AEG News Vol. 65 No. 2 - Spring 2022

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Vol. 65, No. 2 – Spring 2022

celebrating

National Parks 150 years

65 6 5thAn A nual Mee M eting September 12 2–17, 2022 Planet Hollywoood | Las Veegas, Neevada Your fun begins on Th he Strip, Las Vegas’ maiin artery and home to bustling casinos, world-class restaurantts, ornately designed resorts and ovver-the-top shows. Overlookin ng the Las Vegas Strip, p, our Annual Meeetingg hotel – Planet Hollywoo y d Resort –

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Vol. 65, No. 2 – Spring 2022

AEG News (ISSN 0899-5788; USPS 954-380) is published by the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists (AEG), 3053 Nationwide Pkwy., Brunswick, OH 44212, four times a year in April, July, and December with the Annual Report and Directory in March. The Annual Meeting Program with Abstracts is published only digitally, in September, and the digital copies are distributed at the AEG Annual Meeting. Association members receive an electronic copy of all five issues of the AEG News as part of their dues. Print subscription for Association members, which includes all three regular issues of the AEG News and the Annual Report and Directory issue, is $40 in addition to annual membership dues. Nonmember annual subscription is $50. Back copies of AEG News regular issues are $12 each. Inquiries should be sent to AEG Headquarters: Association Manager, 3053 Nationwide Parkway, Brunswick, OH 44212 330-578-4900.

Table of Contents

Periodical Postage paid at Brunswick, OH, and additional mailing offices: POSTMASTER: Send address changes to AEG News, 3053 Nationwide Pkwy., Brunswick, OH 44212.

News of the Profession 12 One Step Closer to Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

© 2022 Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists—All Rights Reserved Views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those officially representing the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists except where expressly stated.

AEG News Editors Acquisitions Editor: Martha Whitney, Principal Engineering Geologist, Whitney Geologic, news@aegweb.org Content Editor: Bill Roman, Chief Geologist, Gannett Fleming, Inc., wroman@gfnet.com Managing Editor/Production: Andrea Leigh Ptak, Communicating Words & Images, 206-300-2067, andrealeighptak@me.com, www.andrealeighptak.com

Index to Advertisers

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From the Editors 4 The Geologist Behind Our First National Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 The Acquisitions Editor’s Pen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 News of the Association 6 The President’s Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Treasurer’s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Secretary’s Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Foundation Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Chapter Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Committee Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Professional Contributions 13 Restoration of an Urban National Park Service Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Field Work at the Gateway Arch Visitor Center Improvements . . . . . . . . . . .21 Field Trips 24 Field Trip to Herbert Hoover Dike, Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Fossil Ridge and The Great Unconformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 The HomeFront 30 Nashville Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 St. Louis Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Texas Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

On the Cover

Submission Information In order of preference: 1. Send files via email, preferably as attachments, to both email addresses above.

Optimum file format is MSWord. Users of other software programs should convert their file to ASCII or text only. Photos and other images, charts, graphs, etc.) should be sent as separate images but may be included in the Word.doc for placement purposes.

2. Images should be sent as high-resolution (250 dpi at 4” wide or larger) jpeg or tiff files and should be named with a strong identifier such as HF-Texas-John Jones —NOT P204679.jpg. Corresponding photo captions should be included in the text along with an attribution of the source/photographer.

3. The policy of AEG News editorial staff is to limit the credentials of an individual to two. No effort will be made by the AEG News editorial staff to determine if individuals whose credentials are missing from the submitted copy actually have academic or professional credentials, nor will the staff verify the existence or correctness of the credentials submitted.

Grand Prismatic Spring, the largest hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, photographed in 2004. The trees on the ridge, destroyed by wildfire, have since grown back. Read about the founding of the park in Editor Bill Roman’s column on the next page.

PHOTO BY ANDREA LEIGH PTAK

The association 2021–22 Officers President: MADDIE GERMAN Consulting Geologist, Atlantic Coast Consulting, Atlanta, Georgia, president@aegweb.org Vice President/President Elect: NATHAN SARACENO Senior Geologist, DiGioia Gray and Associates, Monroeville, Pennsylvania, VP@aegweb.org

For detailed guidelines visit: https://aeg.memberclicks.net/assets/docs/aeg_news_style_guide_0713.pdf

Treasurer: SARAH KALIKA Consulting Geologist, DiabloGeo Environmental, San Ramon, California, treasurer@aegweb.org

Advertising in the News

Secretary: RENEE WAWCZAK Hydrogeologist, Norridge, Illinois, secretary@aegweb.org

Contact AEG Headquarters at advertising@aegweb.org.

Past President: WILLIAM GODWIN Consulting Geologist, Carmel, California, PP@aegweb.org

Submission Deadlines

Association Contacts

https://www.aegweb.org/aeg-news-2 Canada Agreement number: PM40063731; Return Undeliverable Canadian Addresses to: Station A, PO Box 54; Windsor, ON N9A 6J5; Email: returnsil@imex.pb.com

Headquarters: Association Manager: SHERI MASKOW J&M Business Solutions 3053 Nationwide Parkway, Brunswick, OH 44212 330-578-4900, manager@aegweb.org AEG Foundation—President: KEN NEAL, president@aegfoundation.org

Spring 2022

AEG NEWS 65(2)

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FROM THE EDITORS

The Geologist Behind Our First National Park Bill Roman, AEG News Content Editor

l

n this issue of AEG News, we observe the sesquicentennial of the creation of the United States’ first National Park when Congress passed the Yellowstone National Park Protection Act, which President Ulysses S. Grant signed into law on March 1, 1872. We admire and appreciate the visionaries who saw fit to preserve the natural wonders of Yellowstone and set an example of the federal government’s role in preserving special places for the public to freely enjoy. While readers of AEG News are probably aware of the role geology has played in shaping many of our national parks, readers may not be aware of the significant role the geologist Ferdinand V. Hayden played in the establishment of Yellowstone as our first National Park.

In 1871, with the support of a $40,000 appropriation from Congress, Hayden led an expedition of thirty-four men in an exploration of the region about the sources of the Yellowstone River. The party featured a multidisciplinary mixture of scientists, technicians, artists, and support staff. According to Hayden’s 1872 report, the party was organized as follows: “James Stevenson, managing director; Henry W. Elliott, artist; Prof. Cyrus Thomas, agricultural statistician and entomologist; Anton Schöaborn, chief topographer; A. J. Smith, assistant; William H. Jackson, photographer; George B. Dixon, assistant; J. W. Beaman, meteorologist; Prof. G. N. Allen, botanist; Robt.

Ferdinand V. Hayden

Adams, jr., assistant; Dr. A. C. Peale, mineralogist; Dr. C. S. Turnbull, physician; Campbell Carrington, in charge of zoological collections; William B. Logan, secretary; F. J. Huse, Chester M. Dawes, C. De V. Negley, and J. W. Duncan, general assistants. Mr. Thomas Moran, a distinguished artist from Philadelphia, accompanied the party as guest, to secure studies of the remarkable scenery of the Yellowstone. In addition to the above, there were about fifteen men who acted as teamsters, laborers, cooks or hunters.”

By including the artist Thomas Moran and the photographer William Jackson in his party, Hayden ensured the expedition would not only collect scientific data but also capture the beauty of the region in drawings, paintings, and photographs.

Hayden’s lobbying efforts to preserve the Yellowstone area included Moran’s artwork, Jackson’s photographs, and Hayden’s advanced copy of the expedition’s report. On December 18, 1871, bills were introduced simultaneously in the Senate and the House for the establishment of a park at the headwaters of the Yellowstone River. In reporting the bill back to the Senate on January 22, 1872, Senator S. C. Pomeroy of Kansas stated, “Professor Hayden and party have been there, and this bill is drawn on the recommendation of that gentleman to consecrate for public uses this country for a public park.”

In recognition of the sesquicentennial of the establishment of Yellowstone National Park, this issue of AEG News includes professional contributions from Bill Godwin on the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Luke Ducey on the Gateway Arch National Park. In case you didn’t notice, although multidisciplinary, Hayden’s 1871 survey party does not appear to have been very diverse, so we are pleased to include in this issue contributions from Cynthia Palomares and Maya Saldanha on efforts to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in the geosciences. Finally, while we observe the preservation of Yellowstone as the first National Park, we also recognize the adverse effect of the park’s creation on the native people of the area.

References

PHOTO COURTESY USGS

Hayden, F.V., 1872, Preliminary report of the U.S. Geological Survey of Montana and portions of adjacent territories, being a fifth annual report of progress.

Patterson, Allie, 2019, Indian removal from Yellowstone National Park: Intermountain Histories: https://www.intermountainhistories.org/items/show/344 (accessed April 19, 2022).

Picard, M.D., 2010, Revisiting the life and scientific reputation of Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 73-81.

