Theoreticum Halle

Adriano BDR

Theoreticum Halle Theoreticum for the Medical Faculty Martin-Luther-University at the Weinberg Campus in Halle

Dessau International Architecture School Anhalt University | 2020/2021

Adriano BDR

Theoreticum Halle Theoreticum for the Medical Faculty Martin-Luther-University at the Weinberg Campus in Halle

Master Thesis Project 2020/2021 Adriano Borges Dantas Rodrigues Primary Advisor: Prof. Ralf Niebergall Second Advisor: Prof. Johannes Kister

Dessau International Architecture School Anhalt University | 2020/2021

Contents.

7 Introduction.

Challenges and goals for the design of the university of the future.

11 Case Studies.

An Analysis of the Heidelberg University School of Medicine.

Contemporary Designs of Medical Schools and University Campus: An Overlook on Design Process and Materials.

23 The Site.

Brief history and facilities at the Weinberg Campus.

29 The Master Plan.

Weinberg 2030

35 Design Process.

71 Conclusion.

72 Bibliography.

Introduction.

Challenges and goals for the design of the university of the future.

2020 is the year that it will be mention in the books for many generations ahead as the year that changed learning schemes worldwide. This was already a trend and in a short time, has proved to be a necessity overnight. With the physical closure of educational institutions due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus. Teachers, schools and universities around the world were challenged to continue the teaching-learning process through digital platforms. More than recording video lessons, educators were encouraged to maintain the link with their students and promote social interaction as much as possible through digital methods.

Taking into account this new way of learning, the question remains: what the university campus of the future should be like?

This thesis design tries to answer this question with the development of an extension of the existing Weinberg Campus in Halle to accommodate the future medical students and researchers of the Martin Luther University in cooperation with the Universitätsklinikum. The goal is to be the leading educational institute for medical professionals in Germany, with an innovative design and distant from current and outdated design principles still in use in such kind of facilities in Europe and more importantly, a campus where this new trends, such as online learning can be optimized without losing the human interaction we all need to developt our character. So necessary to be a professional in the medical field.

Picture 1: (Hochschule Anhalt, 2020).

The lined chairs, in a typical classroom, will give way to more organic spaces. The students will become more and more protagonists of their learning and will take a more active role in the learning process. The university campus of the future is designed to be that place of connection between theory and practice focusing on the personal students’ characteristics and their immersion in electronic devices, social networks, mobility, co-creation, connectivity and access to cutting-edge technologies that are important aspects of this generation.

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„In the past, the purpose of a building has generally been clear from the outset (a hospital is a hospital; a cinema is a cinema), but in tomorrow’s world, architects must design for agility, with a human-centred approach, to ensure developments are resilient.“ (Goh, 2021) In other words, flexibility is the key along design thinking is the main aspect for design the buildings of the future. „Such as the kind needed to turn a redundant textile mill into a start-up incubator, create a hospital with offices that can transform into operating theatres or develop a data centre with capabilities not seen before in the market.“ (Goh, 2021)

Picture 2: (Weinberg Campus Technology Park ,2021) 8

„All of which means that in the near term, our university campus designs will be a hybrid of our familiar campus and new (or re-purposed) spaces for different uses. New education facilities will be designed with better versatility to accommodate flexibility of usages. This will allow them to adapt when needed and incorporate the modern technology that is growing in importance in education. More breakout areas will allow students to collaborate, but most likely in smaller groups.“ (Goh, 2021) This thesis design outcome showcases the new Medical campus at Halle University, planning to be built from 2022 to 2030. The costs are not defined, as the administration and the city can finance the best and the most innovative ideas to put Halle as the main spot for medical students in Germany. The site is mostly surrounded by greenery and a variety of existing educational facilities on the Weinberg Campus. Therefore, we can describe the target of the project consisting of medical faculty members, doctors that work in the hospital and teach at the university, academic staff, and medical students. In a design that embraces the importance of human interaction in an innovative academic environment that is adapted to its needs.

This new Theoreticum can be the source of inspiration for others campuses to be build or adapt while the challenges of the 2020 global pandemic still fresh on our minds and we can design new trends without going back in the past to avoid problems in the future.

Picture 3: New Teoreticum (Author, 2021)

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Case Studies.

An Analysis of the Heidelberg University School of Medicine

Picture 4: Heidelberg Campus. (Stadtblatt Sonderbeilage, 2019)

Described as “A Tradition for the Future” the Heidelberg University School of Medicine has two medical campuses, Heidelberg and Mannheim. Both are considered the leading medical school in Germany and an example of modernity and tradition since its foundation in 1388, making it the oldest in Germany.

It is one of the internationally renowned biomedical research institutions in Europe along with other 22 institutes maintaining a close relationship to the University Hospital Heidelberg.

