Dissertation Report ( Healing Through Architecture)

AP GOYAL SHIMLA UNIVERSITY

DISSERTATION REPORT [HEALING THROUGH ARCHITECTURE Spiritual Retreat]

SUBMITTED BY: ADITI CHANDEL 18001256 BATCH 2017- 2022

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the research work which is presented in this Dissertation report entitled ‘Healing through architecture’ Is my original work and wherever I have incorporated any information in the form of photographs, text, data, maps, drawings, etc. from different sources, has been duly acknowledged in my report.

This dissertation has been completed under the supervision of the guide allotted to me by the school. Further, whenever and wherever my work shall be presented or published it will be jointly authored with my guide.

Aditi Chandel Bachelor of Architecture - VIII SEM Enrollment No. - 18001256

School of Architecture A P Goyal Shimla University, Himachal Pradesh

HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation titled “HEALING THROUGH ARCHITECTURE” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the curriculum of Bachelor of Architecture is the work of Aditi Chandel, Enrollment No. 18001256, who carried out research work under our supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge the content of this dissertation report does not form a basis for the award of any previous Degree to anyone else.

Signature of Supervisor

DATE: Ar. Palak Dixit

Signature of the Guide

School of Architecture A P Goyal Shimla University, Himachal Pradesh HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A dissertation cannot be completed without the help of many people who contribute directly or indirectly through there constructive criticism in the evolution and preparation of this work It would not have been possible without the help of all those whose sincere advice made this period a real educative, enlightening, pleasurable and memorable one.

First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my dissertation guide AR. PALAK DIXIT for her gracious efforts and keen pursuits, and for giving me chance to take this dissertation project. Her recommendations and instructions have enabled me to assemble and finish the dissertation effectively.

I would also like to offer my sincere thanks to all faculty, teaching and non-teaching staff of Department of Architecture for their assistance.

And special thanks to my friends and family for all kind of support and help during the course by giving encouragement and motivation.

Thank you

Aditi Chandel Bachelor of Architecture - VIII SEM Enrollment No. – 18001256

School of Architecture A P Goyal Shimla University, Himachal Pradesh HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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ABSTRACT

"The good building is not one that hurts the landscape, but is one that makes the landscape more beautiful than it was before that building was built".

- Frank Lloyd Wright The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the connection between environment and the spirituality within the body that allow healing and the way architecture can inform healing or lay out spaces and events where healing can take place. We as human beings have an internal link with our environment by physical, mental, emotional and spiritual means. Healing cannot be understood in isolation from the factors that operate within the dynamic life of an individual. These embrace the self, the family, the community, the environmental context within which life is carried forth, and therefore the world of spirit or essence.

This dissertation sum up the principals of life enhancing role of architecture and designing within the healing method. Through a theoretical approach together with the history of healing architecture and therefore the introduction of architectural and social science theories, the project defines four main parameters that ought to be enclosed within the style of future spaces for social support: Functions that replicate the existence, materials & textures with a homely atmosphere, importance of daylight in hospitals and details with interior style within the human scale.

The method used in this research is based on literature review for collecting data and observation to identify and analyze the qualities of various spiritual spaces. By comparing the result of identified cases the final result would be obtained. The study would conclude that the spatial characteristics of o built space plays a major role in creating a spiritual environment and a positive experience for the user. The study also concluded that architecture is the binding material of man with nature whilst the understanding of the inner self and his senses enables him to become aware of his surroundings. A holistic environment is then created and is suitable for spiritual practice. Such a space evokes a sense of spirituality.

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TABLE OF CONTENT Declaration …………………………………………………………………………...... i Certificate ……………………………………………………………………………… ii Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………. iii Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………... iv Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………….... v-vii List of figures …………………………………………………………………………. viii-xi

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………….. (1-11) 1.1: The Premise - background of the Research 1.2: Research questions 1.3: Aim and Objectives of the Research 1.4: Scope and Limitations 1.4.1: Program 1.4.2: Site statement 1.5: Methodology

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………....... (12- 26) 2.1: Purpose of literature review 2.2: Categorization of literature 2.2.1 Pre “research-question “stage 2.3: Phenomenology of different elements of architecture 2.3.1: Spiritual practices 2.3.2: Spirituality and architecture 2.3.3: Holistic environment 2.3.4: Serene Qualities of spiritual architecture 2.4: Brief review of referred document HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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2.5: Areas of Research 2.5.1: Architecture for the spirit - Body, Mind, Spirit 2.5.2: Process of interaction 2.5.3: The external environment 2.6: Theoretical Framework

CHAPTER 3 – SPITITUAL QUALITIES OF CASES STUDIES …………….. (27- 49) 3.1: Case studies: Form and geometry 3.1.1: Matrimandir, Auroville 3.1.2: Pyramid valley international, Bangalore 3.2: Case studies: spiritual retreat 3.2.1: Quiet Healing Centre, Auroville, India 3.2.2: Osho International Meditation Retreat

CHAPTER 4 – RESEARCH DESIGN …………………………………………… (50-56) 4.1: Literature review learnings 4.2: Methods opted for data collection and its justification 4.2.1: Therapist interview 4.2.2: Psychologist interview 4.2.3: Questionnaire Survey 4.3: Inferences taken form the data collection 4.4: Method of analysis

CHAPTER 5- UNDERSTANDING THE SITE…………………………………. (57-70) 5.1: Introduction 5.1.1: Site location HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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5.1.2: Connectivity 5.2: Natural factors 5.2.1: Geology 5.2.2: Vegetation- flora and fauna 5.2.3: Climate and rainfall 5.3: Topography 5.4: Social and cultural factors 5.5: Tourism 5.6: S.W.O.T analysis

CHAPTER 6– CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……………… (71-76) 6.1: Summary of Research Findings 6.2: Research inference and its significance 6.3: Justification of Design 6.4: The future research possibilities 6.5: Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………… (77) Books and Publications Internet sources APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………… (78) Interviews questions ANNEXURE………………………………………………………………………….. (79) Site validation document

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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No

TITLE

Page. No

SOURCE

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1

Spirituality

2

https:/seven-main-energy-centers-of-yourbody

1.2

Layers of contemplative environment

3

ISSUU PDF Downloader5555.pdf

1.3

7

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Elevat ion-map-of-Himachal-Pradesh-state

1.4

Map of India, HP (location district Dharamshala) village Bhagsu

8

https://earth.google.com/web/

1.5

Site location

8

https://earth.google.com/web/

9

Notification No.TCP‐F (10) ‐5/2003 loose, dated 12th July 2005

14

dissertation/data/ISSUU%20PDF%20Downlo ader.pdf

2.2

Understanding the relationship of the topic The seven energy centers

15

https:/joywithin.org/meditations/chakras

2.3

Shell residence, japan

16

https://www.archdaily.com/11602/shellartechnic-architects

2.4

Shell residence, 3D

17

https://www.dezeen.com/2009/01/04/shell-byartechnic-architects/

2.5

Church of the Light – illustrating natural light

18

https://www.archdaily.com.br/classicos-daarquitetura-igreja-da-luz-tadao-ando

2.6

Meditation connection with self

19

2.7

Connection with nature and sunlight

19

https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/meditatio n-man https://www.dezeen.com/residence-gosizeconcrete-house-office-hyogo-japan/

2.8

Chichi Art Museum - showing the relation of built with nature

20

https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/naoshimaart-island

2.9

Location of chakras in the human body

21

https://www.healthline.com/health/throatchakra-healing#how-to-heal

2.10

Mind-Body-Spirit Energy Distribution Graph

22

http://drarvindersingh.com/energy distribution/

2.11

horticulture therapy

23

2.12

Nature meditation

23

horticultural-therapist-grows-plant-therapyprogram-at-carrier-clinic/ https://hopehospice.com/blog/the-role-ofspiritual-care-in-hospice/

1.6

Satellite Image of Dharamshala Plan ning Area CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1

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2.13

Types of meditation

24

https://meditation77.com/meditation-guidewhat-is-meditation/

CHAPTER 3 – SPITITUAL QUALITIES OF CASES STUDIES 3.1

Master plan of Auroville

28

https://auroville.org/contents/691

3.2

Location map

28

https://vemaps.com/india/in-04

3.3

Map of the park of unity

29

3.4

Vertical Section of the Matrimandir Section Section & plan of the Inner Chamber

29

https://beyonder.travel/india/southindia/interesting-facts-about-auroville/ https://auroville.org/contents/691

30

https://auroville.org/contents/691

31

https://www.auroville.com/aboutmatrimandir

3.7

level 1: entrance of one of the twin central spiral staircases level 2: ramp

31

3.8

Entrance of meditation cell

31

3.9

‘Lotus pond’ below the Matrimandir

31

3.10

Mahakoli entrance

31

https://www.auroville.com/aboutmatrimandir how-to-visit-Matrimandir-inner-chamberviewing-point-Auroville/ https://www.auroville.com/aboutmatrimandir https://heavenly-sceneinsidethematrimandi

3.11

Open air theatre

32

3.12

‘Park of unity’-garden

32

3.13

Four set of pillars

32

3.14 3.15

Up to chamber level Pyramid valley view

32 33

3.16 3.17

Location map Matrimandir pyramid view

33 34

https://vemaps.com/india/in-04

3.18

Cafeteria View

35

https://www.pyramidvalley.org/home/pag/

3.19

Lumbini Garden

35

http://gfss.thriive.in/about-us/

3.20

Kabhir Bhavan floor plans

36

https://www.bpagroup.in/pyramid/

3.21

View of Pagoda cottage

36

http://gfss.thriive.in/about-us/

3.22

Predominant material palette

36

https://www.bpagroup.in/pyramid/

3.23 3.24

Site view Location map

37 37

https://auroville.org/contents/145

3.25

Zoning

38

3.26

Activity zoning

39

3.27

Site plan

39

https://www.gonomad.com/3285-aurovillea-spiritual-retreat https://www.gonomad.om/3285-aurovillea-spiritual-retreat https://www.quiethealingcenter.info/

3.5 3.6

https://www.auroville.com/aboutmatrimandir http://peacockplume.fr/foodtravel/matrima ndir http://peacockplume.fr/foodtravel/matrima ndir https://www.auroville.com/aboutmatrima https://www.pyramidvalley.org/home/page/

https://www.pyramidvalley.org/home/page/

https://vemaps.com/india/in-04

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3.28

Circulation

39

https://auroville.org/contents/145

3.29

Therapy Room Section

41

https://auroville.org/contents/145

3.30

Cross ventilation

42

https://www.quiethealingcenter.info/

3.31

Hall of Harmony

42

https://auroville.org/contents/145

3.32

Opening within the buttress used typically for septic tank

42

https://www.gonomad.com/3285-aurovillea-spiritual-retreat

3.33

Courtyards joining the structure

42

https://www.quiethealingcenter.info/

3.34

Connecting inside to outsideTransitional space

43

https://www.gonomad.com/3285-aurovillea-spiritual-retreat

3.35

Site view

44

3.36

Location map

44

https://www.osho.com/osho-meditationresort https://vemaps.com/india/in-04

3.37

Map showing land use

45

3.38

Site plan

45

3.39

Zoning map

46

3.40

Movement pattern on the site

46

3.41

47

3.42

Pyramid - sitting on a high plinth of about 8m high.