Thacker, J.O., 2021, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden: 150 years after Yellowstone: GSA Today, v. 31, issue 12, p. 20-21.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1972, Ferdinand Vandiveer Hayden and the founding of the Yellowstone National Park.

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AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

HERE FROMHEADER THE EDITORS

Acquisitions Editor’s Pen

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Martha Whitney, AEG News Acquisitions Editor

reetings and welcome to the Spring edition of AEG News. To commemorate the one hundred fiftieth anniversary of Yellowstone as our first National Park, we asked our members to share their stories of engineering and environmental geology projects carried out in any of the National Parks. We are grateful for the contributions from Past President William Godwin and Luke Ducey of the Saint Louis Chapter.

There were several other members who expressed interest, but with multiple looming deadlines and hectic schedules, it was not possible for them to get their submissions in on time. Well good news: We are happy to announce that we are going to extend the National Parks sesquicentennial commemoration throughout 2022 and encourage professional contributions relating to geology and environmental-related work carried out in any of our National Parks and indeed any of our public lands throughout the 2022 AEG News editions! That leaves two more opportunities to submit your stories, technical articles, or photo essays. The summer edition deadline is May 31, and the winter edition deadline is October 26. Please contact me if you are interested or have questions, or simply send your submissions directly to martha@whitneygeologic.com.

The last time I wrote for the winter edition of AEG News, my work had taken me to the north Atlantic working on site investigations for offshore windfarms. More recently I was able to assist with a geotechnical study of a proposed green gas pipeline in Lolland Falster, Denmark, and an offshore cable route study for an existing windfarm in the North Sea. On that project I learned that Denmark has decommissioned the world’s first offshore windfarm, after twenty-five years of service. The offshore wind industry is well established in Europe and provides an excellent reference frame and data source for assessing geological design challenges and ecological impacts. It is good to see the USA finally getting on board with this green energy source and I am very happy to see that my old stomping grounds in northern California is hosting a flagship windfarm project 40 km off the coast of Eureka: the Humboldt Wind Energy Area. I hope to be involved in this project and to finally work “back home.” In the meantime, I am off to Papua New Guinea to work on a quarry feasibility study.

What are you working on? Where are you working?

Onshore, offshore, dams, faults, tunnels, or mines? AEG News wants to know.

Wind turbines in the North Sea

Spring 2022

AEG NEWS 65(2)

5

NEWS OFHERE THE ASSOCIATION – THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE HEADER

“Your Contribution” Maddie German, 2021–22 AEG President

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gency is important. Believing the work you do matters and knowing that your effort and energy were not wasted, but focused on worthwhile and valuable endeavors, are important to each of us. Unsatisfying work has led many of us to drop classes or leave employment because it was not worth our valuable time. It could have been menial work, or our time may not have been respected, however in many cases, it is because we felt we were no longer controlling the aspects of our day or life that were most important to us.

One of the primary objectives for my presidency has been to reach out and talk with each Chapter’s leadership team building on the goals of: 1) communication, 2) Chapters and members, and 3) leadership.

First, a huge “Thank You” to AEG’s Chapter leadership, you are doing an amazing job. Your passion, enthusiasm, and willingness to face various challenges and difficulties is encouraging. Your energy is fantastic and you have excellent ideas.

Despite some tricky situations, you are still putting one foot in front of the other to keep our Association alive and well. I also want you to know that you are not alone out there; if you need

OVERCOME GEOHAZARDS WITH

support, please reach out to me, your Regional Director, or the staff at our management company to assist.

Keeping the communication flowing between the Members, Chapters, Directors, and Executive Council is critical not only to disseminating information but also to having a rewarding experience as part of AEG. The Chapter leadership has been sharing wonderful ideas for meetings, field trips, and student involvement. Every single person has ideas on what we can do to make AEG better at both the Chapter and the Association levels.

Several great suggestions and fixes have already been implemented due to discussions with folks on these Chapter calls. Your local leadership is changing how we function as an Association in real time. As an AEG Member, your questions and comments are valid, and it is important that we operate in a way that keeps it simple to interact with one another, provides everyone needed information quickly and efficiently, and doesn’t make life more difficult.

For AEG’s long-term success, it is important for everyone to be heard and understood. Communicating is complex because it requires multiple people, each with a specific role.

Members, please reach out and share your ideas, suggestions, and comments. Let’s work together to continue supporting AEG in the various ways that sustain our Association as a whole.

Lastly, I have a request for you all. Please share a limerick or geology poem with us on our social media, via whichever platform you prefer. This is just a way to add a smile and some fun to your day. We look forward to reading your creative works! Here is a quick example to inspire your thoughts.

Geology is the study of rocks.

The Earth was built using blocks.

The mountains and seas, The faults, land, and keys, Compose a symphony like one of Bach’s.

TECCO® SYS Y TEM T ³

PHOTO COURTESY NASA

Aesthetics h ti d do nott h have tto b be co ompr p om mised with Slope p Stabilization

Geobrugg NA l Algodones NM l 505.771.4080 l www.geobrugg.com

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AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATION – TREASURER’S HEADER REPORT HERE

AEG’s 2022 Finances Are on Track Sarah Kalika, 2021–22 AEG Treasurer

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e’re about a quarter of the way through the 2022 fiscal year, and AEG’s income is looking strong. We have two main sources of income: Membership and Meetings (including the Annual Meeting, virtual events, symposia, and webinars). Our main expenses include professional Association Management at AEG Headquarters and preparation and publication of the AEG News and E&EG Journal.

Membership Remains Strong for 2022 As of the end of February, we have collected $209,363 in membership income (including the portion of dues that contribute to the legislative fund), which is right on track with our budget of $197,500 for membership income in 2022.

We can improve our future by increasing membership among students (who are granted membership at no charge) and encouraging students to continue with AEG once employed. We encourage students to transition their Student Membership to Full Membership within the first three years of employment by offering our discounted Early Career Full Member rate.

Employees and direct-line supervisors can also assist by encouraging their employers to financially support membership in professional associations. When employees join associations like AEG, their employers benefit from an educated workforce that remains up to date on emerging research and changes in

Membership Comparison Chart Category Dues Paying

Number of Members 2020 (As of Sept.)

2021 (As of Sept.)

2022 (As of Feb. 28)

Affiliate

43

51

43

Early Career Full Member

88

125

113

Emeritus

27

33

29

Full Member

1,223

1,322

1,185

International

74

84

67

Teacher

55

76

75

Honorary

20

22

22

Life

52

51

50

Senior Emeritus

133

142

141

Student (USA)

985

893

673

Student (International)

162

194

145

Non-Dues Paying

*Subscription-only members (typically community and University libraries) are not included

Spring 2022

regulatory policies. When employers encourage participation in Chapter events and our Annual Meeting, their employees serve as ambassadors of the company. When employees additionally participate as speakers, their employer benefits because employees are now admired as experts in their field. When employees are supported in AEG leadership roles, employees gain experience managing teams of people and developing and maintaining budgets, hone their writing skills, and practice public speaking.

Bottom line: membership in AEG is a low-cost investment in marketing, recruitment, team building, and employee retention.

Meetings Report – Optimistic Despite Ongoing Uncertainty As an Association, we recognize that hosting learning opportunities through Technical Working Group-led symposia, holding virtual workshops and monthly webinars, and maintaining connection for members of AEG who might not be near a Chapter meeting location are ways to bring value to AEG membership.

We’re committed to holding virtual events, even as more inperson opportunities emerge.

Our biggest threat to financial success this fiscal year remains to be uncertainty and the potential for future restrictions due to the ongoing Covid pandemic. Although some states and communities have been wide open, others are beginning to relax safety requirements during this current reduction in Covid cases (as of March 2022). Many of our members have been extra cautious in protecting their health against this airborne respiratory virus, which appears to be spread most easily when unmasked in tightly packed, indoor, enclosed spaces (such as our typical dinner meetings). As we have seen with the cyclical nature of Covid variants, continued outbreaks and surges in infections will likely impact our ability to meet in-person in a manner that existed prior to 2020. As we look at news of rising cases occurring again in countries in Europe and Asia, we can anticipate further ups and downs in infection rates that require revisiting of precautions at future events, potentially including a return to mask recommendations. As a science organization, AEG urges our members to stay aware of case rates in your local area, follow the recommendations of the CDC and WHO, get vaccinated and boosted against Covid-19, wear a mask when required (or voluntarily if you or family/friends/coworkers are at high risk for detrimental health impacts due to Covid), and stay home when you are sick.

We Encourage a Return to Chapter Events – Virtually or In-person Although most Chapters are thriving with virtual and in-person meetings, some have not met at all. Our Chapter Support Committee is working with Chapter leadership in struggling

AEG NEWS 65(2)

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HEADER NEWS OFHERE THE ASSOCIATION – TREASURER’S REPORT areas to support their efforts to get back to organizing meetings, events, and field trips—virtually and in-person when able. If you’re hoping for a local meeting and want to assist, reach out to your local Chapter leaders or the Chapter Support Committee.

