Service Changed My Life By Susan Flakes AFS Returnee from USA to the Netherlands, 1960. he American Field Service changed my life. An unexpected source has inspired me to contact the American Field Service, to share my experiences with you, even though it's been almost fOity years since, under the name "Nanette Barrows", that I was an AFS student in the heartland village of Driebergen, Netherlands. Recently I had the thrill of sitting across the table" doing lunch" at Wolfgang Puck's in Hollywood with a fellow writer, Shirl Hendryx, whose remarkable credits and accomplishments deeply impress me. I happened to bring up how, when I was a young exchange student in Holland, I had converted the principal of the school I was attending from anti-American to pro-American by my utter commitment and very hard work. Shirl, who up until that moment had been more of a formal and imposing mentor, broke into a grin that still lights me up. "The American Field Service?" he asked, with the same respect and affection that comes into my voice whenever I say the name. How wonderful then to learn that Shirl was one of the AFS volunteers (Mr. Hendryx, IB 5, served with AFS in India Burma in 194345) one of those who courageously said, "Yes, I can," when they were told "You can't serve your country." One of those so proud of what they had given, and been given, by their experiences overseas, that they formulated a continuation of the AFS in peacetime that affords the opportunity to young American students to go overseas - to give, and to be gIven.
T
I had never really focused on the source of the AFS. How exciting then to have that source in the flesh right in front of me, and to experience how he still embodies that same spirit of the AFS that so captivated me when I set sail from Montreal, headed for Europe with a ship of totally excited young students, nearly forty years ago. One of the strongest moments in my life OCCUlTed during the special assembly that the "formidable" Master de Ru arranged just before I was to sail home. He called me up on stage in front of the whole school, presented me with some gifts, and then said, and I' 01 crying even now as I write it, "Here is the example of what a student should be! We are proud to have had her at our school." I was gratified to learn that even after I left Holland, his newfound respect for American students did not wan. A few years later he visited me at the University of New Mexico while he was on tour of American high schools and colleges, to learn more about our education system. Tante Hester (my host mother) died last year. I miss her terribly. But now I get letters from 0001 Jan (my host father). One of those letters I framed. He tells me how much I have meant to their family, even though I was with them for such a short time, and so many years ago. And with every visit I've been able to make back to Holland, and with every letter I ever sent to Tante Hester, and now to 0001 Jan, and of course to their daughter Aafke, who prodded them to host me in the first place, I tell them how much, how very much, they've meant to me. Thank you, American Field Service. Susan Flakes was a part of the AFS experimental group that went to the Netherlands in June 1960 and attended a Dutch school for half a year, returning home in January 1961. She lives in Laguna Niguel, CA.
AFS Archives Accessions The following donors presented WWI, WWII and AFS Intercultural Programs materials to AFS Archives in 1998: Roger Griswold; AFS WWI Diploma of his father, Roger Griswold (SSU 2). Mr. Griswold served in France from January to August 1916. The Diploma ca. 1917 designed by Bernard Naudin was given to each Field Service volunteer who completed his engagement. Stanley Durland; Where Angels Tread: How Angels Changed Histor.v in the Twentieth Century (Indian Stream Republic Publishers, Arlington, Mass., 1998). Chapter 3 of the book (Biography of a Heavenly Messenger) deals with a December 17, 1916 Ouija board appearance of Richard Melville Hall to the Finleys of Cleveland. Richard Hall was the first AFS ambulance driver killed in Alsace, France on December 25, 1915. Three archival photographs of Richard Hall in Alsace and the remains of his car appear in the book. The Richard Hall Collection at the Archives includes the radiator from his car. John 1. French (CM 97); his photograph of "C" Platoon 485 Coy drivers in Austria on June 20, 1945 (the group includes Stumpf, Ellinwood, Bottomley, La Couteur, and a German doctor). David S. Hendrick (ME 4, FFC); his Free French unit enamel badge (Red Cross of Lorraine on royal blue background) worn in service with the AFS French Unit in Syria and North Africa, 1942-43. Mr. Hendrick also donated his Afrika Korps collection including three Iron Crosses, a Marshal Rommel brass medallion and a tank flag.
