Test Bank for Introduction to Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies 2nd Edition

Test Bank for Introduction to Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies 2nd Edition

Test Bank for Introduction to Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies 2nd Edition

Test Bank for Introduction to Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies 2nd Edition

Section 1: Mapping the Field: An Introduction to Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies Type: multiple choice question Title: Hooks: Section 01 Question 01 1) The form of feminism bell hooks identifies in which women work within the existing power structures to maximize their freedom is called: Feedback: Reformist feminism works to undo existing power structures toward liberation. The others have different definitions.

Page reference: bell hooks, “Feminist Politics” a. Lifestyle Feminism b. Radical Feminism *c. Reformist Feminism d. Revolutionary Feminism Type: multiple choice question Title: Hooks: Section 01 Question 02 2) The form of feminism bell hooks identifies in which women work to deconstruct the existing power structures and build new structures to maximize their freedom is called: Feedback: Revolutionary feminism is defined as working to create new conceptualizations of power instead of trying to reform those already in existence.

Page reference: bell hooks, “Feminist Politics” a. Lifestyle Feminism b. Radical Feminism c. Reformist Feminism *d. Revolutionary Feminism Type: multiple choice question Title: Hooks: Section 01 Question 03 3) The form of feminism bell hooks identifies in which politics holds no relevance is called: Lifestyle feminism has no political agenda and solely focuses on the individual.

Page reference: bell hooks, “Feminist Politics” *a. Lifestyle Feminism b. Radical Feminism c. Reformist Feminism d. Revolutionary Feminism Type: multiple choice question Title: Johnson: Section 01 Question 04 4) Some critics objected to Johnson’s statement that the participants in the patriarchy include: Feedback: This essay focuses on the idea that women can enact misogyny just as men can. ) Page reference: Allan Johnson, “Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us” (2014) a. Men *b. Women c. Children d. Those in the LGBT community Type: multiple choice question Title: Johnson: Section 01 Question 05 5) Allen Johnson claims that patriarchy is: Feedback: This essay argues that patriarchy is not just about people, specifically about men, but about larger structural systems that enact misogyny.

Page reference: Allan Johnson, “Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us” (2014) *a. A system b. A particular individual

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

c. Static d. Universal Type: multiple choice question Title: Johnson: Section 01 Question 06 6) Patriarchy privileges: Feedback: Because patriarchy is a system, it privileges other structural concepts such as masculinity and power. Femininity is marginalized in patriarchal structures.

Page reference: Allan Johnson, “Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us” (2014) a. Femininity b. Dominance/Control c. Masculinity *d. Both B and C Type: multiple choice question Title: Fausto-Sterling: Section 01 Question 07 7) Anne Fausto-Sterling estimates that for every 1,000 children born, roughly are intersex.

Feedback: This number, 17, is directly from the reading.

Page reference: Anne Fausto-Sterling, “The Five Sexes Revisited” (2000) a. 3 b. 11 *c. 17 d. 22 Type: multiple choice question Title: Fausto-Sterling: Section 01 Question 08 8) Which of these are sexes named in Anne Fausto-Sterling’s “The Five Sexes?”

Feedback: Herms, merms, and ferms are all terms that the author uses, though those terms are not used as much today.

Page reference: Anne Fausto-Sterling, “The Five Sexes Revisited” (2000) a. Merms, germs, and ferms b. Herms, memes, and merms c. Herms, lerms, and merms *d. Herms, merms, and ferms Type: multiple choice question Title: Fausto-Sterling: Section 01 Question 09 9) What change/changes do the author suggest to add legal protections for intersex and transgender persons?

Feedback: The authors argues for eliminative gender from official documents as a way to disrupt the gender binary.

Page reference: Anne Fausto-Sterling, “The Five Sexes Revisited” (2000) a. Disallow same-sex marriage *b. Eliminate gender from official documents c. Use a gender binary when asking people to identify themselves. d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Ijeoma: Section 01 Question 10 10) While coming of age in Nigeria, where did Ijeoma find relief from the strict gender roles that focused on her becoming a wife?

Feedback: Much of the reading is about the author finding relief at school where she was allowed to think of a future that involved more than becoming a wife.

Page reference: Ijeoma A., “Because You’re a Girl” (2002) a. Home *b. School c. Marketplace d. Nowhere

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Type: multiple choice question Title: Ijeoma: Section 01 Question 11 11) What happened after Ijeoma A. suggested her cousin wash his own dishes?

Feedback: In this moment, she tries to disrupt and gender norm and she is punished for it.

Page reference: Ijeoma A., “Because You’re a Girl” (2002) a. She was not permitted to watch soccer b. He agreed to help *c. She was punished d. She was sent to school in the U.S. Type: multiple choice question Title: Ijeoma: Section 01 Question 12 12) Though she enjoys her freedoms in the United States, Ijeoma does miss elements of her upbringing. What are some of the things she misses about Nigeria?

Feedback: The author misses many elements of her life in Nigeria, including the community, food, and celebrations.

Page reference: Ijeoma A., “Because You’re a Girl” (2002) a. The sense of community b. The food c. The celebrations *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Pascoe: Section 01 Question 13 13) C.J. Pascoe advocates for uncoupling the study of masculinity from what?

Feedback: The author argues that masculinity should be a study of the structure of the gender norm and not just about men’s bodies.

Page reference: C.J. Pascoe, “Making Masculinity: Adolescence, Identity, and High School” (2011) a. The female body b. Sexuality c. Femininity *d. The male body Type: multiple choice question Title: Pascoe: Section 01 Question 14 14) C.J. Pascoe writes that “for boys, achieving a masculine identity entails the repeated repudiation of the specter of failed masculinity.” In what ways do boys enact this reification of masculinity?

Feedback: The author shows that boys coming of age feel pressure to assert their masculinity in a variety of ways dealing with sexuality and heterosexism.

Page reference: C.J. Pascoe, “Making Masculinity: Adolescence, Identity, and High School” (2011) a. Using homophobic epithets within their social groups b. Engaging in heterosexist discussion of girls’ bodies c. Engaging in heterosexist discussions of their own sexual experiences *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Pascoe: Section 01 Question 15 15) In what ways do the boys at River High School constitute masculinity, according to C.J. Pascoe?

Feedback: The author focuses on the way boys use girls’ subjectivity as a way to assert their own power.

Page reference: C.J. Pascoe, “Making Masculinity: Adolescence, Identity, and High School” (2011) a. By driving powerful cars b. By excelling at sports *c. By demonstrating sexual mastery and denying girls’ subjectivity d. By exercising and lifting weights Type: multiple choice question Title: Clare: Section 01 Question 16

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

16) Clare wants people with disabilities to be seen as: Feedback: The author wants to undo the concept of the inspiring “super crip” and instead have people see those with disabilities are ordinary people.

Page reference: Eli Clare, “The Mountain” *a. Ordinary b. Inspirational c. Incapable d. Pitiable Type: multiple choice question Title: Clare: Section 01 Question 17 17) What term does Clare use when discussing himself?

Feedback: The author spends considerable time articulating his identity and often uses words that can be seen as derogatory.

Page reference: Eli Clare, “The Mountain” a. Gimp b. Crip c. Queer *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Clare: Section 01 Question 18 18) In Clare’s discussion of Michael Oliver’s disability theory, Clare believes Oliver’s model misses what?

Feedback: Though the author agrees with the academic elements of Oliver’s argument, he believes it is missing a discussion of an emotional reality.

Page reference: Type title of reading here a. Theoretical sense *b. The emotional reality of those living with disability c. Political understanding d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: DiAngelo: Section 01 Question 19 19) In what situations can white silence be constructive in racial discussions?

Feedback: The author outlines many situations when white silence can be constructive, including all of these listed.

Page reference: Eli Clare, “The Mountain” a. When people of color are discussing the sensitive issue of internalized racial oppression b. When other white people have already spoken first and most to an issue in the discussion c. When intentionally trying not to speak first and most to an issue in the discussion *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: DiAngelo: Section 01 Question 20 20) According to DiAngelo, which is a viable reason for a white person to remain silent in a discussion on race?

Feedback: The author outlines many situations when white silence can be harmful, including all of these listed.

Page reference: Robin DiAngelo, “Nothing to Add: A Challenge to White Silence in Racial Discussions” a. “Everyone has already said what I was thinking” b. “I don’t have much to add” c. “I don’t know much about race so I will just listen” *d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: DiAngelo: Section 01 Question 21 21) Which statement is an assertion DiAngelo makes in her argument?

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Feedback: The author argues that all white engagement must be informed by antiracist perspectives or it is harmful.

Page reference: Robin DiAngelo, “Nothing to Add: A Challenge to White Silence in Racial Discussions” a. All white silence is harmful b. White people and people of color are likely to feel the same way when in spaces of discussions of race. *c. No form of white engagement that is not informed by an antiracist perspective is benign d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Lorde: Section 01 Question 22 22) Which system of oppression does Audre Lorde claim is the most oppressive?

Feedback: Lorde argues that oppression cannot be compared but must be seen through an intersectional lens.

Page reference: Audre Lorde, “There Is No Hierarchy of Oppressions” (1983) a. Racism b. Heterosexism c. Sexism *d. All systems of oppression are equally oppressive Type: multiple choice question Title: Lorde: Section 01 Question 23 23) Why does Audre Lorde claim that “Any attack against Black people is a lesbian and gay issue”?

Feedback: The author’s point of the essay is to show how marginalized identities intersect.

Page reference: Audre Lorde, “There Is No Hierarchy of Oppressions” (1983) *a. Because marginalized identities intersect b. Because racism and heterosexism are the same in every way c. Because she only believes in fighting homophobia d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Currier and Migraine-George: Section 01 Question 24 24) What identity is not always accepted within queer African communities according to Currier and Migraine-George?

Feedback: The authors point out that bisexual identities are not always accepted in queer communities in the countries they studied.

Page reference: Ashley Currier and Thérèse Migraine-George, “Queer/African Identities: Questions, Limits, Challenges” a. Transgender *b. Bisexual c. Gay d. Lesbian Type: multiple choice question Title: Currier and Migraine-George: Section 01 Question 25 25) What legacies do queer African communities respond to according to Currier and MigraineGeorge?

Feedback: The authors show how different forms of oppression intersect to affect queer communities in the countries they studied.

Page reference: Ashley Currier and Thérèse Migraine-George, “Queer/African Identities: Questions, Limits, Challenges” a. Sexism b. Homophobia c. Scientific racism *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Currier and Migraine-George: Section 01 Question 26

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

26) In what spaces are queer voices and creators being cultivated?

Feedback: The authors argue that queer voices are creating their own spaces in social media, literature, and film.

Page reference: Ashley Currier and Thérèse Migraine-George, “Queer/African Identities: Questions, Limits, Challenges” a. Social media b. Literature c. Film *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Caballero: Section 01 Question 27 27) What is the theme of this poem?

Feedback: The author conveys the sadness and silencing caused by being bullied.

Page reference: M. Soledad Caballero, “Before Intersectionality” *a. Marginalized identities intersected in the speaker’s life and caused sadness and silence due to bullying b. South Carolina schools encouraged activism c. Bullying happens to everyone d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Caballero: Section 01 Question 28 28) In “Before Intersectionality,” M. Soledad Caballero says of the speaker’s experiences as an immigrant: Feedback: The majority of the poem focuses on the speaker’s experience as an immigrant.

Page reference: M. Soledad Caballero, “Before Intersectionality” a. “We straddled emptiness. Spanish in whispers, our parents’ accents, their immigrant fears.” b. “We lived our sadness through each other. We lived our silence too.” c. “There were only two colors, only two histories. We were neither.” *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Williams Brown and Washburn: Section 01 Question 29 29) What is/are an element(s) of transdisciplinarity pedagogy?

Feedback: The authors argue that such pedagogy must be student-centered and not teachercentered.

Page reference: Kimberly Williams Brown and Red Washburn, “Trans-forming Bodies and Bodies of Knowledge: A Case Study of Utopia, Intersectionality, Transdisciplinarity, and Collaborative Pedagogy” a. Singular, individual, teacher-centered classrooms b. Invested in reifying canons that focus only on a few voices *c. Student-centered, dialogue-focused classrooms d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Williams Brown and Washburn: Section 01 Question 30 30) A professional element of successful transdisciplinarity in the classroom is Feedback: The authors use their own experience to illustrate the necessity of showing vulnerability, deploying empathy, and naming their privilege.

Page reference: Kimberly Williams Brown and Red Washburn, “Trans-forming Bodies and Bodies of Knowledge: A Case Study of Utopia, Intersectionality, Transdisciplinarity, and Collaborative Pedagogy” a. The professors making themselves vulnerable b. The professors naming their privilege c. The professors using empathy *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Title: Williams Brown and Washburn: Section 01 Question 31 31) Which statement best encapsulates the experience of the authors?

Feedback: The authors describe how they had to continually analyse how power played out in and out of the classroom.

Page reference: Kimberly Williams Brown and Red Washburn, “Trans-forming Bodies and Bodies of Knowledge: A Case Study of Utopia, Intersectionality, Transdisciplinarity, and Collaborative Pedagogy” *a. They continually interrogated how power played out in the collaborations b. They had all resources they needed to help students deal with their trauma c. The spaces they created were free of conflict d. They did little to show appreciation for each other while teaching

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Section 2: Historical Perspectives in Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 01 1) What were the four things that Angelina Emily Grimké suggested women could do to end slavery and in what order?

Feedback: After convincing the reader of her argument, Grimke clearly outlines her call to action as read, pray, speak, and act.

Page reference : Angelina Emily Grimke, “An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South” (1836) a. Pray, read, speak, and act *b. Read, pray, speak, and act c. Speak, read, act, and pray d. Read, pray, speak, and vote Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 02 2) Why did Grimké appeal to women to end slavery?

Feedback: Grimke argues that women are in a position to make the argument to end slavery even though they are not lawmakers because of their religion and their roles as wife and mother in domestic spaces.

Page reference: Angelina Emily Grimké, “An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South” (1836) a. Their Christianity b. Their role as wives c. Their role as mothers *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 03 3) Grimké viewed slavery as: Feedback: Grimke uses Christianity to make the argument that slavery is a sin.

Page reference: Angelina Emily Grimké, “An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South” (1836) *a. a sin b. a necessary evil c. Both d. Neither Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 04 4) According to the “Declaration of Sentiments,” what rights had women been denied?

Feedback: The document lists all three as some of the rights denied to women.

Page reference Seneca Falls Convention, “Declaration of Sentiments” and “Resolutions” (1848) a. The right to vote b. The right to attend college c. The right to live an independent life *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 05 5) What document was “The Declaration of Sentiments” modeled after?

Feedback: The authors model the document after the Declaration of Independence to highlight the fact that women do not benefit from the same rights even though the country was founded upon such principles.

Page reference: *Seneca Falls Convention, “Declaration of Sentiments” and “Resolutions” (1848) a. The Constitution *b. The Declaration of Independence c. The Articles of the Confederation

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

d. The Ten Commandments Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 06 6) Which of the following is NOT a Resolution called for by the Convention?

Feedback: There is no call for the right to enslave others, though it was still legal in some states at the time.

Page reference: *Seneca Falls Convention, “Declaration of Sentiments” and “Resolutions” (1848) a. The right to vote b. The right to participate more wholly in religious realms c. The right to participate in commerce at the same level as men do *d. The right to enslave others Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 07 7) What concepts does Truth use to show her body is just as strong, if not stronger, than a man’s?

Feedback: All of these physical actions are described in the speech to show the strength of women’s bodies.

Page reference: “Sojourner Truth, “1851 Speech” a. Plowing b. Giving birth c. Eating *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 08 8) What religion does Sojourner Truth use to justify her demands for equality?

Feedback: Truth alludes to Eve, a Christian reference, e.g.

Page reference: Sojourner Truth, “1851 Speech” *a. Christianity b. Islam c. Judaism d. She does not use religion Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 09 9) What did Sojourner Truth use to quantify women’s intelligence metaphorically?

Feedback: Truth uses the pint measure as a way of illustrating women’s intelligence in relation to men’s intelligence described as a quart.

Page reference: Sojourner Truth, “1851 Speech”” a. A thimble b. A gallon c. A quart *d. A pint Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 10 10) What was the first excuse for lynching identified by Ida B. Wells?

Feedback: Wells gives three excuses for how lynching was rationalized throughout history, and the first excuse used by white people was the unfounded fear of insurrection and rioting by African Americans.

Page reference: Ida B. Wells ,“A Red Record” (1895) a. To maintain segregation b. To ensure white government and white rule c. To avenge the rape of white women *d. To quell insurrections and race riots Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 11

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

11) What was the third excuse for lynching identified by Ida B. Wells?

Feedback: Wells gives three excuses for how lynching was rationalized throughout history, and the third excuse used by white people was their fabricated fear of African Americans assaulting white women.

Page reference: Ida B. Wells ,“A Red Record” (1895) a. To maintain segregation *b. To avenge the rape of white women c. To ensure white government and white rule d. To quell insurrections and race riots Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 12 12) What concept does Wells argue white men abuse in the name of protecting white women from African American men?

Feedback: The passage ends with Wells explaining that white men hide behind the idea of chivalry to rationalize their lynching of black men.

Page reference: Ida B. Wells , “A Red Record” (1895) *a. Chivalry b. Capitalism c. Slavery d. Reconstruction

Twentieth Century Type: multiple choice question Title: The New York Times: Section 02 Question 13 13) What caused The Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire to spread so quickly?

Feedback: The flammable nature of the material is what caused the fire to spread so quickly.

Page reference: “141 Men and Girls Die in Waist Factory Fire” (1911) a. Shoddy building construction *b. Fabric scraps on the floor and finished shirtwaists hung above c. Dust that lingered in the air due to improper ventilation d. The newspapers that were used as floor coverings Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 14 14) Most of the workers in The Triangle Shirtwaist factory were: Feedback: This story highlights the risks immigrant women were required to take in the workplace during this era.

Page reference: The New York Times ,“141 Men and Girls Die in Waist Factory Fire” (1911) *a. Immigrant women b. American-born men c. American-born women d. African Americans Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 15 15) From a legal perspective, what did this tragedy set in motion?