One of the main aspects that make Heidelberg Campus so efficient is its location, with close connections with the University Hospital undoubtedly brings efficiency and reduces the mobility issues between theory

and practice to zero. This advantage of the new Theoreticum in Halle is already a reality, as the university hospital is less than 10 minutes’ walk from the proposed new campus.

However, the Heidelberg campus can be defined as a victim of its success after centuries of growth and the foundation of important research centres, several different departments and new buildings were built and others extended to host new functions.

Halle can learn from that and avoid such issue with a master plan in which can take into account the total size Heidelberg has today, putting into account all institutes and departments and apply it onto Wienberg Campus.

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Learning from this strong research environment we can look at some important institutes and departments at Heidelberg for further analysis.

Max Planck Institute for Medical Research.

With approximately 13,600 square meters located just outside the campus, 700m distance from the central Mensa and 1300m from the university hospital.

This facility develops tools for „biomedical research which could lead to new knowledge, insights and medical advances (...) to advance medical research through the collaboration of physiology, biology, physics and chemistry under one roof“ and „currently consists of four departments and seven additional independent research groups.“ (Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 2021)

Picture 5: Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (2021).

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This institute can be divided mainly into three parts. The most important one is the „Scientific Facilities“ where it embodies facilities for cell biology, mass spectrometry, optical microscopy and proteins labs. The other two are „Central Services“ (building project coordinator, glass and media kitchen, IT services, library, Max Planck House, public relations office, workshops) and „Management & Administration“ (offices, building and general services).

German Cancer Research Center.

The DKFZ is the largest biomedical research institute in Germany, with more than 3,000 employees of which more than 1,200 are scientists investigating the mechanisms of cancer. Has over 90 departments and research groups, six Research Programs divided into six core facilities. All those facilities are allocated in approximately 49,000 square meters located inside the campus just next to the Central Mensa and 750m from the university hospital.

Picture 6: DKFZ-Hauptgebäude (T. Schwerdt, 2012)

European Molecular Biology Laboratory “The EMBL is one of the world’s leading research institutions, and Europe’s flagship laboratory for the life sciences” (European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 2021) and is located 8km from Central Mensa in a park outside Heidelberg. This institute is the largest off-campus and occupies an area of 50,000 square meters with several buildings and services for its 800 employees across five research units.

Biochemistry Center The BZH “unites the activities in biochemical research with teaching of the faculties Biology, Chemistry and Medicine at the University of Heidelberg.” Annually, more than 1000 students receive theoretical training in chemistry, biology Medicine and “offers state-of-the-art core facilities to support researchers with advanced methodologies such as mass spectrometry and high content protein crystallization. These infrastructure measures are shared with other institutes on campus and are available to all researchers of the life sciences at Heidelberg University.”

(Heidelberg University, 2021)

Picture 7: Aerial view of EMBL Heidelberg (Arendt Group, 2004)

Picture 8: Biochemistry Center (BZH, 2021)

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Facilities Diagram at Heidelberg University - Medical School

Institute of Medical History and Ethics

Biochemistry Center (BZH)

Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH)

Institute of Human Genetics

Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology

Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology

Institute of Hygiene

Institute of Immunology and Serology

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National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT)

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Clinics Independent Institutes Independent Centers of Research Heidelberg Institutes and Centers of Research

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Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics Institute for Public Health

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Coordination Center for Clinical Trials Heidelberg (KKS)

Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPI)

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Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine

By all counts, it can be seen that the institutes need greater independence, this means that they must operate almost independently from the Campus. However, the departments are smaller and must operate under university’s management o and must be as close as possible physically to each other.

of excellence and we can apply this model in a way that is even more efficient on the Halle campus.

To achieve this goal, the new Thereticum must reserve large areas in its Master Plan to accommodate these important institutes so its access and flow of students are facilitated. Preventing research groups, for example, from commuting to other parts of the city. In the proposed diagram, the goal is to concentrate these research services within the Weinberg Campus, taking into account the size that this occupies today in Heidelberg and reserving this area on the Halle campus.

„Admittingover 450 medical and 80 dentistry students every year.“ (Heidelberg University, 2021) is notable that Heidelberg University must be taken into account for the development of the new campus in Halle. Its success depends on strong and independent institutes that together make this a Campus

Facilities Diagram proposed for the MLU Halle - Medical School Clinics Independent Institutes Independent Centers of Research MLU Institutes and Centers of Research Sports Complex

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Contemporary Designs of Medical Schools and University Campus: An Overlook on Design Process and Materials.