Howard Allen (ME 35, FFC); his WWII reminiscences "Italy: 1944 - The diary of an AFS Ambulance Driver". Allen's diary draws on his experiences in the Italian Campaign while serving with D Platoon of AFS 485 Coy from October of 1943- November 1944. Two of Allen's younger brothers, Lewis and Douglas were also with the AFS during WWII. Mrs. Ann Thomas; two NBC records "American Field Service"(pt. One and pt. Two, 78 rpm) featuring an interview with Evan Thomas II (ME 1) recorded on 7/26/42 after the fall of Tobruk. Thomas served with the AFS in Syria, Egypt and Libya and got out of Tobruk two days before the British surrender in June of 1942 and the retreat of the Eighth army into Egypt. Thomas held the rank of 151 Lieutenant, commanding a platoon ofthirty ambulances when he left AFS in February 1943. Charles P. "Fox" Edwards (ME 26); his memoir "An AFS Driver Remembers" (MS and diskette). This book of Fox's reminiscences of his AFS and AMG service includes Edwards' war poems and is illustrated by 168 photographs (of which 142 were taken by John C. Cobb (ME 26). Edwards served together with the "Lucky 13" drivers in C Platoon, 485 then 567 Coy attached to the British 8th and 9th Army and U.S. 5th Army in the Middle East, Africa, and Italy in 1942-45. Walter Doyle (CM 41); "Battle for the Abbey" by Tom Durrance (CM 42), edited by James H. Scott II (CM 41, FR 8). We reproduce in this publication the excerpts from Durrance's diary.
John G. Wright (CM 40, FR 8); his memoir "Bella Italia". This 1998 account edited by James H. Scott II is are-write of Wright's October 1943- October 1944 diary of the Italian Campaign and a moving 1983 retrospective (in 1983 Wright and his wife returned to Italy and retraced the route from Ortona to Rome covered with the AFS in the spring of 1944). Mr. Wright is a son of an AFS WWI Driver Whitney B. Wright (TMU 133) Frank Lichtensteiger (CM 52); excerpts from Long Life, an autobiography by Nigel Nicolson (Putnam Publishers, 1998). Nicolson was a soldier in North Africa and Italy during WWII (see chapter four). The chapter five of the book deals with the British handing over to the Red Army about 40.000 anti-soviet Cossacks who previously surrendered to Blitish in Austria in May 1945. Lichtensteiger, who was with AFS 485 Coy in southern Austria at the end of the War, was a witness to this betrayal. James H. Scott II (CM 41, FR 8); his "Avoiding Draughts" (1998). The humorous account written between May and September 17, 1945 recounts the last days of the war (Scott served with the 151 French Army in Southern Germany in the spring of 1945) and the U.S. army unsuccessful attempt to induct Scott following his return home. Aaron Kornblum, The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Archivist; photo of Joseph Fogg's (ME 32, FFC, CM 94) Bergen-Belsen letter, April 30, 1945 and Fogg's obituary (April 4, 1992) Hugh Gemmell; photos and a clipping on the AFS Reunion ambulance participation in the 1998 Living History Day in Oregon.