Feedback: An investigation into working conditions began after the fire.

Page reference: The New York Times ,“141 Men and Girls Die in Waist Factory Fire” (1911) a. Stricter gun laws b. Anti-labor laws *c. An investigation into working conditions d. An investigation into discriminatory practices Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 16 16) What was the name of the publication distributed by the Daughters of Bilitis?

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Feedback: The Ladder, the first nationally distributed lesbian publication, became an important source of information for lesbians across the country and created a sense of community.

Page reference: Daughters of Bilitis, “Statement of Purpose” a. The Closet b. The Window c. The Staircase *d. The Ladder Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 17 17) Two of the four points the Daughters of Bilitis listed in their “Statement of Purpose” concerned what activity?

Feedback: Much of the document focuses on the role of education within the lesbian community and beyond it to promote acceptance.

Page reference: Daughters of Bilitis, “Statement of Purpose” (1955) a. Participation *b. Education c. Investigation d. Promotion Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 18 18) What realms of society did the “Statement of Purpose” want to reform?

Feedback: The text calls for reform in a broad swath of American society and institutions.

Page reference: Daughters of Bilitis, “Statement of Purpose” (1955) a. Penal Code b. Psychological Research c. Education of the lesbian community and the public *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 19 19) Why was Sylvia Rivera glad to have participated in the Stonewall riot?

Feedback: Rivera states that the revolution for rights had finally come.

Page reference: Leslie Feinberg, interview with Sylvia Rivera, “I’m Glad I Was in the Stonewall Riot” (1998) a. Because it inspired her to start a group to help homeless gay people b. Because she hated the police *c. Because she thought it meant the revolution had come d. Because by rioting the bar patrons avoided jail Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 20 20) In the 1960s, who did Sylvia Rivera feel “were the real enemy?

Feedback: Rivera states that her community were treated like “animals” by the police.

Page reference: Leslie Feinberg, interview with Sylvia Rivera, “I’m Glad I Was in the Stonewall Riot” (1998) a. Society *b. Police c. Religious individuals d. Both society and religious individuals Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 21 21) What was the goal of STAR, the organization that Rivera, along with her friend Marsha, started in 1970?

Feedback: STAR helped homeless gay people survive in a climate that put them at great risk.

Page reference: Leslie Feinberg, interview with Sylvia Rivera, “I’m Glad I Was in the Stonewall Riot” (1998)

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

*a. To help homeless gay people b. To help drag queens c. To help Puerto Rican youth d. To advocate for gay rights Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 22 22) Finish this statement from the text: “Participatory democracy begins at home. If you are planning to implement your politics, there are certain things to remember: 1. He is feeling it more than you. He’s losing some leisure and you’re gaining it. The measure of your oppression is his [blank].”

Feedback: The author is showing the reader that when the wife gains leisure, the husband will resist in equal measure.

Page reference: Pat Mainardi, “The Politics of Housework” (1970) a. Happiness *b. Resistance c. Cleanliness d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 23 23) Does Pat Mainardi really believe that the labor of housework is trivial?

Feedback: The essence of the essay is that housework is a space for oppression or liberation within the domestic sphere.

Page reference: Pat Mainardi, “The Politics of Housework” (1970) *a. No b. Yes c. Sometimes d. Most of the time Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 24 24) Which of these statements are on the list of things for women to remember when trying to implement participatory democracy and equity of housework in the home?

Feedback: All of these statements are things Mainardi wants women to remember when trying to implement participatory democracy and equity of housework in the home.

Page reference: Pat Mainardi, “The Politics of Housework” (1970) a. “A great many American men are not accustomed to doing monotonous repetitive work which never issues in any lasting, let alone important, achievement.” b. “Arm yourself with some knowledge of the psychology of oppressed peoples everywhere, and a few facts about the animal kingdom.” c. “With the death of each form of oppression, life changes and new forms evolve.” *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 25 25) To what causes did Anne Koedt attribute claims by some women that they had experienced vaginal orgasms?

Feedback: She states that women’s claims of having vaginal orgasms were founded in confusion or deception.

Page reference: Anne Koedt, “The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm” (1970) a. Deception or lack of evidence b. Error or confusion *c. Confusion or deception d. Fear or error Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 26 26) Does Koedt write that all female orgasms are clitoral?

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Feedback: She argues all female orgasms are clitoral.

Page reference: Anne Koedt, “The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm” (1970) a. No *b. Yes c. It’s a mix d. Female orgasms are a myth Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 27 27) Who does Koedt claim began the myth of the vaginal orgasm?

Feedback: She argues that Freud began the myth.

Page reference: Anne Koedt, “The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm” (1970) *a. Freud b. Kinsey c. Johnson d. Smith Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 28 28) How can women heal from the self-hatred rooted in their “male-given identity”?

Feedback: The authors argue that women must create a new understanding of “woman,” thereby giving women a new sense of self defined outside of patriarchal, heterosexist norms.

Page reference: Radicalesbians, “The Woman-Identified Woman” (1970) a. Accept the current definition of “woman” *b. Women must give each other a new sense of self c. Accept basic heterosexual structures d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 29 29) Fill in the blank: “In a society in which men do not oppress women, and sexual expression is allowed to follow feelings, the categories of homosexuality and heterosexuality would [blank].”

Feedback: The quote is “In a society in which men do not oppress women, and sexual expression is allowed to follow feelings, the categories of homosexuality and heterosexuality would disappear.”

Page reference: Radicalesbians, “The Woman-Identified Woman” (1970) *a. Disappear b. Emerge c. Grow Stronger d. Multiply Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 30 30) Who claimed that lesbians in the feminist movement were a “lavender menace?”

Feedback: Betty Friedan famously used this term for lesbians in the feminist movement.

Page reference: Radicalesbians, “The Woman-Identified Woman” (1970) *a. Betty Friedan b. Anne Koedt c. Laura Mulvey d. Sylvia Rivera Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 31 31) What did the Chicago Gay Liberation Front argue that psychiatrists should do for their gay patients?

Feedback: They argue that instead of treating patients with the adjustment approach, doctors should work alongside other working for gay liberation.

Page reference: Chicago Gay Liberation Front, “A Leaflet for the American Medical Association” (1970) a. Refer them to gay-friendly therapists

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

b. Prescribe antidepressants *c. Participate in dismantling structures that oppress homosexuals d. Turn them away Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 32 32) What does the Chicago Gay Liberation Front refuse to do in regards to the AMA? Feedback: The crux of the argument is to repudiate the adjustment approach for treating those who are homosexual.

Page reference: Chicago Gay Liberation Front, “A Leaflet for the American Medical Association” (1970) a. Confront mental health professionals *b. “Adjust” to their oppression through adjustment therapy c. Seek psychiatric services d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 33 33) Fill in the blanks of what the leaflet calls for: “We are convinced that a [blank] and a [blank] will do more for the vast majority of homosexuals than two years on the [blank]”.

Feedback: The leaflet calls for the need to create community and tear down heterosexist structures as a means to help those who are homosexual instead of subjecting them to therapy.

Page reference: Chicago Gay Liberation Front, “A Leaflet for the American Medical Association” (1970) *a. picket; dance; couch b. diagnosis; medication; picket line c. soda; smile; payroll d. dog; therapy session; squad Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 34 34) What did the Combahee River Collective declare to be the initial source of their politics?

Feedback: Early in the text, they write, “Above all else, our politics initially sprang from the shared belief that Black women are inherently valuable…”

Page reference: The Combahee River Collective, “A Black Feminist Statement” (1977) a. Their economic position at the very bottom of the ladder b. The personal sacrifice, militancy, and work of their predecessors *c. The shared belief that Black women are valuable d. The unwillingness of the white feminist movement to recognize their contributions Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 35 35) Fill in these blanks: “We believe in [blank] process and a nonhierarchical distribution of power within our own group and in our vision of a [blank] society.”

Feedback: The statement focuses on the revolutionary nature of the statement: “We believe in collective process and a nonhierarchical distribution of power within our own group and in our vision of a revolutionary society.”

Page reference: The Combahee River Collective, “A Black Feminist Statement” (1977) a. individual; reformist *b. collective; revolutionary c. normative; compassionate d. critical; empathetic Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 36 36) What is an issue/problem that is a major concern to Black feminists according to the Combahee River Collective?

Feedback: Much of the statement’s genesis stems from a need to respond to racism within white feminism.

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Page reference: The Combahee River Collective, “A Black Feminist Statement” (1977) *a. Racism within the white feminist movement b. Integration of Black families in white neighborhoods c. Both d. Neither Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 37 37) What are actions the women of color are doing in the poem?

Feedback: The women of color when working instead of being imagined romantically by white women are cleaning up after said white women and digging for uranium.

Page reference: Jo Carrillo, “And When You Leave, Take Your Pictures With You” (1981) a. Cleaning up after white women b. Digging for uranium *c. Both d. Neither Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 38 38) What group of people does Jo Carrillo criticize?

Feedback: The poem criticizes “the romanticized image of a global sisterhood and the appropriation of third world women and their struggle by white, privileged feminists.”

Page reference: Jo Carrillo, “And When You Leave, Take Your Pictures With You” (1981) *a. White radical feminists b. Black radical feminists c. White men d. Black men Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 39 39) What statement best summarizes the theme of this poem?

Feedback: The poem repeats the theme that white women do not actually want to do the work to create liberation for all women, including women of color and in fact benefit from the oppression of women of color.

Page reference: Jo Carrillo, “And When You Leave, Take Your Pictures With You” (1981) a. All women are working together for women’s liberation *b. White women say they like the idea of liberating women globally but in fact are uncomfortable when confronted with their complicity in oppressing those women and benefit from oppressing the women they say they are sisters in liberation with c. White women fully support women of color in creating revolutionary change d. Women of color are understood by white women who call themselves sisters in the struggle for liberation Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 40 40) How does bell hooks believe liberal feminists unconsciously designated their movement as “women’s work”?

Feedback: hooks argues that liberal feminists did not stress enough the need for men to assume responsibility for ending sexism.

Page reference: bell hooks, “Men: Comrades in Struggle” (1984) a. By explicitly excluding men b. By making it seem dirty and devalued *c. By not continually stressing that men should assume responsibility for ending sexist oppression d. Through their anti-male rhetoric Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 41 41) bell hooks believes feminism should be concerned with: Feedback: The essay argues for an intersectional approach to feminism.

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Page reference: bell hooks, “Men: Comrades in Struggle” (1984) a. Sexism b. Classism c. Racism *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 42 42) What aspect(s) of the feminist movement does bell hooks criticize in “Men: Comrades in Struggle?”

Feedback: hooks wants MORE inclusion of minority voices in the movement.

Page reference: bell hooks, “Men: Comrades in Struggle” (1984) a. Separatist ideology b. Inclusion of racial minorities experiences and voices c. Anti-male rhetoric *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 43 43) The idea of the mestiza Gloria Anzaldúa describes, inspired by the work of José Vasconcelos, is one of Feedback: Inclusivity is the idea that informs the idea of the mestiza.

Page reference: Gloria Anzaldúa, “La Conciencia de la Mestiza/Towards a New Consciousness” (1987) *a. Inclusivity b. Exclusivity c. Purity d. Certainty Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 44 44) Fill in the blank: “The struggle of the mestiza is above all a [blank] one.”

Feedback: Ultimately the argument is that the “struggle of the mestiza is above all a feminist one.”

Page reference: Gloria Anzaldúa, “La Conciencia de la Mestiza/Towards a New Consciousness” (1987) a. Sexism *b. Feminist c. Complex d. Nationalism Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 45 45) What does Gloria Anzaldúa say la mestiza must do in order to release herself from the weight of the baggage she carries in her struggle?

Feedback: She lists all of the above as actions la mestiza must take to relieve herself of the psychic weight she carries.

Page reference: Gloria Anzaldúa, “La Conciencia de la Mestiza/Towards a New Consciousness” (1987) a. Winnow out the lies that history has told her b. Shape new myths c. Reinterpret history *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 46 46) What are some of the benefits for men who are part of the struggle for social justice?

Feedback: All of the choices are part of the section “Enhancing Men’s Lives” that outlines benefit for men involved in social justice movements.

Page reference: National Organization for Men Against Sexism, “Tenets” (19XX)

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition a. More time spent with one’s children b. Genuine male friendships c. Emotional Expressiveness *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 47 47) Fill in the blank: “Our organization must take a highly visible and energetic position in support of women’s struggle for equality. Our movement was born directly out of and continually nourished by [blank].”

Feedback: The piece states, “Our organization must take a highly visible and energetic position in support of women’s struggle for equality. Our movement was born directly out of and continually nourished by feminism.”

Page reference: National Organization for Men Against Sexism, “Tenets” (19XX) a. Patriarchy b. Intersectionality *c. Feminism d. Capitalism Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 48 48) What word describes the movement these tenets put forth?

Feedback: The tenets put forth an intersectional approach to be enacted by men.

Page reference: National Organization for Men Against Sexism, “Tenets” (19XX) a. Capitalist *b. Intersectional c. Patriarchal d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 49 49) What does Angela Davis say has undermined our ability to engage in popular discourse around the idea that imprisonment is key to public safety?

Feedback: Davis states, “Therefore, as the emphasis of government policy shifts from social welfare to crime control, racism sinks more deeply into the economic and ideological structures of U.S. society.”

Page reference: Angela Davis, “Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex” (1998) a. The prison industrial complex *b. Racism c. Prison privatization d. Reliance on prison labor Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 50 50) Who benefits from the prison industrial complex?

Feedback: Davis states, “But private prison companies are only the most visible component of the increasing corporatization of punishment. Government contracts to build prisons have bolstered the construction industry. The architectural community has identified prison design as a major new niche.

Technology developed for the military by companies like Westinghouse is being marketed for use in law enforcement and punishment.”

Page reference: Angela Davis, “Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex” (1998) a. Private prison companies b. Construction companies c. Technology companies *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Section 02 Question 51 51) Fill in the blank: “But prisons do not disappear problems, they disappear human beings. And the practice of disappearing vast numbers of people from poor, immigrant, and racially marginalized communities has literally become big [blank].”

Feedback: Davis states, “But prisons do not disappear problems, they disappear human beings. And the practice of disappearing vast numbers of people from poor, immigrant, and racially marginalized communities has literally become big business.”

Page reference: Angela Davis, “Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex” (1998) a. Solutions b. Education c. Government *d. Business

Twenty-First Century Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 52 52) Katz argues that discussions about mass violence must go beyond the binary of guns and mental illness and insert what into the conversation if such violence is ever going to be quelled?

Feedback: The basis of the article is to argue for acknowledging masculinity should be part of the conversation about mass violence.

Page reference: Jackson Katz, “Memo to Media: Manhood, Not Guns or Mental Illness, Should Be Central in Newtown Shooting” (2013) a. Discussion of rape b. Discussion of homelessness *c. Discussion of masculinity d. Discussion of feminism Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 53 53) Fill in the blank: “Women in media can initiate this discussion, but [blank] bear the ultimate responsibility for addressing the masculinity crisis at the heart of these tragedies.”

Feedback: Katz argues, “Women in media can initiate this discussion, but men bear the ultimate responsibility for addressing the masculinity crisis at the heart of these tragedies.”

Page reference: Jackson Katz, “Memo to Media: Manhood, Not Guns or Mental Illness, Should Be Central in Newtown Shooting” (2013) a. Teachers *b. Men c. Politicians d. Nations Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 54 54) Katz argues that discussions about gun violence must take into account which of the following?

Feedback: Katz makes the argument that discussions must include conversations about gender and class.

Page reference: Jackson Katz, “Memo to Media: Manhood, Not Guns or Mental Illness, Should Be Central in Newtown Shooting” (2013) a. Gender b. Class c. Neither *d. Both Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 55 55) Fill in the blank: “This approach to feminism is beyond troubling—it’s downright dangerous, considering that the transgender community is one of the nation’s most [blank].”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: The essay states, “This approach to feminism is beyond troubling—it’s downright dangerous, considering that the transgender community is one of the nation’s most vulnerable.”

Page reference: Tina Vasquez, “It’s Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women” (2014) a. Numerous b. Vocal *c. Vulnerable d. Political Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 56 56) Which of these radical feminists does Tina Vasquez name as excluding trans identities from the feminist movement?

Feedback: The article outlines the history of radical feminists who called to exclude trans identities, including all of these feminists listed.

Page reference: Tina Vasquez, “It’s Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women” (2014) a. Cathy Brennan b. Mary Daly c. Elizabeth Hungerford *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 57 57) What does TERF, an acronym for feminists that reject trans identities in feminism, stand for?

Feedback: TERF stands for trans exclusionary radical feminists.

Page reference: Tina Vasquez, “It’s Time to End the Long History of Feminism Failing Transgender Women” (2014) *a. Trans exclusionary radical feminists b. Trans exclusionary revolutionary feminists c. Trans excepting radical feminists d. Trans excepting revolutionary feminists Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 58 58) Fill in the blank: “Trump’s [blank], I suggest, serves as a trigger provoking the fury at the heart of #MeToo.” Feedback: The author’s main point about the historical moment is summarized in her statement, “Trump’s impunity, I suggest, serves as a trigger provoking the fury at the heart of #MeToo.” Page reference: Ashwini Tambe, “Reckoning with the Silences of #MeToo” (2018) *a. Impunity b. Silence c. Anger d. Resilience Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 59 59) Select the statement(s) that is true according to the article at the time it was published: Feedback: All of these statements are part of the author’s outline of the history of #MeToo. Page reference: Ashwini Tambe, “Reckoning with the Silences of #MeToo” (2018) a. Nearly 50 percent of US Facebook users are friends with someone who posted a message about experiences of assault or harassment . b. Within the first twenty-four hours of #MeToo being a prominent hashtag, it had been retweeted half a million times. c. #MeToo has tilted public sympathy in favor of survivors by changing the default response to belief, rather than suspicion; the hashtag has revealed how widespread sexual coercion is. *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Section 02 Question 60 60) What is the author’s call to action?