Architects and engineers have become habituated to using the same materials and trends that for decades and even generations have been applied to exhaustion, and recent events like the new coronavirus crisis and the advances in research design have made us think outside the box and now we have the opportunity to design new ways of building to fit better our needs. There are still old techniques that must be taken into account to create new designs for Hospitals, for example, practically nothing has changed in the last five decades. Even so, Brazilian architect João Figueiras Lima dared to change concepts and work on what he calls the “architecture of healing“ or „architecture of wellbeing“.

With product design techniques to adapt to the needs of students, teachers and patients at the hospital design process developed by João Filgueiras Lima at the Technology Center of The Sarah Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals „is an important example of integrated design of industrialized buildings. It encompasses all stages of planning, designing, production, assembling and maintenance, with collaborative work involving a multidisciplinary team coordinated

by João Filgueiras Lima“. (Lukiantchuki, Caixeta, & Fabricio, 2015) this technique was an innovative experience of architecture and interior design creation focused on the industrialization to build what is today one of the major Brazilian hospital networks.

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Picture 9: João Filgueiras Lima, Rede Sarah (2015)

„The manufacturing process adopted for the Sarah Hospitals and other buildings produced in the CTRS basically uses steel frame and precast ferrocement. The entire construction process is possible due to the use of steel, considering that the use of concrete makes constructions more expensive since there are a large number of different parts that require more expensive metal molds. Furthermore, steel frame and precast ferrocement offer advantages regarding brightness, economy and transportation of prefabricated components, allowing more freedom in the designing process.” (Guimarães , 2010)

Picture 10: Sarah Hospital in Fortaleza. (Silvio Pereira, 2001)

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Picture 10: Sarah Brasilia. (Joana França, 2012)

Picture 11: Corridor at Sarah Brasilia. (Joana França, 2012)

Picture 12: Waiting Room at Sarah Salvador (Bruno Farias, 2014) 18

Lima states that standardization of „building elements, green spaces, natural lighting and ventilation“ are fundamental to the healing process of patients and have also proved to be a key part of developing human interactions with those who spend long hours inside these hospitals. Therefore, we can use Mr Lima fundamentals and techniques without many adaptations in the project of Theoreticum in Halle, since human interactions within the campus are one of the main goals for the design.

Lima, had a multidisciplinary team that conducted interviews and tests with those who would study and work in hospitals and he “believes architects should be like psychologists, discussing needs with users to absorb all the information” (Lukiantchuki, Caixeta, & Fabricio, 2015). With the outcome from these studies in hand, his team of architects and engineers begins to develop the program of the future hospital. His design process can be easily adapted to other projects using a simple chard as a reference.

This chard exposes a method starting with the “Predevelopment phase”, where it consists of a detailed collection of data from experts in design, production, healthcare and of course, the users or patients. From that, the “Development” phase starts, this stage only consists of the project design with the experts taking action, from the data collected at the prior phase. Then, once the design and building are done, starts the “Post Development” phase, where all the “individuals” who took part in the study and design collect more data on the “real life” and the cycle repeats again for future projects.

Organizational chart of the interation of the team members during the stages of the design Lima developed this approach to better Nowadays, the use of timber and steel process. organize the complex processes in a hospital in the construction of flexible buildings is and design them structurally. Analysing fundamental not only for the environment Lima’s method, we can be sure to affirm that but also is a factor in reducing costs and flexibility is one of the main success factors construction time. These materials were not of any hospitalchart design.

Flexible environments a priority in the that designed its Organizational of the interation of the team members during theyears stages of Lima the design allow the building to quickly adapt to new hospitals. The challenge now is to use those process. technologies, making it timeless no matter fundamentals of this great Brazilian architect the generations that come to take advantage to adapt them to new trends in design and of its facilities. materials.

Organizational chart of the interation of the team members during the stages of the design process.

PREDEVELOPMENT Collection Data

Planning

DEVELOPMENT Design

Follow of the execution

POSTDEVELOPMENT Follow the use

Experts in design

Experts in design

Experts in design

Experts in production PREDEVELOPMENT

Experts in production DEVELOPMENT

Experts in production POSTDEVELOPMENT

Experts in heathcare Planning Collection Data Users + Patients

Design

Follow of the execution

Experts in heathcare Follow the use Users + Patients

Experts in design

Experts in design

Experts in design

Experts in production

Experts in production

Experts in production

Experts in heathcare Users + Patients

PREDEVELOPMENT Collection Data

Planning

Experts in heathcare

DEVELOPMENT Design

Follow of the execution

Users + Patients

POSTDEVELOPMENT Follow the use

Experts in design

Experts in design

Experts in design

Experts in production

Experts in production

Experts in production

Experts in heathcare

Experts in heathcare

Users + Patients

Users + Patients

Chard elabotated by Marieli Azoia Lukiantchuki, Michele Caroline Bueno Ferrari Caixeta, Márcio Minto Fabricio and adapted by the author 19

Picture 13: Mjøstårnet Tower / Voll Arkitekter (Archdaily/Woodify, 2020)

In the past decade, prefabricated buildings made of steel and concrete were the most advanced in terms of materials and construction techniques that sought to reduce costs and be more efficient.

