Visual Tour Paris, France
Irvine Valley College – Laure Fall 2012 – Art H Chris<n December
Map of Paris Paris’ Major Museums and Architecture 1. Eiffel Tower 2. Arc de Triomophe 3. Notre Dame Cathedral 4. The Grande Arch 5. Place de la Bas<lle 6. The Sacre Coeur Basilica 7. The Louvre 8. Musee d’Orsay 9. The Pantheon 10. The Pompidou Centre
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Top Paris Museums and Architecture Loca<ons Museums: • Musee du Louvre: On the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement. • Musee d’Orsay: 1 Rue de la Legion d'Honneur 7th arrondissement. Secular Architecture: • Eiffel Tower: 5 avenue Anatole France. • Arc de Triomphe: Place Charles de Gaulle • Pantheon: 5th arrondissement on the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève • Opera Garnier / Palais Garnier: 8, rue Scribe • Centre Pompidou: 19 Rue Beaubourg. Religious Architecture: • Notre Dame Cathedral: On the eastern half of the Île de la Cité in the fourth. arrondissement of Paris, France. • Basilique du Sacre Coeur: Parvis du Sacre Coeur.
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Famous Museums and Their Artworks
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Musee du Louvre
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Musee du Louvre Profile The massive Musee du Louvre was designed by the architect Pierre Lescot, but Catherine de Medici, J. A. du Cerceau II, Claude Perrault, and many others contributed to its design. It was created between 1546 and 1878. The Pyramide du Louvre, the glass pyramid located at the entrance of the Louvre, was completed in 1989; it was designed by Chinese-born American architect Ieoh Ming Pei. Located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement, Musée du Louvre is one of the world's largest and most frequented museums and has a long history dating back to the 12th century. Established in 1793, it exemplifies traditional French architecture since the Renaissance. In addition, it houses over 35,000 artworks, including a significant collection of ancient and Western art. In 1190, King Philippe Auguste built a massive fortress in an effort to protect the palace from invaders. However, in 1527 Francois I demolished it in its entirety and transformed its architectural style into that of a Renaissance palace. Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Musee du Louvre Profile (Cont.)
The Louvre, now a national French art museum, was established in 1793 and is considered one of Paris’ important landmarks. A former residence of French kings, it is one of the largest palaces in the world. In 1546, under King Henri IV, the new palace was finally completed. Then, between 1624 and 1672, under the reigns of Louis XII and Louis XIV, the Louvre underwent intensive renovation and appeared as it does today. The existing palace was completed in the 17th century by Louis XV. In 1692, the Louvre became a meeting place for annual salons, and a new gallery for antique sculptures was established. In 1793, the new revolutionary French government opened the Louvre as the Museum Central des Arts. Most of the museum’s collections included seized art possessions from French royalty and aristocracy.
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Musee du Louvre
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Musee du Louvre
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The Musee du Louvre
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Musee du Louvre
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Select Musee du Louvre Artworks • • •
Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci, 1503 - 1505 Oath of the Horatii, Jacques Louis David, 1784 Venus de Milo, Alexandros de Antioch, c. 100 BCE
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Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci, 1503-‐1505
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Venus de Milo Alexandros of An<och, c. 100 B.C.E.
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Oath of the Hora<i at the Hands of their Father 1784
Jacques-‐Louis David
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Musee d’Orsay
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Musee d’Orsay Profile The Musee d’Orsay is one of the world’s most popular museums. Located in a former railway station, it on the banks of the Seine River across from the Jardin des Tuileries. The museum was installed in the former Orsay railway station, which was built for the Universal Exhibition of 1900. The building itself could be seen as the first "work of art" in the Musee d'Orsay, which displays collections of art from the period 1848 to 1914. The Musee d’Orsay was created in December 1986 to display the great diversity of Western world artistic works from 1848 to 1914. It houses the largest collection of paintings, sculptures, and decorative art works produced during this period. Museum claims it has largest collection of Impressionist paintings in the world. It covers many different styles, including neoclassicism, romanticism, impressionism, expressionism, art nouveau, and others. The museum received most of its artworks from the national collections of the Louvre, Musee du leu de Paume, and National Museum of Modern Art. It includes many famous paintings by the major Impressionist painters.
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Select Musee d’Orsay Artworks • • • • • •
Luncheon on the Grass, Edouard Manet – 1863 Olympia, Edouard Manet - 1863 A Bar at the Folies-Berge, Edouard Manet - 1882 Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, Auguste Renoir – 1876 Starry Night, Vincent van Gogh – 1888 Haystacks, End of Summer, Claude Monet – 1891
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Various Musee d’Orsay Views
Musee d’Orsay as a train sta<on.