Hall with an ivory white finish the control over mood lighting is appropriate.

3.43

The Disco’s – finished with black and dark green Kota polished stones.

48

https://www.osho.com/osho-meditationresort

3.44

People having their lunch in the afternoon & relaxing with the nature

48

https://yoga-map-namaste-world/oshointernational-meditation-resort

3.45

The pyramid and the pool are constructed in a manner so that the pyramid look emerged with water.

48

https://www.luxurylife-osho-internationalmeditation-resort-pune-in-india

3.46

The Zen garden

49

https://www.osho.com/osho-meditationresort

48

https:/ rejuvenate-at-osho-internationalmeditation-resort https://www.osho.com/osho-meditationresort https:/ rejuvenate-at-osho-internationalmeditation-resort https://www.osho.com/osho-meditationresort https://yoga-map-namaste-world/oshointernational-meditation-resort https://www.luxurylife-osho-internationalmeditation-resort-pune-in-india

CHAPTER 5 – UNDERSTANDING THE SITE 5.1

Map of India, HP (location district Dharamshala)

58

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Elevat ion-map-of-Himachal-Pradesh-state

5.2

village Bhagsu

59

https://earth.google.com/web/

5.3

Site location

59

https://earth.google.com/web/

5.4

Satellite Image of Dharamshala Plan ning Area

60

Notification No.TCP‐F (10) ‐5/2003 loose, dated 12th July 2005

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5.5

Regional Connectivity

61

Google Maps, REPL Analysis

5.6

Elevation map of Dharamshala

62

REPL Analysis

5.7

Slope in Dharamshala Planning Area

63

REPL Analysis

5.8

Trees fond in Dharamshala

64

REPL Reconnaissance Survey

5.9

Average temperature graph of Dharamshala Average Rainfall (mm graph of Dharamshala

67

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/dharams ala-weather-averages/himachal-pradesh

67

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/dharams ala-weather-averages/himachal-pradesh

5.11

Trends of Population

68

Census of India, 2011

5.12

Population Projection

68

City Development Plan, Dharamshala 2035

5.13

Development pattern in Dharamshala

69

REPL Reconnaissance Survey

5.14

Major Tourist Attraction Points

70

REPL Reconnaissance Survey

5.10

CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1

Torii Gate, Japan

74

https://www.britannica.com/topic/torii

6.2

Isha Yoga Center

74

6.3

Walking path of philosophy, Kyoto

74

https://www.footsigns.com/2019/01/trip-toisha-yoga-meditation-center.html https://www.insidekyoto.com/walking-thepath-of-philosophy

6.4

Pathway surrounded by water body

74

http://www.punecityinformation.com/oshogarden-pune.html

6.5

Open air theatre for public gathering in art of living, Bangalore

75

https://www.pxfuel.com/en/search?q=Open+A ir+Theatre

6.6

Common gathering space for small activities

75

India Travelz - A Billion Reasons to Visit India | Osho meditation,

6.7

Natural light from above in Baha’i Temple of South America

75

https://www.dezeen.com/2017/04/10/bahaitemple-south-america-chile-hariripontarini-

6.8

75

https://projects.archiexpo.com/project21701.html

6.9

Natural light from vertical timber louvers in a meditation space, China Presence of pond in Osho center

76

6.10

Presence of water in Pyramid valley

76

6.11

Dome, nine-sided space with nine entrance- Baha’i Temple

76

http://oshobytes.blogspot.com/2009/04/swi mming-meditation.html https://www.ixigo.com/pyramid-valleybengaluru-india https://www.aia.org/showcases/155451bah-temple-of-south-america:21

6.12

Matrimandir, Auroville

76

https://auroville.org/contents/678

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

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1.1 THE PREMISE - BACKGROUND Spirituality derived from the word spirit’ is o broad concept with room for many perspectives. In general it includes o sense of connection to something bigger than ourselves, and typically involves a search for meaning in life. It may be described as on experience of being sacred or transcendent or simply a deep sense of aliveness.

The individual description of spirituality may change throughout one’s life, become accustomed to one’s own experiences.

One needs a certain time for ourselves to realise and analyze their

Fig 1.1: Spirituality

inner most consciousness. It is only at such instances that one realizes the importance of selfhealing and self-awakening. In the new generation that we all are a part of, has outgrown the important of sustaining what was given to us. Humans have now got o tendency to get attracted to what is outside them and not what lies within.

To fill this void that has created a vast change in the human race, spiritual spaces are a need of the hour. Though peace can be found anywhere and everywhere but, because of the hush and bush around us, people are getting away from the real spirituality i.e. ‘connection with your inner self.’

Therefore, because of the imbalance that is being created has to change in terms of human well-being giving an opportunity to the vast study of architecture to put forward its intelligence in creating spaces that will attract humans for their own benefits and that it will keep them at a distance from the commercial world.

It is through architecture that human have tried to achieve internal peace, inner contentment and spirituality. Architecture is a phenomenon that defines the quality of the built environment whilst accommodating various functions. Architecture is not simply the design of buildings, that ore mere physical enclosures. On the contrary, it is an expression of thoughts, preferences, beliefs and emotions in built form, symbolically communicating with its users. Spiritualty is aimed at all cultures and people of all communities ore approached to HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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embark on that journey. Architecture relates to the spirit of a place — an environment where man engages for his daily activities. Such a place can be defined by cosmic, spiritual and natural qualities such as light, sound, air, water bodies, green landscape, open-to-sky spaces and climatic conditions. Spirituality and architecture are interlinked where different layers lead to the creation of a holistic environment.

According to Swami Paramananda (2005), spiritual practices are undertaken by an individual to develop his inner and divine qualities lo attain eternal happiness and bliss.

Meditation is a means by which spirituality can be attained and people can realize their inner self.

Thus. Spirituality and Architecture are interlinked where different layers lead to the creation of a Contemplative Environment.

Fig 1.2: Layers of contemplative environment

PROCESSES OF INTERACTION: In ancient world these two main forms of knowledge. Nature and spirituality were not in conflict however were understood to possess a deep and subtle connection. Man's knowledge of himself complemented his understanding of the universe and shaped the idea for a powerful and healthy relationship to the creation during which he lived. It is this disconnect between these 2 varieties of information that is inflicting several of the challenges that we have tendency to face as a world community these days.

An intimate reference to the setting is mould into the human psyche. Traditionally, nature, mountains, rivers, trees, the sun, the moon have continuously been worthy in ancient cultures.

It's only we have a tendency to begin moving removed from our affiliation to nature and ourselves that we start polluting and destroying the setting. We’d like to revive these attitudes that foster our reference to nature for the advantages of humans and therefore the external setting.

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1.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 

How can architecture intervene the existing natural environments so that humans can connect with their inner spiritual being & the spirit of the external environment?



What is the role of order in arranging the elements of architecture for creating the sense of spirituality?



How do the human senses and perception of spiritual experiences contribute to the spirit of a place’?  This has been proven with the factors such as exposure to nature, physical activities, and use of colours, light. With the combination of all these factors this thesis focus to expose humans in a facility with architecture as an enabler for developing spiritual health by resonating, acknowledging and connecting with the surroundings.  It rejuvenates your spirit. It’s a way of refiling your reserves, enabling you to meet your own needs and the needs of those who depends on you. It produce an emotionally rich architecture to evoke all senses -visual, touch, smell, sound and last spiritual sense.  Well, if we know ourselves from within, this can be a way of dealing the extremes in us .When does a person be all by himself? When he is all alone, yes, but also at the right place. The topic of spirituality offers an opportunity to explore various architectural approaches in the research study .Architecture deals with spaces, people and their engagement in a place. Spiritual Architecture is serene as it allows man to engage in NATURE and its immediate environment but with a strong sense of awareness of what they are surrounded with.  In spiritual architecture there is a sense of order, discipline, geometry, proportions and simplicity which can be vividly seen in the work of Architect Tadao Ando. He states that. “Architecture should be experienced with one’s senses rather than through the media, which is overriding importance”.

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1.3AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AIM:  The aim is to design simple yet timeless beautiful centre that invokes positivity, enhance the process of healing and spirituality in a person. The most important part is to design an architectural language that present not only as a catalyst, but as a route for conversation between human soul and universal energy.  A strive to build the spirit of place rather than a concrete enclosure.

Architecture is a best coordinator for better spiritual health rather than being the focus of attraction.