Nowadays, without a doubt, timber is the future of sustainable construction as it is easy to be prefabricated and consequently represents a major cost factor and today’s “hype is focused on structural timber or, as it’s more popularly known, “mass timber” (short for “massive timber”). In a nutshell, it involves sticking pieces of softwood — generally conifers like pine, spruce, or fir, but also sometimes deciduous species such as birch, ash, and beech — together to form larger pieces.” (Roberts, 2020) 20

There are countless examples of mass timber construction, from the largest building ever built with this material, the Mjøstårnet in Norway “designed by Voll Arkitekter of Trondheim, the nearly 11,350 square meters edifice is located in Brumunddal, a small city in central Norway, and near the country’s largest lake (an area known for its robust timber industry). To construct the tower, builders used glulam and laminated timber beams; both are strong enough to replace carbon-intensive concrete and steel, and require less energy to produce.”

(O’Neill, 2019) Up to single-family residential projects that are now spreading around the world with their appeal to environmentfriendly and incredible ability to customize it.

A case study that should be analysed as a reference for the Theoreticum Halle is the Oregon Forest Science Complex, this “project design approach was created in collaboration with multiple College departments and user groups across various functions. Engagement with these unique and diverse groups meant that the buildings themselves were designed to be teachers and a living laboratory – something to interact with and to learn from.” (Pinto, 2021) It is a perfect showcase of how smart and sustainable buildings can use the managed forest to create a learning environment and more import: a strong connection to nature.

“The building is designed as two intersecting bars, connecting to the existing Richardson Hall. A simple academic bar features 20 classrooms, computer rooms, and laboratories. Classroom and lab spaces range from small to large and interior to exterior, facilitating a range of teaching styles in an inspiring environment for students to study all aspects of the forest landscape.”

(Pinto, 2021) The majority of the wood in the Oregon Forest Science Complex was “grown” and processed close to the complex, minimizing transport and storage costs.

Germany ranks among the densely wooded countries in Europe with around 11,4 million hectares corresponding to onethird of the national territory are covered with forests and the timber stocks account for 336 m³ per hectare, with the annual timber increment totalling around 76 million m³.

(Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture) Therefore, Germany has stock and technology and continues to invest massively in this construction segment as the German

Ministry of Food and Agriculture’s (BMEL) support programs for the modernization of the country’s timber industry.

We can conclude that Theoreticum Halle can take advantage of this material without any supply issue and in the end; its 70,000 square meters can become one of the largest buildings made of timber ever built.

Thus making it not only a reference for the medical school but also a strong reference in architectural design for sustainability.

Picture 14: Classroom at Oregon Forest Science Complex. (Archdaily/Ema Peter, 2020)

Picture 15: Oregon Forest Science Complex .

(Archdaily/Josh Partee, 2020) 21

The Site.

Brief history and facilities at the Weinberg Campus.

The area between Heide and Saale was covered by numerous large and small vineyards since the 13th century. The first demonstrable settlement of the Weinberg area took place with the construction of the former “State and Care Institution of Nietleben” (1) 1 With their establishment, alternative ideas should be realized in the course of the humanization of psychiatry and the hygiene movement. The new building planning and management of the sanatorium was carried out by Prof. Dr. med. Heinrich Damerow (1798–1866), who is considered one of the most important German psychiatrists of his time. On July 1, 1935, the state and nursing home was closed.

On the orders of the Chief of the Army Command of the German Armed Forces, began the construction of a new Army and Air Communication School (2).

2 According to the plans of the Berlin architect Dr. Ernst Sagebiel, a monumental ensemble was created from a total of around 160 teaching, team, workshop and garage buildings including an officer’s mess and the “Am Heiderand” housing estate.

After Halle was largely occupied without a fight in April 1945 by the US Army’s 104th Infrared Division “The Timer Wolfes”, the nearly 200-hectare barracks area was initially taken over by the Americans and the

school closed. From the beginning of July 1945, the Soviet armed forces took over the barracks. Up to 1991 up to 9,000 Soviet soldiers and officers with their families were permanently housed there. The garrison area was surrounded by a closed wall and was thus almost hermetically sealed from the outside world.