Feedback: The article ends with the call to “re-script misogynistic practices that make it difficult for women to inhabit these roles [of power] in the first place.”

Page reference: Ashwini Tambe, “Reckoning with the Silences of #MeToo” (2018) a. Unseat coaches, bosses, directors, and executives who have abused their power b. Focus solely on punishing those abusing power in the workplace *c. Re-script misogynistic practices that make it difficult for women to inhabit roles of power d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 61 61) Which of the following populations are mentioned in the document?

Feedback: All are mentioned as part of the intersectional nature of the document.

Page reference: Women’s March, “Guiding Vision and Definition of Principles” (2019) a. Black Women b. Latinx Women c. Indigenous Women *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 62 62) Which statement is true in describing the guiding principles of the Women’s March?

Feedback: The sixth major point of the principles mentions the need for reproductive freedom.

Page reference: Women’s March, “Guiding Vision and Definition of Principles” (2019) *a. Women must have access to reproductive freedom. b. Women have already overcome discrimination in the workplace. c. All women carry equally the burden in the global and domestic economic landscape, particularly in the care economy. d. Women do not need the Equal Rights Amendment anymore.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 02 Question 63 63) Fill in the blank: “We believe that Women’s Rights are [blank] Rights and [blank] Rights are Women’s Rights.”

Feedback: The first principle is “We believe that Women’s Rights are Human Rights and Human Rights are Women’s Rights.

Page reference: Women’s March, “Guiding Vision and Definition of Principles” (2019) a. Basic b. Global *c. Human d. Personhood

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Section 3: Sociopolitical Issues in Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies Test Bank Rethinking the Family Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 01 1) According to Rebecca Barrett-Fox, what is complementarianism?

Feedback: It is defined as “the idea that God created everyone with a sex that aligns with a masculine or feminine gender and that God values and loves men and women equally but has created them for different roles.”

Page reference: Rebecca Barrett-Fox, “Constraints and Freedom in Conservative Christian Women’s Lives” a. That God loves men and women differently but has created equal roles for them b. That the ideal wife should be both beautiful and hardworking *c. The idea that God created everyone with a sex that aligns with a masculine or feminine gender and that God values and loves men and women equally but has created them for different roles d. That women should be submissive to men within marriage.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 02 2) Fill in the blank: “[blank] has been a place where women lead before they can do so in other domains, such as politics or the workplace.”

Feedback: The author states, “Religion has been a place where women lead before they can do so in other domains, such as politics or the workplace.”

Page reference: Rebecca Barrett-Fox, “Constraints and Freedom in Conservative Christian Women’s Lives” a. School b. The home *c. Religion d. Sexuality Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 03 3) What does Rebecca Barret-Fox say men and women need for a happy Quiverfull marriage?

Feedback: The text reads, “In this model, men need respect and women need love, and only when they give each other what they require will marriage be happy (Eggerichs 5).”

Page reference: Rebecca Barrett-Fox, “Constraints and Freedom in Conservative Christian Women’s Lives” a. Men need sex and women need love b. Men need wisdom and women need affection c. Men need authority and women need respect *d. Men need respect and women need love Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 04 4) What is the driving theme of neoliberalism, according to Jessica E. Birch?

Feedback: The article states, “Neoliberalism is an ideology—a set of narratives that shape society— that operates “to reestablish the conditions for capital accumulation and to restore the power of economic elites” (Harvey 19). One of the ways it does this is by demanding individualism, telling us that society is composed of a set of individuals, each of whom has an obligation only to herself, rather than community members who have obligations to care for each other.”

Page reference: Jessica E. Birch, “Love, Labor, and Lorde: The Tools My Grandmother Gave Me” *a. Personal responsibility b. Capitalism c. Care work d. Merit

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 05 5) Fill in the blanks: “And I realize something: I know what kind of person my grandmother was. She was unbought and unbossed, her whole life. She helped make a world in which I don’t always have to be a hard woman, taught me how to survive when I do have to be. She was a woman whose pride in [blank] work was a form of [blank.]”

Feedback: The essay ends with the realization, “And I realize something: I know what kind of person my grandmother was. She was unbought and unbossed, her whole life. She helped make a world in which I don’t always have to be a hard woman, taught me how to survive when I do have to be. She was a woman whose pride in care work was a form of love.”

Page reference: Jessica E. Birch, “Love, Labor, and Lorde: The Tools My Grandmother Gave Me” a. hard, activism *b. care, love c. paid, pride d. domestic, progress Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 06 6) What term does Jessica Birch use to describe when a woman internalizes oppression so thoroughly that she forgets who she is?

Feedback: The article states, “[c]ondification is another word for women who internalize oppression so hard they lose everything, including their knowledge of who they are, where they’ve been, and how they got there.”

Page reference: Jessica E. Birch, “Love, Labor, and Lorde: The Tools My Grandmother Gave Me” *a. Condification b. Neoliberalism c. Resizing d. Codification Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 07 7) How does the author describe the roles of migrant men in their familied in comparison to the common cultural narrative about these men?

Feedback: The main point of the article is that narratives about migrant men are untrue and that these men often subvert the idea that they are not caregivers.

Page reference: Monisha Das Gupta, “‘Broken Hearts, Broken Families’: The Political Uses of Families in the Fight Against Deportation” a. The men cannot provide for their families and are solely breadwinners *b. They are non-normative c. They incite fear of terrorism d. They perpetrate the drug war Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 08 8) What organization does the author examine in this reading?

Feedback: The article studies Families for Freedom (FFF).

Page reference: Monisha Das Gupta, “‘Broken Hearts, Broken Families’: The Political Uses of Families in the Fight Against Deportation” a. Fight for Freedom *b. Families for Freedom c. Families for Families d. Freedom for Families Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 09 9) Fill in the blank: Simply put, FFF’s narratives of good fathering are not just a strategic choice to cast these men as respectable, domesticated, and deserving of public sympathy. They confront us

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with the ways in which deportation becomes an instrument through which the state continues to define “the [blank].”

Feedback: The article reads, “Simply put, FFF’s narratives of good fathering are not just a strategic choice to cast these men as respectable, domesticated, and deserving of public sympathy. They confront us with the ways in which deportation becomes an instrument through which the state continues to define ‘the family.’”

Page reference: Monisha Das Gupta, “‘Broken Hearts, Broken Families’: The Political Uses of Families in the Fight Against Deportation” a. men b. kinship c. immigrant *d. family Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 10 10) Nair pushes against marriage. Fill in the blank in her argument: “So that’s my fundamental critique of gay marriage. It’s not so much that it represents a cultural or social assimilation but that it is a movement that has helped become a vital cog for [blank] and the privatization of resources.”

Feedback: Nair pushes against the idea of marriage: “So that’s my fundamental critique of gay marriage. It’s not so much that it represents a cultural or social assimilation but that it is a movement that has helped become a vital cog for neoliberalism and the privatization of resources.”

Page reference: Sarah Mirk, Popaganda: Queering Family Values a. liberal politics b. conservative politics *c. neoliberalism d. libertarianism Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 11 11) Jacobsen plans to remarry. Fill in the blanks of their argument about marriage: “I do believe in things where it must be dismantled in order to change but also believe that some things have to be changed by [blank] them. I don’t think that I am anyone that does uphold a lot of like, I don’t uphold patriarchy.”

Feedback: The quote reads, “I do believe in things where it must be dismantled in order to change but also believe that some things have to be changed by doing them. I don’t think that I am anyone that does uphold a lot of like, I don’t uphold patriarchy.”

Page reference: Sarah Mirk, Popaganda: Queering Family Values *a. doing b. rejecting c. dispelling d. creating Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 12 12) Which statement best summarizes the interview transcript?

Feedback: Both guests show that family values means different things to different people and there is no one way to be a family.

Page reference: Sarah Mirk, Popaganda: Queering Family Values a. There is only one type of family. *b. Family values means different things to different people. c. Everyone thinks marriage is important. d. Children need parents who are married in order to succeed.

From Labor Market Reform to Mutual Assistance Activism Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 13 13) Unionization has what effect on the gender wage gap?

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: The articles states, “The result is that unionization decreases the gender wage gap (Cho and Cho 2011). Thus, unionizing workers in typically female jobs and industries can reduce the gender wage gap.”

Page reference: Marlene Kim, “Policies to End the Gender Wage Gap in the United States” a. It increases the gender wage gap *b. It decreases the gender wage gap c. It has no effect on the gender wage gap d. There is no gender wage gap Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 14 14) What can be done to end the gender wage gap in the United States?

Feedback: All three are sections of the essay and are offered as solutions to end the gender wage gap.

Page reference: Marlene Kim, “Policies to End the Gender Wage Gap in the United States” a. End pay secrecy b. Encourage unionization c. Create family-friendly policies that allow women to work so that they do not have to choose between their careers and their families *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 15 15) Fill in the blanks: “Thus, [blank]-representation in lower-paid jobs and [blank]-representation in higher-paid ones continue to reduce women’s pay.”

Feedback: The lines states, “Thus, over-representation in lower-paid jobs and underrepresentation in higher-paid ones continue to reduce women’s pay.”

Page reference: Marlene Kim, “Policies to End the Gender Wage Gap in the United States” a. minority; majority b. under; over *c. over; under d. majority; minority Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 16 16) What issue do “gender transgressive people” not face?

Feedback: “Gender transgressive people” face all of these issues.

Page reference: Dean Spade, “Compliance Is Gendered: Struggling for Gendered Self-Determination in a Hostile Economy” a. Housing discrimination b. Economic struggle c. Lack of access to legal advocacy *d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 17 17) While Dean Spade says that there has been much discussion of the psychological harm caused by a binary understanding of gender, what aspect has been neglected?

Feedback: The basis of this article is summarized in this paragraph: “Unfortunately, this analysis has not yet been applied to examine how gender regulation of the poor applies to those who face some of the most dire consequences of a coercive binary gendered economy, those who transgress the basic principles of binary gender. Much feminist analysis of binary gender transgression has focused on the pathologizing medical discourses that have defined popular understandings of gender role distress to reinscribe meaning into rigid notions of “male” and “female.” However, as transgender liberation movements proliferate, and feminist analysis of gender transgression becomes more nuanced and sophisticated, it is essential that we bring along the feminist analysis of gender regulation in work and public assistance systems in order to account for the extreme economic consequences that gendertransgressive people face because of our gender identities and expressions.”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Page reference: Dean Spade, “Compliance Is Gendered: Struggling for Gendered Self-Determination in a Hostile Economy” a. The societal consequences b. The political consequences *c. The economic consequences d. The familial consequences Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 18 18) Fill in the blank: “Now is the time to recognize that no project of gender and sexual selfdetermination will be meaningful if it fails to engage resistance to an inherently violent and hierarchical [blank] economic system that grounds its control over workers and the poor in oppressive understandings of race, sex, gender, ability, and nationality.”

Feedback: The article states, “Now is the time to recognize that no project of gender and sexual selfdetermination will be meaningful if it fails to engage resistance to an inherently violent and hierarchical capitalist economic system that grounds its control over workers and the poor in oppressive understandings of race, sex, gender, ability, and nationality.”

Page reference: Dean Spade, “Compliance Is Gendered: Struggling for Gendered Self-Determination in a Hostile Economy” a. Ableist b. Communist c. Socialist *d. Capitalist Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 19 19) Fill in the blanks: “More specifically, Lean In reveals the ways in which the husk of liberalism is being mobilized to spawn a neoliberal feminism, as well as a new feminist (and not simply a female) subject. Individuated in the extreme, this subject is feminist in the sense that she is distinctly aware of current inequalities between men and women. This same subject is, however, simultaneously neoliberal, not only because she disavows the social, cultural and economic forces producing this inequality, but also because she accepts full responsibility for her own well-being and self-care, which is increasingly predicated on crafting a felicitous work–family balance based on a cost-benefit calculus. The neoliberal feminist subject is thus mobilized to convert continued gender inequality from a [blank] problem into an [blank] affair.”

Feedback: The text reads, “More specifically, Lean In reveals the ways in which the husk of liberalism is being mobilized to spawn a neoliberal feminism, as well as a new feminist (and not simply a female) subject. Individuated in the extreme, this subject is feminist in the sense that she is distinctly aware of current inequalities between men and women. This same subject is, however, simultaneously neoliberal, not only because she disavows the social, cultural and economic forces producing this inequality, but also because she accepts full responsibility for her own well-being and self-care, which is increasingly predicated on crafting a felicitous work–family balance based on a cost-benefit calculus. The neoliberal feminist subject is thus mobilized to convert continued gender inequality from a structural problem into an individual affair.” a. sexist; patriarchal b. personal; political c. opinionated; fascist *d. structural; individual Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 20 20) The successes of women such as Slaughter and Sandberg come with unacknowledged aid and at the expense of those who are: Feedback: The article ends, “Thus, while underscoring these contradictions and incoherencies, we would also do well to point out that the personal well-being of women like Sandberg and Slaughter, who likely constitute less than 0.1% of the general population, is increasingly coming at the expense of the 99.9%, namely, the overwhelming majority of poor, working class, and middle-class women in the USA.” Page reference: *Catherine Rottenberg, “The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism”

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a. poor b. working-class c. middle-class *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 21 21) Which statement best summarizes Rottenberg’s argument?

Feedback: The article states, “Today, by contrast, the emergent feminism is contracting, shining its spotlight, as well as the onus of responsibility on each female subject while turning that subject even more intensively inward. As a result, neoliberal feminism is – not surprisingly – purging itself of all elements that would orient it outwards, towards the public good.”

Page reference: *Catherine Rottenberg, “The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism” *a. Neoliberal feminism is purging feminism of all elements that work toward a larger public good. b. Neoliberal feminism is adding to feminism elements that work toward a larger public good. c. The individual is the most important subject in feminist work. d. All women benefit from the work of neoliberal feminism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 22 22) Fill in the blank: “Moving forward, the American left must refrain from using Puerto Ricans as a [blank] in their battles against the Trump administration and afford them a substantive role in these efforts.”

Feedback: The essay argues, “Moving forward, the American left must refrain from using Puerto Ricans as a pawn in their battles against the Trump administration and afford them a substantive role in these efforts.”

Page reference: Fernando Tormos-Aponte, “The Politics of Survival” a. ally b. partner *c. pawn d. enemy Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 23 23) What must the Left embrace if it is to defeat neoliberal attacks on public institutions?

Feedback: Page reference: Fernando Tormos-Aponte, “The Politics of Survival” a. unions b. environmentalists c. farmers *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 24 24) What does the author argue is the catalyst for a new wave of neoliberal attacks on Puerto Rico?

Feedback: Page reference: Fernando Tormos-Aponte, “The Politics of Survival” a. The 2016 election *b. Hurricane Maria c. a tsunami d. Hurricane Henry

Reproductive Politics Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 25 25) Fill in the blanks: “Maybe it’s time to stress women’s [blank]—and access to affordable and high quality healthcare would surely be an aspect of that freedom—rather than women’s [blank] as our primary goal.”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: The call to action centers around the essay’s argument: “Maybe it’s time to stress women’s freedom—and access to affordable and high quality healthcare would surely be an aspect of that freedom—rather than women’s health as our primary goal.”

Page reference: Kathy E. Ferguson, “Birth Control” a. health; freedom b. feminism; oppression *c. freedom; health d. oppression; feminism Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 26 26) What does Kathy E. Ferguson say that feminists need to give up?

Feedback: Ferguson concludes her article with this call: “Finally, feminists need to give up the comforting idea that history is on our side, that progress toward fuller rights and greater equality is written into the order of things, once we dispense with those irrational, wrong-thinking obstructionists.”

Page reference: Kathy E. Ferguson, “Birth Control” a. The focus on women’s plight b. The right to birth control c. The idea that they can have it all *d. The idea that history is on their side Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 27 27) This reading calls for the fight for access to birth control to be what?

Feedback: The article focuses on the need for the fight to be more radical and focused on ideas of freedom, not health, as those strategies have not worked as well as feminists would have hoped.

Page reference: Kathy E. Ferguson, “Birth Control” *a. More radical and focused on freedom b. Less radical and focused on health c. More immediate d. Directed at men Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 28 28) Fill in the blank: “Similarly, the prochoice movement, largely directed by [blank] women, is oblivious to the role of white supremacy in restricting reproductive options for all women, and, as a result, often inadvertently colludes with it.”

Feedback: The argument reads, “Similarly, the prochoice movement, largely directed by middle-class white women, is oblivious to the role of white supremacy in restricting reproductive options for all women, and, as a result, often inadvertently colludes with it.”

Page reference: Loretta Ross, “The Color of Choice: White Supremacy and Reproductive Justice” a. women of color b. indigenous women *c. middle-class white d. wealthy politicians Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 29 29) Which statement summarizes Ross’s argument best?

Feedback: Both movements have denied women of color access to reproductive justice.

Page reference: Loretta Ross, “The Color of Choice: White Supremacy and Reproductive Justice” *a. Both antichoice and prochoice movements have historically denied women of color access to reproductive justice. b. Prochoice movements have risen above white supremacy. c. Antichoice activists believe that women of color should have access to reproductive rights. d. Indigenous women have the most access to reproductive justice.

Type: multiple choice question

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Title: Section 03 Question 30 30) What type of approach does Ross call for in the fight for reproductive justice?

Feedback: Ross calls for an intersectional approach in the fight for reproductive justice.

Page reference: Loretta Ross, “The Color of Choice: White Supremacy and Reproductive Justice” a. liberal b. conservative *c. intersectional d. bilateral Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 31 31) Which is a falsehood that “population-based approaches to climate change are steeped in”?

Choose the best answer.

Feedback: All are falsehoods according to Susskind.

Page reference: Yifat Susskind, “Population Control is Not the Answer to Our Climate Crisis” a. the world’s population is exploding b. the main threat we face is resource scarcity c. the myth that larger populations accelerate climate change *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 32 32) Fill in the blank: “That’s obvious when you remember that climate chaos is a direct consequence of industrial policy—but recognizing that truth brings you to a very different set of strategies than encouraging poor women to have fewer babies. The scapegoating of women ultimately draws attention away from the real culprits behind our climate catastrophe: [blank] and their scandalous success in supplanting government regulation with subsidies and tax loopholes. It diverts attention from the need to change an economic system that demands limitless resource exploitation and profitseeking.”