Research in the Archives
Richard Spencer, former President AFS InterCLtltural Programs; framed photo of an AFS WWI ambulance rebuilt in New Zealand for the celebration of the AFS New Zealand 50th Anniver- Grand Island Films (GIF) based in NYC recently approached the Archives for the records of AFS sary ( 1997). Drivers' service in the battle of Monte Cassino Arthur Howe (ME 2), former AFS President; The in 1944. AFS Archives welcomes the Monte History of American Field Service in WW1 , 3 Cassino film project as the four-month battle took volumes (1920); G. Rock, The History of the place with the largest AFS participation (up to American Field Service 1920-1955 (1956), an 500 ambulances) in any engagement of either AFS International Scholarships badge, lapel but- WWI or WWIl. GIF is producing a 90 minute documentary that will comprehensively explore ton and ashtray (1960's) the WWII battles of Monte Cassino. The film AFS Ghana; Ghanaian traditional cloth (pro- entitled, Monte Cassino: The Phoenix of World War JJ will present the testimonies of many of duced for the AFS 50th anniversary celebration). The dark green and blue batik fabric includes the participants of the battles from all over the rubber flocked AFS motifs and the "Walk to- world, including those of the AFS drivers who supported various contingents of the British 8th gether, Talk together" motto, 1998. Army and the U.S. 5th Army. th AFS France; 50 Anniversary kit produced by Director, Alan Winson, recently visited AFS AFS France (November 1997). Archives in Manhattan and was dazzled by the Ward AFS Germany; photographs and newspaper clip- vast amount of materials available. th Chamberlin, Vice President of WNET/13, AFS pings of the 50 Anniversary celebration. driver at Cassino, and member of the AFS Board AFS Australia; Bronwyn Horton, Letters from of Trustees supports the project, saying: "This Thailand (1995) and Lorna Clayton, When Do will be a compelling film and one which we will You BOYIlin Australia: A Sharing of Cultures, certainly want to have in a prominent place in ThirteenlWNET's broadcast schedule." Glimpses of Others and Ourselves ( 1990); training video. Research on AFS participation in the events at Suzanne Sebert (AFS Director of Public Affairs, Monte Cassino is ongoing. At present the proUSASPGER60); clippings from The Birming- ducers are actively seeking funding sources so ham News on Juergen Blankenburg's (AFS that filming can continue in the Cassino area in Trustee, GERYPUS52-53,) experience as an February and May, 1999 [as most AFS veterans AFSer in the Shades Valley High School and his know, in mid-May, 1944, the Gustav Line was visits to Birmingham, AL since his AFS year. finally broken after almost six months of bloody fighting]. It is of particular importance that GIF's cameras return to Cassino in Mayas this will Nazneen Thanawalla Spliedt (PAKYPUSA5758); "Do You Remember? - From The Arosa Sky most likely be the last major world-wide gatherto The QE2", materials on Galatti and 1957-58 ing of veteran's of this conflict. Allan Prince and AFSers. Ward Chamberlin are discussing the possibility of an intergenerational excursion to the battlefields which will bring together the AFS drivers and students.
Grand Island Films has developed a Preview video designed to give potential funders a sense of the film's scope and style. The Preview tape can be viewed at the AFS Archives. Anyone interested in discussing the Monte Cassino film project please feel free to contact the documentary's producer: Rebecca McKean, phone/fax 212 362 7718 or e-mail gif212@mindspring.com
Archives also provided assistance to Dr. Massimo Rubboli of Dept. of History of the University of Florence, Italy in his research on Americans involved in the post-war relief work in Italy, 1945-48. Dr. Rubboli used our materials in a historical exhibit. While the war-time civilian relief and the post-war reconstruction in Europe was not an organizational effort, AFS drivers at various times volunteered to alleviate the plight of Italian civilians and refugees and were posted to the Allied Military Government branches of the Eighth and Fifth Army bringing relief to the civilian population. The Archives provided Dr. Rubboli with the records of William Congdon's service with the Allied Military Government (AMG) in Faenza in 1945 and with the American Friends Committee in the Abruzzi-Molise region in 1946, Gene Hammond's and Walter Doyle's work with CARE in Rome in 1945-46, and Charles "Fox" Edwards'service as Public Health and Welfare Officer in the Lanciano region in 1944.
Archives gave permission to the Austrian Film Production "Navigator" to use our 1945 photograph of the Bergen Belsen women inmates in a documentary film production "Ceija Stojka".