Starting with the establishment of the Chemical Institute of the MLU (3) 3 (1952– 1955), numerous new university buildings were built on the outskirts of the city in the following years. In 1958 the pharmacist and biochemist Kurt Mothes founded the Institute for Plant Biochemistry (4) 4 on behalf of the German Academy of Sciences of the GDR (today Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry IPB), followed in 1960 by the establishment of the Institute for Solid State Physics and Electron Microscopy (5) 5 (today Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics) and from 1963 the construction of the Pharmaceutical Institute of the MLU. Immediately after German reunification, planning began for the settlement of several new university research institutions. Such as the “Technologie und Gründerzentrum (TGZ)” and Bio-Zentrum (6) 6 in 1998 and around 1 billion euros have been invested on the Weinberg Campus since 1990. (TGZ Halle & Bio Zentrum Halle).

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Today “The Weinberg Campus Technology Park is the innovation location for the life sciences and materials science industry in the region. With 134 hectares, it is the largest in Central Germany. Around 250 start-ups have found the best conditions since its foundation in 1993. (...) More than 100 companies and institutes employing approx.

6,000 people are located here. Biochemists, biotechnologists, materials scientists, pharmacists, agronomists and nutritionists from the most important non-university research institutions are all working side by side here. (...)” (TGZ Halle & Bio Zentrum Halle).

To accommodate its more than 6 thousand employees and students daily, the area is served by Tram lines 4 and 5, so it is possible to reach the city centre in less than 20 minutes, with the tram stop located at the south entrance of the campus (7).

7 Arriving by bicycle is one of the strengths of this region because it is possible to pass through the best and most iconic Halle’s green hotspot, the Nordspitze Peißnitz (8).

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Picture 16: Nordspitze immobilienzeitung, 2019)

Peißnitz.

(Hallesche-

Picture 17: Parking space on Heide-Süd Campus.

(Luftbildsuche, 2015).

The university hospital to the northwest of the campus (9) 9 and hosts 32 clinics and departments. Benefit from the close integration with the Weinberg Campus where you arrive by crossing a busy street. This same street you cross to arrive at the main parking space (2), 2 used by both students and staff, located at the former “Army and Air Communication School”.

To conclude, this area is surrounded by residential plots, most are single-family houses and massive greenery around, especially along the river Wilde Saale.

Picture 18: University Hospital. (medizin.uni-halle.de, 2020) 25

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Moving closer to the area designated to the new Theoreticum Halle............, it consists of approximately 52.0000 square meters located on the north part of the Weinberg Campus. Within its boundary, there are four dormitory towers run by Studentenwerk Halle (1).

10 These dormitory buildings, consist of single rooms in shared apartments with a communal kitchen and a lounge distributed over eleven floors.

The Kindergarten (1), relatively new 11 construction within the boundary.

Where it hosts 175 kids on a daily basis distributed in approximately 1200 square meters in two pavements surrounded by trees and outdoor recreation areas.

Next to the Kindergarten is located the Weinberg Sportscomplex (1).

12 In an old facility that currently doesn’t absolve the students’ needs and demand. It is relatively small when compared to the campus dimensions with only 1000 square meters of built area. To the east of the sports complex, is perhaps the most diverse facility on the perimeter. Weinberg Campus Innovation Hub hosts startup, shops and cafes run by third parties (1).

13 In addition to offices, laboratories, common rooms and co-working spaces. The Mensa 14 (1) is located next door, on the heart of the campus and it was also recently built. This construction includes cafes and a cafeteria and offices to students services run by Studentenwerk Halle.

And certainly, the most important element is on the east side of this border.

Wilde Saale and Nordspitze Peißnitz (8) 8 complete this dynamic and complex region.

Picture 19: Dormitory Towers (Studentenwerk Halle, 2021)

Picture 20: Kindergarden (Studentenwerk Halle, 2021)

Picture 21: Innovation Hub (Technologiepark Weinberg, 2021) 27

The Master Plan.

Weinberg 2030

The “Weinberg 2030” Master Plan goal is to develop the support to students, staff and the Halle citizens. Embracing the tradition and anticipate the Future. This master plan contains the goals and strategies to reinforce the vision of transforming the Weinberg Campus into a source of innovative design, human-centred campus in Halle and beyond with a keen focus on human interaction, education, research and services for its users. This Master Plan includes key information and goals with some specific actions to boost the Weinberg Campus as the main educational facility for medical students in Germany.

To understand and address the overall goals, the Master Plan work began with data analysis from the site. This process started with compiling all current

and historic information relative to campus buildings, infrastructure, student, faculty and staff populations and other information from outside relevant resources. Along with this information, together with the some requirements provided by the University to accommodate the new Theoreticum, a series of other details that affects the environment around the new building are taken into account.

Learning from the Heidelberg’ Case study, this master plan includes an area dedicated exclusively to the construction of future institutes and departments that operate independently from the university.