Feedback: The argument reads, “That’s obvious when you remember that climate chaos is a direct consequence of industrial policy—but recognizing that truth brings you to a very different set of strategies than encouraging poor women to have fewer babies. The scapegoating of women ultimately draws attention away from the real culprits behind our climate catastrophe: fossil fuel and energy companies, and their scandalous success in supplanting government regulation with subsidies and tax loopholes. It diverts attention from the need to change an economic system that demands limitless resource exploitation and profit-seeking.”

Page reference: Yifat Susskind, “Population Control is Not the Answer to Our Climate Crisis” a. abortion providers b. farmers c. water filtration centers *d. fossil fuel and energy companies Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 33 33) From what group does the author argue policymakers should learn from?

Feedback: The call to action is “Policymakers must seize the change to beat back the idea that population control is a solution to climate breakdown. Most importantly, they can learn from women on the frontlines of climate change worldwide, whose innovative solutions and calls for global economic justice are the real answer to climate breakdown.”

Page reference: Yifat Susskind, “Population Control is Not the Answer to Our Climate Crisis” *a. women activists b. fossil fuel and energy companies c. governments d. academics

Gendered Violence Type: multiple choice question

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Title: Section 03 Question 34 34) What specifically does Prince say is not really about individuals but is instead about “unravelling the fabric of a community” during times of war?

Feedback: The section reads, “But rape is not really about individuals, especially during times of war.

After killing those whom one intends to kill, then what is a more effective strategy for dominating a resistant people than rape? Raping a woman in front of her family and friends is extremely effective at unraveling the fabric of the community. The sense of shame born by the women and the sense of failure born by the men undermine the foundational security needed to stabilize a community. Rape is psychologically devastating, not to mention the myriad concerns to ones health and well-being. And what of the children born of rape? Who will love them and more importantly how will they love them?

What kind of love results in the aftermath of rape?”

Page reference: V. Efua Prince, “June” a. violence *b. rape c. murder d. war crimes Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 35 35) What does the author say is the most “devastating impact of war” in regards to rape as a war crime?

Feedback: The line reads, “Rape has the potential to leave its victims incapacitated and unable to raise a family—there is no more devastating impact of war.”

Page reference: V. Efua Prince, “June” a. People do not talk about it b. Families feel shame *c. Rape has the potential to leave its victims incapacitated and unable to raise a family d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 36 36) What historical event happened in 1619 that the author then interrogates throughout the text when thinking about where one is “from”?

Feedback: “In 1619 twenty Africans were off loaded at Old Point Comfort in the area which was to become Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia, about 40 miles from the British settlement at Jamestown.”

Page reference: V. Efua Prince, “June” a. indigenous people were forced from their lands in what is now called North America b. John Winthrop fled persecution c. the Rape of Nanjing *d. the first enslaved people brought from Africa landed in Old Point Comfort Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 37 37) Beth Richie argues for a reassessment of what in the context of violence against women of color?

Feedback: Richie states, “I argue for a reassessment of the responses that have been central to antiviolence work—in particular, the reliance on law enforcement as the principal provider of women’s safety. For over a decade, women of color in the antiviolence movement have warned against investing too heavily in arrest, detention, and prosecution as responses to violence against women.

Our warnings have been ignored, and the consequences have been serious: serious for the credibility of the antiviolence movement, serious for feminist organizing by women of color, and, most important, serious for women experiencing gender violence who fall outside of the mainstream.”

Page reference: Beth Richie, “A Black Feminist Reflection on the Antiviolence Movement” a. The focus on offenders, rather than victims b. The expansion of state power, especially in the lives of poor women of color *c. The reliance on law enforcement to ensure women’s safety d. The focus on victims, rather than offenders Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 38

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition 38) Fill in the blank: “As members of a social justice movement committed to ending oppression, we must reconsider the complexity of rendering justice by paying attention to specific vulnerabilities of [blank].”

Feedback: The article states, “As members of a social justice movement committed to ending oppression, we must reconsider the complexity of rendering justice by paying attention to specific vulnerabilities of race and class.”

Page reference: Beth Richie, “A Black Feminist Reflection on the Antiviolence Movement” *a. race and class b. gender and status c. white and black women d. feminists Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 39 39) Richie observes that many presentations about violence against women begin with what problematic declaration?

Feedback: The introduction reads, “In fact, many of us who do training, public speaking, teaching, and writing on violence against women traditionally begin our presentations by saying, ‘It can happen to anyone.’ This notion has become a powerful emblem of our rhetoric and, some would argue, the basis of our mainstream success. Indeed, many people in this country finally understand that they and their children, mothers, sisters, coworkers, and neighbors can be victimized by gender violence— that it really can happen to anyone.”

Page reference: Beth Richie, “A Black Feminist Reflection on the Antiviolence Movement” *a. “It can happen to anyone” b. “It’s everyone’s problem” c. “It’s every woman’s problem” d. “It has happened to someone you know” Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 40 40) Fill in the blank: “Women don’t want to be subjected to rape and perhaps qualifying as a real (white, cis, straight, middle-class) woman under the dominant rules requires being “rapeable.”

Perhaps being acknowledged as rapeable brings with it protection—the masculinist, paternalistic and controlling kind.

Yet what do we do when white heteropatriarchy deems white women perfect victims, black and brown women never victims, black and brown men always perpetrators, and white men heroic saviors? What do we do when these systems deny lesbians sexual agency by portraying them either as non-sexual in the absence of straight men or hyper-sexual in the presence of straight men? What do we do when these systems need a clear distinction between men and women and so [blank] trans, non-binary, and genderqueer folks?”

Feedback: The statement reads, “Women don’t want to be subjected to rape and perhaps qualifying as a real (white, cis, straight, middle-class) woman under the dominant rules requires being “rapeable.” Perhaps being acknowledged as rapeable brings with it protection—the masculinist, paternalistic and controlling kind.

Yet what do we do when white heteropatriarchy deems white women perfect victims, black and brown women never victims, black and brown men always perpetrators, and white men heroic saviors? What do we do when these systems deny lesbians sexual agency by portraying them either as non-sexual in the absence of straight men or hyper-sexual in the presence of straight men? What do we do when these systems need a clear distinction between men and women and so punish trans, non-binary, and genderqueer folks?”

Page reference: Courtney Bailey, “A Queer #Metoo Story: Sexual Violence, Consent, and Interdependence” a. celebrate b. confuse c. justify *d. punish Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 41

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

41) Why does Bailey state that her story will not gain as much media traction as the stories about Cosby and Weinstein?

Feedback: Page reference: Courtney Bailey, “A Queer #Metoo Story: Sexual Violence, Consent, and Interdependence” a. because what happened to her isn’t abuse *b. because her story does not fit into the heteronormative discourse of the #metoo movement c. because stories about queer relationships already get too much attention in the media d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 42 42) Why is it important to Bailey to separate consent from agency?

Feedback: The text argues that, “If we take agency as our starting point rather than consent, sexual mutuality and reciprocity do not arise from one person respecting or merging with another person.

Instead, they arise from the very grounds that make personhood possible.”

Page reference: Courtney Bailey, “A Queer #Metoo Story: Sexual Violence, Consent, and Interdependence” a. Consent is never possible because it does not exist. b. Agency does not allow space for consent. *c. If agency is primary and leads to consent, then sexual reciprocity arises from a foundation of personhood and not just one person respecting another. d. Queer relationships do not require consent or agency.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 43 43) In 2008, the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs reported that instances of homophobic and transphobic violence had increased by what percentage since their 2006 report?

Feedback: The numbers increased 26%.

Page reference: Joey L. Mogul, Andrea J. Richie, and Kay Whitlock, “False Promises: Criminal Legal Responses to Violence against LGBT People” a. 0% *b. 26% c. 62% d. 5% Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 44 44) How did the police respond to April Mora’s reported attack?

Feedback: They refused to believe that her wounds were not self-inflicted.

Page reference: Joey L. Mogul, Andrea J. Richie, and Kay Whitlock, “False Promises: Criminal Legal Responses to Violence against LGBT People” a. They immediately began an investigation to locate her attackers b. They insisted on drug-testing Mora, rather than investigating the attack *c. They refused to believe that her wounds were not self-inflicted d. They targeted Mora’s girlfriend as they key suspect Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 45 45) What term do Mogul et al. say activists prefer to use to describe the violence that queer people can experience in intimate contexts?

Feedback: They state, “many LGBT anti-violence activists use the broader term LGBT domestic violence to reflect this reality and distinguish these experiences from violence experienced at the hands of strangers or public authorities.”

Page reference: Joey L. Mogul, Andrea J. Richie, and Kay Whitlock, “False Promises: Criminal Legal Responses to Violence against LGBT People” *a. LGBT domestic violence b. Domestic violence c. Queer violence d. Same-sex violence

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 46 46) Which of the following is the belief that relies on seeing the differences between East and West as a rigid binary that privileges the West and masculinity and as such created a rationalization for the United States going to war in Iraq?

Feedback: Orientalism is this belief system.

Page reference: Isis Nusair, “Making Feminist Sense of Torture at Abu-Ghraib” a. Feminism b. Occident *c. Orientalism d. Colonization Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 47 47) How was the torture at Abu-Ghraib first exposed?

Feedback: A letter was smuggled out of the prison and was so shocking that people at first did not believe its claims.

Page reference: Isis Nusair, “Making Feminist Sense of Torture at Abu-Ghraib” *a. In a letter smuggled out of the prison b. Through reports of released prisoners c. By the release of several photographs d. Through reports of the non-participating prison guards Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 48 48) Fill in the blanks: “Photos of torture and abuse at Abu-Ghraib are evident of the violent act of unveiling, stripping, and penetration, the ultimate act of cultural and sexual domination over an [blank] Iraqi order. Male Iraqi prisoners were represented in the Abu-Ghraib photos as the opposite of what a US militarist and hypersexual soldier should be. The Iraqi prisoners were represented as helpless, obedient, and docile (read feminine) others. They were sexually dominated, degraded, and forced to simulate [blank] acts. Within this homophobic, militarized, racist, and sexist representation, US military were defining their position as well as the nature of their domination over Iraqi others.”

Feedback: The articles states, “Photos of torture and abuse at Abu-Ghraib are evident of the violent act of unveiling, stripping, and penetration, the ultimate act of cultural and sexual domination over an emasculate Iraqi order. Male Iraqi prisoners were represented in the Abu-Ghraib photos as the opposite of what a US militarist and hypersexual soldier should be. The Iraqi prisoners were represented as helpless, obedient, and docile (read feminine) others. They were sexually dominated, degraded, and forced to simulate homosexual acts. Within this homophobic, militarized, racist, and sexist representation, US military were defining their position as well as the nature of their domination over Iraqi others.”

Page reference: Isis Nusair, “Making Feminist Sense of Torture at Abu-Ghraib” a. feminized; heterosexual *b. emasculate; homosexual c. masculine; homosocial d. masculine; heterosexual

Popular Culture and Media Representation Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 49 49) Fill in the blank: “Black lesbians aren’t [blank], and that should be reflected onscreen.”

Feedback: The line reads, “Black lesbians aren’t perfect, and that should be reflected onscreen.”

Page reference: Jaelani Turner Williams, A Quick History of TVs Elusive Quest for Black Lesbians” *a. perfect b. quiet c. visible d. flawed

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 50 50) What demographics are more open to queer representation on TV? Feedback: “Millennial and Gen-Z audiences are more open to queer representation, and there’s an urgency for media to reflect the times.”

Page reference: Jaelani Turner Williams, A Quick History of TVs Elusive Quest for Black Lesbians” a. Millennial b. Gen-X c. Gen-Z *d. Both A and C Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 51 51) What does the author suggest be done to ensure more diversity on TV programs?

Feedback: “Moving ahead, television can continue the pace of diversifying the writers’ room, especially with queer Black women, to fulfill these narratives.”

Page reference: Jaelani Turner Williams, A Quick History of TVs Elusive Quest for Black Lesbians” a. get more advertisers to understand the need for diversity *b. diversify the writers’ room c. ask audiences what they want through surveys d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 52 52) Fill in the blank: Famous or not, Bi+ people don’t become less queer when we start dating someone of one gender versus another, so the idea that Cyrus had been “lost” from her community during her relationship with and marriage to Hemsworth is one I take issue with. Most Bi+ people don’t think of their identities as being split in half, so why are we asked to quantify our queerness? [blank] has always been a cold reminder that even in a space that can be as open and loving as the LGBTQ+ community, there are rules here that can be as rigid as those in hetero spheres. You have to pick a side—and if you don’t, well, you’re just not like the rest of us.

Feedback: The argument reads, “Famous or not, Bi+ people don’t become less queer when we start dating someone of one gender versus another, so the idea that Cyrus had been “lost” from her community during her relationship with and marriage to Hemsworth is one I take issue with. Most Bi+ people don’t think of their identities as being split in half, so why are we asked to quantify our queerness? Identity policing has always been a cold reminder that even in a space that can be as open and loving as the LGBTQ+ community, there are rules here that can be as rigid as those in hetero spheres. You have to pick a side—and if you don’t, well, you’re just not like the rest of us.”

Page reference: Elly Belle, “Knee-Jerk Biphobia: What Responses to Miley Cyrus’ Breakup Say about Queer Erasure” *a. Identity policing b. Questioning c. Supporting d. Interrogating Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 53 53) What work should labels within the queer community do?

Feedback: “Labels for sexual and romantic orientation in the queer community should give us freedom from the strict binaries and rules imposed on us by cisheteronormative culture, not used to gatekeep queer people.”

Page reference: Elly Belle, “Knee-Jerk Biphobia: What Responses to Miley Cyrus’ Breakup Say about Queer Erasure” a. serve as a gatekeeper for queer people *b. provide freedom from the strict binaries and rules imposed on us by cisheteronormative culture c. police cultural attitudes about the queer community d. nothing

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 54 54) What is the author’s call to action to the LGBT community specifically?

Feedback: The articles ends, “With that in mind, we have to confront our own internalized homophobia and biphobia if we truly want to be free-ass motherfuckers.”

Page reference: Elly Belle, “Knee-Jerk Biphobia: What Responses to Miley Cyrus’ Breakup Say about Queer Erasure” a. collaborate more often b. attend protest marches together c. pay less attention to social media *d. confront their own internalized homophobia and biphobia Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 55 55) According to FBI data, in 2013 girls accounted for nearly what percentage of juvenile arrests?

Feedback: The 2013 data showed girls made up one in three arrests.

Page reference: Meda Chesney-Lind, “Mean Girls, Bad Girls, or Just Girls: Corporate Media Hype and the Policing of Girlhood” a. One in six b. One in five *c. One in three d. One half Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 56 56) What shift in attitude is the author seeking?

Feedback: She writes, “Clearly, it is time to stop bashing girls in the United States and start entering the global conversation about improving their lives and futures. Our girls are not getting worse—they are getting short changed.”

Page reference: Meda Chesney-Lind, “Mean Girls, Bad Girls, or Just Girls: Corporate Media Hype and the Policing of Girlhood” a. To keep pushing for more arrests for girls as violence increases b. To exit any global conversation and focus solely on violence in the United States *c. To stop bashing girls in the United States and shift focus to a larger global conversation about improving girls’ lives d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 57 57) Fill in the blank: “In essence, black and Latina violence is positioned in ways that invite a contrast to the assumed “[blank]” of white girls.”

Feedback: The line reads, “In essence, black and Latina violence is positioned in ways that invite a contrast to the assumed “nonviolence” of white girls.”

Page reference: Meda Chesney-Lind, “Mean Girls, Bad Girls, or Just Girls: Corporate Media Hype and the Policing of Girlhood” a. activism b. crime *c. nonviolence d. innocence Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 58 58) What is homophily?

Feedback: Homophily is “people freely choosing to associate with those of similar race, ethnicity, religion, social class, gender, and sexual orientation.”

Page reference: Judith Gardiner, “Women’s Friendships, Popular Culture, and Gender Theories” a. people not being able to freely choosing to associate with those of similar race, ethnicity, religion, social class, gender, and sexual orientation. b. rules regarding friendship

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

*c. people freely choosing to associate with those of similar race, ethnicity, religion, social class, gender, and sexual orientation. d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 59 59) Fill in the blanks: “Friendship remains more important in contemporary lives than current gender theories attest. It continues to be little theorized even though friendships in fact provide significant emotional support, especially for young adults undergoing the stresses of insecure economies, more mobile relationships, and confusion around gender and sexuality. Although people of all ages enjoy and benefit from friendships, friendship is increasingly associated with youth, leisure, same-sex bonding, and experiences of consumption within shared markets of sports, travel, and shopping.

While friendships bless people with the pleasures of similarity and comradeship, I argue that a major function of the institution of friendship is that it [blank] individuals that they are performing gender appropriately and so [blank] society’s established gender norms and other social boundaries. On the other hand, contemporary friendships are indeed changing shape.”

Feedback: The argument reads, “Friendship remains more important in contemporary lives than current gender theories attest. It continues to be little theorized even though friendships in fact provide significant emotional support, especially for young adults undergoing the stresses of insecure economies, more mobile relationships, and confusion around gender and sexuality. Although people of all ages enjoy and benefit from friendships, friendship is increasingly associated with youth, leisure, same-sex bonding, and experiences of consumption within shared markets of sports, travel, and shopping. While friendships bless people with the pleasures of similarity and comradeship, I argue that a major function of the institution of friendship is that it reassures individuals that they are performing gender appropriately and so reinforces society’s established gender norms and other social boundaries. On the other hand, contemporary friendships are indeed changing shape.”

Page reference: Judith Gardiner, “Women’s Friendships, Popular Culture, and Gender Theories” *a. reassures; reinforces b. reifies; dismantles c. undoes; collapses d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 03 Question 60 60) What are things shaping contemporary friendships?

Feedback: All of these are names are shapers of contemporary friendship.