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Various Musee d’Orsay Views
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Luncheon on the Grass Edouard Manet, 1863
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Edouard Manet and Two of His Famous Pain<ngs
Edouard Manet
Olympia, 1863
A Bar at the Folies-‐Bergere, 1882 Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Dance at Le Moulin de la Galebe Pierre-‐Auguste Renoir, 1876
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Starry Night Over the Rhone Vincent van Gogh, 1888
A different view of the site in 2008
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Haystacks, End of Summer Claude Monet, 1891
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Famous Architecture Famous Secular Architecture: • Eiffel Tower • Arc de Triomphe • The Pantheon • Opera Garnier • Centre Pompidou Famous Religious Architecture: • Notre Dame Cathedral • Sacre Coleur Basilica Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower as seen from the Champ de Mars Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Eiffel Tower Profile The Eiffel Tower is probably Europe’s best-known landmarks and Paris’s most famous symbol. Standing 984 feet tall, one can see its top from all over Paris. It was completed at the end of the 19th century. It was built for the 1889 World Exhibition, taking more than two years to complete. Inaugurated March 31, 1889, the Eiffel Tower would be the tallest structure in the world until 1930 when the Chrysler Building was completed. Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower’s architect, was known for his revolutionary bridge building techniques, which would form the basis for the Eiffel Tower’s construction. This same architect was also known for his construction of the iron framework of the Statue of Liberty.
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Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower as viewed from the top of the Arc de Triomphe on a cloudy spring day. May 2009. Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Eiffel Tower
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Eiffel Tower
Al<tude 95 Restaurant Interior Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Arc de Triomphe
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Arc de Triomphe Profile The Arc de Triomphe is a famous French landmark located at the west end of the Avenue des Champs-Elysee. It stands in the center of the Place de l’Etoile, which is formed by the intersection of 12 radiating streets. It stands 164 feet high, 148 feet long, and 72 feet wide. The structure features elaborate sculptures and offers a breathtaking panoramic view of the city from the top of the arch. The arch was commissioned by Napoleon as a tribute to the French army. The original architect was Chalgrin. After his death, the work was continued by others and then finally completed by Guillaume Boulet in 1836, 15 years after the Napoleon's death. Completed under the new king Louis-Philippe and his minister of the interior, Adolphe Thiers, the arch was a way of showing the French public the new government's efforts at national unity. Although much larger, the arch’s design was influenced by the Roman Arc de Titus. The face of the Arc de Triomphe’s left face depicts Cortot’s The Triumph of Napoleon, while the right face is Francois Rude’s The Departure of the Volunteers of 1792 (or La Marseillaise). Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Views of Arc de Triomphe
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Views of Arc de Triomphe
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The Pantheon Paris
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The Pantheon Paris Profile The Pantheon Paris is one of the most important architectural achievements of its time and is the first great neoclassical monument. It is the final resting place for many well known (and some historically famous) French writers, poets, and scientists. The Pantheon Paris is located in the Latin Quarter. Upon the orders of Louis XV, the Pantheon was produced as a monument of his gratitude to God for his recovering health and to replace the damaged Sainte-Genevieve church. It has two main purposes: as a famous burial place and a church. It is an early example of neoclassicism that was modeled after the Pantheon in Rome. It is crowned by a dome, which was patterned after Bramante’s Tempietto. Inside the structure are Gothic decorations combined with classical style. The Pantheon’s architect, Jacques-Germain Soufflot’s vision for the cathedral was to use classical principles and combine the use of flying buttresses to create lightness and brightness in the cathedral.
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Pantheon
The Pantheon Paris is located in the Latin Quarter. It was originally built as a church that was dedicated to St. Genevieve. It has two main purposes: as a church and as a famous burial place. It is an early example of neoclassicism and was modeled after the Pantheon in Rome. It is crowned by a dome, which was patterned after Bramante’s “Tempietto.” Soufflot’s vision was to combine classical structure with the Gothic style. Since Soufflot died before its completion, his student completed it, making some changes to the design intended by Soufflot. After the revolution, the Revolutionist government made the church into a mausoleum. It was selected to house martyrs of the revolution and brilliant French artists, scientists, and poets who made significant contributions to the world. Among those housed there are Voltaire, Victor Hugo, Soufflot, and Marie Curie.
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Views of The Pantheon Paris
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Views of The Panthenon Paris
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The Opera Garnier
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The Opera Garnier Profile The Palais Garnier is considered one of Paris’ most important landmarks. It is a 2,200seat opera house which is still used today for performances; it has a stage that can accommodate 450 people. It is a sterling example of Beaux-Art architecture. This movement encompassed the Baroque style, which emphasized drama and grandeur, as well as symmetry. In 1861, Napoleon III commissioned Charles Garnier to design the opera house. It was designed to be an extravagant experience. It included a six-ton chandelier, bronze busts of composers, and many columns, friezes, and statues. Construction began a year later, but many delays occurred, which were caused by events such as the Franco-Prussian War and the fall of Napoleon II’s reign. The Opera Garnier was completed by the end of 1874 and was inaugurated on January 15, 1875. After the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique burned down in 1873, the Palais Garnier became its successor. The structure went through a few name changes. Its first name was Académie Nationale de Musique - Théâtre de l'Opéra. In 1989, it was given its final title of Palais Garnier after the name of its architect. Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Views of the Opera Garnier
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Palais Garnier
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The Opera Garnier
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The Opera Garnier
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Centre Pompidous
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Centre Pompidou Profile The Place Georges Pompidou is a very popular cultural center constructed between 1971 and 1977. It is a complex located in the Beaubourg area of Paris. The Centre Georges Pompidou is an art and cultural center that includes the National Museum of Modern Art, one of the world’s most important modern art museums. It contains artwork from 1905 onward. The Centre Pompidou was designed by Pritzker-prize winning architects Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers. These architects revolutionized museum design by using the high-tech architectural style. When designing the center, the architects broke architectural convention by using a new conceptual design where they placed the moving functional elements, such as escalators, water pipes, and air conditioning, on the outside of the building. All the building’s various functions are color-coded and can be seen on the building’s exterior. This design frees the interior space to display artwork. Matisse, Kadinsky, Miró and Picasso are among the featured artists. The center also offers a plaza where performers draw crowds, and includes a popular public library, a bookshop, a movie theater, and a panoramic terrace. Mimes, portraitists, and entertainers abound in the square in front of the center.