For the comfort of the students and the environment, these buildings will be allocated between the new Theoreticum and the university hospital.

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Master Plan guidelines, requirements and actions to facilitate accomplishment of the goals and strategies

Car-Free Campus:

Relocation:

Despite its colossal size, the university management requests that a parking lot should not be built, assuming that this design is car-free. Thus, all users who wish to access the campus with private vehicles must park in the Heide-Süd Campus.

The master plan must provide for the services’ reallocation that will be affected to allocate the new Theoreticum. In addition to identifying whether these services are currently in demand and need a larger area.

Green Campus: The area has the privilege of being next to the “Wilde Saale” and the new design should reinforce this connection. A pedestrian bridge must be introduced, making it easier for those arriving by bicycle from the city center.

Hospital Connection: The path between the university hospital and the new Theoreticum passes through a busy intersection and a pedestrian bridge must be introduced over Weinbergweg.

After all, the number of students will increase considerably and this is the best and safest solution.

New services: As this master plan has the dimensions of a city, you should allocate areas for services that students and staff use in their daily lives, without having to travel to the city center.

Human Interaction: Indoor and outdoor spaces should be focused on social interaction. In a digital future, the Master Plan must boost these interactions to the fullest.

Campus Integration: The new Master Plan must not forget the existing buildings at the Wienberg Campus. The new design should integrate this and consolidate the campus as a city.

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To achieve the goals. All buildings, without exception, within the perimeter will be demolished and services relocated into the new Theoreticum.

Marking the points of interest, such as the Hospital, Wilde Saale and the campus to the south. Three axes were identified and marked, and from there the Master Plan takes shape.

Respecting the axes with the maximum use of the available area around it. The new Master Plan buildings for the new Thereticum take their final shape.

Legend: (1) 1 Theoreticum (2) 2 Weinberg Plaza

(4) 4 Kindergarten (5) 5 Footbridge to the Hospital

6 Footbridge over Wilde Saale (3) 3 Boulevard of Institutes (6)

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Design Process.

The architectural design for the Theoreticum for the Medical Faculty MartinLuther-University at the Weinberg Campus in Halle exemplifies the typology of an academic city with a central plaza surrounded by faculty facilities. A clear reference to the Spanish university cities, where the “Plaza Mayor” is the epicentre of academic life. In a way, the new “Weinberg Plaza”, becomes a point of contemplation for the new Theoreticum architecture and fortifies the connection with the existing campus. Thus, the new design is not a strange object thrown in the middle of the Weinberg Campus.

The new Theoreticum is connected to the complex landscape of this area. To the west of the Weinberg Plaza, a new Plaza emerges, this one to observe the Wilde Saale overlooking the “Nordspitze Peißnitz”, it promises breathtaking sunsets for those who spent the day working and studying.

It is also the point of arrival and departure for those who decide to go to the city centre by bicycle. A new pedestrian bridge is there, with a design that refers to the facade of the new Theoreticum made with timber structure crossing the Wilde Saale .

Leaving Weinberg Plaza on the north side, you arrive at the “Boulevard of Institutes”. A mini-city where the future departments and institutes will be housed, bordered by a 300-meter-long green boulevard connecting the “Wilde Saale” and the “University Hospital”. At the end of the Boulevard, you will find another pedestrian bridge, this one made of reinforced concrete over the busy intersection and has 160

meters long. Crossing over this bridge will be almost imperceptible for cyclists, wheelchair users and pedestrians.

On the Theoreticum south side, you will find the new sports complex, with approximately 2500 square meters and 3.50 meters below ground level. This way, the pedestrian outside can check what is happening inside the sports complex, like an outdoor grandstand. Thanks to the glass facade that covers this complex along with the timber structure that follows the facade design. Inside, you will find a semi-Olympic swimming pool with six lanes, a sports court, a grandstand and of course a gym and locker rooms, all of that in 8 meters ceiling height with plenty of natural light.

You can choose one of the twelve entrances to enter the building, but surely the two Lobbies, one on the west side and one on the east side, will be impressive. There you will find a massive timber staircase 3 meters wide and 15 meters long, in an environment completely barrier-free and with an incredible 15 meters of ceiling height with 100 square meters skylight. You will also find Timber stairs at the other entrances, always with balconies with lots of green on all floors.

The entire complex is divided into three zones, each one has a different architectural style.

Theoreticum, kindergarten and institutes; With a height of 16 meters on four floors, with exception of the kindergarten, which has only two floors. To diversify and give a city feel, four more floors were added in some specific areas.

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All services that are within the perimeter today, will be relocated within the Theoreticum building. The Innovation Hub, for example, will be placed at one of these towers. In which, on the ground floor will be placed cafes and shops

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Inside the new Theoreticum there are two axes of corridors, two meters wide each.