Page reference: Judith Gardiner, “Women’s Friendships, Popular Culture, and Gender Theories” a. changes in technology b. changes in the workplace c. racial, ethnic, and class differences *d. all of the above

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Section 4: Epistemologies of Bodies: Ways of Knowing and Experiencing the World Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 01 1) How does Mock define the word "mahu" that was used as a playground slur when she was young?

Feedback: The text reads, “What I later learned in my Hawaiian studies classes in college was that mahu defined a group of people who embodied the diversity of gender beyond the dictates of our Western binary system. Mahu were often assigned male at birth but took on feminine gender roles in Kanaka Maoli (indigenous Hawaiian) culture, which celebrated mahu as spiritual healers, cultural bearers and breeders, caretakers, and expert hula dancers and instructors (or Kumus in Hawaiian). In the Western understanding and evolution of mahu, it translates to being transgender in its loosest understanding: to cross social boundaries of gender and/or sex.”

Page reference: Janet Mock, from Redefining Realness a. Someone with dark skin b. Someone who isn’t a native islander *c. A feminine boy d. A masculine girl Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 02 2) Fill in the blank: To embody “[blank],” rather than performing and competing “[blank],” enables trans women to enter spaces with a lower risk of being rebutted or questioned, policed or attacked. “[blank]” is a pathway to survival, and the heaviness of these truths were a lot for a thirteen-year-old to carry, especially one still trying to figure out who she was. I was also unable to accept that I was perceived as beautiful because, to me, I was not. No matter how many people told me I was fish, I didn’t see myself that way. My eyes stung, betraying me, and immediately I felt embarrassed by my visible vulnerability.

Feedback: The quote reads, “To embody “realness,” rather than performing and competing “realness,” enables trans women to enter spaces with a lower risk of being rebutted or questioned, policed or attacked. “Realness” is a pathway to survival, and the heaviness of these truths were a lot for a thirteen-year-old to carry, especially one still trying to figure out who she was. I was also unable to accept that I was perceived as beautiful because, to me, I was not. No matter how many people told me I was fish, I didn’t see myself that way. My eyes stung, betraying me, and immediately I felt embarrassed by my visible vulnerability.”

Page reference: Janet Mock, from Redefining Realness a. inauthenticity b. transgender *c. realness d. sexuality Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 03 3) Mock states that one of the most common questions asked by local Hawaiians is "what you?" which means which of the following?

Feedback: The text reads, “’What you?’ refers to your people, whom you come from, what random mixture has made you.”

Page reference: Janet Mock, from Redefining Realness a. What gender are you? *b. What ancestry do you come from? c. Which high school did you attend? d. What is your profession?

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 04

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4) How did Agha know that the testosterone was working even though they were not seeing changes in their body?

Feedback: The section reads, “I knew starting on a lower dose of testosterone meant that the changes would occur more gradually, but without any outward signs of transition, I could only have faith that the hormones were impacting my body. Under my skin, absorbed through my thigh muscle, and transported through my body in my blood, the testosterone I had been injecting had been sending messages to other cells, directing their development and activity. One of the changes was the gradual thickening of my vocal cords. And then that day, in just a split second, I learned my cords had gotten thick enough, that when I brought them together and passed air through them, I could produce vibrations that moved a bit more slowly than they had the week before: I sang an A.” Page reference: Ari Agha, “Singing in the Cracks” a. They can lift something they had not been able to lift before *b. They sing a note they had not been able to sing before c. They don’t cry when something makes them sad d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 05 5) What is the author’s gender identity?

Feedback: The section reads, “Despite the risks and trials associated with living outside of the gender binary, the identity itself, being genderqueer, feels good and right. It fits. Discovering and embracing this identity has been revolutionary for me. I feel serene and strong and powerful and sexy and beautiful and handsome. I feel safe and vulnerable and open and real. It just feels right.”

Page reference: Ari Agha, “Singing in the Cracks” a. transgender b. male c. female *d. genderqueer Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 06 6) Fill in the blank: “From this vantage point, I can see and hear everyone; to my right are all of the sopranos and altos and to my left are all of the tenors and basses. The conductor is right in front of me. While my voice doesn’t fit neatly with the singers on either my right or my left, it allows me to [blank] between them.”

Feedback: The conclusion reads, “From this vantage point, I can see and hear everyone; to my right are all of the sopranos and altos and to my left are all of the tenors and basses. The conductor is right in front of me. While my voice doesn’t fit neatly with the singers on either my right or my left, it allows me to float between them.”

Page reference: Ari Agha, “Singing in the Cracks” a. solidify b. be sad *c. float d. he happy Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 07 7) Fill in the blanks: In keeping with the Johns Hopkins model, the birth of an intersex infant today is deemed a “psychosocial emergency” that propels a multidisciplinary team of intersex specialists into action. Significantly, they are surgeons and endocrinologists rather than psychologists, bioethicists, representatives from inter- sex peer support organizations, or parents of intersex children. The team examines the infant and chooses either male or female as a “[blank],” then informs the parents that this is the child’s “[blank].” Medical technology, including surgery and hormones, is then used to make the child’s body conform as closely as possible to that sex.

Feedback: The definition reads, “In keeping with the Johns Hopkins model, the birth of an intersex infant today is deemed a “psychosocial emergency” that propels a multidisciplinary team of intersex specialists into action. Significantly, they are surgeons and endocrinologists rather than psychologists, bioethicists, representatives from inter- sex peer support organizations, or parents of intersex children. The team examines the infant and chooses either male or female as a “sex of assignment,”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition then informs the parents that this is the child’s “true sex.” Medical technology, including surgery and hormones, is then used to make the child’s body conform as closely as possible to that sex.”

Page reference: Cheryl Chase, “Hermaphrodites with Attitude: Mapping the Emergence of Intersex Political Activism” *a. sex of assignment; true sex b. biology; gender c. assigned sex; affirmed gender d. affirmed gender; assigned sex Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 08 8) Which statement is true?

Feedback: The articles explains, “The tragic irony is that, while intersexual anatomy occasionally indicates an underlying medical problem such as adrenal malfunction, ambiguous genitals are in and of themselves neither painful nor harmful to health.”

Page reference: Cheryl Chase, “Hermaphrodites with Attitude: Mapping the Emergence of Intersex Political Activism” a. intersexual anatomy always indicates an underlying medical problem b. ambiguous genitals are in and of themselves are both painful nor harmful to health *c. ambiguous genitals are in and of themselves neither painful nor harmful to health d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 09 9) What did exploring the cultural politics of intersexuality represent to the author? A new configuration of what?

Feedback: The section reads, “[they explored] cultural politics of intersexuality, which to me represented yet another new configuration of bodies, identities, desires, and sexualities from which to confront the violently normativizing aspects of the dominant sex/gender system.”

Page reference: Cheryl Chase, “Hermaphrodites with Attitude: Mapping the Emergence of Intersex Political Activism” a. bodies b. desires c. sexualities *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 10 10) Fill in the blank of the article’s argument: “Precisely because Asian men are [blank] in Western minds, the Western mind is unable to see anything other than a female when gazing at a male "Oriental" body.”

Feedback: The argument reads, “Precisely because Asian men are feminized in Western minds, the Western mind is unable to see anything other than a female when gazing at a male "Oriental" body.”

Page reference: Chong-Suk Han, “Being an Oriental, I Could Never Be Completely a Man: Gay Asian Men and the Intersection of Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Class.” a. gendered b. masculinized *c. feminized d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 11 11) What effect might the imbalance found in gay Asian and white relationships have on gay Asian men?

Feedback: The article states, “Given both the social and economic dominance of white men over their Asian partners, coupled with the age difference of partners, Poon hypothesizes that gay Asian men may also be more vulnerable to domestic violence than white men. While no empirical studies regarding gay Asian men and domestic violence exists, Poon argues that the power imbalance found in gay Asian and white relationships puts gay Asian men at a marked disadvantage while also

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

creating a situation, such as low-self esteem, social isolation, and dependence on the part of the Asian partner and a sense of self-importance and a perception that their behavior will not have negative consequences, where the white partner might be more likely to become batterers. (2000)” Page reference: Chong-Suk Han, “Being an Oriental, I Could Never Be Completely a Man: Gay Asian Men and the Intersection of Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Class.” a. low self-esteem b. social isolation c. potential to be victims of intimate partner violence *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 12 12) What is the author’s call to action to mediate the issues discussed in the article?

Feedback: The article ends, “However, it is possible that a strong ethnic identity, a stronger sense of ethnic pride, can work to balance the negative racial stereotypes found in the gay community. As such, we need to examine all facets of gay Asian male experiences if we are to arrive at a true understanding of the various social factors that influence their identity formation and their sexual behaviors.”

Page reference: Chong-Suk Han, “Being an Oriental, I Could Never Be Completely a Man: Gay Asian Men and the Intersection of Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Class.” a. ignore the problem b. try to change white gay men *c. examine all facets of gay Asian male experience d. involve police action Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 13 13) Which two aspects of her identity does Hill say people like to keep separate, “pretending they don’t dance in the dark?”

Feedback: The essay is about people’s desire to not acknowledge sexuality and race together, denying Hill’s full identity.

Page reference: Dominique C. Hill, “(My) Lesbianism Is Not a Fixed Point” a. Sex and gender b. Gender and sexuality c. Gender and race *d. Sexuality and race Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 14 14) Fill in the blanks: “Proving (although unintentionally) two points to myself: (1) My sexual identity and its expression is [blank] and not [blank]; it can, and therefore should be, disruptive; and (2) I am a lesbian.”

Feedback: The line reads, “Proving (although unintentionally) two points to myself: (1) My sexual identity and its expression is fluid and not fixed; it can, and therefore should be, disruptive; and (2) I am a lesbian.”

Page reference: Dominique C. Hill, “(My) Lesbianism Is Not a Fixed Point” a. private; public b. public; private c. fixed; fluid *d. fluid; fixed Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 15 15) Why does Hill say that “some call me confused”?

Feedback: The line reads (and the point of the essay is), “Some call me confused because I refuse labels When I wake up my mind has already been in” Page reference: Dominique C. Hill, “(My) Lesbianism Is Not a Fixed Point” a. She is a lesbian b. She is bisexual

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*c. She refuses labels d. She wears masculine clothing Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 16 16) Fill in the blank: “Gender, which is a state of mind and embodied attitude, is a site of volatile power, pleasure, and subtle coercion, often used to [blank] our thoughts and bodily affects. Normative gender is certainly wielded as a weapon by children anxious to shore up their own selfhood by challenging someone else's. Consider your memory and you’ll find that this is true.”

Feedback: The essence of the narrative’s purpose is stated as such: “Gender, which is a state of mind and embodied attitude, is a site of volatile power, pleasure, and subtle coercion, often used to discipline our thoughts and bodily affects. Normative gender is certainly wielded as a weapon by children anxious to shore up their own selfhood by challenging someone else's. Consider your memory and you’ll find that this is true.”

Page reference: Christina Crosby, “Masculine, Feminine, or Fourth of July” *a. discipline b. free c. celebrate d. epitomize Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 17 17) What is ironic about the fact that the wheelchair is gendered?

Feedback: The author quips, “I have no gender, but the chair does. It’s masculine.”

Page reference: Christina Crosby, “Masculine, Feminine, or Fourth of July” a. The author is also masculine b. The author is also feminine *c. The author has no gender d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 18 18) Why is the essay titled this way?

Feedback: Because when they called to order ice cream, the icing toppings were gendered into masculine and feminine or red, white, and blue for Fourth of July.

Page reference: Christina Crosby, “Masculine, Feminine, or Fourth of July” *a. When they called to order ice cream, the icing toppings were gendered into masculine and feminine or red, white, and blue for Fourth of July. b. The family loved that holiday so much that they got a dog. c. The author came out on the Fourth of July. d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 19 19) Fill in the blank: “Even now as an adult I find people are constantly trying to restrict me into a specific [blank]. My home language is Spanish so this must mean I eat tacos. I have kinky hair so this must mean I bang to Meek Mill. For many, I am too black to be Latin and too Latin to be black.”

Feedback: The line reads, “Even now as an adult I find people are constantly trying to restrict me into a specific mold and identity. My home language is Spanish so this must mean I eat tacos. I have kinky hair so this must mean I bang to Meek Mill. For many, I am too black to be Latin and too Latin to be black.”

Page reference: Aleichia Williams, “Too Latina To Be Black, Too Black To Be Latina” a. race and religion *b. mold and identity c. ethnicity and sexuality d. gender and race Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 20

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition 20) What prompted Williams’s first "race crisis"?

Feedback: The story reads, “Then one girl snickered to another in Spanish “Why is she sitting here? I don’t want her to sit here.” Her friend, who had been in my previous class and had heard my class introduction, blushed and replied to her friend in English ‘She speaks Spanish.’”

Page reference: Aleichia Williams, “Too Latina To Be Black, Too Black To Be Latina” a. Violence between African American and Hispanic gangs at her school b. Moving to a school where students tended to segregate themselves by race *c. A classmate assuming, because of her skin color, that she couldn’t speak Spanish d. Being called “the most Mexican black girl I’ve ever met!”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 21 21) Which of the following terms does Williams NOT use when explaining her identity even though others around her try to ascribe to her?

Feedback: She never uses “African American” when defining herself.

Page reference: Aleichia Williams, “Too Latina To Be Black, Too Black To Be Latina” a. Latina *b. African American c. Black d. Human Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 22 22) Fill in the blank: “If feminist thought and activism is to be genuinely inclusive, it must be committed to making space for asexual identities and non-sexual ways of being-in-the world. We need to remember that at its core, sexual justice includes a commitment to sexual [blank], which includes both the right and ability to choose sex and the right and ability to refuse sex. We must also recognize that all expectations about sexuality, whether it is expectations that one is not or should not be sexual or expectations that one is or should be sexual, can be equally limiting and oppressive. These expectations are regulatory for all people, whether they identify as sexual, asexual, or something else.”

Feedback: The call to action reads, “If feminist thought and activism is to be genuinely inclusive, it must be committed to making space for asexual identities and non-sexual ways of being-in-the world.

We need to remember that at its core, sexual justice includes a commitment to sexual autonomy, which includes both the right and ability to choose sex and the right and ability to refuse sex. We must also recognize that all expectations about sexuality, whether it is expectations that one is not or should not be sexual or expectations that one is or should be sexual, can be equally limiting and oppressive. These expectations are regulatory for all people, whether they identify as sexual, asexual, or something else.”

Page reference: Kristina Gupta, “Feminist Approaches to Asexuality” a. repression b. expression *c. autonomy d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 23 23) What is the system of social control that privileges sexuality over asexuality and nonsexuality?

Feedback: The essay reads, “As a result of their engagement with contemporary asexual formations, activists and scholars in the field of asexuality studies have identified compulsory sexuality as a system of social control different from compulsory heterosexuality. While compulsory heterosexuality privileges heterosexuality over other forms of sexuality, compulsory sexuality privileges sexuality over asexuality and nonsexuality.”

Page reference: Kristina Gupta, “Feminist Approaches to Asexuality” a. compulsory heterosexuality *b. compulsory sexuality c. homosexuality d. none of the above

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 24 24) What is the author’s call to action?

Feedback: The call to action reads, “Rather, we can learn from other progressive movements. For example, trans scholars and activists who have identified our current gender order as a system of oppression have generally not called for a “degendering” of society but have instead called for an end to practices, institutions, and norms that privilege some ways of doing gender and marginalize others.

They have also called for a proliferation of representations of gender categories in the expectation that such a proliferation will reduce pressure on all people to conform to specific ways of doing gender. Based on this model, I have argued that we should respond to compulsory sexuality by “challenging the unearned privileges that accrue to sexual people and sexual relationships and by eliminating discrimination against nonsexual people and nonsexual relationships...Simultaneously, we can work to proliferate representations of nonsexuality and asexuality” (Gupta, “Compulsory Sexuality: Evaluating an Emerging Concept” 148). It is my belief that such a vision will create a better world for both asexual and sexual individuals.”

Page reference: Kristina Gupta, “Feminist Approaches to Asexuality” a. end practices, institutions, and norms that privilege some ways of doing gender and marginalize others b. create a proliferation of representations of gender categories in the expectation that such a proliferation will reduce pressure on all people to conform to specific ways of doing gender c. reject ideas of a compulsory sexuality *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 25 25) Which of the following is NOT something Steinem posits would occur if men could menstruate?

Feedback: The point of the article is that menstruation would no longer be stigmatized if men could menstruate.

Page reference: Gloria Steinem, “If Men Could Menstruate” a. Sanitary supplies would be federally funded b. Sanitary supplies would be free *c. Menstruation would be stigmatized d. Men would brag about their menstruation Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 26 26) Fill in the blank: “In short, the characteristics of the powerful, whatever they may be, are thought to be better than the characteristics of the powerless—and [blank] has nothing to do with it.”

Feedback: The line reads, “In short, the characteristics of the powerful, whatever they may be, are thought to be better than the characteristics of the powerless—and logic has nothing to do with it.”

Page reference: Gloria Steinem, “If Men Could Menstruate” a. blood b. gender c. race *d. logic Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 27 27) In this reading, Steinem critiques which Freudian idea?

Feedback: The articles reads, “Male human beings have built whole cultures around the idea that penis-envy is “natural” to women—though having such an unprotected organ might be said to make men vulnerable, and the power to give birth makes womb-envy at least as logical.”

Page reference: Gloria Steinem, “If Men Could Menstruate” a. The Oedipus complex b. The Electra complex *c. Penis-envy d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Title: Section 04 Question 28 28) What line is repeated to create tension and urgency in the poem that takes place during an intimate sexual encounter?

Feedback: We gotta stop is repeated.

Page reference: No'u Revilla, “How to Use a Condom” a. I said yes *b. We gotta stop c. We could get pregnant d. I love you Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 29 29) Which of the following statements does Revilla make in “How to Use a Condom”?

Feedback: The lines read, Reproduction is not the problem./ Reproduction is the problem.”

Page reference: No'u Revilla, “How to Use a Condom” a. Reproduction is the problem b. Reproduction is not the problem *c. Both d. Neither Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 30 30) Which is NOT included in the “Pleasure Pack variety” description in the poem?