OBJECTIVES:  To create humble and smoothing spaces  Revive connection of man and nature and pay nature due respect  The major consternation would be on the study of architectural qualities that are necessary in creating a spiritual environment.  To design architecturally in terms of spaces and not just plans and elevations  Different aspects of architecture will be analysed with relevance to nature and context.

1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS SCOPE:  This research will cover all the tangible and intangible requirements provided for creating healing environment.  The main crucial focus of this research will be more on the metaphysical a symbolic feature of design.  There will be a quick analysis on the aspects of faith and nature.

1.4 .1: PROGRAM: a) Homely atmosphere:

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

Retreat club spa - anti stress



Spiritual counselling



Retreat workshops



Meditation centre in nature



Authentic healing modalities



Individual process



Yoga centre

b) Connection to nature – 

Air quality



Landscaped yard



Plaza including trees, shrubs etc.



Viewing/ walk in garden



Daylight component



Nature window sight



Garden accessible to patients



Sound of water and attraction of birds to the fountain are particularly respected

c) Social structure 

Green lawn for social improvement in structure.



Imaginative maze for children.



Enclosed sitting terrace or patio within a nature surrounding.



Elements in the social dayroom.

d) Outcome: 

Change in attitudes of people



Mentally and physically relaxing activities



Creating a healthy environment



It encourage people to become active and go out to relax



Helps to heal people through design and spaces

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1.4 .2: SITE STATEMENT I.

INTRODUCTION/ SITE LOCATION Dharamshala lies on the spur of the Dhauladhar Range of the Outer Himalayas of India. This beautiful range rises out to a height of 5200 metres (17,000ft).

This spiritual capital is in the Kangra Valley and is surrounded by dense coniferous forests consisting mainly of stately Deodar Cedar trees. The city of Dharamshala is divided into two parts, the lower division is the Dharamshala town whereas the upper division is known as Mcleodganj. Blessed with spectacular scenes of nature, the calm and serene hill stations Bhagsu is a village near Mcleodganj in Dharamshala district, Himachal Pradesh. Bhagsunag is located at a distance of 11 km from Dharamshala. It’s among the best tourist attractions in Dharamshala. Because of the waterfall and close proximity to Mcleodganj, Dharamkot and the Triund Trek, Bhagsu has become a popular place for tourists to stay.

Lower Dharamshala is the busy commercial area. If you find yourself visiting during peak tourist season, escape to the pilgrimage site of Bhagsunag, two kilometres from Mcleodganj.

Home to the spectacular Bhagsu falls and an ancient temple built in honour of Lord Shiva, this is a great place for some spiritual sightseeing in Dharamshala.

DHARAMSHALA

Fig 1.3: Map of India (location Himachal Pradesh)

Map of Himachal Pradesh (location district Dharamshala)

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Fig 1.4: village Bhagsu

Fig 1.5: site location

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II.

PHYSICAL SETTING Geographically Dharamshala is positioned 23˚13’ North latitude and 76˚19’ East longitude.

The slope of the town varies from area to area. The upper part of the town is situated at an alti tude of 2100 meter and the lower part of the town is situated at an elevation of 1250 m.

Figure 1.6: Satellite Image of Dharamshala Planning Area Source: Notification No. TCP‐F (10)‐5/2003 loose, dated 12th July 2005.

III.

TOPOGRAPHY Dharamshala consists of a compact land locked area and can be divided into two widely dissimilar tracts – the lower Dharamshala and the upper Dharamshala. Lower Dharamshala is having administrative set up, markets, residential areas etc whereas upper Dharamshala is situated at higher altitude also known as Mcleodganj.

There are no major rivers in Dharamshala therefore; Planning Area extracts water from vario us streams and waterfalls that come down from glaciers from nearby areas. Soil available in t he area is fertile which is suitable for rice, wheat and tea.

IV.

CONNECTIVITY Dharamshala is well connected through road and air with different parts of Himachal Pradesh and other States. Connectivity by different modes is as follows:

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RAIL Dharamshala Planning Area does not have railway line but nearest broad gauge railway statio n is in Pathankot which is 94 km from Dharamshala. Nearest narrow gauge railway station is at Kangra, 17 km from Dharamshala which connects to Pathankot.

ROAD Dharamshala is accessible through NH 503, SH 17 and major district road (MDR) 45 and other local roads. Major cities connected through Dharamshala are Palampur, Mubarikpur, Pathankot, Mcleodganj etc. Buses run daily between Dharamshala and major cities such as C handigarh, Delhi, and Shimla. Several buses (private and government) connect Mcleodganj with Delhi.

AIR Dharamshala can be reached by Gaggal airport, about 15 km from the town. Direct flights op erate to and from Delhi and Chandigarh only.

V.

. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL Dharamshala has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate. With an average of 23.5 °C | 74.4 °F, June is the warmest month. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 6.4 °C | 43.6 °F. In Dharamshala, rainfall is experienced around the year. The maximum average rainfall up to 895mm can be experienced in the month of July and august, making Dharamshala as one of the wettest places in the state. Autumn is mild and lasts from October to the end of November

LIMITATIONS:  However, the main challenge is study the elements of architecture that is appropriate for everybody.  The major concentration would be on the study of architectural qualities that are necessary in creating a spiritual environment.

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 There will be a brief discussion on the aspects of religion and nature flic major focus of this study will be more on the metaphysical a symbolic aspects of architecture.

1.5 METHODOLOGY NEED OF THE STUDY

Formulating Research Questions and Objectives.

Understanding Scope of Study and setting Limitations Objective and Scope

DATA IDENTIFICATION

To study the Spiritual Qualities of Built Environment

To understand and study the qualitative Parameters of Spiritual Spaces and their Impact on user.

SECONDARY SOURCES

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES

Articles and Research Papers

Case studies and web reference

Data Identification and Collection

ANALYSIS

Formulating framework for data analysis

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

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2.1 PURPOSE OF LITERATURE REVIEW

The intention of literature review is to provide with an overview of ideas, theories and significant literature. This research will be based on an in-depth study of certain philosophies, concepts and theories that will address the issues and problems stated earlier in this document.

As a result, a literature review will comprise these issues that will be critically analyzed and strengthened the appropriate precedents and case studies. The experiential aspects and tactile qualities that enhance a place are discussed in the theory of phenomenology. The natural environment will be investigated in relation to qualities that affect man physically, mentally and spiritually. The relationship between man and his environment will be analyzed.

2.2 CATEGORIZATION OF LITERATURE

Building connections between architecture, design and spiritual experiences ‘SPIRITIJALITY IN PLACE”- is a notion which seeks the qualities of the built environment that contribute to places which, through their physical design, allows the user to find greater meaning in their surroundings, It is important to understand and develop a link between architecture, design and spiritual experience as these will later make its user experience the meaning, beauty, poetics, connection, atmosphere and other ethereal, invisible aspects of a place. The development and justification of a framework begins to unite spirituality and place, moving towards a holistic relationship between architecture, people and their environment.

2.2.1 Pre “research-question “stage Understanding of the terms- SPIRITUAL

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Fig 2.1: understanding the relationship of the topic Source: dissertation/data/ISSUU%20PDF%20Downloader.pdf

“THE ART OF SPIRITUAL. LIVING”- Throughout the ages, the mystics, saints, sages, and yogis have all given us the same answer: to develop a personal relationship with God — one that connects us with Spirit in our everyday lives. Spiritual living is a practical approach to developing that relationship. Considering the ancient times when people routine themselves according to the natural phenomenon i.e. “early to bed-early to rise” made humans healthy, wealthy and wise. Going back in time people were more concerned about their health rather than any other external factor of living. The only difference that has emerged now is due to the growth of humans .People now are more focused on the tangibles than on the intangibles i.e. inclined more towards technology than any other natural phenomenon.

For the next generation, the ancient ideologies have become mundane that has limited their growth in terms of health and natural being There has been a major shill in the standard of living in terms of health and well-being that people have forgotten to analyze themselves .The role of architecture now comes into picture as, architecture gives life to such space .Spirituality can be found anywhere and everywhere but there has been a major ignorance in the society’ that they lack in understanding this little difference for which there is a need to establish separate spaces for people to actually find peace and inner-contentment. Thus, the idea of spiritual architecture comes into existence

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2.3: PHENOMENOLOGY OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE 2.3.1: Spiritual practices

Healing energies are one of the types where healers can channel the healing energies into a patient and effect positive results. Spiritual healing is a positive flow of energies which can be channelized through the art of healing. Healing has various processes which include Reiki, Yoga, Meditation and these benefits the human body.

Spirituality is believed to be the ultimate solution to all problems. The nature of pure spirituality has been distorted and therefore people have negative attitudes at those who are supposedly spiritual. Hence, spiritual practice aims at making the individual realize and experience that he lives eternally as a free spirit.

Our body has some specific centers called the “Energy Centers” These energy centers are the trigger points that draw the energy and distribute all over in other parts. The seven fundamental chakras are known as First chakra Muladhara, which is located at the perineum, the space between the anal outlet and the genital organ; Second chakra Swadhisihana, which is just above the genital organ; Third chakra Manipuraka, which is just below the navel; Fourth chakra Anahata, which is just beneath where the rib cage meets; Fifth chakra Vishuddha, which is at the pit of the throat Sixth chakra Ajna, which is between the eyebrows and; Seventh chakra Sahasraru, also known as brahmarandra,

Fig 2.2: The seven energy centers

which is at the top of the head, where when a child is born, there is a soft spot.

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2.3.2: Spirituality and architecture

Spirituality is a sense of achieving inner contentment through various processes like meditation, religious beliefs, yoga, etc. The process of cleansing the mind from all impressions, wrong education and habits is called the spiritual practice. With these characteristics in mind it is possible to develop an idea of what a “spiritual experience” might look like for someone who engages themselves with their surroundings.

