What Do You Mean By Ray Optics Class 12?

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FORMULABOOKLETPHYSICSCLASS12

CHAPTERRAYOPTICS

PhysicsFormulas

Ray Optics

Inoptics,therayisageometriclightmodelobtainedbyselectingaraisedcurvein thewavefrontofactuallightthatindicateswheretheenergyisflowing.Raysare usedtomodellightpropagationthroughthevisualoropticalsystembydividing thefieldofreallightintodirectraysthatarenottransmittedthroughasystemwith raytracingtechniques.Thisallowsevenmorecomplexopticalsystemstobe analyzedorsimulatedbycomputer

RaytracingusesMaxwell'sequation,whichisvalidaslongasthelightwavesare wavesthatpropagatearoundobjectsthataremuchlargerthanthelight wavelength Rayopticsorgeometricalopticsdonotdefinediractionevents, whichrequirewaveOpticstheory Otherwaveeventssuchasinterferencecanbe modeledinmoderateconditionsbyaddingaphasetotheraymodel

Definition

Thelightrayisalinestraighttothefrontlightwaves;itstangentiscollinearwith thevectorofwaves Lightraysinhomogeneousmediaarestraightforward They bendattheinterfacebetweentwodierentmediaandmayturnatthepointwhere therefractiveindexchanges Geometricopticsdescribeshowradiationis transmittedthroughthevisualsystem Theobjectstobeimagedareconsideredas collectionsofindependentpointsources,eachofwhichproducescircularfront wavesandcorrespondingexternalrays Radiationfromeachareacanbe transmittedmathematicallytoobtainacorrespondingpointintheimage

HowtoMakeanimageWithaLens?

Therealimageofthebodyplacedbetween2fandffromtheconvexlenscanbe capturedonascreenplacedintheimageareaevenifthescreenisremoved The screenseparatesraysfromanobjectintoanimageintheskyandthendeviates Lasershowprojectionisanexcellentexampleofthis

WhatarethefeaturesofWhitelight?

Imageformationrequiresregularrefraction/reflection Radiationgeneratedinone locationisexpectedtoreachthesameimagelocation That’swhycertainthings likeabookpagedon’tproduceanimage

Whataretheusesofthelens?

Inthecaseofmyopia,theimageisfocusedonaretinathatcanberepairedwith thehelpofadefectivelens Inthecaseofhypermetropia,theimagefocusesonthe othersideoftheretina,whichcanbecorrectedwiththehelpofaflexiblelens A typeofcylindricallensisusedtocorrectastigmatism

Totalintervalrefraction

Criticalangle,

RelatedLink

Chapter WaveMotion Chapter ThermoElectricity Chapter SemiConductor Devices Chapter RayOptics Chapter Nuclear Physics Chapter Magnetism Chapter Optics Chapter Atomic Physics Chapter Capacitance Chapter Communication Chapter CurrentElectricity Chapter Electromagnetic Induction

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Len'smakerformula

FromSnell’sLaw

i=angleofincidence r=angleofrefraction d=i–r=angleofdeviation

Denser→rarermedium

Lightbendsawayfromnormal(d=r i) Rarer→densermedium

Lightbendstowardsnormal(d=i-r) μ =refractiveindexof2mediumwrt1 μ =refractiveindexof2medium

Norefraction iflightisincidentnormallyonboundary refractiveindexof1 medium=refractiveindexof2medium

Whenlightrayundergoesrefraction,thereisachangeinitsvelocityand wavelengthbutfrequencyofthelightdoesnotchange V –velocityoflightin1medium V –velocityoflightin2medium λ wavelengthoflightin1medium λ wavelengthoflightin2medium

RealandApparentDepths

Duetorefraction,depthofanopticallydensermediumappearstobelessthanits realdepth

Prismformula
Where,V –velocityoflightin1medium V –velocityoflightin2medium μvaluedependscolour(wavelength)oflight μmaximumforvioletandminimumforred
Considertwomediaaandb,suchthat 1 2 1 st 1 2 1 2 1 2

Criticalangle

Lighttravelsfromdensertorarermedium

Angleofrefractioninrarermediumis90°

Emergentraypassesalongthesurfaceofseparation

Ifangleofincidenceindensermediumisgreaterthanitscriticalangle,the lightgetsreflectedbackintosamemedium Thisphenomenoniscalledtotal internalreflection

Examples

Sparklingofadiamondisduetototalinternalreflection Mirageinhotareasandloomingincoldareasisduetototalinternalreflection Opticalfibreworksontheprincipleoftotalinternalreflection

RefractionatSphericalsurfaces

AcademicteamofPhysicsWallahpreparedshortnotesandallimportantPhysics formulasandbulletpointsofchapterRayOpticsformulasheet(class 12Physics) RelatedTopics ImportantQuestionsofRayOptics OnlineTestforclass12 DownloadthePdfofclass12formulabookletphysicsofchapterRayOpticsfrom thelinkgivenbelow 1 2 1 2
Whenlightgoesfromrarertodensermediumthroughasphericalsurfacehaving radiusofcurvatureR Wehaverelation Wheren andn arerefractiveindicesofrareranddensermediumrespectively (ien <n )distanceoftheobjectfromthepoleisuandthatoftheimageisv
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