What is Syllogism in Logic and Psychology?

1 Syllogism 1. Question 2 The most important phrase is "live creatures," followed by "cats" and "dogs." The standard version of the syllogism is as follows: all dogs are living entities. (A premise) All cats are sentient beings. (A premise) All cats are, therefore, dogs. (E conclusion) Since it violates the rule of the undistributed middle, the syllogism is incorrect. The phrase "living creatures" is not distributed in either premise, indicating no assertion regarding all term members is made.

Consequently, it is illogical to assume that all cats are dogs only because both are living beings. The figure is 1, and the mood is AAE (because the major premise refers to the major phrase, and the minor premise relates to the minor word). The validity is invalid (V), and the rule that has been broken is the undelivered middle. In summation, an important premise: all dogs are living creatures. (A premise) Minor premise: all cats are living creatures. (A premise) Hence, all cats are dogs. (E conclusion) Figure: 1 Mood: AAE V/I: Invalid Infraction: Undistributed middle.

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Based on the assumption that both are living beings, the above syllogism attempts to prove that all cats are dogs. This argument is incorrect due to violating the rule of the undistributed middle. The middle word, "living beings," is not dispersed in either premise, indicating that no assertion is made about all members of the middle term. Based on this information, it is illogical to argue that all cats are dogs. The syllogism's figure is 1, and its mood is AAE. The incorrect syllogism violates the rule of the undistributed middle. For syllogism to be legitimate, it must adhere to the principles of logic and have a premise that explains the link between the main and minor words.

2. Question 2 Significantly, raccoons shed their fur towards the end of May. (A premise). The mirana of South America sheds its fur in May. (A premise). Because of this, the mirana must be a raccoon (E conclusion). The primary phrase is "raccoons," the secondary term is "mirana," and the intermediate term is "fur shedding in May." In standard form, the syllogism is as follows: At the end of May, all raccoons lose their fur. May is when the South American mirana loses its fur.

Thus, the mirana is most likely a raccoon. Since it violates the rule of the undistributed middle, the syllogism is incorrect. The middle phrase "fur shedding in May" is not distributed in either premise, indicating that no assertion is made about all members of the middle term.

Consequently, it is illogical to argue that the mirana is a raccoon based only on the fact that both species lose their fur in May. The above syllogism attempts to prove that the South American mirana is a raccoon because both species lose their fur in May. This argument is incorrect due to violating the rule of the undistributed middle. The middle term, "fur shedding in May," is not distributed in either premise, indicating no assertion concerning all middle term members. Consequently, the

3 reasoning is fallacious, and it is illogical to assume that the mirana is a raccoon based on the facts presented. To make the argument legitimate, we must incorporate a premise stating that all animals that lose their fur in May are raccoons, enabling us to conclude that the mirana is a raccoon.

3. Question 3 ______sea______________________ /

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Fishermen

Non-fishermen

(Loves the sea)

(Does not love the sea)

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Texans (Loves the sea)

Texans (Does not love the sea)

According to the Venn diagram, "Every fisherman loves the sea" indicates that all fishermen belong to the group that adores the ocean. There is at least one Texan in the group that loves the sea, according to the assumption "Some Texans love the sea." Nevertheless, we cannot conclude from the premises that "some Texas are fishers." Not every Texan who loves the ocean is a fisherman. Hence, the argument is fallacious.

The validity of the syllogism may be determined using the four criteria for validity: 

The middle word must be dispersed at least once; as "sea" is the middle term and is spread in both premises, this is true.

4 

If a term is distributed in the conclusion, it must also be disseminated in the premise; however, this rule does not apply since no words are distributed in conclusion.

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If a term is not distributed in the premises, it cannot be disseminated in conclusion; however, because all words are distributed in the premises, this rule does not apply.

The rule that two negative premises cannot lead to a legitimate conclusion does not apply since there are no negative premises.