Archival records on the battle of Termoli in October 1943 were made available to Mr. Robert Cull, a son of the British 8th Army soldier. Mr. Cull's father Jack Cull was a member of a British Commando Unit which made a successful seaborne landing and took Termoli on Oct.2-3, 1943. We were able to identify the British Commandos as 2nd Special Service Brigade of 13 Corps and provided Mr. Cull with the 8th Army medical situation report for weeks ending October 1-18, 1943, an official diary of "D" Platoon 567 Ambulance Coy on evacuation of the wounded at Termoli, and a report on AFS at Termoli by Fred Wackernagel (ME 37). Mr Cull maintains an extensive WWII Web site <http:// www.hwy56.com/warlinks> in which there is a page on AFS involvement at Termoli <http:// www.hwy56.com/warlinks/termoli/afs.html> .
Archives also provided biographical information on A. Piatt Andrew, the founder of the American Field Service to Marylin Love, archivist of the Lawrenceville Preparatory School in New Jersey. Andrew attended the Lawrenceville School.
Archival Exhibits Archives was a source of many photos for the production of the AFS International 1997 Annual Report. Archives sent a photographic exhibit for display at the 1998 WorM Congress in Guatemala. The exhibit titled the Partner Exhibit tells the story of AFS from 1914 to the present. The exhibit consists of twenty mounted photos and is available to all AFS Partners and volunteers for purchase. Archives also contributed scanned photos and documentation in order to assist in the process of authenticating and identifying the WWII ambulance displayed at the 1998 World Congress in Antigua, Guatemala. AFS Archives sent 3 historical posters and a 50 piece photo exhibit depicting the history of AFS to AFS South Africa for the celebration of the 40th Anniversary of AFS Programs in November in that country. Archives were able to assist AFS France in their request of a set of Community Service photos. The photos will be used in a new publication promoting the programs. AFS historic photos were also used in a 1997 AFS Thailand publication. Archives provided a set of20 historical photos to AFS Chile for the 40th Anniversary Celebration in October. These photos of AFS in WWI, WWII and AFS Participants were augmented by the Chilean program photos and presented at an AFS photo exhibition mounted at the celebration in Santiago, Chile. The 40th Anniversary photo exhibit was also shown in six different communities around Chile. In connection with the 50th Anniversary AFS Germany requested a set of historical slides and photographs for their celebration which took place in Frankfurt on May 9, 1998.
WoAroA1!1! ltoHHoetoa: 'Orillors OH 6-".ail! Please find below a listing of Drivers ' e-mail addresses. Please let us know if you are on email. We also invite you to visit our Web site <hnp://www.afs.org> where you can register in AFS's "Find-A-Friend" Database. Russell Ashmun (eM 45) D Plat. 485 Coy Frederick Balderston (ME 37, CM 100, IB 59-T) C Plat. 485 Coy
William Cantrall (CM 92) D Plat. 485 Coy Ward Chamberlin (ME 37, CM 104, IB 59-T) HQ, C Plat. 485 Coy
Walter Doyle (CM 41) D Plat. 567 Coy Jack French (CM 97, IB 59-T) C Plat. 485 Coy
Walter Goodwillie (CM 90, IB 60-T) A Plat. 567 Coy
Or,,/! History Pro;oet Charles Gurney (IB 57)
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Gene Hammond (ME 16, CM 92) A Plat. 567 Coy
Lewis Harned, (CM 41) C Plat. 485 Coy
Allan Prince (CM 43) C Plat. 485 Coy
Lloyd Stephen Riford (CM 41, FR 8) C Plat. 485 Coy
Paul Rodgers, Jr. (ME 32, FR 8) A Plat. 567 Coy
James H. Scott II (CM 41, FR 8) B Plat. 567 Coy
Chick Squire (ME 37, IB 57) A Plat. 567 Coy
Barry Tome (CM 45) D Plat. 485 Coy
Gene Vasilew (ME 32) B Plat. 485 Coy
Dennis A. Weaver (ME 16, FR 4) A Plat. 567 Coy
John G. Wright (CM 40, FR 8) B Plat. 567 Coy -
In order to share and preserve the stories of the generation that volunteered with AFS in WWII AFS Archives and Communications is embarking on an Oral History Project (AFS DRIVER HISTORY PROJECT). We would like to have the assistance of all the Drivers who can spare the time to relate their memories on audio tapes that will make up our Oral History Collection. Such a narrative would give us a unique glimpse into the motivations and experiences of AFS Drivers. AFS Archives is prepared to mail an audiotape and an Oral History interview questionnaire with instructions to any Drivers interested in participating in the project. This Collection will increase and complement the holdings of the Archives collection and capture those events that are, and will ever be, part of the History of AFS. If Archives can answer any of your questions pertaining to this Project please write to us and we will reply as soon as possible. Each Driver should recognize his significance in making the Archives become an important historical repository. We are enclosing a preliminary questionnaire with this mailing. The deadline for responding is March 15, 1999.