Spirituality and architecture arc interlinked where different layers lead to the creation of a holistic environment. The tactile and sensory nature of architecture enables man to integrate with the built environment physically, psychologically and visually. These qualities of architecture can be expressed as space that evokes and invokes spiritual responses in people.

These qualities can therefore be used to establish a spiritual place.

2.3.3: Holistic environment Holistic environment is primarily associated with treating the whole person through the built environment i.e. the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. Therefore, balance and harmony are vital and need to be restored in the body. In architecture, one can witness this through the various buildings but one of the profound designs is the holiday villa in Karuizawa, Japan, could well owe something to Frank L.loyd Wright’s Falling water both buildings fit perfectly into their respective natural surroundings, while also echoing nature in their design As its name suggests, the villa, which is set in woodland, is reminiscent of a shell. Being in sync with nature isn't about yielding to nature - it's about coexistence. The

Fig 2.3: Shell Residence, Japan

existence of the structure depends on

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/11602/shell-artechnic-architects

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its power to endure nature.

By isolating living space from the wilderness, and upgrading its quality as a shelter, the house will be protected from nature and will provide a comfortable environment.

East – West Section

Fig 2.4: Shell Residence 3D Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2009/01/04/shell-by-artechnic-architects/

2.3.4: Serene Qualities of spiritual architecture

Through various readings and references we can now state that spirituality can be justified through the source of architecture. Architecture has evolved through time and spirituality is one term which has been derived through the principles of architecture it is through time that various architects and designers have started believing in designing spaces which are not limited to its façade but also has a meaning behind it.

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Tadao Ando’s philosophy of designing has helped generate such the intangibles to tangibles.

Ando believes that the aim of all religions is the same, but there exists different ways to achieve it. But his architectural work expresses spirituality which is neutral, to all seekers of spirituality and not particularly of a given religion. Spiritual architecture is accompanied by an experiential feel into the space.

For example, the Church of Light is a

Fig 2.5: Church of the Light – illustrating natural light an integrated

rectangular box angled by a bisecting

feature of holistic atmosphere

free-standing concrete wall that directs

Source: https://www.archdaily.com.br/classicos-da-arquitetura-

the visitors into the chapel.

igreja-da-luz-tadao-ando

2.4: BRIEF REVIEW OF REFERRED DOCUMENT

A basic review has to be done on the documents and articles that are referred during the research process. Some of the relatable and important documents have been quoted below:  Cayser Hussain(2015) healing Spaces in Architecture — A Study that explores the ability of space to enhance healing This research focuses on interconnection of’ human being with built environment and surroundings by physical, mental, emotional and spiritual means. It presents architecture is an artistic expression and it takes a holographic approach at the effectiveness of art to promote healing. Therapy of connecting with the inner-self to bring about change in a person’s lived experience.

Four connections that has to be addressed while designing.

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•

The connection to Self: space of own retrospection. The space must be comfortable and a reflection of oneself.

•

The connection with the City: site in part of the city to arrive conveniently with public transport but detached from the fast pace of the city.

Fig 2.6: meditation connection with self

Fig 2.7: Connection with nature and sunlight

Source:https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/meditati on-man

Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/26/fresidence-gosize-concrete-house-office-hyogo-japan/

•

The connection with Nature: A physical and visual link, access to the gardens and light courts gives sovereignty. Outdoor spaces with lusting green and the sound of water to heal the agitation.

•

The connection with Light: Natural sunlight kills harmful bacteria and it is symbol of growth and life, controlled natural light provide sensual space an emotive quality.

 Emotional architecture — A study by Tadao Ando c Genius Loci Design philosophy and design syntax: The reading suggested the design philosophies and ideologies that have been used by Tadao Ando. His philosophy of designing: a. five senses design mode b. Minimal design syntax mode and c. Detail composition syntax with sky, light and water.

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Fig 2.8: Chichi Art Museum - showing the relation of built with nature Source: https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/naoshima-art-island

The primitive idea was to understand his design principles and how his work gave people a peace of mind and calmness. This article also included some of his famous works like- The Chichi Art museum, which was designed keeping earth and nature in mind, similar to a building embedded in the earth.(above figure )

2.5: AREAS OF RESEARCH

2.5.1: Architecture for the spirit - Body, Mind, Spirit The spiritual body is organized into seven primary chakras, or energy centers which connect with the physical body, which is why we often manifest physical symptoms from an emotional experience.

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Each and every chakra is responsible for different feelings and is affected by different external and internal factors.

Balance of all the chakras is important for the human wellbeing.

For the spiritual health architecture needs to understand the function of different chakras so that informed interventions are made to the environment.

Fig 2.9: location of chakras in the human body Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/throat-chakrahealing#how-to-heal

CROWN CHAKRA

THIRD EYE CHAKRA

THROAT CHAKRA

HEART CHAKRA

SOLAR PLEXUS CHAKRA

SACRAL CAKRA

ROOT CHAKRA

Spiritual unity, meditation, transcendence

Balance, inner guidance, institution, consciousness

Seat of wisdom, independence , communicatio n

Seat of love for oneself and others, center of awareness

Place of vitality, will, mental abilities, optimism

Place of scared creation, feeling the outer and inner world

(Seat of grounding , survival, safety)

Trees that form a symbolic gate represent the last chakra. Guests returning home after the mediation will go through the gate full of blissful union with all that is, of spiritual ecstasy.

It is the center of intuition and balance. Can be represent by sculpture made of stones placed on each other in ideal balance.

The Throat chakra is about the expression of yourself.

There should be a private space for everyone and a common for communication arid recreation.

Anahata is associated with the breath and its movement. Wide, double height, airy space is perfect for the yoga practice and breathing exercises.

Manipura chakra is traditionally related to the element of fire.

It has a connection with the sun, heat, the energy of light, all forms of power.

Representing the sacral chakra is the owner’s house. It symbolizes the hospitality and good relationship with guest and with each other.

Symbolizing the first chakra is the farm. Animals and plants take energy of the earth and transmit it through to the people- this is the basic of life.

Color: red

Color: orange

Color: yellow

Colour: green &pink

Color: blue

Color: violet

Color: white

Element: earth

Element: water

Element: fire

Element: love

Element : air

Element: earth

Element: Light

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Mind-Body-Spirit Energy Distribution Graph

Fig 2.10: Mind-Body-Spirit Energy Distribution Graph Source: http://drarvindersingh.com/energy -distribu tion/

Mind (34%) – In the chart, the mind area shows your focus on creativity, mental and emotional expression and communication.

Body (23%) – The body area shows your focus on body related activities and physical results.

Spirit (43%) – In the chart the spirit area shows that your focus is on spirituality, personal development, feeling, intuition, etc.

2.5.2: Process of interaction –

Physical exercise meditation nature therapyIn the ancient world these two forms of knowledge i.e. Nature and spirituality were not in conflict but were understood to have a deep and subtle connection. Man’s knowledge of himself complemented his understanding of the universe and formed the basis for a strong and healthy relationship to the creation in which he lived. It is this disconnect between these two types of knowledge that is causing many of the challenges that we face as a global community today.

An intimate relationship with the environment is built into the human psyche. Historically, nature, mountains, rivers, trees, the sun, the moon have always been honored in ancient HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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cultures. It’s only when we start moving away from our connection to nature and ourselves that we begin polluting and destroying the environment. We need to revive these attitudes that foster our connection with nature for the benefits of humans and the external environment NATURE THERAPY ACTIVITIES 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Nature meditation Horticultural therapy Animal- assisted therapy Physical exercise in a natural environment Involvement in conservation activities

Fig 2.11: nature meditation

Fig 2.12: horticulture therapy

Source: https://hopehospice.com/blog/therole-of-spiritual-care-in-hospice/

Source: /horticultural-therapist-grows-planttherapy-program-at-carrier-clinic/

MEDITATION 1. Open-monitoring meditation/ Vipassana 2. Focused mediation i. Zen meditation (breath) ii. Transcendental meditation (mantra) 3. Reflective mediation 4. Heart centered mediation 5. Creative meditation

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Fig 2.13: types of meditation Source: https://meditation77.com/meditation-guide-what-is-meditation/

2.5.3: The external environment – smell, light, sound, air, colour

EFFECTS OF BUILT EINVIRONMENT: The built environment can affect health directly and indirectly either through immediate, passive impact (e.g. effects of indoor environmental quality) or by influencing behaviours that can affect health, which can involve individuals' active participation (e.g. encouraging walking to increase physical activity).

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SMELL Pleasant aromas-reduce blood pressure, slow respiration and lower pain- perception levels.

Negative odors -stimulate anxiety, stress and fear.

LIGHT Light - defining a space, dramatic lighting for creating sense of spirituality

SOUND/NOISE

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY

Natural sounds-calming effect improves sleep and work quality. Music- relaxes the mind and stimulates the positive vibrations.

Variation in environmentreduced depression levels, cognitive functioning of users, stimulate positive responses in the brain.

TEMPERATURE

FRESH AIR AND VENTILATION

Natural ventilation- regulates indoor temperature.

Climatologically sensitive design provokes healing.

Fresh air is beneficial to the mental health. Natural air – improves indoor air quality, relieve stress.

COLOR THERAPY:

Warm, vital, loosens, and opens up clogs, releases stiffness and constrictions.

Relieving repressions, sense of relief Mental Inspiration and stimulation, strengthen the nerves and the mind.

Healing and soothing effect Cooling, electric, sedative effect.

Freeing and purifying effect Nourishment to the cells Balance and harmony

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2.6: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

ISSUE The existing therapy facility on the other part of the state does not possess the approach healthy built environment.

There is a lack of facility in the study area that provide therapy for the physically disabled people and mobility impaired community.

There are very small number of facility that are friendly towards physically disabled people and mobility impaired community.

IMPACT The built environment that will continuously be built in the future will still lacking in humanistic value and will negatively impact the people reside in it.

Facility and structure that were to built-in the future will not be able to access by physically disabled people and mobility impaired community.

