Marriages, Families, and Intimate Relationships, 5th Edition By Brian K. Williams, Stacey C. Sawyer,

TEST BANK

Test Bank for

Marriages, Families, & Intimate Relationships A Practical Introduction Fifth Edition

Brian K. Williams Stacey C. Sawyer Carl M. Wahlstrom

CONTENTS Chapter 1 Seeking: Finding Happiness in Relationships in a Complex World

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Chapter 2 Understanding: Learning about Intimate Behavior

15

Chapter 3 Gender: The Meanings of Masculinity & Femininity

30

Chapter 4 Involvement: Dating, Pairing, & Courtship

44

Chapter 5 Love: The Many Faces

60

Chapter 6 Communication: Realizing Effective Intimacy

74

Chapter 7 Sexuality: Interpersonal Sexuality, Sexual Values, & Behavior

89

Chapter 8 Marriage: The Ultimate Commitment?

104

Chapter 9 Variations: Nontraditional Families & Households

119

Chapter 10 Reproduction: Decisions about Having or Not Having Children

133

Chapter 11 Parenting: Children, Families, & Generations

149

Chapter 12 Work: Economics, Jobs, & Balancing Family Demands

164

Chapter 13 Crises: Managing Stress, Disaster, Violence, & Abuse

179

Chapter 14 Uncoupling: Separation & Divorce

194

Chapter 15 Remarriage: Reinvented, Renewed, & Blended Families

209

Chapter 1: Seeking: Finding Happiness in Relationships in a Complex World MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The highest human achievement in Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is__________.

A. spiritual connectivity B. self-actualization C. social acceptance D. intimacy Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss how love and relationships affect personal happiness.

Topic: Seeking Happiness through Love & Intimacy Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. Julio is single. Compared with his friend Rye, who is married, some research has shown that Julio is likely to have __________ contact with his parents.

A. more frequent B. less frequent C. less satisfying D. more satisfying Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss how love and relationships affect personal happiness.

Topic: Happiness: Love versus Loneliness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 3. Sociological research indicates that __________married couples who reported being unhappy said they were happy five years later.

A. around one-fourth of B. one-half of C. approximately two-thirds of D. nearly all Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss how love and relationships affect personal happiness.

Topic: Numbers That Matter Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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4. Which of the following statements accurately connects the relationship between happiness and ethnicity?

A. Happiness can be influenced by one’s ethnic culture.

B. Ethnic culture and happiness are unrelated.

C. Certain ethnic cultures discourage happiness. .

D. Being multi-ethnic increases one’s likelihood of being happy.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss how love and relationships affect personal happiness.

Topic: Practical Action / Happiness: Is It within Your Grasp?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5. The Research has shown that happiness depends on where you live. The United States __________.

A. ranks very low on all scales.

B. ranks the highest on all scales C. has the highest life expectancy D. creates a vast ecological footprint Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss how love and relationships affect personal happiness.

Topic: Practical Action / Happiness: Is It within Your Grasp?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. According to John Gottman, if Marie and Jazmine are interested in strengthening their relationship, it is most important for them to foster .

A. an ability to express disappointment B. a culture of appreciation C. mutual interests D. increased sexual desire Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss how love and relationships affect personal happiness.

Topic: Love, Appreciation, Intimacy, & Happiness Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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7. David Olson found that couples who A. agree on political issues B. are flexible as a couple C. focus on their independence D. have different personality types

tend to be happy couples.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.1 Discuss how love and relationships affect personal happiness.

Topic: How Happy Are You in a Relationship?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8. Sociologist Linda Waite found that outset said they were happy five years later.

A. nearly one-quarter of B. almost half of C. about two-thirds of D. nearly all

couples who were unhappily married at the

Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: Marriage & Family: The Basic Concepts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. According to the text, which of the following is a component of marriage?

A. physical protection B. financial security C. marriage ceremony D. health and sustenance Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is Marriage?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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10. A sociological analysis of wedding ceremonies indicates that they are A. essentially religious in nature B. a civil requirement C. decreasing in number D. a cultural universal

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Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is Marriage?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. Tom and Mary have been sharing a home for 15 years and present themselves to others as within a legal partnership. Therefore, others likely refer to their relationship as a .

A. common-law marriage B. monogamous unit C. binuclear family D. civil union Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is Marriage?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. From the standpoint of society, __________is the principle reason for the institution of marriage.

A. companionship B. economic security C. legal stability D. procreation Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is Marriage?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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13. The family into which one is born and raised is called a A. family of orientation B. family of procreation C. neolocal family D. patrilocal family

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Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is a Family?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14. The binuclear family is best described as .

A. a family in which members live in two different households B. children born into a new blended family C. a single-parent family D. adult children returning to live with their parents Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is a Family?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. Pierre lives with his mother and her boyfriend; Pierre lives with his A. nuclear family B. kin C. affiliated kin D. binuclear family Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is a Family?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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16. The pattern of residence most often found in North America is of residence most often found in the rest of the world is A. neolocal; matrilocal B. neolocal; patrilocal C. patrilocal; neolocal D. matrilocal; neolocal

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, while the pattern

Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is a Family?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. Which of the following did William Goode identify as a benefit of family?

A. monogamy B. physical safety C. convenience D. socialization Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: Why Have Families at All? Four Benefits Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. Aiyana has lived her life in a Pueblo community, where it is likely that she traces her family descent by her .

A. father’s lineage B. mother’s lineage C. extended kin D. father’s extended kin Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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19. Mohe has entered the life stage known as , which precedes his solitary trek into the woods or up a mountaintop to fast and seek a vision from a guardian spirit. On his return, he will assume adult status.

A. transitioning B. puberty C. maturing D. forming Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 20. Young women who worked under contract to an employer for a number of years to pay for their passage to the New World are known as .

A. migrant workers B. servant imports C. handmaids D. indentured servants Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. Which of the following explains how adolescence existed among white colonial families?

A. The notion of adolescence did not exist.

B. During adolescence, children had to begin working.

C. Reaching adolescence marked a child as transitioning to an adult.

D. Adolescence marked a child as prepared for marriage.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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22. Which of the following explains why many slave owners encouraged enslaved blacks to have large families?

A. They wanted to provide slaves with a sense of purpose.

B. They needed a supply of slaves after slave imports were abolished.

C. They desired to foster kinship among slaves.

D. They wanted to prevent promiscuity.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. James was a slave during the colonial era in the United States. He found it difficult to establish a family because .

A. many slave women were infertile B. slaves were not allowed to associate with other blacks C. slaves were not allowed to legally marry D. children were often sold to other plantations Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. Rites of passage for colonial Hispanic families were very important, in part because .

A. they were strongly influenced by Catholic teachings B. they were a patrilocal family system C. there was a strong culture of machismo D. of their familism Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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25. In which of the following ways did urbanization affect middle-class families?

A. The role of fathers became mainly economic.

B. More farm labor was needed.

C. More women worked outside of the home. .

D. Children were regarded as miniature adults.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: Families in the 19th & Early 20th Centuries Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. __________ helped immigrants in the early 19th Century overcome hostility and prejudice.

A. Kinship systems B. Kind employers C. Speaking English D. Unions

Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: Families in the 19th & Early 20th Centuries Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 27. Steven Mintz and Susan Kellogg note that in a provide romance, emotional growth, and sexual fulfillment.

A. patriarchal relationship B. matriarchal relationship C. companionate family D. compatibility union

, the marriage is supposed to

Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: Families in the Modern Era Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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28. The swelling number of Americans between the ages of 52 and 70 is due to .

A. suburbanization B. the child-centered culture C. the Baby Boom D. globalization Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: Families in the Modern Era Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. Which of the following is an accurate trend regarding American families?

A. There are more people who are living alone.

B. Only one parent is likely to be working.

C. Teen pregnancy is on the rise.

D. People are living shorter lives.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: Families in the Modern Era Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. Anthony Giddens argued that the traditional family was A. an economic unit B. required for happiness C. important for compassion D. necessary for childrearing

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Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Economic Forces Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. Which of the following are characteristics of individualism?

A. Families increase their self-sufficiency.

B. The search for self-fulfillment becomes most important.

C. There is a greater focus on children’s creativity.

D. Hard work becomes less important.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Economic Forces Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts was the most important invention of the 20th

32. Michael Malone argued that the century.

A. television B. vacuum tube C. cell phone D. microprocessor

Answer: D Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Economic Forces Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. Developments in biology have had which of the following effects on families?

A. There is now a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

B. There is increased control over fertility.

C. There are fewer children born with spina bifida.

D. Mental retardation has been almost eliminated.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Economic Forces Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. Which of the following accurately represents the effect of the social media on families?

A. Social media discourages a focus on the here and now.

B. Social media encourages a focus on family.

C. Social media does not have a real effect on families at all.

D. Social media helps families feel confident.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Economic Forces Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35 Non-Hispanic whites living in the United States __________.

A. are the most economically well-off racial category B. have the strongest kinship network C. are projected to become a minority in the next 50 years D. are mostly of English descent Answer: C Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Demographic Trends Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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ESSAY 36. Describe the “postmodern” family. Give two examples mentioned in the text.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Postmodern families have moved beyond the traditional nuclear family to include a greater variability in family forms.

2. Binuclear families, in which members live in two different households.

3. Blended families or stepfamilies that are created when two people marry and one or both brings into the household a child or children.

4. Kin that are defined as relatives by blood, marriage, or relationship.

Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is a Family?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Distinguish between the family of orientation and the family of procreation.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Family of orientation: the family in which a person is born.

2. Family of orientation influences your views about marriage.

3. Family of procreation: the family a person begins after getting married and having children.

4. Family of procreation may also be a family of cohabitation.

Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the components, types, and benefits of families.

Topic: What Is a Family?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 38. Compare and contrast some family characteristics of colonial-era Latino, African American, and Native American groups as mentioned in the text.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. In Latino families, the well-being of the family was emphasized over the welfare of the individual, a concept known as familism.

2. Most African American families had two parents or a single father, and they were exceptionally strong families.

3. Native American family patterns are very diverse; some are matrilineal, while others are patrilineal.

Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain how the families of yesterday differed from our own.

Topic: American Families in the Colonial Era Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 13 .

39. Illustrate positive and negative aspects of communications technology.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Positive: Social media users tend to have more diverse relationships and a larger number of relationships. Many of those relationships are more persistent and pervasive.

2. Positive: Thanks to social-networking services, people are more likely to attend high school and college reunions.

3. Negative: Distraction by electronic devices can lead to trouble being present and focusing.

4. Negative: Technology can be intrusive and can lead to jealousy, cyberbullying, and sexting.

Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Economic Forces Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 40. Discuss why globalization has not helped the American family.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Globalization has created a dominant service economy in the United States.

2. Some service jobs require college educations and pay well, but most do not require much education and do not pay well.