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Ed Masback (ME 37), AFS Life Trustee was a guest speaker at the AFS Chile's 40th Anniversary "Cena de Gala" festivities held in Santiago in October 1998. An interview with Norman Shethar (CM 53) entitled "AFS: en busqueda de la paz mundial" appeared in the Santo Domingo's daily La Vida on November 12,1997. Mr. Shethar was a guest speaker at the AFS Staff Training Conference in the Dominican Republic. Chick Squire (ME 37, IB 57) was interviewed by the German TV station "Deutsche We]]e" and broadcasted in an information program "Hamburg Journal" in Hamburg on May 2, 1998. The interview was later aired nationa]]y. Mr. Squire and AFSers from Russia, Mexico and Chile participated in the Jubilee Tour of Germany before joining the 50th Anniversary festivities in Frankfurt last May. Charles Johnson (CM 45, FR 6) recently published a speech on the origins of the Vietnam War. Details available from Rev. Johnson.
A Model of a Dodge WC-54 ambulance (approx. 5 3/4" long and 2 %" high) and a replica of AFS WWII eagle cap badge (approx. 2 %"xI1,4") executed in bronze tone metal are now available. The AFS eagle badge costs $25.00 (the price includes shipping in U.S.). Please note that there is a limited quantity of Dodge ambulance models which will be sold on a first-come-first-serve basis. This realistic looking model is 1/35 scale of a % ton Dodge, it has a war weathered look and chains on the front bumper. The Drivers may request their Ambulance Company insignia (485 or 567) on the side of ambulance. The cost is $65.00 per model (includes shipping in U.S.). For more information please contact Hugh Gemme]], 3218 S.W. Hume, Portland, OR 97219 tel. (503) 246-5993.
Publications We are pleased to inform the drivers of the recent publications which include references to AFS service in World War I and World War II.
The original of the letter is in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. The Gurkhas, by Byron Farwell. Paperback published by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1990, 317pp. ISBN: 039330714X, retail $13.95; B& N price $11.16 The book on recruiting practices, military training and the nature of Gurkha character filJed with historical anecdotes and rare photographs. It contains references to Neil Gilliam (ME 2, FFC, IB- T) and AFS service with the 14th Army in Burma at the battle for Shenaml Imphal in 1944 (GilJiam was awarded the George Medal for rescuing hundreds of Gurkha and Rajput Iives at the battle).