Interspersed with open kitchens and interaction areas. You never walk more than 25 meters to find an area to relax and a 50 square meters balcony to enjoy fresh air and see the view. In total, this design has twelve balconies and open kitchens per level.

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One of the highlights of this design is the existence of “suspended” areas, which were created to respect the north-south and east-west axis from the master plan. These areas, or passages, have a height of almost eight meters and above it is the library and workstations. Symbolically they were allocated there because it is the main meeting point for students and if divided the distance from point to point inside the Theoreticum building, these facilities are equidistant. The library has an area of 700 square meters and is eight meters ceiling high and from there it is possible to see the entire campus and the boulevard of the institutes.

The workstations have 1400 square meters divided into two floors with conferences rooms and a large number of work tables with views to the Mensa (west) and the sports complex (east).

+8 +8

+4

+8

+4

+8

To facilitate access to heavy machinery, the laboratories are concentrated on the ground floor.

The remaining laboratories areas are distributed on the first to third floors, always close to the core facilities, which are always between the two corridors axes, and the researcher’s offices. On the third floor and above are designate areas for general training and practical training along with more offices areas for researchers and campus administration.

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A LAB LAB

LAB OFF

LAB

LAB

LAB

LAB

LAB OFF

LAB

LAB

LAB LAB

LAB

LAB

OFF

LAB LAB

OFF

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LAB

OFF

LAB

LAB

OFF

LAB

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B

B

LAB

OFF

OFF

LAB

OFF

OFF

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LAB

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LAB

SER

A

SER

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0

5

10

25

50

LAB LAB

Ground Floor

LAB LAB

LAB Research Laboratories OFF Offices SER Other Services

OFF

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LAB

OFF

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39

A LAB LAB

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A

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LAB

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0

5

10

25

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Level 1

LAB LAB

LAB Research Laboratories OFF Offices SER Other Services

OFF

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OFF

LAB

LAB

OFF

LAB

LAB

OFF

LAB

LAB

41

A GTR GTR

GTR OFF

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PTR

GTR

GTR GTR OFF

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OFF

PTR GTR

GTR GTR

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B

B

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OFF

OFF

OFF

OFF

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GTR

GTR

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A

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OFF

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0

5

10

25

50

PTR

RES

OFF

Level 2

GTR GTR

LIBRARY

OFF

RES

PTR

OFF

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OFF

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WORK STATIONS

OFF Offices SER Other Services GTR General Training PTR Practical Training RES Reserve

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43

A GTR GTR

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GTR GTR OFF

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OFF

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0

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OFF

Level 3

GTR GTR

OFF

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OFF

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OFF Offices SER Other Services GTR General Training PTR Practical Training RES Reserve

OFF

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45

A

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OFF

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A

SER

0

5

10

25

50

OFF

RES

OFF

Level 4 to 7

OFF Offices SER Other Services RES Reserve

OFF

RES OFF

RES SER

OFF

RES

OFF

47

Section AA - South/North

+31.1

+15.7

+11.5

+7.70

+3.85

0.00

0

48

5

10

25

49

Section BB - East/West

+31.1

+15.7

+11.5

+7.70

+3.85

0.00

-3.85

0

50

5

10

25

51

Facade Design The facade has a structural function, composed of 30x30 and 50x30 timber beams aligned with the internal windows, also made with timber where each module has 165x355 composed with a single glass sheet interspersed with openings towards inside. Reference images are from the furniture store “Ameublements Tanguay” located in Quebec (Canada), developed by the company “Nordic Structures” specialized in timber construction. The triangular, or diamond-shaped design is a strong trend in contemporary buildings like 30 St Mary Ax (The Gherkin), Hearst Tower by Norman Foster.

Picture 22: The Gherkin and Hearst tower (Foster and Partners, 2021)

Picture 23: Ameublements Tanguay (Nordic Structures, 2021) 52

53

Weinberg Plaza “The architectural design for the Theoreticum for the Medical Faculty MartinLuther-University at the Weinberg Campus in Halle exemplifies the typology of an academic city with a central plaza surrounded by faculty facilities. A clear reference to the Spanish university cities, where the “Plaza Mayor” is the epicentre of academic life. In a way, the new “Weinberg Plaza”, becomes a point of contemplation for the new Theoreticum architecture and fortifies the connection with the existing campus. Thus, the new design is not a strange object thrown in the middle of the Weinberg Campus.”

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Balconies and Interation Areas Although the structure of the new Theoreticum is made of steel and concrete, all the stairs, balconies and façade are 100% made of timber. Each balcony is approximately 50 square meters with its structure fixed to the facade.