3. People depend on income from these jobs to care for families, yet they are not stable, affecting the stability and happiness of families.

Learning Objective: 1.4 Describe the great forces that influenced family life.

Topic: Today’s Changing Families: Economic Forces Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 2: Understanding: Learning about Intimate Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is an example of magical thinking?

A. believing that some illnesses can’t be cured B. taking vitamin C to cure a cold C. researching on the internet D. trusting immunization

Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Uncritical Thinking & Magical Thinking Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understanding the Concepts 2. The comfortable patterns of thinking we acquire in a lifetime are called __________.

A. critical thinking B. reasoning C. deductive arguments D. mindsets Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Uncritical Thinking & Magical Thinking Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. The magical thinking of “vaccine doubters” and anti-science families can be held responsible for the reintroduction of __________ to the United States.

A. herpes B. autism C. HPV D. measles Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Uncritical Thinking & Magical Thinking Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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4. Developing an understanding of a problem is _________.

A. difficult for many people B. likely to cause insecurity C. something best left to scientists D. part of critical thinking

Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Critical Thinking: Clear, Skeptical, Active Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 5. Critical thinking requires __________.

A. constant questioning B. experience C. a firm mindset D. an imagination Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Critical Thinking: Clear, Skeptical, Active Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6. Which of the following illustrates the first step in critical thinking?

A. rereading directions while assembling a new gas grill B. examining relevant past experiences to determine new courses of action C. devising an outline for an essay D. using the Internet to research a controversial issue Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Critical Thinking: Skills versus Disposition Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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7. Which of the following is an example of the second step in critical thinking?

A. choosing from among several essay outlines and following the selected format B. conducting online research about a particular topic before delivering a persuasive speech C. basing a decision concerning how to dress for a formal occasion upon past experiences D. rereading an algebra problem several times before beginning to solve it Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Critical Thinking: Skills versus Disposition Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 8. Theories are useful because they can __________.

A. help analyze research findings B. develop multiple hypotheses C. provide a single, definitive answer to a problem D. explain social laws Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: Theoretical Perspectives on the Family Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. A perspective or set of statements that explains why processes and events occur is called a __________.

A. hypothesis B. theory C. variable D. sample Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: Theoretical Perspectives on the Family Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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10. Which of the following is an example of micro-level orientation?

A. theories regarding the economy’s influence on marriage B. theories linking pop culture and its influence on families C. theories examining individuals’ impact on society D. theories that connect global systems and family practices Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: Two Types of Theories: Macro-Level versus Micro-Level Orientations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. The structural-functional theoretical perspective identifies the __________within the family.

A. instrumental roles B. emotional connections C. costs and rewards D. psychological stages Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12. Which of the following is an example of a manifest function of the Internet?

A. to decrease personal interaction B. to enhance the speed of research C. to expose children to education D. to increase fidelity in relationships Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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13. Talcott Parsons advocated which perspective on family?

A. structural-functional B. conflict C. ecological D. family systems Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14. Socialization is the __________.

A. ongoing actions and responses of family members to one another B. process by which we learn the attitudes and beliefs of our culture C. presence and development of unique personality characteristics in individuals D. development of self-image and definitions of social situations Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Structural-Functional Perspective: The Family Is a Social Institution Performing Essential Functions Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. The conflict perspective __________.

A. describes how families unite against adverse outside forces B. views individuals and groups as being in competition with each other over scarce resources C. looks at how families change as they add and subtract members D. forms the basis for the development of men’s studies Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Conflict Perspective: Conflict & Change, Not Harmony, Is the Normal State of the Family Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16. __________said, “If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.”

A. William I. Thomas B. Herbert Blumer C. Charles Horton Cooley D. George Herbert Mead Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Symbolic Interaction Perspective: People’s Interactions Ultimately Determine Their Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. The family systems perspective suggests that __________.

A. family members fulfill certain tasks and expectations as they move through their family life cycle B. male dominance in the family creates stability C. each member of the family fulfills a special role D. family members make up a system of interconnected parts Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Family Systems Perspective: Family Members Are Interconnected & Changes in One Affect Others Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. __________theory explains the phenomenon of emotionally detached wives “walking away” from their marriages, much to the surprise of their husbands.

A. Structural-functional B. Symbolic interaction C. Social exchange D. Family development Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Social Exchange Perspective: Individuals Seek the Most Benefits & the Least Costs in a Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20 .

19. Feminist scholar Jessie Bernard believed that women were oppressed by __________.

A. not having the right to vote B. the institution of marriage C. policies affecting female reproduction D. being underrepresented in government Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: 6. The Feminist Perspective: Inequality between Men & Women Results from Male Dominance Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. Which of the following perspectives employs micro- and macro-level orientations?

A. ecological B. symbolic interaction C. feminist D. social exchange Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: 7. The Ecological Perspective: The Family Is Influenced by & Influences Its Environment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. A researcher who links Attention Deficit Disorder in preschoolers to the amount of television they watch is applying which perspective?

A. symbolic interaction B. structural-functional C. ecological D. social exchange Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Ecological Perspective: The Family Is Influenced by & Influences Its Environment Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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22. Expecting family members to perform certain roles and exhibit certain behaviors in accordance with the age of the family is an example of which perspective?

A. symbolic interaction B. family systems C. ecological D. social exchange Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Family Development Perspective: Individuals & Families Change through Stages of Life Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. Which of the following perspectives is criticized for negating the significance of acceptance and cooperation?

A. structural-functional B. symbolic interaction C. conflict D. family systems Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: Is Any Perspective Better Than Any Other?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. Responses to a magazine survey are an example of a __________.

A. representative sample of those magazine subscribers B. stratified random sample C. random sample D. nonrepresentative sample Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 22 .

25. Giving everyone in a research study population a chance of being included in a survey is called a(n) __________.

A. sample B. nonrepresentative sample C. random sample D. interview technique Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Viewers who respond to a television news program via the Internet make up a __________ sample.

A. representative B. stratified random C. nonrepresentative D. stratified nonrepresentative Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Applying the research findings of a particular sample to the larger population is known as__________.

A. generalization B. the Hawthorne effect C. a longitudinal study D. random sampling Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23 .

28. When employing __________, researchers interact with subjects in their natural environment without their knowledge.

A. surveys B. participant observation C. detached observation D. nonparticipant observation Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Observational Research: Observing People in Their Usual Surroundings Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. __________refers to the fact that some subjects in research studies who alter their behavior because they know they are being studied.

A. Participant bias B. The Hawthorne effect C. Participant control D. Maneuvering Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: 3. Observational Research: Observing People in Their Usual Surroundings Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. __________are factors or behaviors that can be controlled or manipulated by the experimenter.

A. Case studies B. Observational studies C. Dependent variables D. Independent variables Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Experimental Research: Measuring Behavior under Controlled Conditions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24 .

31. In drug trials, those who do not receive test drugs are the __________.

A. independent variables B. dependent variables C. experimental group D. control group Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Experimental Research: Measuring Behavior under Controlled Conditions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Data collected from a sample group over several years is called a __________ study.

A. cross-cultural B. longitudinal C. historical D. content analysis Answer: B Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: 5. Other Kinds of Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. When examining research findings, which two key issues affect objectivity?

A. media exposure and research methods B. money and experience C. time and energy D. mindsets and research flaws Answer: D Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Trying to Be Objective: How Do You Know What’s True?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. When Dr. Nelson’s research findings are unable to be replicated by other researchers, the study has a problem with __________.

A. bias B. validity C. reliability D. control groups Answer: C Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Trying to Be Objective: How Do You Know What’s True?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 35. Allison is interested in understanding how a person’s likelihood of being unemployed is related to her race/ethnicity. Should she conduct research on the issue, she will be employing __________.

A. her sociological imagination B. case study analysis C. longitudinal analysis D. cultural imagination Answer: A Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Using the Sociological Imagination: Different Folks, Different Families Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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ESSAY 36. Discuss the four steps in critical thinking. Give an example of each.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Understanding the problem. An example might be asking your instructor for clarification on an assignment before beginning.

2. Gathering and interpreting information. An example might be collecting data on the issue through a method such as survey research.

3. Developing and carrying out a solution plan. An example might be making a policy recommendation.

4. Evaluating the plan’s effectiveness. An example might be conducting a policy evaluation to determine whether or not desired effects materialized.

Learning Objective: 2.1 Identify and explain the steps involved in critical thinking.

Topic: Critical Thinking: Skills versus Disposition Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Contrast the macro- and micro-level theoretical orientations and tell which orientation is involved in each of the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Macro-level orientations are the top-down view, focusing on large-scale patterns of society.

2. Micro-level orientations are the bottom-up view, focusing on small-scale patterns of society, particularly on individual interactions in specific settings.

3. Macro-level examples include structural-functional and conflict.

4. Micro-level examples include symbolic interaction, family systems, and social exchange.

5. Perspectives that use both macro- and micro-level orientations include feminist, ecological, and family development.

Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: Theoretical Perspectives on the Family; Two Types of Theories: Macro-Level versus Micro-Level Orientations Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Contrast the family development and family systems perspectives.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The family development theory argues that the family’s dynamics depend on the stage in the family life cycle.

2. The family systems theory argues that the family is a system of interrelated parts. Any change in the family will affect all other members. All families have an equilibrium point that family members strive to maintain.

Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: The Family Systems Perspective: Family Members Are Interconnected & Changes in One Affect Others; The Family Development Perspective: Individuals & Families Change through Stages of Life Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Discuss criticisms of the social exchange perspective.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. This perspective focuses on careful evaluation of benefits and costs and the attempts by each person in a relationship to maximize his/her benefits and minimize his/her costs.

2. It has been criticized for assuming that people always act in rational ways.

3. It also has been faulted for stressing the individual and his/her needs over altruism and the needs of the family unit.

Learning Objective: 2.2 Discuss the eight key theoretical perspectives on the family and describe how macro- and micro-level orientations apply to the perspectives.

Topic: 5. The Social Exchange Perspective: Individuals Seek the Most Benefits & the Least Costs in a Relationship; Is Any Perspective Better Than Any Other?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Describe the circumstances under which survey research is appropriate and when observational research should be used.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Survey research can be used to gather statistical data from representative groups and the data can then be used to generalize to the larger population.

2. Surveys have specific data collection techniques to ensure reliability and validity.

Surveys can be administered by questionnaire or interview.

3. Observational research can be used to gather intimate information about a specific group within their natural setting.

4. Participant observation gathers data while interacting with that group. Nonparticipant observation gathers data without having to interact with the subjects. These data cannot be generalized to other populations.

Learning Objective: 2.3 Explain the five principal kinds of scientific research and the importance of objectivity.

Topic: Survey Research: Collecting Data by Questionnaire or Interview from Representative Samples; Observational Research: Observing People in Their Usual Surroundings Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 3: Gender: The Meanings of Masculinity & Femininity MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Traditionally, men play __________roles in the family.