Gentlemen Volunteers: The Story of the American Ambulance Drivers in the Great War: August 19l4-September 1918 by Arlen J. Hansen, Foreword by George Plimpton. Hardcover book published by Arcade Pub., 1996,254 pp., ISBN: 1559703J3X . retail $27.95, B&N (Barnes & Noble BookselJers) price: $19.57. This book deals with the experience of the young Americans who went to Europe as volunteers in the Great War. The book was researched in the Archives and the cover photograph of the Model T Ford ambulance A Connecticut Yankee with the 8th Gurkha Rifles: at Verdun comes from the Joseph G. Weld A Burma Memoir by Scott Gilmore, Patrick (SSUl) collection. Hansen mentions in the EpiDavis. Hardcover book published by Brassey's, loaue that the AFS French Fellowships, the preb Inc., 1995, 279pp, ISBN: 0028811062, retail for cursor of the current AFS Student Exchange Pro$24.95; B&N price $17.46 Mr. Gilmore (ME grams was funded with the money left after the 1) joined the AFS in 1941 and served a year in AFS was militarized in 1917. North Africa, where he witnessed the fall of Tobruk and the battle of EI Alamein. He joined Letters of a Nation: A Collection of Extraordithe elite Indian Army of the British Raj, part of nar)' American Letters, Andrew CarrolJ (Editor) General Slim's Fourteenth Army and became a For~word by Marian Wright Edelman. Hardcover company commander with the 8th Gurkha Rifles. published by Kodansha America, Inc, 1997, Gilmore's account gives a vivid picture of the 446pp, ISBN: 1568361963, retail $27.00; B&N WWII battles in the mountains of Burma includprice $18.90. The book features over 200 letters ing the fight at Taungdaw. by presidents, slaves, soldiers, prisoners, revolutionaries, artists, religious and civil rights leadAvailable from Rizzoli Bookstores ers, spanning 350 years of American culture and 600 Years of British Painting: The Berger Colhistory. Writers include, Emily Dickinson, Benlection, published by the Denver Art Museum jamin Franklin, Eleanor and Theodore Roosevelt, and the W.M. Berger Charitable Trust, 1998. Amelia Earhart, Albert Einstein, Ernest Hardcover edition, ISBN: 0-9658733-1-5 Hemingway, John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lin($85.00) and soft cover ISBN: 0-9-9658733-2-3 coln, Edgar AlJan Poe, Mark Twain, and Walt ($40.00). The Berger Collection Catalogue conWhitman. This chronologically arranged antholtains 296 richly coloured plates of famous Britogy includes a 1945 letter to his parents by Joish works of art from an exceptional collection seph Fogg (ME 32, FFC, CM 94). Fogg was a of William (CM 89) and Bernadette Berger. The member of D Platoon 567 Coy who witnessed Berger Collection dates from the medieval period the liberation of the Bergen-Belsen concentration to the 20th -century and it's on view for the first camp in April 1945. In the letter Fogg wrote: "I time at the Denver Art Museum, October 10, 1998 shall attempt to record a sight that is well beyond through March 28, 1999. For info visit Web site the pale of verbal or written description - a sight http://www.thebergercollection.org for info. that will sear my memory for all time to come."
LAST POST William Congdon (April 15, 1912-ApriI15,
1998)
We at AFS Intercultural Programs lost one of our most distinguished founders, William G. Congdon, who passed away aged 86 on April 12, 1998 in Milan, Italy. Widely known as an artist, Congdon was also a published writer, author, and lecturer. William G. Congdon was born in Providence, R.I., and educated at St. Mark's School, Yale University, the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and the Cape Cod School of Art (Massachusetts ). In April 1942, Congdon volunteered for the American Field Service as an ambulance driver. He served in Syria with the British 9th Army, in North Africa with the British 8th Army and in the Italian campaign. He was a member of the C Platoon of AFS 567 Coy that worked with the Royal Army Medical Corps at Bergen Belsen. Congdon sketched in Belsen and his drawings were later reproduced in a book he wrote about the experience which had a profound impression on his art. Immediately following the war Congdon worked with the American Friends Service Committee distributing aid to war-victims in the regions of Abruzzi and Molise in Italy. He returned to the United States in 1948, residing in New York City. Congdon joined the Betty Parsons Gallery where he had his first one-man show in 1949. From 1949-59, Congdon gained a reputation as an Abstract Expressionist and was recognized in the 1950's as one of the top ten expressionistic painters in America. He set-up a studio in Venice, Italy and made frequent trips to such cities as Naples, Rome, and Milan.
