COVID-19 Vaccine Trials

COVID-19 Vaccine Trials Pandemics have been ruining the order of things since the beginning of time.

Biblically floods swept the earth clean of people except for Noah and his family and the animals sheltered in the ark. Furthermore, world war one and two took place with the superpowers fighting for power. The world is currently facing the threat of a deadly virus known to everyone as coronavirus alias COVID-19. The first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Wuhan, China dating back to November 2019.it was until February and march of 2020 that the virus's effect was felt in the rest of the world as cases began to appear, leading to the imposition of lockdowns by authorities. The human race has tried to mitigate the virus's effects with incidences of casualties alongside the fight to contain the virus. Major labs are in the process of manufacturing trial vaccines to fight against COVID-19.

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is no official vaccine for the virus, but several potential vaccines for COVID-19 are under medical studies with multiple clinical trials. Until the trials are successful and the vaccines are considered effective and safe for humans' health, the WHO works with its partners to ensure mass production to avail it to those who need it. A panel convened by WHO called SAGE would ensure the vaccine's safety by analyzing the results from clinical trials together with the affected age groups and the risk factors linked to the disease. It is only after this that the WHO will approve the vaccine for mass production. The organization estimates that the vaccine would be hopefully available by mid-2021.

Countries are conducting vaccine trials to come up with a vaccine for the deadly virus. In the United States, the fourth attempt of phase 3 clinical trial evaluating a trial vaccine, Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (JNJ-78436725) for coronavirus disease, has begun enrolling adult volunteers (Schwetz,2020). Approximately 60,000 volunteers will be in line to evaluate the investigational vaccine in almost 215 clinical research centers in the United States and abroad (Collins,2020). Apart from the United States, the United Kingdom is also at the forefront of finding a vaccine for the disease. In October 2020, the Oxford coronavirus vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019) trials began in Kenya in collaboration with KEMRI at its Kilifi based KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme. South Africa and Brazil are also among the countries where the vaccine trials are done.

A report dated 23rd November from the University of Oxford provided a breakthrough that the coronavirus vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019, effectively prevents COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and offers a high level of protection (Horton,2020). This is after collaboration with AstraZeneca plc. Data analysis from phase 3 trials states that the vaccine is 70.45 effective when combining data from two dosing regimens. This report indicates Professor Andrew Pollard, Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group and Chief Investigator of

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the Oxford Vaccine Trial, saying that 'These findings show that we have an effective vaccine that will save many lives. Excitingly, we've found that one of our dosing regimens may be around 90% effective, and if this dosing regimen is used, more people could be vaccinated with a planned vaccine supply (Sohrabi,2020). Today's announcement is only possible thanks to the many volunteers in our trial and the hard-working and talented team of researchers based around the world.'

In conclusion, governments are trying their level best to secure a vaccine that will rid the world of the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical practitioners and scientists worldwide are carrying out vaccine trials to ensure that a breakthrough will be achieved. A lot of time and resources are in use, as well as safety measures to minimize the spread of the infection.

References.

Horton, R. (2020). Offline: Preparing for a vaccine against COVID-19. Lancet (London, England), 396(10246), 226. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7377697/ Hozhabri, H., Piceci Sparascio, F., Sohrabi, H., Mousavifar, L., Roy, R., Scribano, D., ... & Sarshar, M. (2020). The global emergency of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): an update of the current status and forecasting. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), 5648. https://www.mdpi.com/16604601/17/16/5648

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Tromberg, B. J., Schwetz, T. A., Pérez-Stable, E. J., Hodes, R. J., Woychik, R. P., Bright, R. A., ... & Collins, F. S. (2020). Rapid scaling up of Covid-19 diagnostic testing in the United States—the NIH RADx initiative. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(11), 1071-1077. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsr2022263 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Vaccines. Who.int. (2020). Retrieved 28 November 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)vaccines?adgroupsurvey={adgroupsurvey}&gclid=Cj0KCQiAh4jBRCsARIsAGeV12ApAf65Fpw6du3skkLYp8y9aPz0wAYFj7KxsvPxdzrWpSM4G QWeDuoaAv7XEALw_wcB.