A. dynamic B. instrumental C. expressive D. instructional Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: How to Talk about Gender: The Vocabulary Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. According to Talcott Parsons, women were expected to play the __________role of homemaker.

A. dominant B. expressive C. central D. subservient Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: How to Talk about Gender: The Vocabulary Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. The socially learned attitudes and behaviors associated with being male or female are called __________.

A. sex roles B. role behaviors C. gender roles D. expressive roles Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: How to Talk about Gender: The Vocabulary Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30 .

4. A person who “feels trapped in the opposite sex’s body” and has a sex change operation is a(n) __________.

A. transvestite B. hermaphrodite C. transsexual D. intersexed individual Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: How to Talk about Gender: The Vocabulary Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. A(n) __________is a person born with both male and female sex organs.

A. transvestite B. transgenderist C. intersexual D. transsexual Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: How to Talk about Gender: The Vocabulary Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. Michele Perez was born male and named “Michael Perez” at birth but now identifies as female. She is an example of a(n) __________ person.

A. transgender B. androgynous C. bisexual D. nonbinary Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: How to Talk about Gender: The Vocabulary Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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7. The type of sexual harassment that does not necessarily have economic consequences is__________.

A. quid pro quo B. tangible injury C. hostile environment D. misogyny Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: The Vocabulary of Sexism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8. A male-dominated society is called __________.

A. sexism B. patriarchal C. patrilineal D. matriarchal Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: The Vocabulary of Sexism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. The definition of sexual harassment is __________.

A. unjust discrimination based on a person’s sex B. the belief that one sex is innately superior to another C. the abuse of one’s position of authority to force unwanted sexual attention D. male domination and control of women in the workplace Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: The Vocabulary of Sexism Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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10. The #MeToo movement __________.

A. is an anti-discrimination group B. made sexual harassment difficult to define C. has led to changes in company policies D. has defined offensive behaviors Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: The Vocabulary of Sexism Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. According to __________, women seek mates who can support their children.

A. social learning theory B. cognitive development theory C. sociobiology D. gender schema theory Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: Sociobiology: Does Biology Determine Our Gender Differences?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. Noel argues that the biological underpinnings of individuals result in gender-based behavior.

He would most likely identify as a __________.

A. social learning theorist B. feminist C. critical theorist D. sociobiologist Answer: D Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: Sociobiology: Does Biology Determine Our Gender Differences?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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13. According to the social learning theory, learning occurs in what two ways?

A. reinforcement and modeling B. modeling and biological influences C. reinforcement and biological influences D. imitation and cognitive mental development Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: 2. Social Learning Theory: Does the Environment Determine Our Gender Differences?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. When little girls care for their baby dolls in response to how they observe their mothers caring for their infant siblings, it is an example of __________.

A. reinforcement B. modeling C. cognitive development D. inaccurate gender schemas Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: Social Learning Theory: Does the Environment Determine Our Gender Differences?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 15. __________theory suggests that a 2-year-old child and a 7-year-old child will process gender role information differently.

A. Gender schema B. Cognitive development C. Sociobiological D. Structural-functionalist Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: Cognitive Development Theory: Does Our Age Determine Our Gender Differences?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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16. When Simon realized that as a male he was supposed to be physically strong, he incorporated this into his __________.

A. gender schema B. sociobiological nature C. cognitive development D. modeling Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: Gender Schema Theory: Do We Develop Mental Categories for Organizing Our Gender Perceptions?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. According to __________theory, children develop a framework of knowledge about typical male and female behaviors.

A. gender schema B. gender socialization C. sociobiological D. modeling Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: Gender Schema Theory: Do We Develop Mental Categories for Organizing Our Gender Perceptions?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remembering the Facts 18. The idea that only women cry when watching sad movies is a __________.

A. gender stereotype B. socialization theory C. cultural expectation theory D. cognitive stereotype Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.2 Explain the four major theories of gender role socialization.

Topic: Gender Schema Theory: Do We Develop Mental Categories for Organizing Our Gender Perceptions?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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19. According to symbolic interactionists, which of the following would be a strong social agent influencing gender role behavior?

A. religion B. caretaker C. school teacher D. mass media Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: Gender Socialization: Who Teaches Us How to Act Male or Female?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Roberto feels very comfortable taking care of his little sister. He was most likely influenced by __________.

A. his parents B. his religion C. his ethnicity D. his friends Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Our Parents May Have Influenced Us Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 21. Which of the following is a way in which parents socialize their children into gendered roles?

A. using similar forms of punishment for sons and daughters B. providing gender-appropriate toys C. describing the same behaviors of boys and girls in similar ways D. giving a child a gender-neutral name Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Our Parents May Have Influenced Us Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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22. Which of the following groups teaches more independent roles to their daughters?

A. Catholics B. Hispanics C. African Americans D. Asians Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Our Parents May Have Influenced Us Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. In the United States, girls’ games emphasize __________.

A. competition B. cooperation C. rules D. organized roles Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: 2. How Our Peers May Have Influenced Us Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. Boys’ play tends to emphasize __________.

A. imagination B. teamwork C. competition D. aggressiveness Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Our Peers May Have Influenced Us Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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25. In school, teachers tend to __________.

A. call on girls more often B. discipline boys less harshly C. give boys more time to answer D. encourage girls and boys to play together Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Education May Have Influenced Us Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Which of the following occupations has the lowest concentration of female representation?

A. lawyers B. management positions C. registered nurses D. engineers Answer: D Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Work May Influence Us Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 27. Which of the following is a benefit of traditional gender roles?

A. Traditional gender roles are predictable.

B. Traditional gender roles tie self-worth to accomplishment.

C. Traditional gender roles increase self-esteem.

D. Traditional gender roles discourage job-related stress.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: The Benefits of Traditional Gender Roles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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28. Melissa exemplifies the “feminization of poverty” because __________.

A. as a married woman, she is more likely to be dependent on her husband B. as a single mother, she is more at risk for poverty C. as a divorced woman, she is no longer receiving child support D. as a working woman, she is more likely to fall into debt Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: The Drawbacks of Traditional Gender Roles Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. The median income for women in the United States reported in 2017 was approximately __________of men’s median income.

A. 63% B. 77% C. 82% D. 90% Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: The Drawbacks of Traditional Gender Roles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. Which of the following most contributed to the rise of feminism in the 1960s?

A. the birth control pill B. the Equal Rights Amendment C. the publication of The Feminine Mystique D. social justice Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: Changing Gender Roles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. __________feminism is concerned with achieving equal rights and opportunities for women.

A. Lesbian B. Liberal C. Radical D. Socialist Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: Changing Gender Roles Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. When women who work have trouble balancing the demands of family and work responsibilities, they experience __________.

A. role strain B. role conflict C. role expectations D. gender ambiguity Answer: B Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: Role Conflict, Androgyny, & Postgender Relationships Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Male–female couples who have abandoned the idea of gender as destiny are known as __________.

A. nonsexist

B. autonomous C. binary D. postgender

Answer: D Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: Role Conflict, Androgyny, & Postgender Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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34. A person who expresses the cultural characteristics of both males and females is A. intersexed B. transgendered C. androgynous D. gender asexual

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Answer: C Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: Role Conflict, Androgyny, & Postgender Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

35. Which of the theoretical perspectives on gender assumes that men and women are content concerning the status quo?

A. structural-functional B. conflict C. symbolic interaction D. sociobiological Answer: A Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: What Do You Want?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. Differentiate between sex and gender. Give an example of each.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Sex refers to the physical features a person is born with that determine his or her biological sex.

2. Gender refers to the cultural and societal norms that are taught to children regarding appropriate behaviors for their sex.

3. Examples of sex characteristics are primary (genitals and hormones) and secondary (breasts and facial hair).

4. Examples of gender include the clothing we wear and our body language.

Learning Objective: 3.1 Compare and contrast sex, sex roles, gender, and gender roles.

Topic: How to Talk about Gender: The Vocabulary Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. How do peers influence girls and boys differently? Give several examples.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Girls influence other girls to play with dolls and emphasize domesticity, nurturing, passivity, imagination, and emotional expression.

2. Girls often put down other girls for physical unattractiveness; intelligent girls are often teased by boys.

3. Boys expect other boys to play with action figures and emphasize logic, rulefollowing, competition, and aggressiveness.

4. Boys promote gender stereotypes by focusing on the attractiveness of girls and the toughness of boys.

Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Our Peers May Have Influenced Us Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Contrast occupations dominated by females with those dominated by males, listing several examples.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Females make up higher rates of childcare workers, receptionists, secretaries, registered nurses, bookkeepers, and elementary and middle school teachers.

2. Males make up higher rates of architects, construction workers, judges, politicians, and those in management, computer, military, and religious occupations.

3. As a person is growing up, his or her sense of gender roles might be influenced by which occupations seem to be dominated by females and which by males.

Learning Objective: 3.3 Identify and discuss the sources of gender role socialization.

Topic: How Work May Influence Us Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Identify and cite examples of the advantages and disadvantages that males and females experience when raised under traditional gender roles.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Benefits to males include higher income, less domestic work, and less marital stress.

2. Benefits to females include having one’s identity tied to relationships rather than work and having closer attachments with children.

3. Drawbacks for males include personal self-worth being tied to job position and income, job-related stress, and less time for family life.

4. Drawbacks for females include reduced income and career fulfillment, dependence on the spouse, prejudice based on attractiveness, and less personal self-worth.

Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization; and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: The Benefits of Traditional Gender Roles; The Drawbacks of Traditional Gender Roles Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Compare and contrast the men’s and women’s movements.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The women’s movement grew out of activism to abolish slavery. Feminism is the view that women should have the same economic, social, and political rights as men have.

2. There are several branches of feminism, including liberal feminism (concerned with equal rights), socialist feminism (rooted in Marxism), radical feminism (focusing on inequality rooted in patriarchy), lesbian feminism (focusing on oppression rooted in the dominance of heterosexuality), and conservative feminism (promoting a return to traditionalism).

3. The men’s movement has three major categories: profeminists (agrees with feminist women against patriarchy), antifeminists (conservative branch that views feminism as encouraging the downfall of the family), and masculinists (concerned with male attempts to achieve self-realization and self-expression).

Learning Objective: 3.4 Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of traditional gender role socialization and identify and explain the impact of social influences on gender roles.

Topic: Changing Gender Roles Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 4: Involvement: Dating, Pairing, & Courtship MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A __________ is an arranged marriage in which the couple first meets on their wedding day.

A. closed marriage B. open marriage C. forced marriage D. blind marriage Answer: D Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Courtship: From Parental Decisions to the Relationship Marketplace Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. __________is the payment of money or property by the bride’s family to the groom’s family.

A. Endowment B. Dowry C. Bestowment D. Bride price Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Courtship: From Parental Decisions to the Relationship Marketplace Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. Which of the following is a function of dating?

