Therapy for Clients with Personality Disorders

1 Therapy for Clients with Personality Disorders Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) is one of the disorders included in the DSM-5-TR Manual. This disorder is typified by eccentric behavior patterns and is highly prevalent in clinical populations (Volkert et al., 2018). Its symptoms have devastating consequences on individuals including violence, interpersonal distress, disruptive behavior, psychiatric comorbidity and unnecessary litigation (Köse & Erbaş, 2020). Unfortunately, this disorder has received less attention than it deserves from healthcare stakeholders.

DSM-5-TR The DSM provides two diagnostic criteria for PPD. The DSM Criteria has seven requirements and the patient must satisfy four requirements to be diagnosed with PPD. The person may present an unjustified belief that others are trying to deceive them (Sperry, 2016).

They may also exhibit pervasive suspicion of others and unjustified suspicion of the trustworthiness of others. They do not confide in others since they believe others will betray them. They hold grudges, are jealous and interpret ambiguous remarks as threatening.

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2 Treating PPD Therapists employ different therapeutic interventions to treat PPD. These interventions include medication and psychotherapy. The best psychotherapy for PPD is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy since it helps an individual develop skills for improving communication and relationship, empathy, trust, and better coping with the devastating symptoms. CBT effectively treats PPD since it involves examining a person's thoughts and the evidence for their beliefs (Banyard et al., 2021). The person develops the ability to interpret situations positively thus reducing unnecessary anxiety and worry that influence feelings of paranoia. CBT helps individuals with PPD recognize their destructive thought patterns and disruptive beliefs (Banyard et al., 2021). It creates a platform to change how beliefs affect behavior thus reducing paranoia and improving interpersonal interactions.

A therapeutic relationship is in psychiatry The therapeutic relationship in psychiatry refers to the interactive relationship between a healthcare provider and a patient and family members. This relationship is typified by various attributes including professionalism, clarity, boundary, and positivity (Totura et al., 2018). A therapeutic relationship aims to assist individuals in therapy to perceive interpersonal interactions positively and change their behavior and lives for the better. This relationship is critical in psychiatric care since the care provider is often the first person the patient shares initiate emotions, beliefs and thoughts on mental health issues.

Sharing PPD diagnosis with the client Therapists must understand that people with paranoid personality disorders have minimal trust in others and treat them with suspicion (Köse & Erbaş, 2020). Therefore, while disclosing a PPD diagnosis, the therapist must employ an approach that creates and builds trust with the

3 patient. The therapist should be kind, reassuring, and understanding. Employing a point of view that reassures and gives hope to the patient is critical during disclosure. It is important to validate clients' feelings and emotions without reinforcing their fears (Sperry, 2016). The therapists may also inform the client that PPD is not a disability but a manageable condition.

Sharing PPD diagnosis with a group Sharing a PPD diagnosis with the family of a group during therapy sessions is more complex that disclosing it to a person. The client must consent to disclose such information to avoid ethical and legal issues. The therapist must educate the group about PPD risk factors, treatment and management.

Scholarly sources The supporting evidence for this paper is obtained from scholarly sources. These sources are peer-reviewed and were published in formal journals. The articles contain the sections of a scholarly article and are supported with evidence from other literature sources.

Conclusion A paranoid personality disorder is characterized by unwarranted distrust and suspicion of others. Individuals express persistent fear due to beliefs that others are trying to harm them.

Therapists treat this disorder with medications and psychotherapy. These professionals must validate the feeling of their clients without aggravating their fears to achieve better mental health outcomes.

4 References Banyard, H., Behn, A. J., & Delgadillo, J. (2021). Personality disorders and their relation to treatment outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 45(4), 561-576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10203-x Köse, S. S., & Erbaş, O. (2020). Personality disorders diagnosis, causes, and treatments.

Demiroglu Science University Florence Nightingale Journal of Transplantation, 5(2), 022-031. http://doi:10.5606/dsufnjt.2020.013 Sperry, L. (2016). Handbook of diagnosis and treatment of DSM-5 personality disorders: Assessment, case conceptualization, and treatment. Routledge.

Totura, C. M. W., Fields, S. A., & Karver, M. S. (2018). The role of the therapeutic relationship in psychopharmacological treatment outcomes: a meta-analytic review. Psychiatric Services, 69(1), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700114 Volkert, J., Gablonski, T. C., & Rabung, S. (2018). Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 709-715. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.202