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Main Lobby “You can choose one of the twelve entrances to enter the building, but surely the two Lobbies, one on the west side and one on the east side, will be impressive. There you will find a massive timber staircase 3 meters wide and 15 meters long, in an environment completely barrier-free and with an incredible 15 meters of ceiling height with 100 square meters skylight. You will also find Timber stairs at the other entrances, always with balconies with lots of green on all floors.”

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Library “(...)One of the highlights of this design is the existence of “suspended” areas, which were created to respect the north-south and east-west axis from the master plan. These areas, or passages, have a height of almost eight meters and above it is the library and workstations(...). The library has an area of 700 square meters and is eight meters ceiling high and from there it is possible to see the entire campus and the boulevard of the institutes (...).”

60

61

Work Stations “(...)The workstations have 1400 square meters divided into two floors with conferences rooms and a large number of work tables with views to the Mensa (west) and the sports complex (east).”

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Sport Complex “(...)On the Theoreticum south side, you will find the new sports complex, with approximately 2500 square meters and 3.50 meters below ground level. This way, the pedestrian outside can check what is happening inside the sports complex, like an outdoor grandstand. Thanks to the glass facade that covers this complex along with the timber structure that follows the facade design. Inside, you will find a semi-Olympic swimming pool with six lanes, a sports court, a grandstand and of course a gym and locker rooms, all of that in 8 meters ceiling height with plenty of natural light.(...)”

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Hospital Footbridge “(...)At the end of the Boulevard, you will find another pedestrian bridge, this one made of reinforced concrete over the busy intersection and has 160 meters long.

Crossing over this bridge will be almost imperceptible for cyclists, wheelchair users and pedestrians.(...)”

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Wilde Saale Footbridge “(...)It is also the point of arrival and departure for those who decide to go to the city centre by bicycle. A new pedestrian bridge is there, with a design that refers to the facade of the new Theoreticum made with timber structure crossing the Wilde Saale.(...)”

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Conclusion.

With more than 80 thousand square meters of built area, and 51 thousand only dedicated to the Theoreticum located at the Weinberg Campus’ core and just a few steps away from the University Hospital. This design upholds the Martin-Luther-University University’s vision to create dynamic learning, teamwork, and research environment for its medical students in a city-like campus with a focus on human interaction. This design is ready to be the university of the future and a landmark for Halle.

The facade, balconies and stairs made of timber not only speed up the construction process but will also serve as a reference for future construction using this material. Justifying that the design of the new Theoreticum is updated on green construction trends in Europe.

The strong connection with nature extends the university’s goal for a sustainable future. Prioritizing its access via public transport and bicycle, straightening the green potential that the region around the Saale River can stimulate the students. Its interior design also has a strong green appeal with its many balconies surrounded by plants that will relax and make sure its students are in a healthy environment. Taking the concept of “healing architecture” to a level never seen in this kind of facilities.

Theoreticum Total usable area: 29.395 m² Total floor area: 51.752 m² Research Laboratories: 6.870 m² Offices: 5.854 m² Other Services: 7.352 m² General Training: 1.513 m² Practical Training: 2.560 m² Reserve: 3.296 m² Work Stations: 1.300 m² Library: 650 m² Sports complex: 2.300 m²

Kindergarten: 1.394 m² Boulervard of Institutes: 27.272 m² Total: 80.422 m²

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O’Neill, M. (2019, March 22). The World’s Tallest Timber-Framed Building Finally Opens Its Doors. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from Architectural Digest: https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/worlds-tallest-timber-framedbuilding-finally-opens-doors#:~:text=In%20Norway%2C%20a%20new%20high,frame%20structure%20in%20 the%20world.

Pinto, P. (2021, March 10). Oregon Forest Science Complex / Michael Green Architecture. Retrieved April 04, 2021, from Archdaily: https://www.archdaily.com/958332/oregon-forest-science-complex-michael-greenarchitecture?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all Roberts, D. (2020, January 15). The hottest new thing in sustainable building is, uh, wood. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from VOX: https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2020/1/15/21058051/climate-change-buildingmaterials-mass-timber-cross-laminated-clt John Chilton, Gabriel Tang (2016, Routledge). Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft.

Radford University (2020, January). Radford University Master Plan 2020-2030. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://www.radford.edu/content/dam/departments/administrative/Facilities-Planning/campus-master-plan.pdf Marquette University (2005). Achieving Beyond Boundaries: Campus Master Plan. Retrieved April 18, 2021, from https://www.marquette.edu/strategic-planning/documents/master-plan-campus-watermark.pdf A.M. Harte (2017, July). Mass timber: the emergence of a modern construction material Retrieved April 18, 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319412134_Mass_timber_-_the_emergence_of_a_modern_ construction_material

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Dessau International Architecture School Anhalt University | 2020/2021