A. recreation B. connecting with old friends C. improving one’s sense of self D. rebellion against parents Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: The Functions of Dating Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts .

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4. Megan generally only dates people who are geographically close to where she lives. She is practicing __________.

A. homogamy B. heterogamy C. propinquity D. exogamy Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Is Dating a Filtering Process?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 5. Tyrell is committed to marrying someone who shares a similar race and class background. He is practicing __________.

A. endogamy B. exogamy C. propinquity D. homogamy Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Is Dating a Filtering Process?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 6. Exogamy is defined as the __________.

A. cultural expectation to marry someone from within one’s social group B. cultural expectation to marry someone from outside one’s family group C. geographical closeness of partners D. unique personality attributes that draw people toward one another Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Is Dating a Filtering Process?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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7. Which of the following characteristics demonstrates that Americans practice homogamy?

A. About 50% of Catholics marry outside their faith.

B. Interracial marriages are increasing.

C. Americans tend to marry partners within their own age range.

D. Women sometimes “marry up,” and men sometimes “marry down.”

Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Factors Affecting Availability: Race, Class, Age, Religion Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. The tendency to marry up with regard to age, social class, and occupational success is called __________.

A. heterogamy B. hypergamy C. hypogamy D. homogamy Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Factors Affecting Availability: Race, Class, Age, Religion Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. The tendency for women to marry upward with respect to age, education, and occupational success is known as __________.

A. the selection gradient B. the marriage gradient C. hypogamy D. homogamy Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Factors Affecting Availability: Race, Class, Age, Religion Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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10. In the three-stage filtering process model of dating, __________is the first stage.

A. values B. stimulus C. roles D. attachment Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Two Dating Models Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Which of the following is an example of an open field?

A. parties B. airports C. church groups D. friends’ homes Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Finding a Partner amid Masses of People Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. Settings most likely to involve social interaction are __________ fields.

A. open B. closed C. mixed D. interactive Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Finding a Partner amid Masses of People Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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13. The most recent study findings cited in the text indicate that most heterosexual Americans meet their partners __________.

A. online B. in bars or restaurants C. at work or school D. through friends Answer: D Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Traditional Means of Meeting People Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14. __________arrange introductions between prospective couples for a fee and are popular in India and Asia.

A. Marriage bureaus B. Mail-order bride services C. Video dating services D. Dating rings Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Traditional Means of Meeting People Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. Websites such as Facebook, Google, and Yahoo have lessened the anonymity of __________.

A. blind dates B. classified ads C. marriage bureaus D. mail-order brides Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Meeting Online Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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16. Which of the following has replaced the interactivity of classified ads?

A. online dating sites B. video dating services C. marriage bureaus D. mail-order brides Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Meeting Online Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Which of the following was ranked by the text as the most popular social networking website?

A. Match B. Reddit C. Facebook D. LinkedIn Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Meeting Online Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. Which of the following is an advantage of meeting someone on the Internet?

A. verbal communication B. highlighting personal attributes C. possible geographical distance D. variety of potential partners Answer: D Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Meeting Online Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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19. As of 2017, which of the following dating apps was highlighted in the text for embracing video?

A. Hinge B. Tinder C. OKCupid D. eHarmony Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Meeting Online Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. Which of the following is a safety technique to use in Internet dating?

A. meet in a private location B. ask for a photo C. discuss which college you went to D. share your address Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Meeting Online / Practical Action Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. A dating pattern in which people spend time with others in an unstructured group so there is less pressure is called __________.

A. hanging out B. hooking up C. speed dating D. blind dating Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: On Campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, & Joined at the Hip Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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22. Among the American middle class, traditional dating dominated through the __________.

A. 1950s B. 1960s C. 1970s D. 1980s Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: Traditional Courtship: From Dating to Engagement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. Which of the following is a purpose of engagements?

A. to publicly make a commitment B. to delay the wedding ceremony C. to control population D. to seem impressive to friends Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: Traditional Courtship: From Dating to Engagement Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. __________is a casual form of sexual interaction among college students.

A. Courtship B. Elopement C. Hooking up D. Being joined at the hip Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: On Campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, & Joined at the Hip Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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25. College students today engage in informal group dating __________.

A. traditional courtship B. hooking up C. hanging out D. being joined at the hip Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: On Campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, & Joined at the Hip Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. Tyler and Sam had a brief sexual encounter with one another. Others would call this interaction__________.

A. being joined at the hip B. hooking up C. hanging out D. pack dating Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: On Campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, & Joined at the Hip Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 27. Alecia and Max hang out together often and occasionally engage in a sexual encounter. They may identify their relationship as__________.

A. pack dating B. friends with benefits C. being joined at the hip D. being engaged Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: On Campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, & Joined at the Hip Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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28. Research demonstrates that __________ is strongly linked to college students engaging in a hookup.

A. alcohol consumption B. drug use C. poor academic performance D. feeling insecure Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior.

Topic: On Campus Today: Hanging Out, Hooking Up, & Joined at the Hip Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 29. According to research, __________are more likely to fall in love and __________ are more likely to fall out of love.

A. males; females B. females; males C. males; males D. females; females Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Breaking Up Is Hard to Do Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. A passive but constructive response to a deteriorating relationship is the __________ response.

A. voice B. exit C. neglect D. loyalty Answer: D Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Four Ways of Reacting to a Deteriorating Relationship Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. A young couple who abruptly breaks off a love relationship after only three months and subsequently develops a platonic relationship has engaged in which of the following responses to a deteriorating relationship?

A. neglect B. exit C. loyalty D. voice Answer: B Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Four Ways of Reacting to a Deteriorating Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 32. Which of the following statements best illustrates the voice response to deteriorating relationships?

A. “I just want this relationship to go away.”

B. “You and I should stay together, no matter what!”

C. “Let’s talk about how we can make our relationship better.”

D. “We should break up right now!”

Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Four Ways of Reacting to a Deteriorating Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 33. The most typical response of men to deteriorating long-term relationships is the __________response.

A. neglect B. voice C. exit D. loyalty Answer: A Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Four Ways of Reacting to a Deteriorating Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. Which of the following describes a situation in which a person obsessively seeks to regain the pleasurable state that existed within a former love relationship?

A. relationship addiction B. human addiction C. love addiction D. partner addiction Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Ending a Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Which of the following directions is helpful in the aftermath of a breakup?

A. Suppress the experience of pain.

B. Make a list of negative feelings.

C. Raise your self-esteem.

D. Think about your lost partner often.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Ending a Relationship Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. How have assertive females, workplace romances, and online meetings changed the rules of dating?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Women are increasingly bolder in initiating romantic and sexual activity.

2. Workplace romances are blossoming in the wake of longer work hours, more women in the labor force, and relaxed taboos.

3. Meeting online, such as through social networking sites and mobile dating apps, are now used to meet others rather than traditional avenues.

Introduction; Learning Objective 4.2: Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate; Learning Objective 4.3 Describe three different patterns of dating behavior Topic: Popular Culture, the Media, & Technology: Pairing Up: Finding and Choosing a Partner; Variations in Dating Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Compare and contrast the closed and open courtship systems.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. While both systems offer marital opportunities, in the closed courtship system, marriages are arranged to protect property and maintain family groups.

2. Examples of a closed system include blind marriage and arranged marriage, which may involve bride price and dowry.

3. In an open courtship system, individuals choose their own partners.

4. Dating emerged as a means of mate selection in the open courtship system.

5. Dating also provides many other functions for the individual (e.g., recreation, companionship).

Learning Objective: 4.1 Identify and discuss the major functions of dating and apply the concepts of closed and open courtship to your discussion.

Topic: Courtship: From Parental Decisions to the Relationship Marketplace Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online dating. Explain whether or not you believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Advantages include increased pool of partners, minimal investment of time, and knowing people for qualities other than physical attractiveness.

2. Disadvantages include dangers, lack of nonverbal communication, dishonesty, and the problems of long-distance relationships.

3. In addition to discussing the advantages and disadvantages, the student should assert a supported opinion concerning whether advantages of online dating outweigh disadvantages.

Learning Objective: 4.2 Define and illustrate what is meant by closed and open fields in finding a mate and explain how technology has influenced how people find a mate.

Topic: Meeting Online Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Describe scholar Caryl Rusbult’s four responses to a deteriorating relationship.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Neglect is a destructive reaction that tends to occur when a person is not much invested in the relationship.

2. The exit response is when one partner withdraws or threatens to withdraw from a relationship.

3. Loyalty consists of choosing to stay with one’s partner despite any problems but making no attempt to try to resolve them.

4. The voice response is the choice of people who value the relationship and who are invested in it but feel that it has problems that need to be discussed.

Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Four Ways of Reacting to a Deteriorating Relationship Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. How does technology make breaking up more complicated than it once may have been? Give examples.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Technology makes uncoupling more complicated due to the vast amounts of digital transactions that occur.

2. Examples include texts, emails, digital photos, instant messaging, and social networking sites.

Learning Objective: 4.4 Identify and discuss four ways one might react to a deteriorating relationship and the factors involved in ending a relationship.

Topic: Ending a Relationship Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 5: Love: The Many Faces MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Passionate love was found in almost __________of 166 societies studied.

A. 25 B. 50 C. 100 D. 150 Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. Sociologists define love as __________ .

A. passionate and all consuming B. many faceted C. need satisfaction D. caring, commitment, and intimacy Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3. When does romantic love tend to die?

A. three to six months into a relationship B. six to 30 months into a relationship C. three to four years into a relationship D. six to 10 years into a relationship Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

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4. The ancient Greeks and Romans viewed passionate love as a(n) __________.

A. idealized state B. dangerous illness C. precursor to arranged marriage D. better alternative to altruistic love Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. The Greeks called passionate love __________.

A. eros B. agape C. phileo D. ludus Answer: A Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. Romantic love grew out of beliefs of the __________.

A. ancient Greeks B. courtly traditions of Chinese royalty C. religions of India D. Middle Ages in Europe Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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7. Arranged marriages __________.

A. arose from a need to protect property B. were used to redistribute wealth and power C. are more stable than love-based marriages D. usually include an exchange of money Answer: A Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. Anthropologists indicate that romantic love __________.

A. is a universal or near-universal phenomenon B. can be maintained for the lifetime of a relationship C. is confined to the United States and Western culture D. shifted from having an economic basis to an emotional one Answer: A Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Romantic Love & Companionate Love Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9.__________ is sexual arousal, a physical state that can be distinguished from sexual desire, a psychological state.

A. Romantic love B. Love C. Lust D. Agape Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Romantic Love & Companionate Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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10.__________ is the basis for a strong love relationship.

A. Friendship B. Sexual desire C. Physical attraction D. Infatuation Answer: A Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Friendship & Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. How does the internet affect dating in the United States?