Feedback: Lubrication is not mentioned.

Page reference: No'u Revilla, “How to Use a Condom” a. Her Pleasure b. Shared Pleasure c. Deep Impact *d. Ultra Lubricated Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 31 31) Which statement is true according to the article Feedback: The introduction reads, “My analysis aims to show: 1) that Islamic feminism needs to embrace an intersectional standpoint in order to provide an inclusive space for the diverse experiences of Muslim women around the world; 2) that despite common homogenizing depictions of the ‘West’ versus ‘Islam’, there are segments of Muslim women who suffer from forms of intra-Muslim violence; and 3) that expressions of agency and aspirations for liberation are as diverse as the contexts that Muslim women find themselves in.”

Page reference: Lailatul Fitriyah, “Can We Stop Talking About the ‘Hijab’?: Islamic Feminism, Intersectionality, and the Indonesian Muslim Female Migrant Workers” a. Islamic feminism needs to embrace an intersectional standpoint in order to provide an inclusive space for the diverse experiences of Muslim women around the world b. despite common homogenizing depictions of the ‘West’ versus ‘Islam’, there are segments of Muslim women who suffer from forms of intra-Muslim violence c. expressions of agency and aspirations for liberation are as diverse as the contexts that Muslim women find themselves in *d. all of the above statements are true according to the article Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 32 32) Fill in the blanks: “Religious activities such as praying together, learning how to read Qur’an, and singing religious songs allow these workers to feel empowered and to express their religious subjectivities. Many of the women that I encountered would wear their best clothes, colorful abayas and sparkly hijabs to attend their religious activities every Sunday. Rather than representing a system of oppression, religious piety allowed these women to express their individuality amidst the commodification process that attempts to flatten their identities into a homogenous group of laborers.

In other words, by deeply engaging in [blank] life over the weekend, these women build a counternarrative against the [blank] narrative that is dehumanizing them.”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: The passage reads, “Religious activities such as praying together, learning how to read Qur’an, and singing religious songs allow these workers to feel empowered and to express their religious subjectivities. Many of the women that I encountered would wear their best clothes, colorful abayas and sparkly hijabs to attend their religious activities every Sunday. Rather than representing a system of oppression, religious piety allowed these women to express their individuality amidst the commodification process that attempts to flatten their identities into a homogenous group of laborers.

In other words, by deeply engaging in religious life over the weekend, these women build a counternarrative against the capitalist narrative that is dehumanizing them”.

Page reference: Lailatul Fitriyah, “Can We Stop Talking About the ‘Hijab’?: Islamic Feminism, Intersectionality, and the Indonesian Muslim Female Migrant Workers” *a. religious; capitalist b. married; oppressive c. ethical; religious d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 33 33) What is not an element of the author’s call to action?

Feedback: The conclusion reads, “Furthermore, the primary focus of Islamic studies that have been disproportionately dedicated to the thoughts and movements of the Arab world (Chaudhry, 5-6) is another factor that allows for the lack of attention on intersectional oppressions suffered by Indonesian Muslim FMWs. It does not matter that the world’s largest Muslim population are Southeast Asian people, the fact that Southeast Asian Muslim women are not ‘Arabs’ has already invalidated their experiences. Thus, it is important to ask the question ‘who is not included in our conversation?’ A commitment to include diverse Muslim women experiences has to be an epistemological one that pays attention to their intersectional vulnerabilities.”

Page reference: Lailatul Fitriyah, “Can We Stop Talking About the ‘Hijab’?: Islamic Feminism, Intersectionality, and the Indonesian Muslim Female Migrant Workers” a. question who is being excluded from Islamic studies *b. ignoring South Asian Muslims in conversations about liberation c. acknowledge the intersectional vulnerabilities of Muslim women d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 34 34) Fill in the blank: There is no one race or ethnic group in particular that can occupy an authentic cosmopolitan white location because there has never been a “real” whiteness to begin with: whiteness is a [blank] quality, neither real nor unreal.

Feedback: The line reads, “There is no one race or ethnic group in particular that can occupy an authentic cosmopolitan white location because there has never been a “real” whiteness to begin with: whiteness is a virtual quality, neither real nor unreal.”

Page reference: L. Ayu Saraswati, “Cosmopolitan Whiteness: The Effects and Affects of Skin Whitening Advertisements in Transnational Indonesia” a. white b. racial c. manufactured *d. virtual Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 35 35) What does the Ramayana provide evidence for?

Feedback: The articles explains, “This evidence suggests that: 1) preference for light-skinned women in Indonesia predates European colonialism…”

Page reference: L. Ayu Saraswati, “Cosmopolitan Whiteness: The Effects and Affects of Skin Whitening Advertisements in Transnational Indonesia” *a. The idea that a preference for light-skinned women predated the arrival of Europeans b. That the preference for lighter skin arrived with Europeans c. That light skin was a less important beauty standard at the time than a moon-shaped face d. That ideas about ideal skin color were introduced to India from Indonesia

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 36 36) In ads for skin whitening products, the products are portrayed as a necessary ingredient for what?

Feedback: The essay states, “In these whitening ads, happiness is offered via the route of whitening practices.”

Page reference: L. Ayu Saraswati, “Cosmopolitan Whiteness: The Effects and Affects of Skin Whitening Advertisements in Transnational Indonesia” a. Caucasian whiteness *b. Happiness c. Marriage d. Success Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 37 37) What causes Ifemelu’s hair to begin falling out?

Feedback: The passage reads, “And then her hair began to fall out at the temples. She drenched it in rich, creamy conditioners, and sat under steamers until water droplets ran down her neck. Still, her hairline shifted further backwards each day.

“It’s the chemicals,” Wambui told her. Do you know what’s in a relaxer? That stuff can kill you. You need to cut your hair and go natural.””

Page reference: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, from Americanah a. Autoimmune disorder b. Cancer treatment *c. Hair relaxer d. Toxins at her job Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 38 38) Where does Ifemelu find a supportive and encouraging community?

Feedback: She finds support in virtual spaces online.

Page reference: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, from Americanah a. At work b. At church c. At the farmer’s market *d. Online Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 39 39) Which of the following reasons do Ifemelu’s co-workers think motivated her to cut her hair?

Feedback: They ask her if she is a making a political statement and assume she is a lesbian.

Page reference: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, from Americanah a. She is making a political statement b. She is a lesbian *c. Both d. They do not notice that she cut her hair Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 40 40) What does Dark say equates status in America?

Feedback: She writes, “And “hot body” in America definitely equates status.”

Page reference: Kimberly Dark, “Big Yoga Student” *a. “hot body” b. “fitness” c. “masculinity” d. “femininity” Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 41

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

41) What does Dark have in common with the woman who is checking her out at the beginning of the reading?

Feedback: “The woman who stared and smiled? She’s fit and fat, too. And if she hadn’t been so openly interested in looking at my body, I’d have been sneaking peeks at hers, catching glimpses of how her thighs appear in those stretch pants and how her belly or arm fat protrudes from her spandex tank top.”

Page reference: Kimberly Dark, “Big Yoga Student” a. The have the same recycled yak fur yoga mat b. They have the same hairstyle c. They are both women of color *d. They are both fit and fat women Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 42 42) Fill in the blank: “The bad news—and the good news— is that living a good life is more about acceptance than it is about [blank]. Sure, change is possible, but it’s not always the change you were taught to believe you should want.”

Feedback: The line reads, “The bad news—and the good news— is that living a good life is more about acceptance than it is about attainment. Sure, change is possible, but it’s not always the change you were taught to believe you should want.”

Page reference: Kimberly Dark, “Big Yoga Student” *a. attainment b. health c. thinness d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 43 43) What is used as resistance to controlling images by Latino men when they are younger and without much social power?

Feedback: The article states, “Latino men respond to controlling images principally with emotion in their younger years until they achieve greater social power with age and then resist through leadership in their public-service professions.”

Page reference: Jessica Vasquez-Tokos & Kathryn Norton-Smith, “Resisting Racism: Latinos’ Changing Responses to Controlling Images over the Life Course” a. education *b. emotion c. leadership d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 44 44) What does resistance against controlling images look like in adult Latino men?

Feedback: The study shows, “Among adult respondents, most of whom were professionals, resistance materialized as leadership in and “giving back” to their community. “ Page reference: Jessica Vasquez-Tokos & Kathryn Norton-Smith, “Resisting Racism: Latinos’ Changing Responses to Controlling Images over the Life Course” *a. leadership in the community b. going back to college c. making one’s body stronger d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 45 45) Fill in the blank: “Controlling images (and the institutions and people that communicate them) are a mechanism to control [blank] groups. Controlling images constrain: they divert education, impose suspicion of illegality, block upward mobility, and cause stress. Controlling images are intersectional, specific imagery applying to different groups based on axes of difference such as race, gender, sexuality, and skin color.”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: The definition reads, “Controlling images (and the institutions and people that communicate them) are a mechanism to control underprivileged groups. Controlling images constrain: they divert education, impose suspicion of illegality, block upward mobility, and cause stress.

Controlling images are intersectional, specific imagery applying to different groups based on axes of difference such as race, gender, sexuality, and skin color.”

Page reference: Jessica Vasquez-Tokos & Kathryn Norton-Smith, “Resisting Racism: Latinos’ Changing Responses to Controlling Images over the Life Course” a. empowered b. powerful *c. underprivileged d. angry Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 46 46) What does the poem imagine as the best way to draw the woman’s body to begin a new way of looking at women in general?

Feedback: The lines read, “And perhaps, if you were to actually draw her body as a revolution--a fist, a foot, a hot sick mouth what could we be then?”

Page reference: Joanna Gordon, “Sketches a. draw her not as she is but a different, better version that is thinner b. draw her as a child *c. draw her as a revolution d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 47 47) In what way does the poem ask the “you” to draw a woman?

Feedback: The poem focuses on asking the you to draw the woman as three-dimensional and voluptuous.

Page reference: Joanna Gordon, “Sketches a. As one-dimensional and flat *b. As three-dimensional and voluptuous c. As someone who hates her body d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 48 48) What are the ways to depict women radically?

Feedback: The lines read, “draw her radically still, draw her radically lonely and radically whole and radically enough” Page reference: Joanna Gordon, “Sketches a. lonely b. whole c. enough *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 49 49) What is interesting about the way this poem presents the story?

Feedback: None of the words is capitalized.

Page reference: Christina Lux, “10,000 Blows” a. it has no punctuation b. it is not in English c. it is all one line *d. no words are capitalized Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 50 50) What did the narrator do at the age of 12?

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Feedback: The narrator stops the beating.

Page reference: Christina Lux, “10,000 Blows” a. ran away *b. stopped the beating c. called the police d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 04 Question 51 51) What does the narrator worry about at the end of the poem?

Feedback: The poem ends with the worry that no one will stop the beatings: “who will stand here now,/ hand gripping my hand,/ to block 10,000 blows?”

Page reference: Christina Lux, “10,000 Blows” a. That the man will leave *b. That no one will stop the beatings once she is gone c. That the police will come and take the children away d. None of the above

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Section 5: Science, Technology, and the Digital World Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 01 1) For every baby a woman produces, eggs are “wasted.” For every baby a man produces, sperm are wasted.

Feedback: A major point of the article is to reframe women’s reproduction systems as efficient and less wasteful than men’s because the ratio is 200 eggs in a lifetime to 1012(one trillion) sperm.

Page reference: Emily Martin, “The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male–Female Roles” a. 10,000 ; 1,000,000 b. 10 ; 20,000 *c. 200 ; 1012(one trillion) d. 10,000 ; 1012(one trillion) Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 02 2) The female analogy to spermatogenesis is .

Feedback: The article explains, “One could argue that menstruation and spermatogenesis are not analogous processes and, therefore, should not be expected to elicit the same kind of response. The proper female analogy to spermatogenesis, biologically, is ovulation. Yet ovulation does not merit enthusiasm in these texts either…”

Page reference: Emily Martin, “The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male–Female Roles” a. menstruation b. childbirth *c. ovulation d. lactation Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 03 3) What model does Martin propose as offering a better model for discussing human reproduction that works against more traditional and male-centric, traditional models?

Feedback: The article reads, “The cybernetic model—with its feedback loops, flexible adaptation to change, coordination of the parts within a whole, evolution over time, and changing response to the environment—is common in genetics, endocrinology, and ecology and has a growing influence in medicine in general. This model has the potential to shift our imagery from the negative, in which the female reproductive system is castigated both for not producing eggs after birth and for producing (and thus wasting) too many eggs overall, to something more positive.”

Page reference: Emily Martin, “The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male–Female Roles” a. Ecological model *b. Cybernetic model c. Evolutionary model d. Environmental model Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 04 4) What are hardships the doctors face due to their ethnicity according to the article?

Feedback: The study found that Latina/x doctors dealt with several issues, specifically finding that their cultural competency lead to extra work and that their knowledge was often undermined, Page reference: Glenda M. Flores, “Latina/x Doctoras [Doctors]: Brown Women Negotiating Knowledge Production in Science” a. lower pay b. others undermining their knowledge c. having to do extra work because of their cultural competence

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*d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 05 5) Fill in the blank: “As the college-educated daughters of marginalized families, I posit that Latina physicians are ‘[blank]’ who are now in a position to challenge how knowledge is produced in medicine, but they are also repeatedly undermined by various actors in their jobs.”

Feedback: The conclusion reads, “As the college-educated daughters of marginalized families, I posit that Latina physicians are ‘outsiders within’ who are now in a position to challenge how knowledge is produced in medicine, but they are also repeatedly undermined by various actors in their jobs.”

Page reference: Glenda M. Flores, “Latina/x Doctoras [Doctors]: Brown Women Negotiating Knowledge Production in Science” a. professional *b. outsiders within c. marginalized d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 06 6) The majority of the doctors studied were of what origin?

Feedback: Of the 20 Latina physicians included in the study; the overwhelming majority of them (15 of 20) were of Mexican origin, the largest Latinx subgroup in the U.S. Two physicians identified as Central American, and three were South American (Colombian or Peruvian).

Page reference: Glenda M. Flores, “Latina/x Doctoras [Doctors]: Brown Women Negotiating Knowledge Production in Science” *a. Mexican b. Central American c. South American d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 07 7) Which applies to the definition of eugenics?

Feedback: Page reference: Liam Lair, “Navigating Transness in the U.S.: Understanding the Legacies of Eugenics” a. all bodies are abled bodies *b. the only way to achieve a healthy society was by controlling who reproduced c. women have the right to choose d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 08 8) Fill in the blank: More importantly, these arguments are ultimately rooted in eugenic thinking, one that grounds the “causation” of our deviation from the norm in our bodies. Arguing that our biology “causes” our differences reflects arguments eugenicists provided to justify their racist and ableist approach to medicine and to their supposed “cures” for our “deviance.” It offers a narrative whereby gender non-conformity can be understood as an anatomical pathology or a psychiatric disorder (both rooted in biology), and ultimately reinforces who and what subject positions are [blank]. It is these biological explanations that continue to pathologize not only gender transgressors, but also people of color and people with disabilities, particularly in practices of sterilization. When we rely on biology and genetics to legitimize trans existence—rather than challenging normative and coercive gender expectations more broadly—we fail to distance ourselves from the dangerous rhetoric of degeneracy.

Feedback: The paragraph reads, “More importantly, these arguments are ultimately rooted in eugenic thinking, one that grounds the “causation” of our deviation from the norm in our bodies. Arguing that our biology “causes” our differences reflects arguments eugenicists provided to justify their racist and ableist approach to medicine and to their supposed “cures” for our “deviance.” It offers a narrative whereby gender non-conformity can be understood as an anatomical pathology or a psychiatric disorder (both rooted in biology), and ultimately reinforces who and what subject positions are legitimate and “normal.” It is these biological explanations that continue to pathologize not only gender

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transgressors, but also people of color and people with disabilities, particularly in practices of sterilization. When we rely on biology and genetics to legitimize trans existence—rather than challenging normative and coercive gender expectations more broadly—we fail to distance ourselves from the dangerous rhetoric of degeneracy.”

Page reference: Liam Lair, “Navigating Transness in the U.S.: Understanding the Legacies of Eugenics” *a. legitimate and “normal” b. reductive and oppressive c. intersectional and marginalized d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 09 9) Why is it important to study the history of eugenics according to the aticle?

Feedback: The conclusion reads, “Knowing our history is important because it provides clearer directions for how we might create more livable futures in the face of oppression.”

Page reference: Liam Lair, “Navigating Transness in the U.S.: Understanding the Legacies of Eugenics” a. it provides a blueprint for the type of science society should replicate b. it shows that differences are a biological hazard *c. it provides clearer directions for how we might create more livable futures in the face of oppression. d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 10 10) What is CRISPR? Feedback: CRISPR is a “gene-targeting and -editing system.”

Page reference: Clare Jen, “Oppositional Scientific Praxis: The “Do” and “Doing” of #CRISPRbabies and DIY Hormone Biohacking” a. a way to extract hormones b. a do-it-yourself program for losing weight *c. A gene-targeting and -editing system d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 11 11) What is biohacking in regards to the practice of hormone extraction?

Feedback: The author explains, “They “biohack.” They work to devise and openly distribute at-home protocols—techniques accessible to non-professional scientists—for extracting hormones from sources they could ultimately distribute like tobacco plants and by using accessible materials like cigarette filters.”

Page reference: Clare Jen, “Oppositional Scientific Praxis: The “Do” and “Doing” of #CRISPRbabies and DIY Hormone Biohacking” a. biohackers devise and openly distribute clinical protocols—techniques accessible only to professional scientists b. biohackers devise and openly distribute hospital protocols—techniques accessible to professional scientists *c. biohackers devise and openly distribute at-home protocols—techniques accessible to nonprofessional scientists d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 12 12) Fill in the blank to the author’s call to action: “[blank] praxis is the pivot around which method and methodology can relationally bring the lab to the people and the people to the lab, to paraphrase Hammond, and to move towards visions and potential realizations of scientific equity and health justice.”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: The conclusion reads, “Oppositional scientific praxis is the pivot around which method and methodology can relationally bring the lab to the people and the people to the lab, to paraphrase Hammond, and to move towards visions and potential realizations of scientific equity and health justice.”

