Psychosocial Factors and Patient Education

1 Psychosocial Factors and Patient Education 1. Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the health care professional and the effect those factors could have on patient education Psychosocial factors at work among healthcare professionals affect their wellbeing as well as service delivery. These factors include work-related stress, hostility, burnout, job satisfaction, job satisfaction, and workload. They impact both the emotional and physical capabilities of care providers, affecting their work-related outcomes (Asante, Li, Liao, Huang, & Hao, 2019). The presence of psychosocial factors among healthcare professionals affects patient education as it may hinder effective interaction and communication with the patient. Healthcare providers may feel less motivated to provide extensive patient education or be physically worn out due to high workload and burnout.

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2 Give examples of psychosocial factors that affect the patient and the effect those factors could have on patient education.

Similar psychosocial factors that affect healthcare professionals may also affect patients.

Other patient-specific factors include hopelessness, social status, violence, social integration, loneliness, and social support, among others. These factors contribute to the misery and can impact a person’s quality of life. They also impact patient education as it may affect patent involvement in the actual education or implementation of what is learned from patient education.

Psychosocial factors largely influence coping behaviors required as part of health interventions such as exercise, sleep, optimal medication use, and dieting. It can also promote unhealthy behaviors that are contrary to what the patient has been educated about. For example, alcohol abuse is a maladaptive response to psychosocial stressors.

2. Explain what is meant by personality styles and give examples of approaches that could be used to help the patient. Include self-perception as a factor.

Personality styles refer to the psychological attributes or traits that influence how a person responds to or interacts with their social and physical environments. A person’s personality dictates their behavior in different settings. Personality traits include neuroticism, introversion, extroversion, honesty, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. These personalities influence self-perception and how one perceives their health and treatment (Strickhouser, Zell, & Krizan, 2017).

Self-perception in different personality styles determines healthcare decision-making preferences and engagement in healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Someone with a neurotic personality may tend to show negative feelings such as guilt, worry, fear, envy, anger, and anxiety, which can positively or negatively influence their health decisions. Therefore, care

3 providers should learn to understand the personality trait and use it to design a quality approach that ensures the patient’s involvement and compliance in their care.

3. List the steps in adjustment to illness and how the patient copes with each step.

The major steps in adjusting to illness include uncertainty, denial, striving to regain self, avoidance, regression, self-blame, blaming others, and regaining wellness. These steps occur differently in individuals and can be described as two different spheres: the cognitive sphere and the emotional sphere. Cognitively, minimization is evident during denial, avoidance, regression, and self-blame and is evident through downplaying the impact of an illness. Vigilant focusing is seen when one gives excessive attention to an illness that can be exaggerated, rational, or obsessive. In behavior, coping styles are reflected in one’s communication and actions. This includes tackling the illness or avoidance. Eventually, the patient regains wellness when balancing managing their condition, preventing complications, and achieving a better quality of life.

4. Explain the health professional's role in teaching the patient at different life stages.

Effective patient teaching puts into consideration the development stage of a patient. A healthcare professional's role is to provide meaningful patient education based on the patient’s capacity to comprehend what is being taught. Physical maturation, ability, cognitive capacity, and psychosocial development vary with life stages. Healthcare providers have to assess their patient’s level of comprehension and subsequent compliance when educating patients. They also have to tailor-make their teaching approach to meet the patient’s preferences and literacy level (Thompson, May, Leach, Smith, & Fereday, 2021).

5. Define the role of the family in patient education.

4 Family, as a social unit, provides more than just a sense of belonging to patients. Family members provide essential emotional and psychological support to patients. Their involvement in patient education is vital in helping patients cope with their condition, understand their condition better, and improve compliance with suggested therapies (Park, Lee, Jeong, Jeong, & Go 2018).

Family members can help patients better manage their health by ensuring that they adjust to the required lifestyle or treatment regimen. In addition, family members are involved in caring for the patient and therefore need disease management and treatment knowledge.

6. How might the family influence the compliance of the patient, and what measures can the health care professional use in communication with the family?

The family influences compliance by helping the patient execute the recommended care plan.

When family members are aware of patient needs that should be prioritized, they support achieving them and promoting health. They also remind the patient whenever they forget to do something recommended and warn them whenever they engage in undesirable behavior.

When communicating with family members, healthcare providers should ensure that they understand what is being communicated. This can be ascertained by using the teach-back approach to ensure the correct information has been passed (Park et al., 2018). In addition, care providers should use simple language that both the patient and the family members understand.

5 References Asante, J. O., Li, M. J., Liao, J., Huang, Y. X., & Hao, Y. T. (2019). The relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout and quality of life among primary healthcare workers in rural Guangdong province: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4278-8 Goetz, K., Berger, S., Gavartina, A., Zaroti, S., & Szecsenyi, J. (2015). How psychosocial factors affect wellbeing of practice assistants at work in general medical care?--a questionnaire survey. BMC Family Practice, 16, 166. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-015-0366-y Park, M., Lee, M., Jeong, H., Jeong, M., & Go, Y. (2018). Patient-and family-centered care interventions for improving the quality of health care: a review of systematic reviews. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 87, 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.07.006 Strickhouser, J. E., Zell, E., & Krizan, Z. (2017). Does personality predict health and wellbeing?

A metasynthesis. Health Psychology, 36(8), 797. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/hea0000475 Thompson, D. L., May, E. J., Leach, M., Smith, C. P., & Fereday, J. (2021). The invisible nature of learning: Patient education in nursing. Collegian, 28(3), 341-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2020.08.002