The Use of the Military for Civil Support in the UK, Canada, and Australia

1 What are the Similarities and Differences in the Use of the Military for Civil Support in the UK, Canada, and Australia?

Similarities Canada, the UK, and Australia have a general restriction of the military for civilian support to clearly stated situations that include dire security crises and disasters. Both countries do not allow free use of the military in civilian affairs (Morag, 2011). The situation must be overwhelming to merit the deployment of the military force.

Moreover, in Canada, the UK, and Australia, the military can be deployed where the police force is overwhelmed with the security situation. In all three countries, the military is a defacto standby force for maintaining internal security in an extreme case.

Canada, Australia, and the UK also use military search and rescue operations within the civilian population. Search and rescue during major disasters are considered an emergency issue of a high degree, which may demand the military's involvement to salvage the situation.

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2 Dissimilarities Unlike in the UK and Australia, where the military has no clear mandate in enforcing domestic security, in Canada, the military has six clear mandates that fall within the realm of civil support (Morag, 2011). The Canadian military is expected to carry out and support humanitarian assistance within 24 hours into the disaster and carry on with the exercise for as long as it is necessary.

The UK and Canada have specialized military forces that are given priority when it comes to supporting civilians, contrary to Australia, where the entire military can be deployed. In the UK, military reservists are commonly used to offer civilian support, while in Canada, there are Canadian rangers (Morag, 2011).

How is the European Union Structured?

The European Union (EU) structured into various regions, adopting a hybrid system of government in which the union and state enjoy meaningful authority, albeit each with a defined jurisdiction. The EU is structured into a customs union, Eurozone, Schengen area, European Free Trade Association, and European economic area (Morag, 2011). Each of the areas is governed by special rules that are unique to its purposes.

Moreover, the structure of the EU concerning governance is divided into four major units of the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the European Council, and the European Parliament. Each unit performs specific roles that define its independence from the other to define a division of power system. The parliament is responsible for making laws that govern the union and also participates in the budget-making process. On its part, the commission is responsible for implementing policies and laws passed by the parliament. The European Commission is led by a president. The European Council is formed by heads of EU member

3 states and regularly meets to stimulate, discuss, and coordinate the policies of the union (Morag, 2011). On the other hand, the Council of the European Union is a body whose membership is ministers from EU member countries responsible for each area of concern.

The EU also has other bodies such as the European Bank, the European Court of Justice, and the European Economic and Social Committee. All these bodies have to advance the common interest of member states in areas of the economy, justice, and social welfare (Kenealy, 2012). The structure of the EU allows for specialization of labor between various bodies for effectiveness. The parliament's roles are limited to lawmaking and budget-making, while the EU Commission is limited to implementing the law and policies (Morag, 2011). The clear division of roles between various organs of the EU government ensures no overlapping roles and clash of interest between various institutions of the union.

4 References Morag, N. (2011). Comparative homeland security: Global lessons. John Wiley & Sons.

Kenealy, D. (2012). The European Union: how does it work? Oxford University Press.