SOLUTION Contribute in framing a whole comprehensive guideline and requirement for physically disabled people and community in the mobility impaired future development.

Create awareness among public community towards the needs of people with disability in order to diminish the gap between societies.

Table: Theoretical Research Framework

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CHAPTER 3 SPIRITUAL QUALITIES OF CASE STUDIES

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3.1: CASE STUDIES: FORM AND GEOMETRY

3.1.1 Matrimandir, Auroville

ABOUT: Location: Auroville, TamilNadu, India Architect: Roger Anger (French Architect) Project year: Started: February 1971 Completed: February 2008 Vegetation: palm trees, shrub cover Fig 3.2: location map

Fig 3.1: Master plan of Auroville

CLIMATE: warm and humid climate INTRODUCTION: •

At the very center of Auroville, one finds the ‘soul of the city’, the Matrimandir, situated in a large open area called ‘peace’, from which the future township will radiate outside.

•

The spacious inner chamber is the upper hemisphere of the structure is completely white, with white marble walls and white carpeting.

•

In the center a pure crystal glass globe, suffuses a ray of electronically guided sunlight which falls on it through an opening at the apex of the sphere.

•

There are no images, no organized meditations, no flowers, no incense, no religion and no religious forms.

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Fig 3.3: map of the park of unity

Matrimandir is divided into two parts 1. Inner chamber: which has 12 meditation rooms and the main hall of Matrimandir 2. Outer chamber: which has 12 gardens , amphitheatre , banyan tree , inner park and the future lake

Fig 3.4: Vertical Section of the Matrimandir

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Fig 3.4: Vertical Section of the Matrimandir

Inner Chamber The spacious Inner Chamber in the upper hemisphere of the Matrimandir is cornpletely white, with white marble walls and deep, white carpeting.

In the centre sits a pure crystal-glass globe which suffuses a ray of electronically guided sunlight that falls on it through on opening at the apex of the sphere. This luminescent globe radiates natural



lighting in the Inner Chamber.

The twelve pillars in the chamber in e made of steel.



Surrounding the Mothers symbol they stand erect and abruptly end in the middle of the chamber with their open ends pointing towards the ceiling,



indicating the continuity of their lengths. Thus the chamber with twelve pillars in Matrimandir represents ‘A Thousand-Pillared Home’ in Heaven.

Fig 3.5: Section and plan of the Inner Chamber

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Fig 3.6: level 1: entrance of one of the twin central spiral staircases

Fig 3.7: level 2: ramp

Fig 3.8: entrance of meditation cell

Fig 3.9: ‘Lotus pond’ below the Matrimandir

The Four Pillars The four pillars that support the structure al Matrimandir, and carry the Inner Chamber, hove been set at the four main directions of the compass.

They depict the four aspects or personalities of the mother. 

Maheshwari (South Pillar)



Mahakoli (North Pillar)



Mahalakshmi (East Pillar)



Mahasaraswoti (West Pillar)

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OUTER CHAMBER The “Park of Unity” would consist of twelve gardens representing the “twelve attributes of the Mother” and that eventually the Matrimandir and its Park of Unity would be surrounded by a Lake. A lone Banyan tree is the geographical centre of the town.

Fig 3.11: Open air theatre

Fig 3.12: ‘Park of unity’-garden

STRUCTURE

Fig 3.13: Four set of pillars

Fig 3.14: Up to chamber level

INFERENCE: • The principal load carrying members of the superstructure are the four pairs of sickleshaped, 38m high reinforced concrete piers.

•

Each pair of piers is 2.1m wide. Their thickness is 40cm above ground level and varies from 40cm to 70cm below.

• First came the foundations and the four pairs of piers supporting the entire structure.

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3.1.2 Pyramid valley international, Bangalore

Fig 3.15: Pyramid valley view

ABOUT: Location: Kebbedoddi village kanakapura Taluk (30ms from Bangalore) Architect: Ar.Nilesh Chopra, Bharathi Prem Area: 28 acres Year of completion: 2008 Topography: undulating terrain, because of its location in platue region.

Fig 3.16: location map

Vegetation: dry deciduous forest-type.

CLIMATE: tropical savanna climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons.

CONCEPT: Thematic architecture every element of the architecture, interiors and landscape is carefully chosen to be thematic. So, even the gardens around and the colours used for the landscaping are all specially chosen for their spiritual compatibility and for enhancing inner harmony and peace, we are informed.

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PLANNING PRINCIPL ES : The pyramid is oriented along the north south axis, the planning is influenced by the functions incorporated in the campus, and hierarchy is applied for the pyramid to stand out from rest of the environment, which is the most important space of the campus.

Maitreya-Buddha Pyramid: The Pyramid, with a capacity of about 5000 people, is the world’s largest Pyramid built on lines of Pyramid of Giza solely for practising mediation. It has a base area of 160ft X 160ft and is 102ft in height.

Fig 3.17: Maitreya-Buddha pyramid view

The exterior surface of the pyramid is covered by beautiful murals depicting various elements of nature: •

The north face represents air

•

The south face represents fire

•

The east face represents water

•

The west face represents earth

SITE ZONING: The pyramid, office, parking, research institutes, and amenities are zoned within the reach of visitors to use them without hassle, whereas units like cottages, tents, holistic health centre, spiritual theme park, tree of life, and other spaces which need calmness are zoned in a isolated location free from visitors intrusion.

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CAFETARIA: located overlooking the lake and the

THE LUMBINI GARDENS: The lumbini

gigantic Pyramid. This block can be accessed

garden is a Zen garden designed for

through a small bridge over the rain water channel

meditation purposes, a Zen garden gives a

built with clay ‘Jaali’ blocks.

calming effect on the users

Fig 3.18: Cafeteria View 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

Fig 3.19: Lumbini Garden

GATE AND SECURITY DESK PARKING MEDITATION ROOM DORMITORY TOILET GUEST HOUSES ORIENTATION BLOCK STAFF QUARTERS CONFERENCE HALL AMPHITHEATRE DINNING HALL / KITCHEN BHUDDHA STATUE BAMBOO BRIDGE CAFETERIA PAGODA COTTAGE MEDITATION AREA

PAGODA COTTAGES: The cottages are designed such that they dictate sheer simplicity and the architecture treads very lightly on the KABHIR BHAVAN- Pyramid shaped mediation

ground on which these cottages sit, bringing into

centre. The bare brick structure with aluminium

focus minimalism of the structures, while also

windows dictates simplicity and minimalism.

being comfortable and aesthetically pleasing.

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Fig 3.20: Kabhir Bhavan floor plans

Fig 3.21: View of Pagoda cottage

M AT E R IA LS : Exposed brickwork and unplastered concrete ceilings. The architecture with this pallets of materials treads very lightly on the ground, bringing into focus the minimalism of the structures establishing a dialogue with the surrounding land and nature without imposing on them. The deliberate raw and rustic feel of the structure is a conscious effort in an attempt to express the materials in the truest forms.

Fig 3.22: Predominant material palette

INFER ENCE: 

The features of the site and surroundings are used very well, the structures at Pyramid valley International are simple, plain, what stands out is the aesthetic value of this simplicity.



Apart from visiting pyramid, major activities at the Pyramid Valley include seminars, workshops and annual conferences. Meditational classes and spiritual talks dot the events calendar at Pyramid Valley.

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3.2: CASE STUDIES: SPIRITUAL RETREAT

3.2.1: Quiet Healing Centre, Auroville, India

Fig 3.23: site view

ABOUT: Location: Auroville, TamilNadu, India Architect: Ar.Poppo Pingel + Ar. Mona doctor Area: 866.1 sqm Project year: 1993 Site description: it is located in banks of Bay of Bengal

Figure 3.24: location map

Vegetation: palm trees + shrub cover Topography: no contours

CLIMATE: warm and humid climate INTRODUCTION: The aim is to bring the participant into contact therewith deeper a part of his being from that well his own healing energies and to equip him with the data and techniques whereby that contact could also be maintained when he leaves the programme.

The healing work on Quiet is predicated on the understanding that person is 1st and foremost HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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a belief seeking to specific its truth through the instrumentality of mental, very important and physical nature. It offers a large style of natural healing therapies. It’s an area to relax, rejuvenate, recharge and heal.

SITE CONTEXT: The site selected for this project connects the place well to each nearest community, community, and town and on different side of nature. One side the structure is enclosed by tall palm trees and Bay of geographical region. The opposite side ends up in the Pondicherry market and town any connecting to heart of Auroville. Therefore the necessity of silent atmosphere for the therapies is consummated further they're well connected to community.

Fig 3.25: Zoning

The built up and open space zoning explains that the structure is well calculatedly with green open spaces in between therefore maintaining the association of nature from exterior to interior. The project isn't nevertheless designed fully as planned, the extension is aimed to be in-built looming future. The sectionalisation of areas as per the activities is calculatedly, separating the personal and public zones.

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Fig 3.26: Activity Zoning

SITE PLAN + ORGANISATION: 1-Security Cabin 2- Parking 3-Guest rooms 4-reception 5-Healing Spheres 6- Extended Residential Block 7- Consulting rooms 8-water body 9-storage

Located on the dry land makes it extremely vulnerable to cyclones. The structures are well spaced out to minimize the impact of any injury caused due to cyclones.

Fig 3.27 site plan

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CIRCULATION+ MOVEMENT

The circulation of the location is well managed and separated. The frequently coming vehicular doesn’t disturb the activities on site. There is only one node making a traffic node, when there is service vehicle movement.

Fig 3.28: circulation plan

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

 All the medical aids in circles are placed within the front however the direct entry is restricted.  All the services like kitchen, linen, and other storages are places at the rear of the building  The different zones are organised based on the hierarchy of privacy level.  All the medical aids and corridor spaces opens within the inner courtyards.  Pedestrian movement is regulated all over the building

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OPENSPACES:  Open spaces are very well united with the built- form  All the linkage like corridors are connected physically to the consultation rooms and visually to the courtyards.  The restricted link is established for the therapy room to avoid the disturbance by different users.  The passageway floor sab is elevated from the bottom level provides floating impact to the building.