A. People tend to develop long-term, close relationships.

B. Many people misrepresent themselves online.

C. The internet prevents people from interacting in person.

D. Individuals dating online are more likely to “settle.”

Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Practical Action / Love on the Internet Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. Which of the following statements about same-sex love is correct?

A. Gay and lesbian relationships are more enduring and stable than heterosexual relationships.

B. Gay and lesbian relationships are centered on loving feelings.

C. Gay and lesbian relationships differ dramatically from heterosexual relationships.

D. Gay and lesbian couples perform stereotypical gender roles as they make love.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Same-Sex Love Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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13. Which of the following is a statement associated with biochemical theory?

A. Love is a byproduct of the need for attachment.

B. Love is a result of our hormonal origins.

C. Brain chemicals influence one’s sense of security.

D. Chemical euphoria is sustainable through antidepressants.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Biochemical Theory: “Love Is a Natural High” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. The brain chemical that causes feelings of euphoria and exhilaration when newly in love is called __________.

A. serotonin B. amphetamine C. phenylethylamine D. cortisol Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Biochemical Theory: “Love Is a Natural High” Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. Attachment theory argues which of the following statements?

A. Closeness with others matters, but less than other factors.

B. We only need attachment during our infancy.

C. Closeness with others is a survival need.

D. All people have the same attachment needs.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: 2. Attachment Theory: “Closeness Is a Survival Need” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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16. The first stage in the wheel theory of love is __________.

A. mutual dependency B. self-revelation C. intimacy need fulfillment D. rapport Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Wheel Theory: The Four Stages of Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Wheel theory was developed by which sociologist?

A. John Alan Lee B. Ira Reiss C. Robert Sternberg D. Martha McClintock Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: 3. Wheel Theory: The Four Stages of Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. In the __________ stage of the wheel theory of love, the sharing of pleasures, ideas, humor, and sexual desires takes place.

A. rapport B. mutual dependency C. intimacy need fulfillment D. self-revelation Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: 3. Wheel Theory: The Four Stages of Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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19. Which phase of the wheel theory allows couples to disclose personal feelings, hopes, fears, and ambitions?

A. intimacy need fulfillment B. rapport C. self-revelation D. mutual dependency Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: 3. Wheel Theory: The Four Stages of Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. Which part of the triangular theory of love allows couples to bond and give emotional support?

A. decision B. commitment C. passion D. intimacy Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Triangular Theory: Toward Consummate Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. According to the triangular theory of love, when both partners’ intimacy, passion, and commitment are of the same intensity, the partners are in __________ love.

A. platonic B. romantic C. consummate D. fatuous Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: 4. Triangular Theory: Toward Consummate Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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22. Foolish love—love without intimate involvement—is also called __________ love.

A. lustful B. companionate C. fatuous D. empty Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Triangular Theory: Toward Consummate Love Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. According to Lee’s six styles of love, __________is playful love.

A. agape B. ludus C. mania D. eros Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Styles of Love: Lee’s Six Kinds of Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. __________is an intensely passionate love in which people are inclined to believe in “love at first sight.”

A. Agape B. Eros C. Mania D. Ludus Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Styles of Love: Lee’s Six Kinds of Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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25. __________ is altruistic love.

A. Storge B. Agape C. Pragma D. Eros Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: 5. Styles of Love: Lee’s Six Kinds of Relationships Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Anna is suspicious of Tom’s fidelity just because he is laughing in a friendly way with his female co-worker. Anna is likely expressing __________.

A. unrequited love B. reactive jealousy C. suspicious jealousy D. manipulation Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy.

Topic: Jealousy: The Green-Eyed Monster Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply the Concepts 27. Which of the following statements concerning jealousy is correct?

A. Men are more likely to be jealous of their partners’ emotional involvement with someone else.

B. Women are more apt to be jealous when their partners are involved emotionally with someone else.

C. Men and women have similar reactions when jealous.

D. Jealous men are more likely to commit property crimes against their lovers.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy.

Topic: Jealousy: The Green-Eyed Monster Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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28. Mel learns about her partner’s past relationship with another person and immediately experiences __________.

A. reactive jealousy B. suspicious jealousy C. unrequited love D. manipulation Answer: A Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy. Topic: Jealousy: The Green-Eyed Monster Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 29. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Norms for passionate love exist in only a small number of societies.

B. Only men use stalking as a form of sexual harassment.

C. Cultures that have high values for property rights tend to have higher levels of jealousy.

D. Romantic love is an enduring and sustaining form of love.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy. Topic: Jealousy: The Green-Eyed Monster Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. One person expressing love to another only to have it not returned results in __________.

A. unrequited love B. a need to control the love object C. manipulation D. stalking Answer: A Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy. Topic: Unrequited Love: When Love Is Not Returned Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. Which of the following statements about unrequited love is correct?

A. Research revealed that up to 50% of those interviewed had experienced unrequited love.

B. People experience rejection because of their inability to commit to a relationship.

C. Personal appearance is rarely a reason for rejection in love.

D. It is upsetting for the rejecter as well as the one rejected.

Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy.

Topic: Unrequited Love: When Love Is Not Returned Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the concepts 32. Which of the following is an example of a controlling behavior in love?

A. jealousy B. disrespect C. rejection D. manipulation Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy.

Topic: Controlling: Trying to Control the Love Object Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Which of the following is an example of abuse in love relationships?

A. unrequited love B. anger C. jealousy D. insults Answer: D Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy.

Topic: Controlling: Trying to Control the Love Object Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. Malik and Tallah share a type of mature love, also known as __________ love.

A. romantic B. companionate C. fatuous D. unrequited Answer: B Learning Objective: 5.4 Identify the major characteristics of mature and immature love.

Topic: Immature versus Mature Love Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 35. The __________ theoretical perspective on love is likely to consider how love is socially constructed in a given context.

A. structural-functional B. conflict C. symbolic interactionist D. feminist Answer: C Learning Objective: 5.4 Identify the major characteristics of mature and immature love.

Topic: The Concept of Soul Mate Revisited Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. Discuss the history of romantic love.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: • Historically, romantic love was regarded as dangerous or foolish. Inheritance was to be guarded. Arranged marriages kept property and inheritance within certain groups.

• Romantic love appeared in 12th-century Europe in the courtly love tradition.

• As society modernized, more individualism arose, and the individual pursuit of romance became the norm.

Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Is Love All about Finding a Soul Mate? Romantic Love & Companionate Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Identify the similarities and differences between homosexual and heterosexual love and relationships.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Homosexual relationships are similar to heterosexual relationships in the experience of love, intimacy, and intensity.

2. Gay and lesbian partners cannot automatically slip into roles or tasks prescribed by gender.

3. During disagreements, same-sex couples tend to be less accusatory, less belligerent, and less domineering than heterosexual couples.

Learning Objective: 5.1 Compare and contrast how love was viewed by the ancient Greeks and Romans versus Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and discuss how these views apply to romantic and companionate love.

Topic: Same-Sex Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Identify the three parts of the triangular theory of love. Discuss the different combinations of love.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The three parts of this theory include intimacy (warmth and bonding), passion (romance and physical attraction), and decision/commitment (choice to stay in love).

2. The different combinations of love include liking (intimacy only), romantic love (intimacy with passion), infatuation (passion only), fatuous love (passion and commitment), empty love (commitment only), and companionate love (intimacy and commitment).

Learning Objective: 5.2 Identify and explain the five major theories of the origins of love and assess to what extent these theories relate to the six styles of love.

Topic: Triangular Theory: Toward Consummate Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Discuss how men and women respond to jealousy differently. Cite examples.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Men tend to be jealous about sex, women about intimacy.

2. Men tend to act out physically when they are jealous.

3. Women tend to suppress their anger and become depressed.

4. Women are more likely to do damage to property, such as vandalizing their partner’s car.

Learning Objective: 5.3 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of jealousy.

Topic: Jealousy: The Green-Eyed Monster Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 40. List and discuss the three characteristics of immature or passionate love.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Passionate thinking: Obsessively thinking about the object of your affection and being unable to think about other issues.

2. Passionate feeling: Being aroused by the other person and always wanting to be with him or her.

3. Passionate behavior: Becoming obsessed in studying the other’s behavior.

Learning Objective: 5.4 Identify the major characteristics of mature and immature love.

Topic: Immature versus Mature Love Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 6: Communication: Realizing Effective Intimacy MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Today, power in most American marriages is derived from __________ .

A. male authority B. egalitarianism C. the partners’ personalities D. traditional norms Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: Power & the Effects of Unequal Power Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. In her relationship, Kai has less power than Matthew. Which of the following is she likely to experience?

A. low self-esteem B. sense of protection C. passionate love D. high satisfaction Answer: A Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: Power & the Effects of Unequal Power Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 3. Which of the following is noted in the text as one of the most common sources of conflict for stepfamilies?

A. children’s anxiety B. discipline issues C. stepsibling rivalries D. child visitation Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: Power & the Effects of Unequal Power Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

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4. Power that stems from the belief that one partner has more knowledge than the other is called __________ power.

A. coercive B. reward C. expert D. legitimate Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: How Power Works: Some Possible Explanations Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. Roberto and Julia rotate driving responsibilities whenever they take the children to school.

This is an example of __________ power.

A. referent B. legitimate C. informational D. coercive Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: Power & the Effects of Unequal Power Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply the Concepts 6. __________ theory identifies education as a bargain-worthy item in a marriage.

A. Exchange B. Conflict C. Occupational D. Resource Answer: D Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: Power & the Effects of Unequal Power Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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7. A partner who is less interested in the relationship but has more power is explained by __________ .

A. needs B. unequal power C. the principle of least interest D. the resource theory Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: Power & the Effects of Unequal Power Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8. Which of following is the best example of passive-aggression?

A. blaming B. criticizing C. procrastination D. rejection Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Out of Intimacy, Conflict Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. Chandler hides many of the frustrations he feels until they eventually erupt. He is experiencing __________ .

A. scapegoating B. repressed anger C. passive-aggression D. the conflict taboo Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Out of Intimacy, Conflict Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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10. __________ occurs when one partner constantly belittles and denies the other partner’s needs and concerns.

A. Conflict taboo B. Scapegoating C. Gaslighting D. Passive-aggression Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Out of Intimacy, Conflict Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. Research indicates that for most couples, __________ is the major focus of conflict.

A. money B. sex C. child-rearing D. cheating Answer: A Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: What Do Couples Have Disagreements About?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild identifies the “second shift” as __________ .

A. working men equally sharing household chores B. working women performing more housework and childcare C. working couples agreeing on housework schedules D. working couples helping children with homework Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: What Do Couples Have Disagreements About? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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13. Researchers have found that __________ is so important to marital success, it is third only to faithfulness and good sex.

A. financial stability B. shared housework C. cooperation D. religion Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: What Do Couples Have Disagreements About?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Maria and José have a lot of arguments about money. Which of the following is likely to be a reason for these arguments?