Page reference: Clare Jen, “Oppositional Scientific Praxis: The “Do” and “Doing” of #CRISPRbabies and DIY Hormone Biohacking” a. Clinical scientific *b. Oppositional scientific c. Correct scientific d. Peer-reviewed scientific Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 13 13) What led to the identification of office work-related injuries such as repetitive strain injury?

Feedback: The article states, “The pain experienced by relatively powerless migrant women factory workers was only recognised when middle-class, more politically powerful, women began to use the new computer technology and experience for themselves the pain caused by rapid, repetitive movement.”

Page reference: Wendy Seymour, “Putting Myself in the Picture: Researching Disability and Technology” a. Doctors’ concerns with the increase in patient visits *b. Middle-class use of technologies previously used by low-paid women workers whose injuries were ignored c. Organizing on the part of office workers d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 14 14) Fill in the blank: “Technology is not [blank]; it is not simply a functional aid. Technology is highly political; it is gendered and intrusive. While seemingly pragmatic and solution driven, technology is capable of reproducing the problems associated with medicine in the past. It may not only be body denying but also threaten the embodied self.”

Feedback: The statement reads, “Technology is not neutral; it is not simply a functional aid.

Technology is highly political; it is gendered and intrusive. While seemingly pragmatic and solution driven, technology is capable of reproducing the problems associated with medicine in the past. It may not only be body denying but also threaten the embodied self.”

Page reference: Wendy Seymour, “Putting Myself in the Picture: Researching Disability and Technology” a. oppressive *b. neutral c. intersectional d. helpful Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 15 15) What is the risk of substituting technology for lost body function?

Feedback: The articles argues, “In terms of disability, technology can be seen to reproduce some of the characteristics of medicine. While it seems highly desirable to substitute technology for lost function, this seductive solution is underpinned by a mechanistic view of the body, long associated with the “medical model” (Freund & McGuire 1991, pp. 203–29; Petersen 1994, pp. 20–1; Seymour 1989, chapter 4; White 1996, pp. 38–9). In this perspective, the body is viewed in terms of a machine, parts of which may malfunction or wear out. Identification of the problem and isolation of the part prepares the way for remedial intervention. Just as the plumber turns off the water at the meter to work on the kitchen tap, the doctor also assumes that work on a part of the body will have no more than temporary impact on the body as a whole. As the medical model reduced the body to a machine, so too may the technology—machine model compromise and reduce the body.”

Page reference: Wendy Seymour, “Putting Myself in the Picture: Researching Disability and Technology” a. It leads to loss of employment for office workers

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition *b. It doesn’t interrogate the mechanistic view of the body c. It keeps the focus on personal failure or ineptitude d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 16 16) Why does Indian agriculture have a global significance?

Feedback: Page reference: Vandana Shiva “The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply” a. 75% of the Indian population derives its livelihood from agriculture b. Every fourth farmer in the world is an Indian *c. Both d. Neither Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 17 17) Fill in the blank: “Since the World Bank is advising all countries to shift from blank] policies, these countries all compete with each other, and the prices of these luxury commodities collapse. Trade liberalization and economic reform also include devaluation of currencies. Thus, exports earn less, and imports cost more.”

Feedback: The paragraph reads, “Since the World Bank is advising all countries to shift from ‘food first’ to ‘export first’ policies, these countries all compete with each other, and the prices of these luxury commodities collapse. Trade liberalization and economic reform also include devaluation of currencies. Thus, exports earn less, and imports cost more.”

Page reference: Vandana Shiva “The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply” *a. ‘food first’ to ‘export first’ b. ‘export first’ to ‘food first’ c. ‘capitalist’ to ‘democratic’ d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 18 18) How does Shiva argue food totalitarianism can be stopped?

Feedback: Shiva concluded with a call for a major mobilization for democratization of the food system.

Page reference: Vandana Shiva “The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply” a. More production of exports *b. More mobilization for democratization of the food system c. More intervention by the World Bank d. More corporate farming Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 19 19) Why is Uber inherently restrictive in who can access and use it as employment and/or transportation?

Feedback: The paragraph reads, “Beyond such limitations, it is important to remember that Uber’s operational platform is inherently restrictive in that it requires both riders and drivers to have a cellphone. To pay, an Uber rider must also have a credit or debit card. These basic requirements make it impossible for large numbers of (typically lower-income) people who have neither to access Uber’s transportation services. Owning a cellphone and a credit card requires an individual to have access to both a form of state-approved identification and financial collateral in the form of a job or savings.”

Page reference: Naciza Maskini and Bipasha Baruah, “Gender Equity in the ‘Sharing’ Economy: Possibilities and Limitations” a. One must own a cell phone b. One must own a credit card c. One must have state-approved identification *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Section 05 Question 20 20) How are women specifically affected within the sharing economy?

Feedback: The conclusion reads, “Women are less likely to participate in the sharing economy because they typically have fewer resources and assets than men do. Since female Uber drivers start out from a weaker financial position than their male counterparts, it is not surprising that they tend to (at least initially) receive a greater boost to their earnings (11 percent in Mexico to 29 percent in Egypt) than men do (IFC, 2018). The opportunities and risks of joining the sharing economy may accrue more heavily to women because they have more to gain from participating, but also more to lose if they are excluded from new forms of work, income, or assets.” The threat of violence is mentioned earlier in the article.

Page reference: Naciza Maskini and Bipasha Baruah, “Gender Equity in the ‘Sharing’ Economy: Possibilities and Limitations” a. They have fewer resources than men do b. They start from a weaker financial position than men do c. There is a threat of violence *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 21 21) Fill in the blanks: “While rideshare companies have indeed changed the transportation industry, our findings suggest that they may [reinforce] rather than [blank] social hierarchies based on gender, race and class found in traditional models of entrepreneurship and employment generation.”

Feedback: The conclusion reads, “While rideshare companies have indeed changed the transportation industry, our findings suggest that they may reinforce rather than challenge social hierarchies based on gender, race and class found in traditional models of entrepreneurship and employment generation.”

Page reference: Naciza Maskini and Bipasha Baruah, “Gender Equity in the ‘Sharing’ Economy: Possibilities and Limitations” a. challenge, reinforce *b. reinforce, challenge c. oppress, recognize d. recognize, oppress Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 22 22) Fitz argues that Instagram does not flag the posts of what population nearly as often as they flag the content by queer Black creators?

Feedback: Fitz points out that content by white creators—queer or straight—is not flagged as often on Instagram.

Page reference: Rachel Charlene Lewis, “Technology Isn’t Neutral: Ari Fitz on How Instagram Fails Queer Black Creators” a. Queer white people b. Heterosexual white people *c. Both d. Neither Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 23 23) Fill in the blank: “Let’s be real: I have [created] a lot of very suggestive posts, but I always censored and tried to be respectful of IG’s community guidelines even when I didn’t agree with them. I tried to make sure my [blank] (even though who is IG to tell me my [blank] are female or male?) didn’t show. I never showed any sexual or violent activity. My full bare ass has never been shown, even when Justin Bieber made it cool to do that on IG. I didn’t do more than what a white boy or girl influencer has, but IG automatically [deems] my Black queer body [is] wrong.”

Feedback: The article states, “Let’s be real: I have [created] a lot of very suggestive posts, but I always censored and tried to be respectful of IG’s community guidelines even when I didn’t agree with them. I tried to make sure my nipples (even though who is IG to tell me my nipples are female or

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition male?) didn’t show. I never showed any sexual or violent activity. My full bare ass has never been shown, even when Justin Bieber made it cool to do that on IG.” I didn’t do more than what a white boy or girl influencer has, but IG automatically [deems] my Black queer body [is] wrong.

Page reference: Rachel Charlene Lewis, “Technology Isn’t Neutral: Ari Fitz on How Instagram Fails Queer Black Creators” a. body b. vagina c. sex partners *d. nipples Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 24 24) What does Fitz want queer Black creators to do to change the online landscape?

Feedback: The call to action is, “Become software engineers and make a platform (with a diverse group) without racism built into the algorithm!”

Page reference: Rachel Charlene Lewis, “Technology Isn’t Neutral: Ari Fitz on How Instagram Fails Queer Black Creators” a. Try to change Instagram by working within it b. Ignore all online spaces and move to physical spaces instead *c. Become engineers who create an anti-racist platform d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 25 25) Fill in the blank: “Yet her [blank] haunted the coverage of Aghdam’s shooting after her death.

Unlike the male Muslim suicide bomber or shooter, Aghdam was produced as a victim and as an unstable and risky subject whose [blank], gender, and refugee-ness made her prone to madness, irrationality, and unpredictability.”

Feedback: Page reference: Sima Shakhsari “The Parahumanity of the YouTube Shooter: Nasim Aghdam and the Paradox of Freedom” a. Muslim-ness b. Femininity *c. Iranian-ness d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 26 26) What unfounded speculation was made about Aghdam?

Feedback: “In fact, before and after Aghdam’s death, some speculated that she was trans.”

Page reference: Sima Shakhsari “The Parahumanity of the YouTube Shooter: Nasim Aghdam and the Paradox of Freedom” *a. That she was trans b. That she was not a vegan c. That she not Iranian d. That she was older that she claimed to be Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 27 27) How does the author argue that gender affected the portrayal of Aghdam after the shooting?

Feedback: The article explains, “Unlike the Boston Marathon bombing or the Orlando Pulse Club shooting where the attackers were Muslim men, and more akin to cases of mass shooting committed by white men, Aghdam was portrayed as a lone wolf with mental health issues, rather than a “terrorist.” The gendered framing of her “failure” to kill reiterated the essentialist narratives of women being naturally peaceful and less violent.”

Page reference: Sima Shakhsari “The Parahumanity of the YouTube Shooter: Nasim Aghdam and the Paradox of Freedom” a. She was not portrayed as a terrorist

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b. She was portrayed as someone with mental health issues c. She was portrayed as a lone actor *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 28 28) Who is Quy? Feedback: The text reads, “Quy was on the docks, watching the spaceships arrive. She could, of course, have been anywhere on Longevity Station, and requested the feed from the network to be patched to her router—and watched, superimposed on her field of vision, the slow dance of ships slipping into their pod cradles like births watched in reverse.

Page reference: Aliette de Bodard, “Immersion” a. An immerse addict b. A Galactic citizen *c. A Longevity citizen d. A tourist Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 29 29) Why can’t Quy and Tam understand immerser technology on their own?

Feedback: They cannot understand it because culture cannot be reduced to algorithms.

Page reference: Aliette de Bodard, “Immersion” a. Because of the Galactic safeguards b. Because Galactic tech is too advanced *c. Because culture can’t be reduced to algorithms d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 05 Question 30 30) Fill in the blank: “Most ships those days were [blank]—you’d have thought Longevity’s ex-masters would have been unhappy about the station’s independence, but now that the war was over Longevity was a tidy source of profit. The ships came; and disgorged a steady stream of tourists—their eyes too round and straight, their jaws too square; their faces an unhealthy shade of pink, like undercooked meat left too long in the sun. They walked with the easy confidence of people with immersers: pausing to admire the suggested highlights for a second or so before moving on to the transport station, where they haggled in schoolbook Rong for a ride to their recommended hotels— a sickeningly familiar ballet Quy had been seeing most of her life, a unison of foreigners descending on the station like a plague of centipedes or leeches.”

Feedback: The paragraph reads, “Most ships those days were Galactic—you’d have thought Longevity’s ex-masters would have been unhappy about the station’s independence, but now that the war was over Longevity was a tidy source of profit. The ships came; and disgorged a steady stream of tourists—their eyes too round and straight, their jaws too square; their faces an unhealthy shade of pink, like undercooked meat left too long in the sun. They walked with the easy confidence of people with immersers: pausing to admire the suggested highlights for a second or so before moving on to the transport station, where they haggled in schoolbook Rong for a ride to their recommended hotels— a sickeningly familiar ballet Quy had been seeing most of her life, a unison of foreigners descending on the station like a plague of centipedes or leeches.”

Page reference: Aliette de Bodard, “Immersion” a. Technological b. Intersectional *c. Galactic d. Shiny

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Section 6: Activist Frontiers: Agency and Resistance Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 01 1) Which statement best summarizes Abu-Lughod’s argument?

Feedback: The argument of the essay is that Western feminists should not work as saviours but instead work as allies to Muslim women globally.

Page reference: Lila Abu-Lughod, “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others” a. Americanized Western feminism is the best model to enact among Afghani women b. Turkish secularism is part of cultural relativism *c. Western feminists should not work as saviours but instead work as allies to Muslim women d. the United Nations should intercede on women’s behalf globally Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 02 2) Fill in the blank: Even RAWA, the now celebrated Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan, which was so instrumental in bringing to U.S. women’s attention the excesses of the Taliban, has opposed the U.S. bombing from the beginning. They do not see in it Afghan women’s salvation but increased hardship and loss. They have long called for disarmament and for peacekeeping forces. Spokespersons point out the dangers of confusing [blank], the Taliban with innocent Afghans who will be most harmed. They consistently remind audiences to take a close look at the ways policies are being organized around oil interests, the arms industry, and the international drug trade. They are not obsessed with the veil, even though they are the most radical feminists working for a secular democratic Afghanistan.

Feedback: The article reads, “Even RAWA, the now celebrated Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan, which was so instrumental in bringing to U.S. women’s attention the excesses of the Taliban, has opposed the U.S. bombing from the beginning. They do not see in it Afghan women’s salvation but increased hardship and loss. They have long called for disarmament and for peacekeeping forces. Spokespersons point out the dangers of confusing governments with people, the Taliban with innocent Afghans who will be most harmed. They consistently remind audiences to take a close look at the ways policies are being organized around oil interests, the arms industry, and the international drug trade. They are not obsessed with the veil, even though they are the most radical feminists working for a secular democratic Afghanistan.”

Page reference: Lila Abu-Lughod, “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others” a. veiling and secularism *b. governments with people c. war and peace d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 03 3) When Western feminists call for banning veils instead of working as allies to Muslim women, what are Western feminists participating in?

Feedback: The article reads, “In Turn of the Century Egypt, what Leila Ahmed (1992) has called “colonial feminism” was hard at work. This was a selective concern about the plight of Egyptian women that focused on the veil as a sign of oppression but gave no support to women’s education and was professed loudly by the same Englishman, Lord Cromer, who opposed women’s suffrage back home.”

Page reference: Lila Abu-Lughod, “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others” *a. Colonial feminism b. Universal feminism c. Building sisterhood d. Making real change

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 04 4) What is Settler Colonialism?

Feedback: Settler Colonialism is the ongoing colonization of indigenous peoples in places like the U.S. and Australia.

Page reference: Beenash Jafri, “Not Your Indian Eco-Princess: Indigenous Women’s Resistance to Environmental Degradation” a. The historic process that resulted in today’s North American nations such as the U.S. and Canada b. A way of referring to attitudes and beliefs that colonial settlers held *c. The ongoing colonization of indigenous peoples in places like the U.S. and Australia d. The replacement of one group of settlers with colonizers from a new empire Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 05 5) What must non-Native feminists do to support Native women?

Feedback: The author’s call to non-Native feminists is to see the intersections of patriarchy and colonialism as they work simultaneously to strip Native women of agency and safety Page reference: Beenash Jafri, “Not Your Indian Eco-Princess: Indigenous Women’s Resistance to Environmental Degradation” a. Focus their efforts solely on dismantling patriarchy *b. See the intersections of patriarchy and colonialism as they work simultaneously to strip Native women of agency and safety c. See Native women as naturally more connected to the earth because of their biology and natural essence instead of because of the ways lands figures into colonization d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 06 6) Fill in the blanks: “The notion that Europeans were better equipped to manage and control land and women has been a salient feature of colonial discourses, one that has been used to mark indigenous populations as “savage” in relation to “civilized” Europeans and European men as more properly masculine than Native men. Its effects have been violent, as European colonizers were threatened by the relative [blank] and [blank] organization of the indigenous societies they encountered.”

Feedback: The section reads, “The notion that Europeans were better equipped to manage and control land and women has been a salient feature of colonial discourses, one that has been used to mark indigenous populations as “savage” in relation to “civilized” Europeans and European men as more properly masculine than Native men. Its effects have been violent, as European colonizers were threatened by the relative egalitarianism and matrifocal organization of the indigenous societies they encountered.”

Page reference: Beenash Jafri, “Not Your Indian Eco-Princess: Indigenous Women’s Resistance to Environmental Degradation” a. socialist, patrilineal *b. egalitarianism, matrifocal c. hierarchical, intersectional d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 07 7) What concerns did the theorists and activists have about using identity as the basis for coalitions?

Feedback: All three were offered as different concerns about using identity as the basis of coalitions.

Page reference: Elizabeth R. Cole and Zakiya T. Luna, “Making Coalitions Work: Solidarity across Difference within US Feminism” a. worrying that such an approach contributes to the reification and normalization of certain identities b. any attempt to describe membership or belonging simultaneously implies a boundary indicating which groups are different or “other” c. it is premised on turning a blind eye to differences within groups d. All of the above

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 08 8) Why did activists with less power and privilege within coalitions “strategically chose only short-term alliances across differences of power”?

Feedback: The article concludes, “These interviews suggest some of the challenges faced by organizations attempting to work across differences of power. Powerful groups may assume that their practices and internal dynamics are universal and thus should be transparent to all. Such assumptions may pose an additional burden for coalition partners with less power and privilege. Not only must they do the political work, but they must also struggle to decode what is unsaid and then communicate that information back to their coalition partners, who may not be eager to receive feedback reminding them of their blind spots. Activists who recounted such narratives invariably commented on the toll this “double shift” can take. For this reason, some strategically chose only short-term alliances across differences of power.”