Events Expected to be Financially Successful The Geologic and Seismic Hazards working group held a virtual symposium Methods and Case Histories for Characterization of Potential Geologic and Seismic Hazards on March 15–17, 2022. Thank you to conveners Gerry Stirewalt and Courtney Johnson for your countless hours organizing this symposium!

The GASH symposium could be attended at no charge by those who attended the 2021 Annual Meeting and for a small fee by those who didn’t. Participation in this event was eligible for up to twelve professional development hours.

e t a r o p r Co Sponsors 2022 Kilimanjaro

The 2022 Annual Meeting, co-chaired by Jerry King and Nick Saines, is expected to be financially strong for us due to its location in Las Vegas at the Planet Hollywood Resort, which is very close geographically to many of our members. The convenient location, coupled with reasonable hotel room rates in a city that boasts hundreds of flights a day from nearly everywhere in the country, is a recipe for potential success. The call for abstracts is open and registration will open in April. This is a great opportunity for your company to sponsor or promote its services and yourself at an exhibit booth. For more information, visit the Annual Meeting website: https://www.aegannualmeeting.org

In Closing I remain committed to treating AEG’s funds with care and doing all I can to maximize the value of your membership dues. See you in Las Vegas this September!

Mauna Loa University of Pennsylvania lps@sas.upenn.edu (215) 898-7326 https://www.lps.upenn.edu/degree-programs/msag

Glacier Peak

The University of Arizona

Envirotech Drilling Services

College of Engineering onlineengineering@arizona.edu (888) 658-2042 https://online.engineering.arizona.edu/online-eng-mining/

David Draybuck david@envirotech-services.com 713-423-5220 www.envirotech-services.com

Mount Rainier

Kilauea

Geobrugg Tim Shevlin Tim.Shevlin@geobrugg.com (503) 423-7258 www.geobrugg.com

Scintrex Bill Male bmale@scintrexltd.com (905) 669-2280 ext 343 https://scintrexltd.com

Earth Consultants International Eldon Gath gath@earthconsultants.com {714) 412-2653 www.earthconsultants.com GeoEngineers, Inc. Mark P. Molinari mmolinari@geoengineers.com (206) 518-5152 www.geoengineers.com

AEG is one of the very few organizations dedicated to supporting applied geology. Members include geologists specializing in engineering geology, environmental geology, and hydrogeology as well as other professionals in affiliated fields, such as civil and mining engineering, land use planning, public policy and education. Go beyond just advertising to constantly connecting with over 2,000 members online, in person, and through AEG’s publications. This is the best way to support the profession while growing disability for your business. Sign up for a sponsorship and start receiving benefits today! We are flexible and would love to work with you for a custom sponsorship that fits your exact needs.

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AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATION – SECRETARY’S HEADER REPORT HERE

Regional Directors Needed Renee Wawczak, 2021–22 AEG Secretary

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pring is in the air, and that means Regional Director nominations are due! Region 2 – Southern California, Region 4 – Southwest, Region 9 – MidAtlantic, and Region 11 – International are all up for election this year. If you live in one of these regions and have an interest in serving on the Board of Directors for the Association, AEG encourages you to submit your self-nomination for the position.

No experience is necessary, but you must be a current member of AEG to serve on the Board. The benefits of serving in this role are numerous and include leadership training and growth, gaining organizational and budgeting skills, networking through all aspects of the organization, gaining an understanding about how a Board of Directors works to address membership concerns, engaging and supporting the profession, and acting as a mentor to early career and new members. To submit your self-nomination, or to nominate a peer, please submit a statement of interest with a brief biography to secretary@aegweb.org. Voting will begin in the Summer of 2022, and new Regional Directors will begin serving in their roles during the 2022 Annual Board Meeting held this year in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Regional Director Responsibilities Include Attending Regional Business Meetings Each Regional Director shall coordinate and conduct business meetings within their respective Region to identify issues, concerns, and opportunities within the Chapters and from individual members, and communicating information from the Mid-Year and Annual Board Meetings and other information from AEG Headquarters and the Council to members within the Region. Meetings may be conducted by conference call, such that all members of the respective Region have been notified and have the ability to be involved. The Regional Director shall keep and distribute minutes of each business meeting to the Region’s membership, to the Board, and to AEG Headquarters within two weeks following the meeting’s date. Chapters are encouraged to fund the travel of their Regional Director to at least one of their meetings annually, as their local funding allows. This is to build member trust and to further the involvement of all members’ input and understanding in the greater Region and Association as a whole.

Attending Board Meetings Regional Directors shall attend the Association’s Annual and Mid-Year Board Meetings.

Providing Regional Chapter Support Regional Directors will work with their Chapters to cross-promote and advertise activities, to keep their Chapter Officers abreast of Association information, and to seek input to represent members’ opinions at the Board meetings.

Preparing and Submitting Bi-Annual Regional Reports Each Regional Director shall submit two Regional Reports to the Council. Each report shall be received by the Association at least thirty days before both the Annual and Mid-Year Board Meetings. Regional Reports will be provided to all Chapter Boards for review and comment at least fourteen days prior to submittal to the Council. Each Regional Report shall be reviewed by the Council to determine the overall health of the Region and its individual Chapters. The Council shall report any concerns or deficiencies of all of Regions to the Board. The Regional Reports shall include the following information: a. Regional Director’s proposed budget for travel and expenses for the coming fiscal year, b. a summary of key issues and topics identified during Regional business meetings and other communications, c. a list of action items for the next Board meeting, d. a fiscal summary of each Chapter’s bank account, e. a growth plan outlining what is, or could be, done to improve outreach and communication between neighboring Chapters, form new Chapters, or rejuvenate stagnating Chapters, and, f. a summary of the status of the profession and licensure within that Region.

Regional Directors serve in the position for three years, not to exceed two consecutive terms. AEG needs your insight, enthusiasm, and ideas. Please consider submitting your nomination today!

AEG News Disclaimer

AEG News Welcomes Your Feedback.

Authors alone are responsible for views expressed in signed articles.

Advertisers and their agencies are solely responsible for the content of all advertisements printed and also assume responsibility for any claims arising therefrom against the publisher. AEG and AEG News reserve the right to reject any advertising copy.

Comments, suggestions, or questions should be sent with the writer's name, address, and daytime phone number via e-mail to news@aegweb.org.

Spring 2022

AEG NEWS 65(2)

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HEADER NEWS OFHERE THE ASSOCIATION – FOUNDATION REPORT

2021 Scholarship Report & More Nichole J. Vetter, PG, AEGF Director

Scholarship Update

The Auction Is Back!

The AEG Foundation was able to award twenty scholarships totaling $30,000 in 2021. It’s supporters like you, who made that possible! Because of you, students and professionals can focus on becoming great environmental and engineering geology practitioners. The AEG Foundation would like your continued support and would like to increase the number of scholarships and grants that we can provide in 2022.

If you would like to make a donation, please visit https://www.aegfoundation.org/donate/index.php. You can make a one-time donation or get set up to make a monthly donation to your chosen fund(s).

The AEG Foundation is delighted to announce that it will be hosting a Virtual and In-Person Silent Auction at this year’s Annual Meeting in Las Vegas! The Silent Auction will begin online September 1 and will end on September 15, 2022. If you have mineral specimens, fossils, jewelry, or other fun and interesting items, please consider donating them to the Silent Auction. If you have something you would like to donate, please email a photo of the item with a description and approximate value to staff@aegfoundation.org. Also indicate if you will be attending the Annual Meeting and bringing the item with you. However, attendance at the meeting is not required to donate. If you’re not able to attend, you can still donate and the AEGF will assist with getting your item to the highest bidder.

NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATION – CHAPTER SUPPORT

Be Prepared: Make an AEG Go-Bag for Your Chapter Meetings Phyllis Steckel, RG, AEG Region 7 Director

S

everal years ago—back when all AEG local meetings were held in person—leaders of the AEG St. Louis Chapter had an idea: meetings would be easier to host, if all the gear needed for an inperson meeting was kept together, in a sturdy carrier, and the supplies were complete. An AEG “Go-Bag” (or a “Red Roll-Aboard” or a “Travel Case” or whatever you want to call it) was prepared.

A medium-sized roller suitcase—a weekender size— was donated. St. Louis’ is red—distinct and less likely to get mixed up with similar suitcases, but any color would work. If you do have a black one, suggest it be painted distinctly or clearly marked as the AEG Go-Bag. Pack the AEG Go-Bag with everything you will need for a meeting. Obvious stuff, like the projector and connecting cables and AEG nametags should go in first. But think about it a little and make sure you also have two or three extension cords, two-inch tape (to secure the extension cords to the floor), several Sharpies, markers in various colors, scissors, sign-in sheets for attendees, student brochures, new member forms, and a few pens.