A. Finances are related to power.

B. Maria earns more money than José.

C. José earns more money than Maria.

D. They are unhappy with their sex lives.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: What Do Couples Have Disagreements About?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 15. Having a happy sexual relationship is considered important for a successful marriage for __________ of surveyed couples.

A. 30% B. 55% C. 70% D. 95% Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: What Do Couples Have Disagreements About?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16. When one partner feels neglected by the other and thus embarks on a series of affairs, the partner who feels neglected is really engaging in conflict over the issue of __________ .

A. loyalty B. nurturance C. power D. privacy Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: What Do Couples Have Disagreements About? Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. Couples who view conflict as a battle to be won use the __________ style of conflict.

A. parallel B. avoiding C. competing D. accommodating Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: How People Handle Conflict Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. In the __________ style of conflict, one exhibits assertiveness and cooperation.

A. accommodating B. competing C. collaborating D. parallel Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: How People Handle Conflict Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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19. In the __________ style of conflict, a person is both unassertive and cooperative.

A. parallel B. accommodating C. compromising D. collaborating Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: How People Handle Conflict Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. The statement “If problems are ignored, they will eventually go away” is an example of the __________ style of conflict.

A. accommodating B. parallel C. compromising D. competing Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: How People Handle Conflict Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. The organization of marriage and family therapists created to promote saving relationships is called the __________ .

A. American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy B. Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills C. Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program D. National Registry of Marriage Friendly Therapists Answer: D Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Resolving Conflict: Five Rules for Fighting Fair & Preserving Your Relationship Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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22. Which licensed therapist is the only one who can prescribe medications?

A. clinical psychologist B. psychiatrist C. clinical social worker D. marital therapist Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Resolving Conflict: Five Rules for Fighting Fair & Preserving Your Relationship Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. Marital counseling that helps couples identify and break free of destructive emotions and build trust is called __________ .

A. behavioral therapy B. emotionally focused therapy C. insight-oriented therapy D. peer counseling Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Resolving Conflict: Five Rules for Fighting Fair & Preserving Your Relationship Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. The meaning of __________ varies significantly among cultures.

A. gazing B. smiling C. interpersonal space D. body movement Answer: A Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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25. __________ is considered the most intimate kind of nonverbal communication.

A. Gazing B. Smiling C. Touching D. Eye contact Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Men tend to engage in __________ .

A. report talk B. cooperative discussions C. intimate talk D. concrete discussions Answer: A Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 27. Women’s speech tends to be __________ .

A. status oriented B. report oriented C. personal D. cognitive Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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28. Research reveals that women tend to communicate __________ while men communicate __________ .

A. cooperatively; combatively B. verbally; nonverbally C. abstractly; concretely D. emotionally; cognitively Answer: D Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Gender Differences Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. __________ people are most likely to change the subject to avoid a fight.

A. Passive B. Constructive C. Reasonable D. Distracted Answer: D Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Barriers to Communication Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. John Gottman observed that the best predictor of marital success is __________.

A. how couples talk to each other B. what couples talk about C. how frequently couples communicate D. how much people fight Answer: A Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Barriers to Communication Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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31. Gottman identified __________ as a predictor of divorce.

A. insensitivity B. leveling C. confrontation D. contempt Answer: D Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Barriers to Communication Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. One study concluded that the combination of __________ and __________ was the most destructive form of marital conflict.

A. intimacy; hostility B. hostility; withdrawal C. stonewalling; placating D. distraction; defensiveness Answer: B Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Barriers to Communication Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Leveling means being __________ about how you feel.

A. conflicted B. transparent C. indirect D. resolute Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Barriers to Communication Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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34. Gottman found that couples in lasting marriages __________.

A. experience more positive feelings than negative ones B. withhold criticism of their partners C. embrace conflict and dissatisfaction D. communicate using different styles Answer: A Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Guide to Effective Communication Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 35. Which of the following is the best way to keep a marriage viable?

A. Communicate your feelings immediately.

B. Carefully explain your perspectives.

C. Build and maintain a friendship.

D. Believe that marriage offers sustained happiness.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Guide to Effective Communication Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. Compare and contrast Bertram Raven’s six types of power in a relationship.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Coercive power: based on fear that your partner will inflict punishment.

2. Reward power: based on belief that your agreement with your partner will elicit rewards from that partner.

3. Expert power: based on your opinion that your partner has specialized knowledge.

4. Legitimate power: based on your partner’s having the right to ask you and your having the duty to comply.

5. Referent power: based on your identifying with and admiring your spouse and receiving satisfaction by pleasing him or her.

6. Informational power: being persuaded by your partner that what he or she wants is in your best interests.

The discussion should also include points about similarities and differences among the types.

Learning Objective: 6.1 Discuss and illustrate the concept of power as it applies to intimate relationships.

Topic: How Power Works: Some Possible Explanations Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Discuss the positive and negative aspects of conflict in relationships.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Positive aspects of conflict include airing and clarifying differences; keeping small issues from manifesting into larger, unmanageable problems; improving the relationship by providing validation and building self-esteem.

2. Negative conflict reduces self-esteem and alienates partners. Negative conflict styles include repressed anger, passive-aggression, scapegoating, and gaslighting. The student should discuss these negative styles in detail.

Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Out of Intimacy, Conflict Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Discuss and contrast the five ways that people handle conflict as cited in the text. Which of these styles do you think is most helpful in solving conflict in relationships, and why?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Competing: You are assertive and uncooperative, viewing conflict as a war.

2. Parallel: You are unassertive and uncooperative; you deny there is a problem and hope it will disappear.

3. Accommodating: You are unassertive but cooperative; you take a passive stance.

4. Compromising: You are only somewhat assertive, but you are cooperative.

5. Collaborating: You have a great deal of concern about advancing your interests but also those of your partner.

Students should also assert which style they think is most helpful and support the opinion.

Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: How People Handle Conflict Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. List and describe the five rules for fair fighting.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Attack the problem, not the person.

2. Stick to the subject and use “I” statements to avoid attacking your partner.

3. Be sensitive to the time and place of your argument.

4. State what you want.

5. Listen and provide appropriate feedback.

Learning Objective: 6.2 Identify the major areas of relationship conflict and explain negative and positive approaches used in handling conflict.

Topic: Resolving Conflict: Five Rules for Fighting Fair & Preserving Your Relationship Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Identify and discuss the five types of nonverbal communication. How does body language help us understand our relationships, and how does our culture affect our nonverbal communication?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The five types of nonverbal communication are interpersonal space, eye contact, facial expressions, body movements and gestures, and touch.

2. Each of these can give indicators of the level of intimacy in a relationship.

3. Cultural and ethnic differences may determine how nonverbal communication is manifested. Different groups have different customs for eye contact, touch, interpersonal space, etc. Examples include the Arabic tendency for people to stand very close in their interpersonal communications. In the United States, it is expected that those who are speaking will maintain eye contact. In other cultures, that would be considered disrespectful. Prolonged eye contact among couples is expected and implies a high level of intimacy.

Learning Objective: 6.3 Define and explain nonverbal and verbal communication; and discuss positive and negative approaches to enhance communication.

Topic: Nonverbal Communication Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 7: Sexuality: Interpersonal Sexuality, Sexual Values, & Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The number-one reason students reported that caused them to agree to unwanted sexual activity was __________ .

A. altruism B. inexperience C. intoxication D. inducement Answer: D Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: When Sex Doesn’t Work Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2. According to Ira Reiss, __________ still prevails for women in many cultures.

A. permissiveness with affection B. permissiveness without affection C. the double standard D. abstinence Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Values Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3. Recreational sex is also known as __________ .

A. the double standard B. permissiveness with affection C. permissiveness without affection D. ISD Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Values Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

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4. David Knox’s research revealed college students were mostly __________ in their sexual beliefs.

A. relativistic B. hedonistic C. absolutist D. conservative Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Values Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. People who are religiously devout and tend to adhere to strict standards have been labeled __________ by David Knox.

A. absolutists B. relativists C. hedonists D. virgins Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Values Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. A woman’s virginity __________ .

A. can neither be proven nor disproven B. is determined by the presence of an intact hymen C. most often prevails until she is married D. is still considered important in Western culture Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Values Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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7. According to research, __________ of males and __________ of females in the United States have had intercourse by age 19.

A. 27%; 30% B. 41%; 63% C. 71%; 70% D. 90%; 50% Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Values Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8.__________ percent of teens say parents are most influential in their decisions about sex.

A. Twelve B. Thirty-eight C. Fifty-six D. Eighty-one Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: How We Learn about Sex Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. The more religious a person is, the less likely he or she is to engage in drinking, which affects one’s sexual behavior. This relationship is considered a(n) __________ .

A. direct influence B. indirect influence C. negative relationship D. positive relationship Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: How We Learn about Sex Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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10. Sudipta is a sexual conservative. She likely agrees with which of the following statements?

A. Sex is sacred.

B. Sex is natural and marriage is an acceptable option.

C. Comprehensive sex education is the best approach.

D. Virginity pledges have little effect.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: How We Learn about Sex Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 11. A __________ is a set of expectations as to how one should behave in sexual situations.

A. normative value B. sexual response C. sexual script D. sexual taboo Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Scripts Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12. As male-identified, Gabe has a sexual script that includes which of the following?

A. emphasis on orgasm B. expectation to be tender C. emphasis on intimacy D. expectation to be accommodating Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Scripts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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13. Women’s sexual scripts __________ .

A. emphasize physical attractiveness B. emphasize orgasm as the ultimate purpose of sex C. promote a high interest in sex D. promote confidence Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: Sexual Scripts Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. A 2016 survey revealed that approximately __________ of college students defined having oral sex as having sex with someone.

A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 60% Answer: D Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. A __________ is any mental image of any kind of sexual activity.

A. nocturnal orgasm B. sexual arousal C. sexual fantasy D. sexual dream Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16.__________is self-stimulation of the genitals for sexual pleasure.

A. Nocturnal orgasm B. Foreplay C. Masturbation D. Sexual fantasy Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Oral stimulation of a penis by a partner is called __________ .

A. cunnilingus B. fellatio C. foreplay D. masturbation Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. Oral stimulation of the female genitals is called __________ .

A. cunnilingus B. fellatio C. foreplay D. masturbation Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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19. Sexually sensitive areas of the body are called __________ zones.

A. arousal B. erogenous C. anorgasmic D. stimulation Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20.__________ is one of the riskiest activities for the transmission of HIV and other STDs. A. Cunnilingus B. Anal sex C. Vaginal sex D. Oral–genital sex Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. Bondage, dominance, and submission are all forms of __________ .

A. obscenity B. exhibitionism C. sadomasochism D. fetishism Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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22. A person known as a “peeping Tom” is likely engaging in__________.