MATERIAL USED: 

The major artefact incorporated in this construction is native brick, lime mortar, lime concrete and bio concrete



Dome is cladded with broken mosaic tiles to avoid eater water seepage and also the radiation within the building.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:

Fig 3.29: Therapy Room Section The hot and wet climate on web site compelled the creator to use materials that will resist damp. Thus, porous materials like top notch bricks, lime mortar and timber are used.

The domes square measure cladded with China mosaic that reflects most a part of the warmth incident on that, helping to keep the healing rooms cool throughout the day

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(Fig 3.30: Cross ventilation) -

Cross ventilation through double ceilings and dome.

Because of high humidity level, the architect also gave equal importance to the climatic

design principles.

These panels are directed in North-South direction so the cruel incident daylight is focused on the star panels. The inexperienced cowl acts as buffer from the noise round the web site, making peaceful atmosphere for healing.

(Fig 3.31: Hall of Harmony)

(Fig 3.32: Opening within the buttress with precast concrete rings used typically for septic tank.)

(Fig 3.33: Courtyards joining the structure)

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(Fig 3.34: Connecting inside to outside- Transitional space)

INFERENCE: 

Separation of therapy area, public and personal private spaces.



Use of multifunctional spaces and passageway.



Good integration of climate factors that can affect the built-form.



The site for the centre is a transitional zone between busy city zone and the calm peaceful beach (Nature) and busy city life.



Usage of native materials and native local artisans has created it economically and environmentally sustainable.



The planning and designing of the center is so done that the nature has been merged with the indoors providing small pockets of open and semi-open spaces, therefore serving in helping the treatment procedures too.



The little details have helped the project be aesthetically higher.

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3.2.2: Osho International Meditation Retreat

Fig 3.35: site view

ABOUT: Location: Pune, Maharashtra Architect: Hafeez Contractor Year of completion: 1974 Site description: The osho international retreat is oriented on a North south axis.

Total area: 32 acre Area of the site of pyramid complex: 5.5 acre (excluding Nala Park) Total built-up area of pyramidal complex: 1.5 acre (6640 sq. m)

Fig 3.36: location map

Distance from railway station: 1.5 km Distance from airport: 6.5km CLIMATE: Hot semi-arid climate with tropical wet and dry with average temperature raging 20 to 28c

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INTRODUCTION: It is described as a high class life with thousands of visitors annually. It is one of the largest growing spiritual centres in the world with an attraction of two hundred thousand visitors per annum. The site is accessed by private vehicles or cabs. The site is reachable from all directions. The centre is also a meeting place for friends on a global platform The meditation and yoga offers various techniques to be free of stress and strain of worldly life. One of the major teachings of Osho is silence that can be achieved through meditation. The building was designed to express this principle of silence. Hence, one can see that the materials used are simple without ornamentation and merge with an existing natural landscape.

SITE CONTEXT:    

An L-shaped building has small rooms where people can come and stay.

Adjoining the pyramid is a rectangle block with 60 room’s guest house that has been constructed.

The wall of the residence is in semi-gloss black ceramic tiles with borders and corners in black granite.

The four-storey high guest house are be simple, but elegant and with touch of luxury.

Fig 3.37: map showing land use

Fig 3.38: site plan

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DESIGN FORM The design is the cluster of four building. The large square blocks are the solid pyramids with provision of large meditation halls and other smaller halls below them, an L shaped building has small rooms where people come and stay. The pyramids are oriented on the east. The dirty nallah in site has been converted into a vigorous water body with landscaping all around, providing an attractive setting to the commune. A large tree near the entrance shades the central open public space.

Fig 3.39: Zoning map

Fig 3.40: Movement pattern on the site

ZONING OF THE SITE: Site is about 40 acres of land including the park. It is divided into three zones by tarred roads.

ZONE 1: It consists of auditorium hall, shopping gallery and guest house.

ZONE 2: It consists of recreational hall, club and administration block.

ZONE 3: it consists of workshops, multiversity, halls, accommodation rooms, guest houses, overlooking the Zen gardens.

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CONCEPT OF PYRAMID: within the word pyramid, pyra suggests that fireplace, the universal life energy and preserves it in its bosom it's currently believed that one amongst the most important functions of pyramids must harness the cosmic energies, that unbroken the pyramid interior contemporary and energized.

CONCEPT OF COLOUR There are three basic colours used in the complex: - -black -blue -white Black contains within it, all colours, harness cosmic energies and is stable.

Area of usage- facade

Blue signifies the first colour one perceives after enlightment-the halo of fire Area of usage – all windows

White defines piousness and purity of form.

Area of usage – all interiors

MEDITATION HALL (PYRAMID) Area of the meditation block: 1400 sq. m Area of central hall: 950 sq. m 

The pyramid is 9 storeys high from the skin and six-storeys high from within and absolutely air conditioned



It is supported on simply four pillars, and is floored with dark inexperienced Udaipur marble, it's no carpets or curtains and has

Fig 3.41: pyramid - sitting on a high plinth of about 8m high. The stairway diverges and the converges in front of the entrance to the pyramid

indirect indoor light-weighting except natural light returning in through the wide windows. 

Giving aesthetic bit to the pyramid area unit monumental quantities of water .The pyramid, indeed is encircled by a water body and access thereto is over a little bridge from within one amongst the commune complicated.

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Fig 3.42: the Disco’s – finished with black and dark green Kota polished stones.

Fig 3.44: people having their lunch in the afternoon and relaxing with the nature.

Fig 3.43: hall with an ivory white finish the control over mood lighting is appropriate.

Fig 3.45: the pyramid and the pool are constructed in a manner so that the pyramid look emerged with water.

ACTIVITIES 1. Meditation types (8 types). 

Osho Dynamic Meditation



Osho Kundalini Meditation



Osho Natraj Meditation



Osho Nadahrahma Meditation Osho No-Dimensions



Osho Vipassana Meditation



Osho White Robe Brotherhood

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

Osho Club Meditation

2. Healing arts of east and west 3. Western therapy approaches 4. Esoteric sciences 5. Lectures discourses 6. Library reading room 7. Vocational activities 

Mental arts



Creative arts



Zen sports



Gardening of the lawn

Fig 3.46: the Zen garden

INFERENCE: 

Located in natural surrounding far away from the urban nodes in Pune.



The type of architectural style relates to its surroundings context. Landscaping parts and water bodies are provided to make a serene atmosphere within the outer atmosphere.



Conveys the atmosphere of true presence of nature to convey connection to the user and the site.



They ought to offer a lot of amenities because the retreat center itself is simply too negligible.

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CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH DESIGN

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CHAPTER 4 – RESEARCH DESIGN

4.1 LITERATURE REVIEW LEARNINGS

The inferences generated by the above mentioned referred documents are mentioned below.

Spirituality in architecture can be generated by the use of its elements and their effect can help the human mind attain calmness. Various non-religious buildings also generate such emotions by adequately using the natural elements. Minimalism and monumentality play a major role in generating the feeling of amazement and awe. The study of sacred geometry is not restricted to religious structures but can also be incorporated in any building which will influence the human’s physical, biological and chemical processes due to its proportions.

Understanding of various philosophies and physiologies that affect the humans. Varied philosophies and design practices done in the Western countries have also been given which helps in analyzing and differentiating those with the other countries.

4.2: METHODS OPTED FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ITS JUSTIFICATION Research methods have been explored to provide the basis of collection and analysis of data which was deemed necessary in satisfying the objectives of this study. A systematic method of collecting and analyzing information was established to recommend solutions to problems and issues inferred by the topic. The methodical approach of this study concentrated on site investigations.

Various methods used for data collection are 

Online referencing



Questionnaire



Survey



Participant observer



Library study

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4.2.1: THERAPIST INTERVIEW

INTERVIEW (Therapist point of view) QUESTION: What would you like to see in a mental health facility to focus on healing?

Talked most about the internal environment: 

the main entrances and reception areas should be pleasant and welcoming



the internal appearance should be calming and non-intimidating



the building should have good acoustics



temperatures should be comfortable in all seasons



The air quality should be fresh.

QUESTION: What about the kind of materials and textures you find work best?

Materials, finishes, textures: 

materials and finishes should work with the layout to create a set of varied places with degrees of privacy



finishes, fittings, furniture and notices should be well coordinated and designed to reduce clutter



Selection of finishes and materials needs to take account of infection control issues.

QUESTION: What else do you see helping ease the stress of the patients?

Use of art to enhance the healing environment: 

Art should be an integral part of the design of the interior



The design should make provision for changing art displays



The design could make provision for presentations of the performing arts



The design could allow for art activities to take place for patients and staff.

QUESTION: Any concluding remarks concerning this topic based on your experience?

Irrespective of the size of the building the scale should be considered from the point of view of patients, visitors and staff so as to make them welcome.

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4.2.2: PSYCHOLOGIST INTERVIEW

INTERVIEW (Psychologist point of view) QUESTION: What would you like to see in a mental health facility for the future?

Talked about spaces that Lift spirits and help recovery: • The design of the building should aid therapeutic objectives • The building should engender wellbeing and raise patients’ and visitors’ spirit QUESTION: What do you hope the design would do?

Express excellence • The design should express a strong positive image of the health service • The building should raise staff morale.

• The design should embody a clear and coherent vision confidently communicating its function and aspirations through its physical elements.

QUESTION: What areas of the healing environment should be focussed on?

Set out requirements for functional content and space standards • public and entrance areas • social spaces for patients, staff and public • children’s areas • scope for external franchises and other add-ons • plant and servicing • exterior terraces, play areas, etc.

QUESTION: Do you have any thoughts about the use of color, natural light vs. artificial light, shading, etc. based on the patient's responses you have witnessed?