Maybe add a replacement bulb for the projector; a clean, white flat-sheet (which can serve as a screen in a pinch); and a few shims to use under the projector if needed. Throw in some thumbtacks and a roll of duct tape, a pad or two of paper, a gavel, a laser pointer and extra batteries, and some reusable 10

laminated directional signs—such as “AEG MEETING” with an arrow pointing in the correct direction.

Then think about special gear you just might need, depending on the venue. One St. Louis meeting site was great, but the Treasurer’s Corner was very dark, so a small, battery-operated table lamp (just a few inches high) was added to the GoBag: problem solved. Other AEG Chapters may have their own unique needs.

Keep it Dedicated The AEG Go-Bag should be dedicated just for AEG events. If it available to too many users, it will get cannibalized.

Between AEG meetings, the AEG Go-Bag is kept at the offices of a St. Louis consulting firm that has quite a few active AEG members and several Chapter officers. Before each meeting, someone from that office is assigned to bring the AEG Go-Bag to the meeting—so if the officer is out of town or unavailable, the AEG Go-Bag will still get to the meeting.

Every few months or so, the AEG Go-Bag is inventoried and refreshed. And it will definitely need a hard look once we get back to full in-person meetings after a year of dormancy. But by being prepared, the AEG St. Louis Chapter meetings usually go off without a hitch. Maybe this idea will work for other AEG Chapters, too.

AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

NEWS OF THE ASSOCIATION – COMMITTEE HEADER REPORT HERE

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee Maya Saldanha

New Views from a New Member I’m one of the newest, and I’m told possibly the youngest, member of AEG and find myself feeling welcomed and engaged in the Association and as a member of the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee (DEIC).

My name is Maya Saldanha and I’m an Indian-Canadian freshman studying geology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. I moved to Canada from Bangalore, India, in August 2021 to study here, in part to participate in UBC’s co-op program in my third year.

Though only in my second semester, I hoped to find an internship for this coming summer, to gain technical experience and do fieldwork, but I soon realized how limited those options might be so early in my college career. Most internships prefer upper-year students with previous field experience, so I asked some senior students for advice.

Having experienced the same struggles during their first years, they encouraged me to look for volunteer opportunities. Their words resonated with me and led me to research possibilities all over Canada. Due to the pandemic, I found them few and far between, so I began searching for remote ways to volunteer.

That is how I learned about AEG, and I joined as a student member. I read the AEG Insider emails and several issues of the AEG News. I loved AEG’s mission and vision, which kept me digging, and I watched the webinar entitled You Don’t Look Like a Geologist, Let’s Talk about Diversity (or the Lack Thereof) in the Geosciences (https://www.aegweb.org/webinarspublic#diversity) and read about the DEIC. I was surprised to learn that the geosciences are among the least diverse of the STEM fields in North America and some of the reasons why.

One reason is that students don’t know it is a career they can aspire to—we need to reach K–12 students, in all communities, to show them they can make a living and make a difference in the geosciences. As an Indian-Canadian and International Student Member, I feel compelled to take this on. I drew a deep breath, then emailed AEG’s Vice President, Nate Saraceno, and offered to volunteer for the DEIC. So here I am, fired up to strive for change so that when my peers and I enter the workforce, the geoscience profession will include many more people of color, visible minorities, as well as members of the LGBTQIA+ community.

The committee is currently focused on four broad areas: Data Collection, Education and Collaboration, Communication, and Support for a Diverse Future for the Geoscience Profession. In this article, I will discuss the Data Collection goal, and in future issues of AEG News, I’ll address the other goals.

AEG, like many other geoscience professional organizations, has never gathered the type of information from our members that would let us know how diverse, or not diverse, our membership is. Therefore, the DEIC, with the backing of AEG’s Executive Council, is surveying our members to determine a

baseline. Two anonymous surveys have been/will be conducted, one for US members that is underway as I’m writing this, and one for international members which we expect to launch by spring 2022. As an international member myself, I am excited to help develop the questionnaire for AEG’s international membership, as well as work with other volunteers on the data analyses.

Collecting and analyzing this data from our members is a necessary first step toward understanding diversity issues in the geosciences. We hope you have, or will, participate in the survey when you see it in your email inbox. It takes only a few minutes, but in that short time, you will So here I am, provide us with valuable inforfired up to strive for mation. Though the queschange so that when my peers and I enter the tions ask for basic workforce, the geoscience information, we strove to profession will include many word it in such a way that more people of color, the survey itself fosters visible minorities, as well inclusion. as members of the As you can tell, my first LGBTQIA+ weeks of volunteering with AEG community. have been busy and challenging.

Addressing the lack of diversity in the geosciences won’t be easy, but I feel encouraged that AEG is taking the challenge on, and I look forward to finding my own next steps in the Association and in the geosciences, in creating a more diverse future in the field.

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Spring 2022

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AEG NEWS 65(2)

CG-6 Portable Gravity Metter 11

HEADER NEWS OFHERE THE PROFESSION

One Step Closer to Diversity Cynthia Palomares, AEG Past President

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s a member of AEG’s Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) Committee, I attended the Geosciences ASCEND (Associated Societies Committed to Embracing & Normalizing Diversity) Research Coordination Network Virtual Summit on January 22, 2022. ASCEND is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and its purpose is to support the effort to explore geoscience culture and effect long-term cultural change toward a more inclusive geoscience discipline.

The virtual summit was held on a Saturday to accommodate as many people as possible and to ensure plenty of time for discussion and interaction. There were twenty-one associated societies in attendance with a total of thirty-one people on the summit call. Associated societies are specific geoscience organizations that are members of the American Geosciences Institute (AGI). The summit is run by a committee of five people that includes academics from four institutions and the Executive Director of the Geological Society of America (GSA). The lead institution is the University of Arkansas.

The main purpose of the virtual summit was to communicate to the various geoscience societies the current lack of diversity in the geosciences and also to make them accountable to help foster a more inclusive environment. Each society shared the goals that they have completed or are working on with regard to increasing diversity. Below are the takeaways from this discussion: 1) Most societies are currently working on getting a better handle on their current member demographics. I shared that AEG is also in the process of identifying our Association membership demographics. A survey was emailed to AEG members in late January with the subject line “What can AEG do better?” I hope you took the time to fill out this important survey! This is the first step in identifying the potential needs of our Association.

2) A few societies have set up DEI scholarships or are planning to do so. I am happy to announce that the AEG Foundation (AEGF) has agreed to administer a new AEG Diversity Scholarship, which is now posted on the AEGF website. In addition, Diversity Field Trip Grants of up to $500 are available to K–12 teachers for the purpose of exposing students to the local geology in their area. The first Diversity scholarships and field trip grants will be awarded this year. You can access more info about the AEG Diversity Scholarship here: https://aegfoundation.org/funds/diversity.php and the Diversity Field Trip Grants here: https://aegfoundation.org/funds/diversityfieldtrips.php.

4) Award recipients are being vetted to make sure that there are no past-negative DEI actions from the awardee.

5) Performance assessment of some paid employees is tied to DEI improvement.

6) Working on efforts to increase diversity among BOD members.

7) Communicating DEI goals and plans to membership.

The AEG DEIC plans to continue submitting articles to the AEG News to communicate to our members ongoing activities the committee is working on or has completed to support increasing diversity among our membership, AEG events, and the geosciences profession.

These virtual summits will be held periodically, but the next date has not yet been scheduled. It is worthwhile to attend these summits to potentially collaborate/work with other societies and also communicate ideas/goals/progress with each other. AEG plans to have a presence at these summits when they do occur.

If you have any comments or questions regarding ASCEND, you may contact me at cynthiapalomarescon@gmail.com.

If you would like to join the DEIC committee, please contact the co-chairs, Deb Green and Jenn Bauer at DEIC@aegweb.org.

AEG 2022 ANNUAL MEETING CALL FOR ABSTRACTS https://www.aegannualmeeting.org/copy-of-technical-program https://www.aegannualmeeting.org/copy-of-technical-program For For complete complete meeting meeting details, details, www.aegannualmeeting.org www.aegannualmeeting.org

PROPOSED SYMPOSIA

Dams Dams and and Levees Levees Diversity, Equity, Diversity, Equity, and and Inclusion—Words Inclusion—Words Matter Matter Infrastructure Infrastructure and and the the Environment: Environment: Impacts Impacts on on the the Built Built World World Naturally Naturally Occurring Occurring Asbestos Asbestos Subsidence Subsidence Tectonics Tectonics and and Seismicity Seismicity of of the the Walker Walker Lane: Lane: A A Potential Potential Incipient Plate Boundary Tunneling Tunneling Water Water Management Management in in the the Era Era of of Climate-Change-Caused Climate-Change-Caused Megadroughts Megadroughts and and Mega-Floods Mega-Floods Wild Wild Problems Problems with with Geophysics Geophysics Solutions Solutions

3) Some journals and publications are moving to a doubleblind review (author and institution will remain confidential.)

