Software livre, cultura hacker e o ecossistema da colaboração • 249
SURMHWR SRVVXL XPD JUDGDomR TXH KLHUDUTXL]D VXDV SUHIHUrQFLDV (VVD SUiWLFD WHP VLGR EHP VXFHGLGD H WHP JHUDGR XP SURFHVVR GHFLVyULR GH HVFROKD GH OLGHUDQoDV FXMR UHVXOWDGR HIHWLYR IRL D SURGXomR GH SURJUDPDV GH FRPSXWDGRU GLIHUHQWHV atĂŠ junho de 2005. A democracia participativa, baseada no debate efetuado nas listas GH GLVFXVVmR QD pWLFD PHULWRFUiWLFD GRV KDFNHUV H HP VHX HVStULWR FRODERUDWLYR H VROLGiULR WHP JHUDGR VRIWZDUHV OLYUHV TXH QmR SRGHP VHU DSURSULDGRV SULYDGDPHQWH $ DomR FRQFUHWD GD FRPXQLGDGH GR FyGLJR OLYUH IXOPLQD R SDUDGLJPD SURSULHWiULR GH produção e distribuição de software, que sĂł pode ser mantido pela ação jurĂdicorepressiva do Estado. $ FRPXQLGDGH 'HELDQ p XP GRV ÂłQyV´ FRQHFWDGRV D HVVD JUDQGH UHGH TXH FRQIRUPD XPD HVIHUD S~EOLFD LQLFLDOPHQWH KDFNHU H TXH VH HVSDOKD SHODV GHPDLV iUHDV GD SURGXomR VLPEyOLFD GD KXPDQLGDGH :LNLSHGLD &UHDWLYH &RPPRQV HWF (VVH HVStULWR RX eWLFD 'HELDQ IRL REVHUYDGR D SDUWLU GD DQiOLVH HWQRJUiÂżFD UHD OL]DGD SRU *DEULHOD &ROHPDQ GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GH &KLFDJR H SRU %HQMDPLQ +LOO desenvolvedor do projeto Debian. Eles descreveram o modelo Debian centrado na LQGH SHQGrQFLD QR WUDEDOKR YROXQWiULR H QD FRQVWLWXLomR GH UHGHV GH FRQÂżDQoD H SHU FHEHUDP D FRQIRUPDomR GH XPD HVIHUD S~EOLFD Âł(QTXDQWR RV KDFNHUV GR VRIWZDUH OLYUH H GH FyGLJR DEHUWR VmR PDLV IDFLOPHQWH DVVRFLDGRV D DOJXP SURMHWR FRPR SRU H[HPSOR R 'HELDQ HOHV WDPEpP SDUWLFLSDP GH XPD ÂľKDFNHUVIHUDÂś TXH VHUYH SDUD VXEVWDQFLDU D OLEHUGDGH FRPR FRQFHLWR GH UHOHYkQFLD PRUDO VXSHULRU D TXHVW}HV tĂŠcnicas. Essa esfera pĂşblica ocorre atravĂŠs de uma variededade de canais on-line e off-line que proveem, com consistĂŞncia, um espaço de DUJXPHQWDomR H GH GLVFXVVmR UDFLRQDO DFHUFD GH XPD JDPD GH DVVXQWRV GH QDWXUH]D SROtWLFD H MXUtGLFD (VVH HVSDoR DEULJD FRP IUHTXrQFLD GLVFXVV}HV OHYDQWDGDV SRU QRYRV DUWLJRV FDVRV MXGLFLDLV HGLWRULDLV H FRPHQWiULRV SURGX]LGRV QD FRPXQLGDGH $ RULJHP GHVVD QDVFHQWH esfera pĂşblica pode ser rastreada ao inĂcio dos anos 80 (nos sistemas GH EROHWLQV HOHWU{QLFRV Âą %%6 DR FHQiULR GDV FRQIHUrQFLDV GH KDFNHUV JUXSRV GD 8VHQHW H OLVWDV HOHWU{QLFDV GH GLVFXVVmR´ Âł1HVVHV IRUXPV GLVFXVV}HV VREUH FHQVXUD SROtWLFD WHFQRORJLD SURSULHGDGH intelectual e mĂdia contribuiram para marcar certas tendĂŞncias como LPSRUWDQWHV SDUD RV KDFNHUV H SDUD WUD]HU FHUWDV SUHRFXSDo}HV VRFLDLV DR PXQGR GHOHV ´ &2/(0$1 +,//
As vĂĄrias comunidades de software livre conformam uma rede de solidarieGDGH WHFQROyJLFD H LGHROyJLFD GH FUHQoD QD OLEHUGDGH H QR FRPSDUWLOKDPHQWR GR conhecimento que se torna crescentemente polĂtica quanto mais avança o uso pela VRFLHGDGH H SHOR PHUFDGR GDV VROXo}HV FRPSDUWLOKDGDV ,VVR RFRUUH SRUTXH SDUD FRQWLQXDU H[LVWLQGR R PRYLPHQWR SUHFLVD PDQWHU XP JUDX GH OLEHUGDGH GH FULDomR