A. exhibitionism B. fetishism C. sadomasochism D. voyeurism Answer: D Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply the Concepts 23. Lonnie derives sexual pleasure from black, high-heeled boots. This is an example of __________ .

A. fetishism B. voyeurism C. exhibitionism D. sadomasochism Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply the Concepts 24. A form of sexual behavior that involves having sexual contact with the dead is called __________ .

A. sadomasochism B. fetishism C. necrophilia D. voyeurism Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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25. The most frequent sexual complaint of married couples is that one or both suffers from __________ .

A. sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) B. sexual addiction C. one or more forms of atypical sexual expression D. inhibited sexual desire (ISD) Answer: D Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: Sexual Difficulties & What to Do about Them Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Which of the following is an STD? A. Lyme disease B. human papilloma virus C. Crohn’s disease D. Ehrlichia disease Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases & Infections Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Public health officials point out that every time you have sex with someone, you are in effect having sex with your partner’s previous sex partners of the last __________ .

A. 6 months B. 2 years C. 5 years D. 10 years Answer: D Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases & Infections Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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28. Which of the following STDs is reported in your text as growing at the highest rate in the United States?

A. syphilis B. chlamydia C. gonorrhea D. herpes Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: Sexually Transmitted Diseases & Infections Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. HIV/AIDS is the leading killer of __________ ages 25 to 44 in the United States.

A. African American men A. Hispanic women B. African American women C. Hispanic men Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. According to the Centers for Disease Control, __________ states have HIV criminal laws, requiring HIV-infected persons to disclose their status to their sexual partners.

A. 12 B. 24 C. 37 D. 43 Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. A person can be infected with HIV for as many as __________ years before AIDS symptoms begin to appear.

A. 2 B. 5 C. 7 D. 10 Answer: D Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32.__________ females had the highest increase in reported new AIDS diagnoses.

A. Heterosexual white B. Heterosexual black C. Heterosexual Hispanic D. Homosexual white Answer: B Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33.__________ percent of new HIV infections among men in 2016 were attributed to male-tomale sex.

A. Twenty-one B. Thirty-nine C. Sixty-seven D. Seventy-eight Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. Which theory views sexuality as the result of cultural definitions?

A. structural-functional B. symbolic interaction C. conflict D. family ecology Answer: C Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. With which of the following would a structural-functionalist agree?

A. The purpose of sexuality is for procreation.

B. One’s sexuality is related to society’s definition of gender.

C. There is no one definition of sexuality.

D. Double standards exist where men have more power.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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ESSAY 36. What sources teach young people about sex? Which of these have the most influence, and why?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Sources of influence include parents, peers, religion, sex education, sexual partners, and the media.

2. Peers were found to have the most influence. Information was exchanged freely without fear of shame or embarrassment.

3. Religious groups may or may not have a strong influence. The degree of religiosity as measured by church attendance has a strong influence on behavior.

4. Media can also influence behavior, by presenting role models and standards for behavior.

Learning Objective: 7.1 List and explain the major sources of sexual knowledge, and discuss their relationship to sexual values and scripts.

Topic: How We Learn about Sex Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Discuss two aspects of commercial sex and five types of atypical sexuality presented in the text.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Two major aspects of commercial sex include prostitution and pornography.

Pornography has increasingly become more mainstream and is widely available through the Internet as well as in movies in established hotels.

2. Prostitution is most often an occupation that prostitutes want to leave, and it is a source of great debate concerning its legalization.

3. Five types of atypical sexuality cited in the text include voyeurism, fetishism, exhibitionism, sadomasochism, and sexting. The majority of these are engaged in by men.

4. Voyeurism involves sexual excitement while secretly watching others undress or have sex. Fetishism is when a person has sexual arousal from a nonsexual object. Exhibitionism consists of exposing one’s private parts to an unsuspecting victim. Sadomasochism involves deriving sexual pleasure from giving or receiving pain. Sexting is sending nude or sexually explicit photos by cellphone.

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: The Different Kinds of Sexual Behavior Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It .

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38. Define and discuss sexual addiction. What is the cause of sexual addiction? How can it be treated?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Sexual addiction is a compulsive disorder that involves intense preoccupation with sex. Often the person is not satisfied with just one sexual partner.

2. Its causes can include emotional and physical abuse as a child.

3. Psychotherapy seems the best course to treat it; additionally, sex addicts may find support by joining organizations such as Sexaholics Anonymous or Sexual Addicts Anonymous.

Learning Objective: 7.2 Identify and explain the major forms of typical and atypical sexual expression.

Topic: Sexual Difficulties & What to Do about Them Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Discuss the incidence of HIV and AIDS cases in the United States. Who is at risk, and why?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The highest-risk groups for HIV/AIDS include men who have sex with men, men and women who inject drugs, and men and women having heterosexual contact.

2. African American females ages 25 to 44 are the highest at risk. More and more victims are female. Women of color are especially at risk.

3. Heterosexual teenagers, adults with multiple partners, and those who live in high-risk regions of the country are also at risk.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Discuss the micro view on human sexuality. Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. The micro view is seen in symbolic interaction theory, which holds that there is no one definition of sexuality; rather, it is created daily through interactions.

2. Cultural and subcultural differences result in a variety of sexual practices and beliefs. People develop their own definitions of femininity and masculinity, which affect their perceptions.

3. Definitions of sexuality are socially created and change over time.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Identify and discuss the major health risks associated with having sex.

Topic: HIV & AIDS: The Modern Scourge Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 8: Marriage: The Ultimate Commitment?

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. For the purposes of this chapter, marriage is defined in North America as __________.

A. only legal between a man and a woman B. a socially approved mating relationship in any state C. a civil union between any two consenting adults in any state D. a legal union between two people that unites them Answer: D Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: Why Do People Marry?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2. Demographers estimate that __________of Americans will marry at some point in their lives.

A. 35% B. 58% C. 80% D. 95% Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: Marriage: Going Out of Style?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. According to the text, which of the following is a positive reason for marriage?

A. economic security B. physical attractiveness C. companionship D. pregnancy Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: Why Individuals Get Married Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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4. Which of the following is a wrong reason for marriage?

A. physical attractiveness B. emotional security C. desire to be a parent D. happiness Answer: A Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: Why Individuals Get Married Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5. In 2017, __________of Americans polled said that more people of different races marrying each other is “a good thing for society.”

A. 19% B. 39% C. 53% D. 76% Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: Happiness, Marriage, & Race: The Interracial Experience Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. Which of the following is noted in the text as an expectation of marriage?

A. Couples will share all of their finances.

B. Couples will have children.

C. Couples are making a legal commitment.

D. Couples can easily dissolve the marriage.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: The Expectations People Have for Marriage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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7. When Julio and Marco decided to get married to one another, they most likely expected__________.

A. economic advancement B. tolerance and acceptance C.n egative pressure from society D. sexual exclusivity and permanence Answer: D Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: The Expectations People Have for Marriage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 8. With regard to marriage, permanence means that __________.

A. each partner promises to have sexual relations only with the other B. partners promise to stay together for the duration of their lives C. a legal, contractual commitment is made by partners D. partners promise to stay together as long as they both love each other

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Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: The Expectations People Have for Marriage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. Carlos and Martha, who were previously married, have children, and earn substantial salaries

would be advised to enter into a(n)__________.

A. covenant marriage contract B. postnuptial agreement C. engagement contract D. premarital agreement

Answer: D Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: The Expectations People Have for Marriage Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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10. A postnuptial agreement __________.

A. is worked out between partners who are already married to one another B. requires partners to seek religious counseling for divorce C. prohibits both parties from accepting an inheritance D. is determined before partners commit to marriage Answer: A Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: The Expectations People Have for Marriage Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. The start of a marriage involves __________.

A. an increase in partners’ independence B. identity bargaining C. less marital satisfaction D. a loss of status Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topic: Beginning Phase: Greatest Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 12. Melissa and Rob’s marital satisfaction is likely to __________when their children leave home.

A. increase B. decrease C. stay about the same D. increase initially and then decline Answer: A Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topic: Middle-Age Phase: More Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know .

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13. A couple like Ariana and Milo, who have four children aged 4-13, are likely to __________.

A. have the greatest marital satisfaction B. have less marital satisfaction C. have improved marital satisfaction D. have no marital satisfaction Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topic: Childrearing Phase: Less Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 14. Thomas, the first-born of four children, is getting married and leaving home. According to Duvall and Miller, his family is in the __________stage of childrearing.

A. marriage B. empty nest C. launching D. middle age Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topic: Childrearing Phase: Less Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. __________occurs when divorced adult children return home to live with their parents.

A. Empty-nest syndrome B. The boomerang effect C. A launching family D. The sandwich effect Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topic: Middle-Age Phase: More Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

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16. Which of the following characteristics can cause an increase in marital satisfaction in the middle-age years of marriage?

A. caring for a spouse’s health B. adult children moving in multiple times C. caring for elderly parents D. children leaving the home Answer: D Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topic: Middle-Age Phase: More Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Which of the following statements, according to the text, best applies to the middle-age phase of marriage?

A. Some mothers are likely to experience depression after the children have left home.

B. Marital satisfaction generally decreases.

C. When adult children return home multiple times, marital satisfaction generally increases.

D. The couple receives help with household chores.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topic: Middle-Age Phase: More Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. In conflict-habituated marriages, couples __________.

A. have ongoing tension and disagreement B. always seek to resolve their differences C. have high divorce rates D. have resigned themselves to the relationship Answer: A Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts .

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19. Alice and Heidi are a couple who started out intimate but now remain together largely out of a sense of duty; their marriage is __________.

A. conflict-habituated B. devitalized C. passive-congenial D. intrinsic Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 20. Tony and Mariah had always liked each other as friends and decided to get married because they owned a business together. They are in a(n) __________ marriage.

A. devitalized B. economic C. habituated D. passive-congenial Answer: D Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 21. Cuber and Harroff’s research found that only __________of marriages are vital.

A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 18% Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

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22. In intrinsic marriages, partners are more likely to__________.

A. be economically well off B. have higher marital satisfaction C. experience conflict and tension D. experience loneliness Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. A type of marriage in which the couple focuses on activities rather than emotion is __________.

A. passive-congenial B. conflict-habituated C. devitalized D. vital Answer: A Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. Which of the following is an intrinsic marriage?

A. congenial B. habituated C. total D. revitalized Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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25. Couples who work together and attempt to spend the most time together are in __________marriages.

A. vital B. covenant C. total D. open Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Five Types of Enduring Marriages: Cuber & Harroff’s Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. A marriage focused on equality and friendship is called a__________ marriage.

A. romantic B. rescue C. companionate D. traditional Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Four Types of “Good Marriages” & Their Built-In “Antimarriages”: Wallerstein & Blakeslee’s Research Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 27. Which of the following is the antimarriage of a traditional marriage?