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Views of the Centre Pompidou
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Notre Dame Cathedral
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Notre Dame Cathedral Profile Notre Dame de Paris was among the first buildings in the world to use flying buttresses. The building was not originally designed to include the flying buttresses around the choir and nave, but, after the construction began, the thinner walls grew ever higher and stress fractures began to occur as the walls pushed outward. In response, the cathedral's architects built supports around the outside walls, and later additions continued the pattern. Many small statues were placed around the outside of the cathedral. These were crafted individually and served as supports for columns and water spouts. Among these are the famous gargoyles and chimeras (the former of which is designed to run off rain water). These were originally colored, as was most of the exterior. The paint has worn off, but the gray stone was once covered with vivid colors. The cathedral was essentially complete by 1345. The cathedral has a narrow climb of 387 steps at the top of several spiral staircases. Along the climb it is possible to view the cathedral’s most famous bell and its gargoyles in close quarters. Also, one will have a spectacular view of Paris when reaching the top.
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Views of the Notre Dame Cathedral
Distant view of Notre Dame
Inside the cathedral
Statue of the Virgin Mary – Inside the Cathedral
Crypt entrance Visual Tour Paris, France | Chris<na Acosta
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Views of the Notre Dame Cathedral
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Views of the Notre Dame Cathedral
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Views of the Notre Dame Cathedral
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Sacre Coeur Basilica
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Sacre Coeur Basilica Profile
The Sacre Coeur Basilica is one of Paris’ most beautiful places to visit. The basilica sits atop Montmartre Hill, one of the highest points of Paris. Many people visit the Basilica at night. It offers a panoramic view of Paris from its dome and forefront. The view is especially breathtaking at nighttime. The basilica contains one of the world’s largest mosaics, which depicts Christ with outstretched arms. The nearby bell tower contains one of the world’s heaviest bells "Savoyarde," which weighs over 19 tons and was cast in 1895 in Annecy. It was built to honor those who perished during the French Revolution and the Franco-Prussian war. It was also built to inspire faith during a very difficult time in France’s history. The Sacre Coeur Basilica was constructed on the site of Benedictine Abbey, which was destroyed using the French Revolution of 1789. The Sacre Coeur was built in Roman-Byzantine style, and much of its interior is covered with gold leaf and other flamboyant decorative elements. Construction of the basilica began in 1875, but its architect, Abadie, died nine years later when only the foundation had been completed. The basilica was finally completed in 1914, but it wasn’t consecrated until 1919, shortly after World War I.
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The Sacre Coleur Basilica
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The Sacre Coleur Basilica
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The Sacre Coleur Basilica
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Works Cited • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Tripadvisor.com Architecture.about.com Lonelyplanet.com Wikipedia.org Artsbeat.blogs Flickr.com Wikipaintings.org ibiblio.org Lairweb.org http://leonardo-da-vinci.paintings.name/ Gardenofpraise.com hbp://annoyzview.wordpress.com knoji.com/ Biography.com hbp://www.blugon.edu/~sullivanm/arctriomphe/arc.html
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Works Cited (Cont.) • • • • • • • • • • • •
hbp://goparis.about.com/od/parismuseums/a/louvre-‐museum-‐history.htm hbp://goparis.about.com/od/sightsabrac<ons/p/MuseedOrsay.htm hbp://goparis.about.com/sitesearch.htm?q=arc+de+triomphe&SUName=goparis hbp://goparis.about.com/od/sightsabrac<ons/ss/Paris_Two_Days_5.htm hbp://goparis.about.com/od/sightsabrac<ons/a/Notre_Dame_Hlts.htm hbp://www.pantheonparis.com/history/facts hbp://www.parislogue.com/featured-‐ar<cles/14-‐famous-‐people-‐buried-‐in-‐paris.html hbp://goparis.about.com/od/parisneighborhoods/a/paris-‐7th-‐arrondissement.htm hbp://goparis.about.com/od/parismonuments/tp/Paris-‐Cathedrals-‐and-‐Churches.htm hbp://www.linkparis.com/sacre-‐coeur.htm hbp://www.francethisway.com/paris/basilica-‐de-‐sacre-‐coeur.php hbp://www.francethisway.com/paris/paris-‐opera.php
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