The purpose is to ensure that any bias is eliminated. In addition, wording in publications is being vetted to make sure that DEI is supported.

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AEG NEWS 65(2)

PROPOSED TECHNICAL SESSIONS Coastal Coastal Hazards Hazards Environmental Site Characterization GeoUAS (Drones) Geologic and Seismic Hazards Groundwater Recharge Landslides

Spring 2022

PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE

Restoration of an Urban National Park Service Setting Three Case Studies William Godwin, PG, CEG

Figure 1. Vicinity and geologic map by Blake et al (2000). GGB – Golden Gate Bridge. No scale.

Introduction This paper presents the geologic aspects of recent restoration efforts on National Park Service (NPS) facilities that allow reuse by members of the public in addition to geoscientists. The three case studies presented examine the background and geologic basis for remediation and restoration of infrastructure that provides both historic and current access to these areas. The three cases studies, whose locations are shown in Figure 1, consist of the Point Bonita Lighthouse Bridge replacement, the Baker Beach Disposal Area (BBDA) removal, and the Presidio Parkway replacement of Doyle Drive.

History and Geologic Setting The Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA) is one of the largest urban national parks in the world. Established in 1972 to bring “parks to the people,” GGNRA’s nearly 76,000 acres of land and water extend north of the Golden Gate Bridge to Tomales Bay in Marin County and south to San Mateo County in coastal California. Most of the GGNRA occupies the coastline and was originally developed to support military fortifications and shipping navigation.

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The subject area is located in California’s Coast Ranges geomorphic province, an approximately 500-mile-long series of northwest-trending mountain ranges (2,000 to 6,000 feet elevation) and valleys that generally trend subparallel to the San Andreas Fault. The geomorphology of the Coast Ranges province is controlled predominantly by deformation (faulting, folding, and shearing) associated with subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath the North American Plate and movement between the Pacific and North American Plates along the San Andreas Fault system.

The geology of the Coast Ranges province features several terranes, which are distinct blocks or assemblages of Cretaceous and Jurassic, igneous and sedimentary oceanic rock scraped off the Farallon Plate during its subduction and metamorphosed (or not) to varying degrees. These terranes and associated mélange zones are collectively called the Franciscan Complex.

In the Bay area, the Franciscan Complex is divided into the eastern and the central belts, with the older eastern belt lying structurally higher and being of higher metamorphic grade than the central belt. In Figure 2, William Elder (geologist with the National Park Service) shows that San Francisco and the Marin Headlands contain three of these terranes, from oldest to

AEG NEWS 65(2)

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HEADER HERE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONAL youngest, the Alcatraz, Marin Headlands, and San Bruno Mountain. Separating the terranes are the Hunters Point and City College mélange zones, which are primarily composed of sheared serpentinite and shale with scattered blocks of greenstone, chert, graywacke, and high-grade metamorphic rocks.

Baker Beach Landfill Removal Project (2003–09)

Figure 2. Simplified geologic model by Elder (2001). No scale.

The Presidio of San Francisco was maintained by the United States Army for 200 years before base closure transferred ownership to the National Park Service (NPS) in 1994 and administration to the Presidio Trust (Trust) in 1998. The Trust oversees public infrastructure, restoration and leasing of historic buildings, maintenance and restoration of open spaces and native ecosystems, and clean-up of contaminated Army-era sites.

The Presidio of San Francisco occupies the far northern portion of San Francisco, California and is comprised of steep, seaward facing cliffs to the west and rolling hills that give way to tidal lowlands on the eastern portion that fronts on the San Francisco Bay (see Figure 1). The Baker Beach Disturbed Areas (BBDA) were identified as potential Army-era disposal sites warranting further investigation under the cooperative agreements in place between the Trust and the NPS. Four BBDAs (1, 1A, 2, and 2A) are situated on sea cliffs that are as high as 270 feet (80m) above the beach. Relief varies from vertical bedrock faces at the top of the cliff, typical 1:1 slopes below the cliffs, and 1:2 lower slopes where landslide deposits have accumulated (see Figure 3).

Figure 3. View of Baker Beach cliffs, post remediation 2019

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AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE

Figure 4. Geologic and exploration map of BBDA-1 (MACTEC, 2007).

Basement rocks lie at shallow depths and consist primarily of serpentinite (ultramafic), graywacke sandstone, and lesser amounts of greenstone (altered volcanic), which have been tectonically deformed. Overlying these rocks are younger, unconsolidated or poorly consolidated deposits including the Colma Formation, landslides, dune sands, slope debris and ravine fill (colluvium), beach deposits, and artificial fill. Of particular interest for the project were the artificial fill and the underlying colluvium and landslide deposits, which are nestled amongst historically significant former gun batteries (Marcus Miller and Boutelle) as shown within BBDA-1 in Figure 4.

(TPH) quantified as diesel and fuel oil, and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).

A structural condition survey was performed at four historic Batteries to establish a baseline condition prior to debris removal or slope disturbance. After the initial assessment, slope inclinometers and survey reference points were installed near the structures most likely to be compromised by construction.

Because of the historical significance of the West Battery and Endicott period structures, some of which are partially buried, a detailed trenching program was instituted. Detailed archaeological trenching was performed on the bluff top within the historic architectural fill of the magazines and batteries.

Subsurface Investigation

Construction and Debris Removal

Prior to beginning the subsurface investigation, a Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) was prepared and submitted for approval to the California Department of Toxics and Substance Control (DTSC), the lead regulatory agency. The location of subsurface exploration and sampling points in BBDA-1 are shown in Figure 4.

Twenty-one test pits were excavated by AIS Construction using specialized equipment (Spyder, Model No. S2).

Fifteen soil borings were drilled using standard and limited access drilling rigs. Soil samples were analyzed for: Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs); California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22 metals, Organic Pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

The construction remediation contract was awarded to AIS Construction in 2005. After all permitting and regulatory agreements had been met, the contractor mobilized to the site and began removal activities of debris on the slopes. The contractor used a series of long-reach excavators, Spyder excavators, and conveyors to bring excavation debris fill and surficial soils to the top of the bluff, resulting in a clean rock surface, best shown in Figure 5. A sorting and loading operation was carried out at the bluff top.

The quantity of debris removed was substantially more than estimated with 54,000 cubic yards (cy) removed versus an estimate of 29,400 cy after a conversion from tonnage

Site Geology

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HEADER HERE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONAL Figure 5. View north of removal of debris from BBDA-1 (Photo by A. Henke).

trucked offsite. The project was completed and documented in a construction report (MACTEC, 2008).

Point Bonita Lighthouse Bridge Replacement Project (2011–12) The Point Bonita Lighthouse is located on the Marin Headlands in Marin County and is the third-oldest lighthouse on the West coast. The lighthouse was built in 1855 as a navigational aid for ships traversing the Golden Gate channel. The lighthouse was moved to its current location in 1877, and it is the only lighthouse in America that can be reached only by crossing a suspension bridge, which was designed to be a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge. Prior to 1937, the primary access to the lighthouse was via a pathway and associated hand-dug tunnel, measuring 6 feet high by 4 feet wide and 118 feet in length, along a narrow peninsula as there was no access via the swift Pacific Ocean 124 feet below. Despite two major renovations, half a century of corrosive salt air took its toll on the approach bridge and a replacement was needed by 2010.

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Site Geology According to geologic mapping by HDR (2009), the bluffs surrounding the bridge location are composed of Cretaceous metadiabase, metabasalt, and meta-pillow basalt exhibiting a low degree of metamorphism. The meta-pillow basalts form the base of Point Bonita and can clearly be seen from the bluffs at the site. The metadiabase overlies the meta-pillow basalts and directly underlies the western end of the bridge (Figure 6). Both the western bridge tower and anchor block are founded in the metadiabase. The metadiabase is weathered, hard, and moderately fractured. Wedge failures along fractures produces over-steepened slopes and potentially unstable conditions at the bridge site. A significant slope failure in 1937 led to replacement of the bridge in 1954 by the US Coast Guard.

Rock Stabilization and Replacement Later Investigations determined that the east abutment of the bridge did not appear to pose any imminent rock stability issues and therefore bluff stabilization was not needed in this area. However, the west abutment did

AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE

Figure 7. Completed Point Bonita Lighthouse bridge showing ground anchorage and basalt arch at left PHOTO COURTESY OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

stainless steel anchored SPIDER S4-230 mesh system was installed to stabilize the rock face.

