Sexual Dysfunction

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Sexual Dysfunction Sexual dysfunction is a group of disorders that occurs during the sexual process and prevents one from getting satisfaction from the sexual activity. This can contribute to a psychiatric disorder, requiring proper diagnosis and treatment. The DSM 5 classifies sexual dysfunction into male and female sexual dysfunction, with males having four different types of dysfunctions and females having three sexual dysfunctions. Female sexual interest/arousal disorder is one of the female sexual dysfunctions. Its diagnostic criteria includes having three or more of the following symptoms; reduced or no interest in sexual activity, reduced or no sexual thoughts or fantasies, less or no initiation of sexual activity or not responding to a partner’s initiation, reduced or no pleasure for 75-100% of sexual activity, reduced or no interest/arousal in context of sexual cues and reduced or no genital or non-genital sensations during 75 to 100% of sexual activity events.

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2 The treatment approach for female sexual interest/arousal disorder varies depending on the underlying cause of the dysfunction (Both, 2017). For example, in cases where androgen levels are compromised, testosterone therapy is effective for treatment. Hormonal therapies using estrogen and tibolone can be used to increase sexual desire in cases of vulvovaginal atrophy.

Topical lubricants are effective in cases of vaginal dryness. Use of EROS clitoral therapy device also increases vaginal lubrication and sensation (Meston & Stanton, 2017).

Psychological treatment for decreased sexual desire focuses mainly on educating women on things that may affect sexual desire. This includes communication with their partners, having time for intimacy, sexual fantasy training, cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional sexual beliefs, and sensate focus. Behavioral techniques can help women learn to focus on pleasurable sensations and not the sexual act in itself, identifying and dealing with distractive/negative sexual thoughts or beliefs and help them explore their sexual likes and dislikes (Meston & Stanton, 2017).

3 References American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Both, S. (2017). Recent Developments in Psychopharmaceutical Approaches to Treating Female Sexual Interest and Arousal Disorder. Current sexual health reports, 9(4), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-017-0124-3 Meston, C.M. & Stanton, A.M. (2017). Treatment of Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder.

In: The Textbook of Clinical Sexual Medicine.165-168. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6_11