Color: • the contribution of color to providing continuity and variety, stimulation and calmness should be thought through • Color schemes should assist way-finding.

Daylight : • daylight should be fully exploited to enhance the experience of patients, staff and public • internal spaces and courtyards should be orientated for optimum sunlight penetration Artificial light : • lighting should be used creatively and sensitively to enhance the use and experience of the interiors

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4.2.3: QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

Following are the answers of the questionnaire conducted, on few doctors and staff.

QUESTION: How the stress of patients could be reduced?

By diverting their mind to beautiful view or art displays, and engaging them in different activities.

QUESTION: How can make a patient feel comfortable?

• Temperature should be comfortable in all season.

• Good acoustic rooms.

• By providing privacy and dignity.

• Fresh and good air quality QUESTION: How day light and artificial light should he used?

Day light• All the spaces should have ample daylight.

• Day light should not create discomfort because of glare.

Artificial light• It should enhance the interior of the building • The building should not have maximum dependency on artificial light.

QUESTION: Do you have any thoughts about the use of color, natural light vs. artificial light, shading, etc. based on the patient's responses you have witnessed?

Color: • the contribution of color to providing continuity and variety, stimulation and calmness should be thought through • Color schemes should assist way-finding.

Daylight : • daylight should be fully exploited to enhance the experience of patients, staff and public • internal spaces and courtyards should be orientated for optimum sunlight penetration Artificial light : • lighting should be used creatively and sensitively to enhance the use and experience of the interiors

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4.3: INFERENCES TAKEN FORM THE DATA COLLECTION

I

Motivational factors that drive tourist to a destination?

MOTIVATION FACTORS AMONG TOURISTS 8%

20% 18%

22%

13%

19% Popularity of destination

Escape from daily routine

Adventure

Temples

Health & spirituality

Relaxed atmosphere

II Is there a need to establish separate spiritual centers?

NEED FOR SPERATE SPIRITUAL CENTERS 18% 2%

80%

YES

NO

MAYBE

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4.4: METHOD OF ANALYSIS

IMPORTANCE OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT What mattered most to People: Space 1 :Promotes connections to staff:

- visual access to caregivers - quick access in emergencies - an effective communication system

2: Is conductive to well-being:

- focus on noise reduction - patient control of room temperature, TV, lighting - negative distractions minimized - accommodation for family - adequate space for grooming and daily tasks - Internet access - storage for personal belongings

3: Is convenient and accessible:

-clarity of way finding on the campus - visible way finding directories & visitor info near entry - short travel distances between destinations - clearly marked entrance and drop-off areas

4: Shows caring for family:

- access to telephones - visiting areas for family with seating in privacy groupings - play space for children - variation in seating to accommodate a wide range of users - private grieving space

5: Facility’s connection to outside

- exterior gardens and opportunities to connect with nature

world:

- views from the bed - keeping in touch via Internet - television

6: Is safe and secure:

- well-lit parking lot - safe path from public transportation - adequate handrails within facility - clearly -marked fire exits

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CHAPTER 5 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE

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CHAPTER 5 – UNDERSTANDING THE SITE

5.1: INTRODUCTION 5.1.1: SITE LOCATION Dharamshala lies on the spur of the Dhauladhar Range of the Outer Himalayas of India. This beautiful range rises out to a height of 5200 metres (17,000ft).

This spiritual capital is in the Kangra Valley and is surrounded by dense coniferous forests consisting mainly of stately Deodar Cedar trees. The city of Dharamshala is divided into two parts, the lower division is the Dharamshala town whereas the upper division is known as Mcleodganj. Blessed with spectacular scenes of nature, the calm and serene hill stations Bhagsu is a village near Mcleodganj in Dharamshala district, Himachal Pradesh. Bhagsunag is located at a distance of 11 km from Dharamshala. It’s among the best tourist attractions in Dharamshala. Because of the waterfall and close proximity to Mcleodganj, Dharamkot and the Triund Trek, Bhagsu has become a popular place for tourists to stay.

Lower Dharamshala is the busy commercial area. If you find yourself visiting during peak tourist season, escape to the pilgrimage site of Bhagsunag, two kilometres from Mcleodganj.

Home to the spectacular Bhagsu falls and an ancient temple built in honour of Lord Shiva, this is a great place for some spiritual sightseeing in Dharamshala.

DHARAMSHALA

Fig 5.1: Map of India (location Himachal Pradesh)

Map of Himachal Pradesh (location district Dharamshala)

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Fig 5.2: village Bhagsu

Fig 5.3: site location

5.1.2: PHYSICAL SETTING Geographically Dharamshala is positioned 23˚13’ North latitude and 76˚19’ East longitude.

The slope of the town varies from area to area.

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The upper part of the town is situated at an altitude of 2100 meter and the lower part of the to wn is situated at an elevation of 1250 m.

Figure 5.4: Satellite Image of Dharamshala Planning Area Source: Notification No. TCP‐F (10) ‐5/2003 loose, dated 12th July 2005.

5.1.3: CONNECTIVITY Dharamshala is well connected through road and air with different parts of Himachal Pradesh and other States. Connectivity by different modes is as follows: RAIL Dharamshala Planning Area does not have railway line but nearest broad gauge railway statio n is in Pathankot which is 94 km from Dharamshala. Nearest narrow gauge railway station is at Kangra, 17 km from Dharamshala which connects to Pathankot.

ROAD Dharamshala is accessible through NH 503, SH 17 and major district road (MDR) 45 and other local roads. Major cities connected through Dharamshala are Palampur, Mubarikpur, Pathankot, Mcleodganj etc. Buses run daily between Dharamshala and major cities such as Chandigarh, Delhi, and Shimla.

AIR Dharamshala can be reached by Gaggal airport, about 15 km from the town. Direct flights operate to and from Delhi and Chandigarh only.

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Fig 5.5: Regional Connectivity (Ariel Distance) and Location of Dharamshala Planning Area Source: Google Maps, REPL Analysis

5.2: NATURAL FACTORS 5.2.1: GEOLOGY The Dharamshala town is situated on the rocks which consist of sandstone with alternating bands of clays, shale and silt stones.

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Highest elevation in the Planning Area is at 2,800m above MSL at a point in the north & the lowest in the south west of the area at 850m above MSL. Terrain of the entire area is undulating.

Elevation in Dharamshala Planning Area

Fig 5.6: Elevation in Dharamshala Planning Area Source: REPL Analysis

Slope of the Planning Area is in the North to South direction. North is having steep s lopes of more than 25% whereas central and southern parts are having comparatively l ess slope of below 10%.

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Slope in Dharamshala Planning Area

Fig 5.7: Slope in Dharamshala Planning Area Source: REPL Analysis

5.2.2: VEGITATION- Flora and Fauna Approximately 95 types of trees, 22 types of shrubs and 12 types of grasses are found in the d istrict as per the data given by Department of Forest, Dharamshala.

Some prominent tree species are Cassia Fistula (Amaltas), Ficus Bengalenses, Aegle

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Marmelos (Bil), Phoenix Sylvestris (Khajoor), Azadaricta Indica, Dalbergia Sisso (Shisha m), Calotropis Procera (Aak), and Pinus Roxburghii (Chil).

Deodar cedar

Picea smithiana (spruce)

Quercus incana (oak)

Dalbergia Sisso (Shisham) ,

Pinus Roxburghii (Chil)

Pink rhododendron

Fig 5.8: Trees fond in Dharamshala Source: REPL Reconnaissance Survey

Some of the faunal species are Monitor Lizard, Common Myna, Gray Partridges, Indian Treepie, Jackal, Langur, Sambhar, Wild Boar, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee Eater, Red Wa tled Lodwing, Rohu, Mangur, and Indian Hare.

5.2.3: CLIMATE AND RAINFALL Dharamshala has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate. With an average of 23.5 °C | 74.4 °F, June is the warmest month. January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 6.4 °C | 43.6 °F. The maximum average rainfall up to 895mm can be experienced in the month of July and august, making Dharamshala as one of the wettest places in the HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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state. Autumn is mild and lasts from October to November. Winter starts in December and continues until late February. Snow and sleet are common during the winter in upper Dharamshala ( including Mcleodganj , Bhagsunag and Naddi) Lower Dharamshala receive little solid precipitation except hail storm sometimes.

Fig 5.9: Average temperature graph of Dharamshala Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/dharamsala-weather-averages/himachal-pradesh/in.aspx

Fig 5.10: Average Rainfall (mm graph of Dharamshala) Source: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/dharamsala-weather-averages/himachal-pradesh/in.aspx

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5.3: TOPOGRAPHY Dharamshala consists of a compact land locked area and can be divided into two widely dissimilar tracts – the lower Dharamshala and the upper Dharamshala. Lower Dharamshala is having administrative set up, markets, residential areas etc whereas upper Dharamshala is situated at higher altitude also known as Mcleodganj.

SOIL: Alluvial soil 5.4: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS

Fig 5.11: Existing Land Use 2017

Fig 5.12: Proposed Land Use 2035

Source: GIS Mapping based on City Development Plan, Dharamshala 2035

Source: GIS Mapping based on City Development Plan, Dharamshala 2035

SOCIAL PROFILE

Fig 5.13: Trends of Population

Fig 5.14: Population Projection

Source: Census of India, 2011

Source: City Development Plan, Dharamshala 2035

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DEVELOPMENT PATTERN IN DHARAMSHALA

Fig 5.15: Development pattern in Dharamshala Source: REPL Reconnaissance Survey

5.5: TOURISM Major Tourist Attraction Points in Dharamshala Planning Area

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Dharamshala cricket stadium

Namgyal Monastery

Bhagsunag Fall

Pool near Bhagsunag Temple

Triund

Dal Lake, Naddi

St. John Church

War Memorial

Fig 5.16: Major Tourist Attraction Points in Dharamshala Planning Area Source: REPL Reconnaissance Survey HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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SMART CITY PROPOSALS Area Based Development (ABD) and City wide proposals has been identified in the first phase which has to be detailed out in second phase i.e. implementation phase. Key componen -ts of ABD proposals focused on tourism are as follows:

i.