Presidio Parkway Project (2011-15) The Presidio Parkway project is a replacement of Doyle Drive, a 1.6-mile segment of Route 101 in San Francisco that is the southern access to the Golden Gate Bridge (GGB). The GGB connects Marin and San Francisco counties and provides a major regional traffic link between the peninsula and North Bay Area counties. The existing access structure, built in 1936, did not meet current highway standards and was seismically deficient. The new Presidio Parkway is a six-lane facility, which features a high-viaduct between the Park Presidio Interchange and the San Francisco National Cemetery (Presidio Viaduct), shallow cut-and-cover tunnels past the cemetery to Battery Blaney (Battery Tunnels), and cut-and-cover tunnels from the Main Post to east of Halleck Street (Main Post Tunnels).

Site Geology

Figure 6. Lower: view northwest of geology and access to Lighthouse Point by suspension bridge in 2009; Upper: previous pathway at time of 1937 slope failure (photos in HDR, 2009).

require rock stabilization and reinforcement. Along the north side of the western abutment, rock slope failures had occurred and left an unstable overhanging rock mass.

The recommended slope treatment was a high strength stainless steel mesh net with tensioned rock bolts of staggered length and pattern.

Flatiron was the general contractor hired to construct a near-identical replica of the existing bridge. The new structure is a two-hinged suspension bridge with asymmetrical straight backstays. The replacement bridge has a 156-foot main span with a 55-foot approach span on the west side and a 33-foot approach span on the east side. A Geobrugg Spring 2022

The project extends through variable terrain that includes Franciscan bedrock of mélange, sandstone and colluvium in the higher elevations and a complex sequence of old fill, dune and marsh deposits, and old bay clay along the lower elevations.

This project was adjacent to Crissy Field, part of an extensive 127-acre backdune marsh that drained Tennessee Hollow watershed to San Francisco Bay. Over many decades and culminating with preparations for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, the marsh was filled, and the resulting land was used by the United States military (WLA, 2000) (see Figure 8). From 1997–2000, forty acres of natural habitat were restored including an 18-acre tidal marsh and twenty-two acres of dune and dune swale habitat (see Figure 9). These deposits are all subject to liquefaction and severe ground motion in a large earthquake from the nearby San Andreas and Hayward fault zones.

Construction A public-private partnership was established to design and construct this project, led by the Kiewit/Flatiron/HNTB design-build team. One key design requirement for the low lying areas was the

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HEADER HERE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONAL

Figure 8. In 1935, Doyle Drive was under construction and would divide the Main Post in the park and Crissy Field, which was then an Army airstrip.

IMAGE COURTESY NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION.

Figure 10. Riato CDSM drill rigs working areas for new interchange with Palace of Fine Arts in background PHOTO BY W. GODWIN

References Figure 9. Presidio Parkway under construction, view south with new Main Post Tunnels at right and Low Causeway at left.

need for ground improvement of the liquefiable soils. A Cement Deep Soil Mixing (CDSM) method was implemented to provide a stable base for both at grade design elements in addition to deeper foundations (Chen et all, 2014) as shown in Figure 10.

Cut-and-cover tunnel foundations were prepared on the bluff tops underlain by weathered Franciscan bedrock. Foundations for the high viaducts were 9-foot-diameter bored shafts that in certain cases extended more than 200 feet below grade, as shown in Figure 11.

Conclusions Access to historically significant structures and complex geologic terrain within an urban setting of National Park Service land was enhanced by investments in new infrastructure and restoration of existing infrastructure. These investments allow the public to interpret geologic highlights of the GGNRA in an environment that has had a significant reduction in toxic compounds and seismic risk.

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Blake, M.C., Jr., Graymer, R.W., and Jones, D.L., 2000, Geologic map and map database of parts of Marin, San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, and Sonoma Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies, MF-2337, v. 1.0.

Chen, Wei-Yu, Bro, Andrew, Vahdani, Shahriar, and Herlache, Andrew, 2014, Drilled pier foundation with ground improvement using cement deep soil mixing for highway bridges, in Proceedings, DFI/EFFC 11th International Conference on Piling and Deep Foundations, Stockholm, Sweden.

Elder, W.P., 2001, Geology of the Golden Gate Headlands, in Stoffer, P.W., and Gordon, L.C., eds., Geology and Natural History of the San Francisco Bay Area; a 2001 National Association of Geoscience Teachers Field-Trip Guidebook: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2188, chapter 3, p. 61-86.

Fugro Consultants, Inc., February 6 2012, Final Geotechnical Design Report, Presidio Parkway Project, San Francisco, California, 04-SF-101, 1, Post Miles 8.2/9.8, 6.9/7.1, Contract Number 04-1637U4, prepared for HNTB Corporation.

HDR Engineering, Inc., November 2009, Point Bonita Lighthouse Suspension Bridge, Trail and Access Road, Coastal Erosion Study Report. CA NPS GOGA 433 (1), prepared for Federal Highway Administration, Central Federal Lands Highway Division (CFLHD).

MACTEC Engineering & Construction, Inc., December 2008, Construction Completion Report, Baker Beach Disturbed Areas 1 and 2A Landfill Removal, Presidio of San Francisco, California, prepared for The Presidio Trust. _____, July 2007, Final Remedial Design Document and Remedial Action Work Plan, Baker Beach Disturbed Areas 1 and 2A, Presidio of San Francisco, California.

AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Figure 11. 200-foot-long reinforcing cage being set in 9-foot-diameter drilled shaft for northbound high viaduct PHOTO BY W. GODWIN

Schlocker, Julius, 1974, Geology of the San Francisco North Quadrangle, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 782, 109 p., scale 1:24,000.

William Lettis & Associates, Inc., May 10, 2000, Geomorphic Characterization of Prehistoric Environments at Crissy Field, San Francisco, California, prepared for Holman & Associates.

About the Author

o t x e Indvertisers Ad

William Godwin, PG, CEG is a Californiabased consulting geologist. He had direct contributions to the BBDA Removal site characterization while working at MACTEC and the Presidio Parkway construction while employed at Fugro, the geotechnical consultant on the Design-Build team. Godwin is a Past President of AEG.

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AEG NEWS 65(2)

AEG Corporate Sponsor Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 AEG E&EG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Geobrugg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Life-of-Mine Geoscience Virtual Sympposium . .29 Scintrex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 University of Arizona . . . . . . . . .Inside Back Cover UPenn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Back Cover AEG 2022 Annual Meeting . . . .Inside Front Cover AEG 2023 Annual Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

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Call for Case Histories,Technical Notes, and Research Papers

Environmental & Engineering Geoscience (E&EG) The Journal of the Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists and the Geological Society of America

Why Publish in E&EG? ◆ To reach more than 20,000 engineering geology professionals. ◆ To give your work visibility among other researchers in your field. ◆ To keep the body of knowledge current. ◆ To make your work accessible to a wider audience. ◆ To make your work more discoverable through on-line search engines. ◆ To take advantage of the new Open Access feature. ◆ To become eligible for the AEG Publications Award presented annually to the person or persons responsible for the most outstanding paper published in Environmental & Engineering Geoscience.

Instructions for Authors are in the Style Guide: https://aeg.memberclicks.net/assets/EEG/E%26EG%20Style%20Guide%20Jan%202022.pdf Instructions for Submitting Files: https://www.editorialmanager.com/eeg If you have questions, please contact a Co-Editor: Abdul Shakoor (ashakoor@kent.edu) or Eric Peterson (ewpeter@ilstu.edu).

PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE

Field Work at the Gateway Arch Visitor Center Improvements Luke Ducey, Geotechnology

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very day is different in the life of a geologist. At Geotechnology, I have found myself drilling in a cornfield, inside of a warehouse, on a golf course, on a barge, working on massive skyscraper projects, working on the airport runway, and even working under the “Gateway to the West” on a National Park project. Geotechnology provided environmental, geotechnical and construction material testing for a new Visitor Center under the Gateway Arch from the summer of 2015 to the fall of 2016.

Geotechnology was responsible for the drilled pier observations for the new Visitor Center project along with other services.

When drilling piers, a lot of material is brought up to ground surface when getting down to your required depth and rock socket.

With all the drilling activities and being in downtown St. Louis, along the riverfront, we encountered many old brick building foundations, granite cobble roads, timber, animal bones, bottles, and we were even lucky enough to find to find a horseshoe!

St. Louis is known for its karst topography, sinkholes, and nice competent limestone. When drilling piers, it’s best to do some preliminary drilling on the site to know what you will

ABOVE: A foggy morning at the Gateway Arch Visitor Center jobsite AT LEFT: Work in the excavation for the new Visitor Center under the Gateway Arch.

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HEADER HERE CONTRIBUTIONS PROFESSIONAL

Work progressing on the Visitor Center under the Gateway Arch.

encounter and have a good basis for deciding the stopping point and meeting your skin friction and required rock socket for the load.

Working on this project never got old because this is a national landmark that everyone knows and recognizes as St. Louis, Missouri, and the Midwest. Being onsite everyday was awesome because the project featured a lot of moving parts. Each day the building and structure would come together with each form laid down, rebar placed, and concrete slab poured.