His growing need for personal redemption coupled with his failing inspiration led him to convert to Catholicism in Assisi in 1959. Assisi was a great source of inspiration for Congdon gradually becoming the touchstone of his spirituallife. He moved his studio to Assisi and newly inspired by the Bible and by the theme of the crucifixion painted a series of religious paintings in the 1960's. Congdon wrote an autobiography /n My Disc of Gold recounting his religious conversion in 1961. In 1966, the artist opened a studio in Milan and in 1979 settled in the Benedictine Monastery outside of Milan. From 1945 to 1979, Congdon travelled continuously, visiting the Mediterranean, Africa, Latin America and the Far East. He left graphic and literary evidence of his travels and dedicated "series" of his paintings to places he visited.
In 1992, the Foundation for Improving Understanding ofthe Arts honored the artist with a lifetime exhibition, "Four Continents in Fifty Years of Painting." The most recent monograph on his work William Congdon was published in 1996 in English and Italian with essays by Peter H. Selz, Fred Licht, and Rodolfo Balzarotti. Congdon's artwork is represented in many collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, The Whitney Museum of American Art, The Peggy Guggenheim Museum in Venice, the Benedictine Monastery in Subiaco, Italy, Robert Gardner Museum (Cambridge, Mass.), The Santa Barbara Museum of Art (California), The J.B. Speed Museum (Louisville, KY), and The Toledo Museum of Art (Ohio).
Julien Green (1900-1998)
JI/liell Greell (SSU 33) Irith his wl/lmlallce Ra\'//ol/wd. Paris. 19/7
ill the park
Julien Green, novelist, playwright and memoirist died on August 13, 1998 in Paris at the age of 97. Green was born on September 6, 1900 in Paris to American parents of ScottishIrish background. At the age of 17 he joined AFS in Paris and served with SSU 33 in the Bar-leDuc and Clermont-en-Argonne sectors for 4 months. In the fall of 1917 he volunteered for the American Red Cross in Italy and drove an ambulance near Milan. Discharged in 1919, he enrolled in the University of Virginia. In 1922 Green moved back to France. His first novel, Mont-Cinere (Avarice House), was published in 1926 and gained critical success both in France and in the United States. It was followed by Adrienne Mesurat in 1927 (The Closed Garden), which was awarded the Femina Bookman Prize and Leviathan in 1929 (The Dark Journey), which was awarded the Harper Prize. Although Green was bilingual he wrote mainly in French. His only major work written in English was Memories of Happy Days (1942). Between the years 1940 and 1945 he lived in the U.S. and then later settled permanently in Paris. In 1970 the Academie Fran<;aise awarded Green its grand prize for literature and in 1971 he was the first person of American parentage to be elected to the Academie Fran<;aise. Mr. Green never ceased writing; his work eventually included not only the novels, "Journals" and memoirs, but five plays, six collections of essays and two works of history. Few writers' lives have spanned so long or turbulent a period, or have been as productive. Mr. Green's letter written for the AFS France 50lh Anniversary celebration ol21 Rile was read at the celebration in November 1997.
Norton S. Baskin IB 4 Ernest T. Boger ME 26 B. Mason Bowen ME 37, FR 1 William G. Congdon ME 20, CM 90 James A. Doubleday ME 16, FFC Richard Field IB 1, IB 55 William D. Gallant CM 96, IB 60-T Hamilton Goff ME 4, CM 86, IB 59- T Burt E. Grove ME 4 John C.B. Hawkes Jr. CM 88 Brendan M. Jones CM 81 William W. Lamprell ME 38, CM 86, IB 59-T Alan R. Martin IB 35 Lowell 1. Messerschmidt CM 41 Joseph P. Morris, Jr. ME 37, CM 99 Robert K. Murphy ME 1 F. Thayer Sanderson ME 37, CM 100, IB 59 T Thomas Schick CM 52 Mark C. Schoettle CM 101, IB 59- T Thomas W. Shepard IB 20 Edmund J. Spencer CM 53, IB 55 Arthur R. Zimmer CM 64-a
Best Wishesfor A Happy New Year
from the Staff of AFS International, New York