Page reference: Elizabeth R. Cole and Zakiya T. Luna, “Making Coalitions Work: Solidarity across Difference within US Feminism” a. those in power are eager to hear about their blind spots in regards to having too much power b. the power structures are transparent and therefore easy to negotiate c. identity politics was not the sole focus on the coalition *d. they end up taking on a “double shift” by having to negotiate unequal power structures within coalitions Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 09 9) What is a coalition within feminist discourse?

Feedback: The definition is, “the process through which groups that define themselves as different work together politically, either long or short term, in the service of some mutually valued end, is a frequent refrain in the writing of feminists of color.”

Page reference: Elizabeth R. Cole and Zakiya T. Luna, “Making Coalitions Work: Solidarity across Difference within US Feminism” a. a group focused on identity politics and that does not concern itself with political engagement b. a group of women who do not share a common goal but decide to work together with women coming from the same identity *c. the process through which groups that define themselves as different work together politically, either long or short term, in the service of some mutually valued end d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 10 10) What does Hartley say about civility?

Feedback: “I think (hope) what makes this a new moment is that we seem to be waking up to the fact that civility is a patriarchal tool that we can’t use to our advantage. The whole purpose of imposing civility and quelling the expressed anger of marginalized groups is to make sure they can’t be heard or effectively harness their power.”

Page reference: Evette Dionne, “Turning Fury Into Fuel: Three Women Authors on Publishing’s New Investment in Anger” a. It is the only way to get people to listen to the concerns of women *b. It is patriarchal tool that will never work as a tool for women wanting to effect change c. It can be used along with anger simultaneously d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 11 11) According to Chemaly, who was penalized for showing anger during the election?

Feedback: Chemaly states, “Anger was so palpable in the build up to and the aftermath of [Donald] Trump’s election. What was so striking was how powerfully male candidates like Bernie Sanders and Trump could freely, and with added benefit, tap into the rising tide of populist rage. They could pound fists, get red in the face and express righteous political indignation, and [still] be seen as “in touch” with voters. Women, specifically Hillary Clinton, couldn’t do this without penalty.”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Page reference: Evette Dionne, “Turning Fury Into Fuel: Three Women Authors on Publishing’s New Investment in Anger” a. Donald Trump b. Bernie Sanders *c. Hillary Clinton d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 12 12) What effect does Zaman say writing her book has had on her life?

Feedback: Zaman states, “Writing this book and becoming its voice has made me unshakable. I’ve released toxic people, and learned how to value, protect, and advocate for myself in ways I never did before. Harsh criticism, rejection, backlash, and trolls haven’t mattered thus far, and they won’t.

Whenever I encounter misogyny, I laugh, knowing it’s the last, vain, dying gasps of a system that knows its days are numbered. By rejecting the confines and privileges reaped from the hetero male gaze, I threaten the very people who profited off the pleasing behavior, silence, and docility of my past.”

Page reference: Evette Dionne, “Turning Fury Into Fuel: Three Women Authors on Publishing’s New Investment in Anger” a. made her unshakeable b. allowed her to advocate for herself c. release toxic people in her life *d. all of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 13 13) In Hill’s experience, what best protects the black community from violence?

Feedback: The text reads, “Daddy Curry is a believer; some think he is saintly. But everybody knows that calling out for Jesus doesn’t make a black man bullet proof, so it’s best to be a celebrity. The fans, some of them preachers and policemen, will recognize this kind of man as a citizen. They praise him because they believe he loves the game of basketball. False. Daddy Curry loves his daughter Riley and basketball protects them both, pads Daddy Curry and Riley from basic bias like the gear of an ice hockey goalie. Basketball celebrity is mighty, but it barely protects her from angry reporters, who tell us all about how disruptive she is.”

Page reference: DaMaris B. Hill, “Concrete” a. Religion *b. Celebrity c. The school principal d. Family Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 14 14) Why is Baltimore an important setting to the story?

Feedback: One of the mentions of Baltimore shows how it is metaphor for black women: “Baltimore is a land where the river and seas meet. It can’t keep quiet or still. So when people tried to bind it in legal contracts, they had no right. They couldn’t keep it there. Next, they steamed rolled it, prisoned it in tar and rocked it over. They were bent on paving it into submission. They tried to fix it by plaquering it with people names. Jailed it in fencing and blasted it with basketballs, like loose confetti. These balls keep the Baltimore seagulls at bay. No nesting or chicks near the courts, places where basketballs ricochet from backboard to black man to white guy to lesser known women to ghostly reporters to microphones across fiber optics and cameras that crowd around Steph Curry and the fluid swish of his satin shorts—and capture the glimmer image of an American hero, the man—until she stops it, this renegade role model Riley.”

Page reference: DaMaris B. Hill, “Concrete” *a. It is a metaphor for black women as both are often subjects of others trying to assert authority over them and both cannot be penned in b. It is where women go to college and are not allowed to finish c. It is place free of racial discord d. None of the above

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 15 15) What was the result of the author writing a letter to the bully and advocating for her friend?

Feedback: The section reads, “Robert, the white boy, the bully, the boney one with the coffee cup haircut, did not die. He was rescued. I was beaten for not behaving. My daddy became something that resembled a man. He stormed in the house like he was pure lightning wearing a weather coat and wool hat.”

Page reference: DaMaris B. Hill, “Concrete” a. There was no result other than silence b. Her grandfather decided she needed to move away from Baltimore *c. She was beaten by her father d. She was rewarded by the principal for speaking out against injustice Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 16 16) What is the Green Belt Movement?

Feedback: GBM is an organization that believes that “trees provide women with the basic needs they require to sustain their families—food, fuel, shelter, and income—since women receive monetary compensation for every tree that survives up to three months.”

Page reference: Wangari Maathai, “An Unbreakable Link: Peace, Environment, and Democracy” *a. an organization that supports women by providing trees and rewarding women for sustaining the trees b. an organization that helps women flee intimate partner violence c. an organization that teaches women how to apply to school d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 17 17) Fill in the blank: “A degraded environment leads to a scramble for scarce resources and may culminate in [blank]. As resources become scarcer or are squandered—whether they be land, water, hydrocarbons, timber, or minerals—some will seek to control them by excluding others.

Consequently, the excluded seek justice and dignity through whatever means they can, often resulting in conflict. In fact, most conflicts in the world today relate in some way to competition over the access, control, and distribution of resources. Sometimes these conflicts take form within a state's own borders as local disputes over water, grazing ground, and agricultural land. Others are international conflicts, such as those in the Middle East. Almost without exception, these conflicts are over the distribution of these limited resources: who will own them, who will control them, and who will be excluded.”

Feedback: The section reads, “A degraded environment leads to a scramble for scarce resources and may culminate in poverty and conflict. As resources become scarcer or are squandered— whether they be land, water, hydrocarbons, timber, or minerals—some will seek to control them by excluding others. Consequently, the excluded seek justice and dignity through whatever means they can, often resulting in conflict. In fact, most conflicts in the world today relate in some way to competition over the access, control, and distribution of resources. Sometimes these conflicts take form within a state's own borders as local disputes over water, grazing ground, and agricultural land.

Others are international conflicts, such as those in the Middle East. Almost without exception, these conflicts are over the distribution of these limited resources: who will own them, who will control them, and who will be excluded.”

Page reference: Wangari Maathai, “An Unbreakable Link: Peace, Environment, and Democracy” *a. poverty and conflict b. erosion and socialism c. capitalism and war d. optimism and crime Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 18 18) What does Maathai argue needs to be added to the concept of reduce, reuse, recycle?

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: Maathai argues the idea of “repair” needs to be added to the concept of reduce, reuse, recycle, which is the goal of planting trees and stopping erosion.

Page reference: Wangari Maathai, “An Unbreakable Link: Peace, Environment, and Democracy” a. refuse b. repress c. recall *d. repair Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 19 19) What does the author argue is the Latina Advantage in U.S. politics?

Feedback: The paragraph reads, “As a result of their diverse identities, Latinas and other women of color have the potential to attract more diverse voter coalitions than their male counterparts. Instead of being a hindrance, a candidate’s gender can help her deemphasize disadvantages that come from ethnic differences from many voters. In addition, a female minority candidate may get a boost in electoral support from both fellow minorities and from women of all backgrounds. Due to their dual identities, Latinas are actually able to attract more diverse voter coalitions than their male counterparts. Generally, in fact, Latinas are more likely than their male Latino counterparts to win elections to represent districts with a majority of non-Latino residents.”

Page reference: Christina E. Bejarano, “The Latina Advantage in U.S. Politics: Recent Example with Representative Ocasio-Corte” *a. their dual identities as women and Latina speaks to a larger group of the electorate b. speaking Spanish on television helps keep other voters away from the polls c. Latinos win more elections but Latinas can ride on the wave of enthusiasm created by Latinos winning elections d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 20 20) Who is in “The Squad”?

Feedback: These women have all made history by being “politically influential women of color, like “the Squad” of 4 women elected to Congress in 2018 that are now household names and celebrities: Representatives Ilhan Omar, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Rashida Tlaib, and Ayanna Pressley.”

Page reference: Christina E. Bejarano, “The Latina Advantage in U.S. Politics: Recent Example with Representative Ocasio-Corte” a. Ilhan Omar b. Rashida Tlaib c. Ayanna Pressley *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 21 21) Fill in the blank: “Even though Latinas are making gains in U.S. politics, they – like women in general – are still [blank] overall, which means their number in the general population is not comparable to their number in elective office.”

Feedback: The statement reads, “Even though Latinas are making gains in U.S. politics, they – like women in general – are still underrepresented overall, which means their number in the general population is not comparable to their number in elective office.”

Page reference: Christina E. Bejarano, “The Latina Advantage in U.S. Politics: Recent Example with Representative Ocasio-Corte” a. accurately represented b. overrepresented *c. underrepresented d. unqualified Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 22 22) Why was Winter the only activist fined for his role in the Capitol protest?

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition Feedback: The conclusion reads, “I was the only one who was fined, because I held a job with significant income, and I was proud to “donate” $100.00 to the cause of justice and equality. Those few days and the passing of the ADA were monumental for me as an individual and an activist, but also for people across the United States of America. We now have taken steps to move towards inclusion and away from segregation and discrimination of people with disabilities.”

Page reference: Michael Winter, “I Was There” a. He was deemed the leader *b. He had a significant salary c. He declared he wouldn’t pay any fine d. He was the only man involved Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 23 23) What motivated Winter to reach the top of the Capitol steps?

Feedback: The text reads, “At the very beginning, I looked up and thought that I would never make it.

But right below me was a seven-year-old girl who was making the same climb, step by step, her wheelchair left somewhere below or whisked somewhere above. This was Tom Olin’s young niece. I felt an obligation to be a role model for this girl and we ultimately made it to the top together.”

Page reference: Michael Winter, “I Was There” a. His friends at the top *b. The young girl right behind him c. The fear of failure d. The cold weather Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 24 24) Fill in the blank: “As I listened to the speakers on that day, I considered how life had prepared me for this moment of [blank]. Although I had taken part in such “street theatre” before, this seemed like the crowning glory of them all.”

Feedback: The passage reads, “As I listened to the speakers on that day, I considered how life had prepared me for this moment of civil disobedience. Although I had taken part in such “street theatre” before, this seemed like the crowning glory of them all.”

Page reference: Michael Winter, “I Was There” a. oppression b. intersectionality *c. civil disobedience d. crisis Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 25 25) What social and political “truth” does Elvira Kurt transvalue in the videos Fryett examines?

Feedback: The beginning of the analysis of Kurt’s work reads, “I turn to Kurt’s performances because they play with and reverse heternormative narratives.”

Page reference: Sarah E. Fryett, “Laudable Laughter: Feminism and Female Comedians” a. The gender binary *b. Heteronormativity c. Construction of race d. Unrealistic beauty standards Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 26 26) What cultural “truth” does Amy Schumer transvalue in the video Fryett analyzes?

Feedback: The passage reads, “This comment calls attention to the double standard that exists in Hollywood and patriarchy’s control of female beauty standards. Passivity, weakness, and submissiveness are the female beauty ideals; activity, strength, and power are the male beauty ideals. These sexist standards of beauty pervade Hollywood and firmly sustain a gendered binary: male = active/female = passive. The sketch however, through frank humor, destabilizes these ideals of female attractiveness—cementing a transvaluation of patriarchy.”

Page reference: Sarah E. Fryett, “Laudable Laughter: Feminism and Female Comedians”

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

a. The gender binary b. Heteronormativity c. Construction of race *d. Unrealistic beauty standards Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 27 27) According to Fryett, why is feminist laughter important?

Feedback: The conclusion reads, “All three comedians destabilize the all-encompassing narratives that disallow difference and create false hierarchical dichotomies.”

Page reference: Sarah E. Fryett, “Laudable Laughter: Feminism and Female Comedians” a. It provides an escape from quotidian problems *b. It destabilizes normative discourse c. It provides a place for self-reflection d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 28 28) What do the Guerrilla Girls wear when they appear in public?

Feedback: The explanation reads, “They wear gorilla masks in public to keep their identities secret.”

Page reference: Guerrilla Girls, “When Racism & Sexism Are No Longer Fashionable “ *a. Gorilla Masks b. Masks of famous women artists c. Masks of famous men artists d. Masks of U.S. Presidents Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 29 29) What is the main way the Guerrilla Girls get their message out?

Feedback: The explanation reads, “When they realized that just protesting in front of the museum wasn’t effective, they started their first poster campaign. Since then they’ve used other strategies to get their message out, including publishing books like The Guerrilla Girls’ Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art and The Guerrilla Girls’ Art Museum Activity Book. “When Racism & Sexism Are No Longer Fashionable” is one of their most well-known posters.”

Page reference: Guerrilla Girls, “When Racism & Sexism Are No Longer Fashionable “ a. Staging protests outside museums *b. Posters and publishing c. Gathering signatures d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 30 30) What does the poster draw the reader’s attention to?

Feedback: The imbalance in worth of paintings by women compared to works done by men Page reference: Guerrilla Girls, “When Racism & Sexism Are No Longer Fashionable “ a. The imbalance of admissions to art school for women compared to the number of men admitted *b. The imbalance in worth of paintings by women compared to works done by men c. The lack of art created by men in museums d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 31 31) What is the rule the women discuss? (Now called the Bechdel Test) Feedback: “The Rule” (now known as the Bechdel Test) is that any film they see must have two women in it who talk to each other about something other than a man.

Page reference: Alison Bechdel, “The Test” a. Any film they see must have two women in it who talk to each other about nothing but men *b. Any film they see must have two women in it who talk to each other about something other than a man

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

c. Any film they see must have two men in it who talk to each other about something other than a woman d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 32 32) What film(s) is (are) playing at the theatre they are considering entering?

Feedback: All three hypermasculine titles are advertised.

Page reference: Alison Bechdel, “The Test” a. The Mercenary b. The Vigilante c. The Barbarian *d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 33 33) What do the two women end up doing by the end of the comic?

Feedback: The two women end up going home.

Page reference: Alison Bechdel, “The Test” *a. Going home b. Entering the theater c. Calling a friend d. Making their own film Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 34 34) What is the role of anger in the movement?

Feedback: The text reads, “BECAUSE we are angry at a society that tells us Girl = Dumb, Girl = Bad, Girl = Weak.

BECAUSE we are unwilling to let our real and valid anger be diffused and/or turned against us via the internalization of sexism as witnessed in girl/ girl jealousy and self defeating girltype behaviors.”

Page reference: Kathleen Hanna/Bikini Kill, “Riot Grrrl Manifesto” *a. It is necessary and justified b. It needs to be quelled c. It makes women look bad d. It will not be effective because people will not listen to the music Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 35 35) Fill in the blank: “BECAUSE we hate [blank] in all its forms and see our main goal as sharing information and staying alive, instead of making profits or being cool according to traditional standards.”

Feedback: The statement reads, “BECAUSE we hate capitalism in all its forms and see our main goal as sharing information and staying alive, instead of making profits or being cool according to traditional standards.”

Page reference: Kathleen Hanna/Bikini Kill, “Riot Grrrl Manifesto” a. socialism *b. capitalism c. communism d. racism Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 36 36) What do the authors of the “Riot Grrrl Manifesto” declare is their main goal?

Feedback: The section reads,” the coming angry grrrl rock revolution which seeks to save the psychic and cultural lives of girls and women everywhere, according to their own terms, not ours.”

Page reference: Kathleen Hanna/Bikini Kill, “Riot Grrrl Manifesto” a. To make music that supports the established music industry *b. To save the psychic and cultural lives of girls and women

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Saraswati, Introduction to Women's, Gender & Sexuality Studies, Second Edition

c. To maintain the status quo d. To create hierarchical ways of being Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 37 37) What contributed to Burke and other activists being able to “retain control of the developing narrative around #metoo”?

Feedback: Burke explains, “Good allies and accomplices are needed in the ‘me too.’ movement and all fights for justice and equality. We need those who understand how to leverage their privilege to mitigate harm for those experiencing the oppression at hand. So Alyssa’s willingness to elevate my leadership over hers and her desire to leverage her celebrity and resources to support the work of the movement were indicators that she was indeed, an ally in the work to end sexual violence.”

Page reference: Heather Rellihan, “An Interview with Tarana Burke” a. no one informed the celebrity that gained popular attention with #metoo of the long history of the hashtag *b. someone in a position of privilege worked as an ally instead of overtaking the message c. people dismissed the role of allies and demanded sole ownership of the hashtag d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 38 38) Why did Burke create #metoo decades ago?

Feedback: Burke explains she created #metoo “to support all survivors of sexual violence, but especially Black women and girls.”

Page reference: Heather Rellihan, “An Interview with Tarana Burke” a. to encourage silence around sexual assault *b. to support all survivors of sexual violence, but especially Black women and girls c. to promote Take Back the Night events d. none of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Section 06 Question 39 39) What does Burke recommend when someone wants to enter activist movements?

Feedback: Burke suggests all three steps.

Page reference: Heather Rellihan, “An Interview with Tarana Burke” a. spend some time figuring out how you want to be of service and then analyze if that’s actually the most effective use of your time and skill set. b. be certain that you believe change will come and that you’re not just being active for the sake of being woke and involved c. know that the work of activism isn’t easy *d. all of the above

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