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ABOVE: A rock socket with a hole from an exploratory boring inside of it.

FAR LEFT: Testing indicated this bone, found during drilling, belonged to a cow.

AEG NEWS 65(2)

Spring 2022

PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS HEADER HERE

A rock socket from a drilled pier under the Gateway Arch Visitor Center.

Sunrise in St. Louis under the Gateway Arch.

“I attempted to walk about among these simmering vents, and broke through to my knees, covering myself with the hot mud, to my great pain and subsequent inconvenience.”

Ferdinand V. Hayden, 1872 A horseshoe found during drilling activities.

Share YOUR National Park Experience with AEG News In observance of Yellowstone National Park’s sesquicentennial year, AEG News welcomes articles relating your experience (hopefully, less painful than Hayden’s mud vent experience at Yellowstone) on research and engineering geology projects carried out in National Parks.

For details on submitting articles to AEG News, please visit: https://www.aegweb.org/aeg-news-2

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HEADER FIELD TRIPS HERE

Field Trip to Herbert Hoover Dike, Florida

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Heather Clark

he field trip occurred during the USSD/AEG Specialty Geotechnical Workshop for Dam and Levee Investigations and Modifications, held December 6–8, 2021, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The field trip featured a tour of ongoing cutoff wall construction efforts at Herbert Hoover Dike (HHD). HHD is an earthen embankment dam that surrounds Lake Okeechobee, the heart of the Kissimmee-OkeechobeeEverglades System. The project reduces impacts from flooding because of high lake levels for a large area of south Florida.

The embankment is low head but maintains a near permanent head on the southern reaches of the lake. The dike has historically suffered from occasions of backwards erosion piping during abnormally high lake levels, requiring extensive inspection and emergency intervention to prevent progression of these potential failure modes under such loading conditions.

Construction work in progress at HHD includes construction of a soil cement bentonite cutoff wall, designed to cutoff pipeable sand layers in the embankment and shallow foundation strata.

The field trip was led by John Kendall, a Senior Geotechnical Engineer with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Jacksonville District. John has been with USACE since 2009, after

working as a geotechnical engineer for about ten years in private industry in Jacksonville. With USACE, John has served as Lead Geotechnical Engineer for the HHD rehabilitation project, responsible for completing geotechnical design and engineering during construction for numerous water control structures and several miles of cutoff wall at the project. John also served as one of the technical experts that completed the potential failure mode analysis and risk assessment for HHD and was one of the primary engineers on the HHD Dam Safety Modification Study (which identified all actionable potential failure modes for the 150-mile-long embankment dam and provides authority for approximately thirty miles of additional cut-off wall). Most recently, John has been serving as the lead engineer for the Jacksonville district National Risk Cadre. In this role, Kendall is responsible for a diverse team of engineers that evaluates risk on USACE dams and levees nationwide. Projects have ranged from qualitative risk assessment of feasibility designs, semiquantitative risk assessment of existing levees and dams, to quantitative risk assessment and modification studies. Kendall has experience in a diverse range of project sites and geology, with project locations ranging from California to Puerto Rico.

PHOTOS BY JOHN KENDALL

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FIELD TRIPS

Fossil Ridge and The Great Unconformity

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Southern Nevada Chapter

he Southern Nevada Chapter enjoyed two field trips early this year. On January 22, Southern Nevada Chapter Vice Chair Dr. Nick Saines led a field trip to Fossil Ridge in Red Rock Canyon to see Triassic channels cut into Permian limestone and end-Permian fossils.

The Chapter then visited the Great Unconformity at the base of Frenchman Mountain in Las Vegas, on February 12.

UNV PhD student and AEG Student Chapter Chair Deborah Morales shared photos from both field trips.

Red Rock Canyon

UNLV PhD student and Student Chapter Vice Chair Audrey Warren discusses brachiopod fossils with the group.

The Fossil Ridge trip begins with some hiking up the mountain side.

Triassic channels cut into Permian limestone on the side of the canyon.

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A sponge fossil from before the end-Permian mass extinction.

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The first stop featured a discussion of the stratigraphy of Red Rock Canyon.

The Great Unconformity

Dr. Steve Rowland discusses the tectonic history and stratigraphy related to the Great Unconformity at the base of Frenchman Mountain in Las Vegas, NV. The Great Unconformity (pictured behind Dr. Rowland) shows 1.7-billion-year-old Precambrian granite and schist (Vishnu Basement) on the right, and the 500-m-yr-old Tapeats Sandstone on the left.

PICTURE COURTESY OF DR. JERRY KING

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FIELD TRIPS

AT RIGHT: Visiting an overlook on the Las Vegas Valley Shear Zone.

BELOW: After a short hike up the ridge, Dr. Steve Rowland reviews the history of the Great Unconformity Interpretive Site, and how the co-occurrence of glauconite and arenicolites trace fossils in the Tapeats Sandstone suggests deposition under shallow marine conditions, where intense continental weathering resulted in water chemistry changes that allowed the formation of glauconite.

ABOVE: Deborah Morales, the Student Chapter Chair and Student Liaison, at a roadcut showing the Frenchman Mountain Fault—an 18-km-long, N–S trending, low-angle normal fault capable of producing a 6.9 magnitude earthquake.

PICTURE COURTESY OF PHD CANDIDATE AND UNLV STUDENT CHAPTER VICE CHAIR, AUDREY WARREN

AT LEFT: The group enjoyed a lunch stop on Miocene rock avalanche deposits at Rainbow Gardens while Dr. Steve Rowland explained the relationship between the deposits and the area’s extensional tectonic history.

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The Role of Geoscience in Mine Site Regulation, Running, Rehabilitation, Repurposing, Retirement, and Reclamation Virtual Symposium — November 14–17, 2022 Registration Will Open Soon! https://www.minesymposium.org The International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM), which includes the world’s largest mining houses and many leading mining companies as part of its membership, has long recognized that economic growth should never be at the expense of people or the planet. In 2003, ICMM published its 10 Principles for sustainable development for mining to set a standard of ethical performance in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. These ICMM mining principles cover all aspects of mining operations throughout the life-of-mine cycle.

In line with these principles, and cognizant of the value of geoscience in helping deliver and meet sustainable mining performance goals, AEG, the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, and the American Society of Reclamation Science is convening this online symposium over four half-days in November, 2022. Life-of-Mine activities cover everything from mine feasibility planning through to closure, with geoscience contributing practical assistance to the lifeof-mine site key activities to sustain the mine and leave an acceptable legacy—the 6Rs: “Regulation, Running, Rehabilitation, Repurposing, Retirement and Reclamation.” Customized geoscience workflows contribute through implementation of the 4Ms: “Mapping, Monitoring, Modelling and Management.”

The symposium plans to cover this broad sweep with presentations on state-of-the-art aspects of principles, methodologies and case histories of the role of geoscience to assist and facilitate mine engineering, environmental, geotechnical, water and soil management, and regulatory approaches. The aim is to demonstrate the contribution of integrated geoscience to responsible progressive mine operation and monitoring, ore-winning optimization and waste limitation, rehabilitation, repurposing of historical mines (e.g., reprocessing of mine wastes for critical minerals) and closure and reclamation planning and implementation.

e h t e 2023 v a S Date AEG Annual Meeting Portland Marriott Downtown Waterfront – Portland, Oregon September 19–24 The In-Person AEG 2020 Annual Meeting has been rescheduled for 2023. Portland, Oregon’s largest city, sits on the Columbia and Willamette rivers, in the shadow of snow-capped Mount Hood. It’s known for its parks, bridges, and bicycle paths, as well as for its eco-friendliness and its microbreweries and coffeehouses. The city hosts thriving art, theater, and music scenes.

Surrounded by Portland hot spots, the Marriott Portland Downtown Waterfront hotel reflects the vibrancy of the city and is located directly on the waterfront in downtown, surrounded by more than 60 breweries. Wind down with friends by sampling some of the 150 types of whiskey at their on-site restaurant, Proof Reader. The hotel even helps you go green with complimentary car-charging stations, biodegradable straws and easy access to light rail from the nearby Morrison Subway Station. At night, retire to elevated guest rooms with 24-hour room service, waterfall showers, free Wi-Fi, premium channels and views of Portland. Don’t miss all of the exciting Field Courses, Guest Tours and the Special Event at the Oswago Hills Vineyard planned for this incredible Annual Meeting.

t n o r f e m o H e h T Nashville Chapter HEADER HERE

HEADER HERE

Caitlan N. Howard, GIT, Chapter Secretary We continue our efforts to provide informative presentations, coordinate yearly field trips, provide networking opportunities for our members, pursue funding for the Chapter, and recruit members from throughout the professional geologic community. We were pleased to have Richard Wooten as our featured speaker for our November Seminar hosted on Zoom. His Richard H. Jahns Distinguished Lecturer Series Presentation topic was Going Against the Grain: Linking Brittle Cross-Structures with Landslides, Hydrogeology, and Earthquakes in the North Carolina Blue Ridge and Piedmont. Wooten’s forty years of experience in his profession showed during his presentation, and the announcement of this lecture led to a spike in attendance from members of our Austin Peay State University Student Chapter.