Conservation & development of heritage areas ‐ Bhagsunag Temple Precinct Ar ea, Mcleodganj Temple road, Street‐scaping at Depot Bazar,etc.

ii.

Recreational Tourism ‐ Theme Park ‐ Mini Himachal & Tourist Interpretation Centre with kalagram ‐ Charan Khad, Rejuvenation Centre & Funicular at Bhagsu;

iii.

Reconnecting with nature‐ Eco‐tourism, Camping, Tree houses, nature trails;

iv.

Business Tourism‐ Convention Centre Mcleodganj;

v.

Adventure Sports ‐ Mountaineering & Para‐gliding institute at McLeodganj.

5.6: S.W.O.T ANALYSIS

I.

STRENGTHS •

Strong tourism base ,popular destination for tourists coming in for its natural scenic beauty, adventure sports, and rich cultural heritage.

•

Availability of perennial and renewable sources of water and power supply.

•

Mix of Tibetan, Kangri, Gaddi and Nepali cultures. Opportunity for developing the tourism potential and a cultural economy.

• Immense natural and cultural heritage.

II.

WEAKNESSEES •

Though tourism is the primary economic activity in the city, the current average duration of stay is1.5 days only due to lack of adequate activities, infrastructure & facilities for the tourists.

•

Lack of public transport and inadequate infrastructure

•

Unplanned growth and inefficient land management because of rapid rise as a popular tourist destination which has also increased demands for hotels, markets etc.

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•

The lack of adequate and efficient infrastructure and services in the city is leading to significant reduction in the quality of life for the citizens and tourists.

III.

OPPORTUNITIES •

Opportunity for developing a Global Tourism Destination for all seasons, it would lead to enhanced tourism spending and days of stay, thus leading to job opportunities and income growth.

•

Thick forest cover, perennial water streams and mesmerizing landscape gives opportunity to develop nature‐urban connect including eco‐tourism activities.

•

Redevelopment of the city gives an opportunity to create open space for mixed land use facilities to make city liveable for citizens and attractive for tourists.

IV.

CHALLENGES •

Large floating population - Though the resident population is small, the city hosts a large floating population coming in for tourism and work.

•

Dharamshala being in seismic zone ‐V is highly vulnerable to natural hazard. The area receives heavy rainfall and is highly prone to landslides caused due heavy precipitation events.

•

Increasing traffic related issues and unorganised parking

•

Unauthorised construction and high rise development

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1: SUMMARY OF RESEARCH FINDINGS

The research findings provide comprehensive literature regarding the problems stated in this dissertation .The main question posed in this research was the determining architectural qualities that will be necessary in creating an environment favourable for spiritual practices.

The objective was to source these qualities by conducting thorough studies on theories related to architecture to establish a contextual and critical understanding of these issues.

First, the human senses have been deeply described and the sensor’, nature of experiences has been addressed by explaining how it contributes to the spirit of a place. The human body conceals energy sources named chakras which when activated during meditation practices may allow a continuous flow of energy leading to self-realization .The five sensor faculties of touch, sight, hearing, taste and smell can be refined through spiritual practices Thus, the senses are responsive and become aware to changes in the environment and in the human body.

Furthermore, the role of order in arranging the elements of architecture for creating the sense of spirituality mentioned in the research questions have been studied by analysing the approach presented by serene qualities of architecture which is associated with the holistic approach and the surrounding environment. Climatic and physical conditions of the environment influence the building and its users. The engagement of different elements with nature can be used to create a poetic essence of place in the form of light and art.

6.2: RESEARCH INFERENCE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE Throughout the research process there have been various assured documents that have been referred and taken inference from. These research documents have helped in generating inferences which have helped in validating the entire research. The aim was to study the qualities of architecture that will influence the human spiritual will being towards establishing architectural guideline that will facilitate spiritual practices. These guidelines will be extracted from concepts, theories, precedents and case studies HEALING THROUGH ARCHTECTURE B.ARCH. (2017- 2022)

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The literature review carried out focused on these aspects and the study was able to determine that space requires a physical element As such, space becomes a place as its physical attributes allow it to be identifiable since it develops a character based on functional, spatial and environmental factors The research has been able to determine the application of various architectural qualities like study of light, holistic environment, spirituality and nature which has helped in determining an appropriate environment for the spiritual practice

6.3: JUSTIFICATION OF DESIGN

Throughout this dissertation, various aspects of architecture have been researched and analyzed. These aspects are needed to create a spiritual environment towards establishing meditation centers that will primarily accommodate spiritual practices. The spatial, functional, tactile, sensory and natural elements contribute in connecting man to his environment. These qualities will be used in the design stage complemented by the concepts and theories studied in the literature review Qualities of architecture will influence the human spiritual wellbeing by exploring the various spiritual architecture dimensions and by understanding the effect of space, light and the spiritual experience of architecture on humans.

On the whole, this dissertation consists of an in-depth study of architectural qualities that coexist and form a balance in creating the spirit of a place.

6.4 THE FUTURE RESEARCH POSSIBILITIES

Further studies may be required to investigate the relation of these architectural qualities with Earth. Access to spiritual workshops and possible engagement in spiritual activities may help to understand better, the needs of the users and the issues inferred by the topic. In a more detailed research, the origin of spirituality and how it was brought in religion in prehistoric times might be a future study where aspects of Gods and their relation to humans may be tackled in an aim to develop spiritual architecture. Further research may also look at devising a universal architecture that is accepted by all religions in an aim to propagate spirituality globally.

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6.5: RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Threshold • •

The threshold of a spiritual space should depict the faith or philosophy of that spiritual symbol.

The main entrance should be aesthetically appealing and inviting with land scape around.

Fig 6.1: Torii Gate, Japan

Fig 6.2: Isha Yoga Center

2. Pathways • •

The pathway should lead to the main building and planning should be symmetrical as it is enticing and gives the user a soul stirring experience.

The pathways should be surrounded by gardens or ponds as it enhances the user experience.

Fig 6.3: walking path of philosophy, Kyoto

Fig 6.4: Pathway surrounded by water body

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3. Central Plaza • •

There should be a large central plaza in the spiritual space near to the main building for small group activities.

The plaza con be in the form of a courtyard or an open air theater where a large group of people can gather.

Fig 6.5: open air theatre for public gathering in art of living, Bangalore

Fig 6.6: common gathering space for small activities in Osho international retreat, Pune

4. Natural Light •

The spaces for spiritual activities should have provisions for natural light and ventilation as light signifies hope.

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Natural Light for meditation spaces should typically be provided from above and serves to provide orientation and contrast from the surrounding darkness.

Fig 6.7: Natural light from above in Baha’i Temple of South America

Fig 6.8: Natural light from vertical timber louvers in a meditation space in china

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5. Water •

Water, a feature of the natural world that has been a centerpiece of spiritual symbolism and religious ritual in human communities for thousands of years.

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With remarkable regularity across human cultures, water has been used to communicate the sacred value of life; the spiritual dimension of purification.

Protection, and healing; and the profound meaning of suffering and redemption in human life.

Fig 6.9: Presence of pond in Osho center

Fig 6.10: Presence of water in Pyramid valley

6. Form and Geometry •

Form and Geometry of the main building should have some symbolism and should attract visitors. Form should have a connection with that region and faith.

Fig 6.11: Dome, nine-sided space with nine entranceBaha’i Temple of South America

Fig 6.12: Matrimandir, Auroville

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Books and Publications •

Blackwell, William. Geometry in architecture, New York: Wiley, 1984

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Juhani, Pallasmaa. The eyes of the skin: architecture and the senses. Chichester: Wiley,

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Kahn, Louis I. Louis 1. Kahn: Conversations with students. Houston, Texas: Princeton architectural press, 1969.

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Swami Paramananda, S. 2004. Spiritual Experiences. Rose Hill. Mauritius Printing Specialist.

Internet Sources •

Dissertation-improved-2n5-170119110210.pdf

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https://www.slideshare.net/DipeshAnand1/healing-architecture-for-hospital

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https://www.scribd.com/document/371441577/1-Dissertation-Improved-2n5-

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https://issuu.com/alina.voinescu/docs/dissertation_alina_voinescu

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“Brief History of Matrimandir’s Conception.” Brief History of Matrimandir’s

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https://www.auroville.org/contents/2 141

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http://research.ouroville.org/system/popers/attochments/000/000/234/odginol

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https://minci-motnx.net/the-oscensionlme-mind-matrix-kingdomslmulti-ciimensionolreolities/25-The-motrimanciir

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https://www.archdoily.com/ I 58522/ad-classics-I cl us-temple-f cri borz-sohbo

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https://www.komotaka.com/barigalore/pyramid-valley

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https://deccanherald.com/content/83088/design-cosmic-energy.html

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http://pyromidvalley.org/ gallery!

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oshoworlcL.com

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APPENDIX 1: INTERVIEWS

Appendix 1.1: Interview questions I. What is spirituality for you?

2. How would you define peace?’

3. Is there any particular kind of place where you find inner peace?

4. How do you feel when in a room and when in an open area?

5. Your belief in religion?

6. How often do you visit a religious place?

7. Do you pay the visit willingly or due to external reasons?

8. What difference do you find in a spiritual religious and a spiritual non-religious place?

9. Is there a need to establish separate spiritual centers?

ANNEX 1: SITE VALIDATION DOCUMENT

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Annexure 1.1: VALIDITY This project is proposed under Area based development for “Smart City Proposal Dharamshala” under Recreational Tourism S.No. 6 in https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/Dharamshala_projects.pdf

PROPOSED AREA BASED DEVELOPMENT

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