The AEG Nashville Chapter fall field trip was held On October 2–3, 2021, at the Hamilton Valley Cave Research Center and Onyx Cave. We wish to thank Dr. Chris Groves of Western Kentucky University for volunteering to lead the cave tour that evening and for giving us several great lectures on the research being conducted by the Crawford Hydrology Lab and WKU at stops throughout the cave. Several WKU geology students were in attendance and assisted with the tour. The evening included presentations on karst given by Maggie Brosky of WKU and Bruce Rogers. A big thanks to Dr. Pat Kambesis of the Cave Research Foundation for the use of the research center facilities.

We held an in-person holiday social at the Bavarian Bierhaus in Nashville on December 11, 2021. It provided our members the opportunity to connect with their local AEG cohorts and share ideas about content and events for the coming year with our officers. A few of our younger members expressed an interest in a virtual ASBOG study group, and other members

Fluorescent minerals observed with black light

AEG Nashville members touring Onyx Cave during the October 2021 field trip

Dr. Chris Groves explaining differential weathering in Onyx Cave

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Gypsum flowers observed in Onyx Cave AEG NEWS 65(2)

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THE HOMEFRONT discussed the possibility of a field trip to a local mine with the Environmental Health & Safety Manager of a mining company.

Chapter Chair Katherine Clifton has secured additional funding through sponsors for our Chapter. Our Chapter Sponsors are AEG Past President Bill Paris, Waypoint Analytical, and Envirowerks LLC, at the Titanium Level; Barge Design Solutions at the Gold Level; and Geotech Environmental Equipment Inc. and TTL at the Silver Level. Our local Student Chapters, members, and programming for FY 2022 will reap the benefits from these additional funds.

We continued our educational outreach activities with a student presentation competition on February 24, 2022, which provided geology students from regional universities to gain valuable experience sharing their research in a professional forum. Our meeting on March 18, 2022, featured a presentation by our Treasurer, Mark Elson, entitled Sonic Drilling on Embankment Dams and Levees.

Later in the spring when pandemic conditions allow, Caitlan Howard, the Young Professional Outreach Chair and Secretary, will hold in-person career development meetings at some of the universities within our region. We have purchased learning supplies for our K–12 Educational Outreach Chair, Bruce Rogers, to provide to the Pine Mountain Settlement School and Leslie County Middle School. Bruce has developed some in-person lectures for those schools and will be establishing a geological sciences lab for them using materials that have been donated by our Chapter members.

The Nashville Chapter is looking forward to a very active year in 2022 and appreciate the support of the AEG Regional Directors and our sponsors who make our outreach programs possible.

untreated wastewater entering streams and difficulties with existing tracers. Optical brighteners, which are present in paper products and detergents, were examined as a low-cost alternative with few interferences from other sources that can also be tested while in the field. Carly’s results indicated that optical brighteners show promise as a robust tracer that correlated with wastewater infrastructure frequency and are a useful field screening tool that can be used to identify areas for further investigation of wastewater leaks.

Teresa Baraza spoke about Quantifying Microplastic Debris Transport and Sourcing for a Karstic Cave System. Teresa discussed microplastic (<5mm) transport in groundwater as an understudied area, including in karstic systems and cave ecosystems. Water sampling and in-situ monitoring were performed at the outlet of a cave with an urban catchment area that showed a fast flood response to rainfall. Teresa found that microplastics were present in most samples, and microplastic transport increased during high flow events, especially after longer periods of dry weather.

AEG St. Louis Chapter/Geotechnology Biannual Student Workshop Every two years, the St. Louis Chapter of AEG partners with Geotechnology in St. Louis, Missouri, to hold the Biannual Student Workshop. The Student Workshop is an opportunity for students to get a taste of what field work looks like while they are still in school. I attended the workshop when I was a PHOTOGRAPHS BY DUANE KRUEGER AND LUKE DUCEY, BOTH OF GEOTECHNOLOGY

Ryan Smith and Keith Armon teach drilling methods and safety.

St. Louis Chapter Jessie Goodwin, Chapter Editor The St. Louis Chapter was excited to hold events in person in November and December of 2021!

Dr. Bob Criss of Washington University presented at the St. Louis Chapter’s first in-person meeting in more than a year on November 10, 2021. In his presentation entitled Urban Flooding, Dr. Criss discussed the scale dependence of floods, showed data-based inundation mapping work, and presented a rainfall-runoff model that describes basin-level timescales for flooding. Dr. Criss emphasized both the impacts of human intervention on flash flooding and the human impact of the floods, from homes damaged to lives lost. The recommendations that Dr. Criss presented included additional research and management of storm water that delays or diverts waters from urban streams prone to flash flooding, as well as recognizing the effects of channelization and other floodplain developments.

On December 8, 2021, two graduate students in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department at St. Louis University presented their research to the St. Louis Chapter.

Carly Finegan’s talk, Using Low-Cost Measurements of Optical Brighteners for Rapid, In-Situ Reconnaissance of Wastewater Inputs to a Water Resource, explored the issue of Spring 2022

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THE HOMEFRONT

Students learn about GPR. A pipe is buried in the Geotechnology yard to use for demonstrations of the GPR technology.

Dr. Eugene Torgashov and Tim Wilson show geophysical equipment.

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David Forseth demonstrates laboratory equipment in the soils laboratory.

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THE HOMEFRONT

Jessie Goodwin shows environmental sampling methods at a groundwater well installed in the Geotechnology yard.

student and found it very valuable. I am now Chapter Chair of the St. Louis Chapter and a Senior Engineer with Geotechnology, and I am excited to be able to provide this opportunity to current students.

The most recent workshop was held on October 23, 2021.

Twenty-seven students from four local universities came to the Geotechnology headquarters to spend their Saturday learning about field work. Students rotated between four stations: geophysics, soils laboratory, drilling, and environmental sampling.

This workshop was sponsored by Teklab, Inc., of Collinsville, Illinois, who have been on our workshop team for many years.

They also supplied sampling containers for the environmental sampling station.

Dr. Eugene Torgashov and Tim Wilson showed students geophysical methods such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), radio frequency locating instruments, seismic (multichannel analysis of surface waves), and electrical resistivity tomography. Students had the chance to push a ground-penetrating radar receiver and look at real-time data on rebar in concrete.

David Forseth taught students about what happens in a soils laboratory, from sieves to Atterbergs. Students had an opportunity to see how Shelby tube samples are extruded and prepared for testing.

Luke Ducey teamed up with Ryan Smith and Keith Armon to show students what it looks like behind a working drill rig.

Students saw standard penetration tests, Shelby tubes, and hollow-stem auger drilling, while learning about drilling methods, logging soils, and safety around the rig.

Jessie Goodwin talked to students about environmental soil and groundwater sampling and testing at a monitoring well at Geotechnology’s headquarters. Students had a chance to bail water from a well, bottle-up a groundwater sample, and learn about the importance of safety when working with contaminants.

Our group leaders kept our day running on schedule and helped our students get to each station. Duane Kreuger, Dr. Anna Saindon, Bob Haefner, Sean Garcia of Geotechnology, and Dr. David Rogers of Missouri S&T kept the student groups on track through the day.

The Student Workshop looked a little different this time with masks, social distancing, and the “meeting room” set up in the The “meeting room” for this workshop was the drill shop with the bay doors open, giving school groups room to space themselves out.

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THE HOMEFRONT drill shop with the bay doors open, but just like with field work, we found a way to make it happen. The St. Louis Chapter is grateful to our volunteers, Teklab, and Geotechnology for continuing this tradition, and to the students who came to the event, which is what makes it a success.

Texas Chapter Marie Garsjo, Chapter Member

Cynthia Palomares Feted by Texas Chapter Members of the Texas Chapter gathered Saturday, March 12, 2022, to celebrate Cynthia Palomares, AEG’s 2019–20 President. The evening was sponsored by Bob Traylor, a longstanding Texas Chapter member, and held at Maggiano’s Little Italy in Houston. During Cynthia’s term as President, Covid overtook the nation. She led us through all the difficulties of that strange year, keeping our membership numbers steady, and hosting AEG’s first virtual Annual Meeting. We appreciate her hard and diligent work, and we recognize that she was unable to enjoy some of the benefits that go along with serving as AEG President such as presiding over the Annual Meeting in person, which was to have been in Portland—giving all those speeches, hosting the President’s Reception, and in general networking with us all.

We did our best to make up for that with great company, great food, great wine, and, of course, speeches. We appreciate her continual promotion of AEG, her consummate professionalism, and her many years of hard work for both the Texas Chapter and national association.

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