A. The couple are so involved with each other they neglect their children.

B. The couple focuses only on past conflicts.

C. The couple can become too involved with their family and parent roles and neglect their relationship.

D. The couple can become too involved in their careers.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Four Types of “Good Marriages” & Their Built-In “Antimarriages”: Wallerstein & Blakeslee’s Research Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts .

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28. Marriages between partners who are similar in education, ethnicity, and social class are called __________.

A. heterogamous B. homogamous C. companionate D. egalitarian Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Good Marriages: What the Research Shows Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. Which of the following is an important characteristic of partners in successful marriages?

A. unique personality types B. different interests C. strong family ties on both sides D. both partners pursue equity Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Good Marriages: What the Research Shows Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. Shanice and Tyrone are black and grew up together in the same neighborhood. Their marriage is likely to be very strong because it is __________.

A. monogamous B. intrinsic C. homogamous D. congenial Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Good Marriages: What the Research Shows Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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31. Out of the following characteristics, which ranked the lowest as a factor for a couple’s marital happiness?

A. faithfulness B. adequate income C. having children D. sharing household chores Answer: C Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Good Marriages: What the Research Shows Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 32. What variable was cited as the most important for a successful marriage?

A. children B. faithfulness C. sharing household chores D. shared religious beliefs Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Good Marriages: What the Research Shows Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. Marital equity is defined as ___________.

A. equal status between the partners B. partners giving in proportion to what they receive C. even division of household chores D. both partners having similar-paying jobs Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Good Marriages: What the Research Shows Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. According to the text, marriages that allow partners to change over time are __________.

A. acquiescent B. flexible C. equitable D. resilient Answer: B Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Your Personal Journey to Marriage Success Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 35. Which theoretical perspective views marriage as an adaptation to social pressures?

A. conflict B. structural-functional C. social interaction D. feminist Answer: A Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Your Personal Journey to Marriage Success Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. Compare and contrast the positive and negative reasons for marriage cited in the text.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Research found that positive reasons Americans marry include: a. Emotional security: having a close emotional relationship b. Companionship: wanting to love and be loved by someone c. The desire to become a parent 2. Research found that negative reasons Americans marry include: a. Physical attractiveness or economic security b. Pressure from friends, family, or pregnancy c. Escape, rebellion, rebound, or rescue d. Entering the United States (green-card fraudulent marriage) Learning Objective: 8.1 Identify and discuss good and bad reasons for getting married.

Topic: Why Individuals Get Married Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Identify and discuss the changes in the beginning phase of the family life cycle. Next, consider what stages in childrearing are the most stressful for parents, and why.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. In the beginning phase of marriage, new roles and obligations are assumed. Identity bargaining occurs when partners adjust their expectations of the relationship.

2. There is a loss of independence, loss of single friends, expanding family roles, and a new division of labor in the new marital household.

3. Research indicates there is a decline in marital satisfaction during the childrearing years.

Children bring great joy but also cost a lot in terms of money, time, and physical energy.

4. The stages that are most stressful in childrearing are the preschool-age years and teenage years.

Learning Objective: 8.2 Summarize the four phases a marriage typically goes through and the adjustment a family may need to make.

Topics: Beginning Phase: Greatest Marital Satisfaction? / Childrearing Phase: Less Marital Satisfaction?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Discuss Wallerstein and Blakeslee’s four types of good marriages, along with each type’s built-in antimarriage.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. These marriages include the romantic marriage, which is filled with passion for the partner. The antimarriage is that partners are so preoccupied with each other that they neglect their children and the rest of the world.

2. The second type is the rescue marriage, which seeks to heal and provide comfort to each other. The antimarriage is that the relationship always allows the possibility for renewed strife because the partners were really focusing primarily on themselves.

3. The next type is the companionate marriage, in which couples base their marriages on equality and friendship. The antimarriage is that partners may begin to spend less time with each other, and their relationship might become more like that of a brother and sister.

4. Last is the traditional marriage, in which husband and wife fulfill traditional roles. The antimarriage is that spouses will become so involved in their roles and responsibilities that all they have in common in the end is their interest in the children.

Learning Objective: 8.3 Discuss good and enduring marriages with specific illustrations of each.

Topic: Four Types of “Good Marriages” & Their Built-In “Antimarriages”: Wallerstein & Blakeslee’s Research Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

39. What is a personal marriage agreement? What matters should couples seeking such an agreement consider?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. A personal marriage agreement is a written agreement negotiated between married couples in which partners specify how they will behave in aspects of the relationship— their preferences, obligations, and sharing of labor and tasks.

2. Among the matters these couples should consider are division of labor, how money will be managed, privacy needs, sexual preferences and frequency, relations with friends and relatives, religious practices, birth control and children, vacations, and renewal or renegotiation of marital agreements.

Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Your Personal Journey to Marriage Success Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It .

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40. Contrast how the symbolic interaction and structural-functional perspectives view marriage.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The symbolic interaction perspective states that people’s personal experiences help them create their own definition of marriage. People expect marriage to be a lifetime commitment or at least a form of socially acceptable serial monogamy. People’s personal experiences from their families of origin affect their views on marriage.

2. From the structural-functional perspective, marriage helps maintain stability in society, provides economic and emotional support for family members, and clearly defines sex/gender roles. Families of divorce and single-parent families are viewed as instances of family deterioration.

Learning Objective: 8.4 List and discuss characteristics of successful marriages.

Topic: Your Personal Journey to Marriage Success Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 9: Variations: Nonmarital Families & Households MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Transnational marriages __________.

A. do not involve children B. rarely last months or years C. are characteristic of many immigrant families D. are platonic marriages Answer: C Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: Different Ways of Living: Four Examples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2. Another name for dual-career couples living apart, often for economic reasons, is __________.

A. living-apart-together couples B. commuter marriage couples C. economic marriage couples D. skipped-income couples Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: Different Ways of Living: Four Examples Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. Ian and Aubry are raising their grandchildren. This is an example of a __________.

A. transgenerational marriage B. skipped-generation household C. elder household D. renewed marriage Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: Different Ways of Living: Four Examples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know .

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4. Samuel is an adult returning to live with his parents. He can best be described as a(n) __________.

A. member of the skipped generation B. millennial C. adolescent D. adultolescent Answer: D Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: Different Ways of Living: Four Examples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 5. The primary reason for adult never-married children to live with their parents is __________.

A. economic circumstances B. lifestyle choices C. divorce D. lack of childcare Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: Different Ways of Living: Four Examples Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6. The U.S. Census Bureau identifies a person who lives alone or with unrelated individuals as a __________.

A. nonfamily household B. lifestyle arrangement C. alternative family household D. skipped-generation household Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: New Family Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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7. From 1970 to 2012, the percentage of married with children in the United States dropped to just over __________.

A. 58% B. 41% C. 33% D. 19% Answer: D Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: New Family Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 8. The percentage of single adults living alone in the United States increased to __________by 2017.

A. 30% B. 35% C. 40% D. 45% Answer: D Learning Objective: 9.2 Discuss what trends influence heterosexual adults to not marry, some myths and realities about singles, and the different kinds of singles.

Topic: The World of Heterosexual Singles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 9. The median age of first marriage for women today is roughly __________.

A. 20 B. 23 C. 27 D. 30 Answer: C Learning Objective: 9.2 Discuss what trends influence heterosexual adults to not marry, some myths and realities about singles, and the different kinds of singles.

Topic: The World of Heterosexual Singles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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10. Carol is 30 and single, but mostly content and doing fun things. Some people may wrongly believe she __________.

A. is self-centered B. gravitates toward other singles C. has more free time to volunteer D. sometimes feels lonely Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.2 Discuss what trends influence heterosexual adults to not marry, some myths and realities about singles, and the different kinds of singles.

Topic: Myths & Realities about Singles Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Josie is single and wants to pursue her education and career before she settles down for marriage. She is a(n) __________single.

A. voluntary temporary B. voluntary stable C. involuntary temporary D. involuntary stable Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.2 Discuss what trends influence heterosexual adults to not marry, some myths and realities about singles, and the different kinds of singles.

Topic: Different Kinds of Singles Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. The __________single is an unattached single who dates people at random.

A. open-couple B. closed-couple C. committed D. free-floating Answer: D Learning Objective: 9.2 Discuss what trends influence heterosexual adults to not marry, some myths and realities about singles, and the different kinds of singles.

Topic: Different Kinds of Singles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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13. Kim and David are currently in a cohabiting relationship that is serving as a “trial marriage.”

They have a(n) __________relationship.

A. convenience B. testing C. emancipation D. Linus blanket Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.3 Explain why people become unmarried live-togethers and the experience of living together.

Topic: People Who Live Together: Why & Who Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 14. Which of the following stages of living together comes first?

A. nesting B. blending C. maintaining D. convening Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.3 Explain why people become unmarried live-togethers and the experience of living together.

Topic: The Experience of Living Together Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. Forty-nine percent of cohabiting couples will end their relationship within __________ years.

A. five B. seven C. 10 D. 15 Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.3 Explain why people become unmarried live-togethers and the experience of living together.

Topic: The Experience of Living Together Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of cohabitation, according to the text?

A. It is easier to dissolve than marriage.

B. Couples are less likely to stay and work out problems.

C. Couples can realistically learn about each other’s problems.

D. Partners can maintain their independence.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.3 Explain why people become unmarried live-togethers and the experience of living together.

Topic: The Experience of Living Together Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. Which of the following is an important issue to be included in a “cohabitation agreement”?

A. Is the relationship short term or long term?

B. What types of television do you like to watch?

C. Where do you like to travel?

D. What food do you like to eat?

Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.3 Explain why people become unmarried live-togethers and the experience of living together.

Topic: The Experience of Living Together Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Research by Alfred Kinsey suggests that __________.

A. sexual orientation may be along a continuum of behavior B. people are exclusively gay C. people are exclusively heterosexual D. 5% of American men were predominantly gay for at least three years Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Sexual Orientation: Being Heterosexual, Homosexual, Bisexual, Transgender, & Queer Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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19. The increase in Americans having same-sex sexual encounters is attributed to __________.

A. increasing educational attainment B. declining social sanctions against homosexuality C. increased urbanization and alienation in society D. reduction in heterosexual attraction Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Sexual Orientation: Being Heterosexual, Homosexual, Bisexual, Transgender, & Queer Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. Wang is in the second stage of acquiring a gay identity. He is likely to think __________.

A. “I’ll prove I’m not gay” B. “I know I’m gay, but which people should I tell?”

C. “I’m gay, but that’s not all I am” D. “Am I different?”

Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Acquiring a Gay Identity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 21. When children and adolescents suspect they are different in their sexual orientation, they are in the __________stage of acquiring a homosexual identity.

A. identity confusion B. sensitization C. commitment D. identity assumption Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Acquiring a Gay Identity Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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22. Anti-gay prejudice is known as __________.

A. heterosexism B. homophobia C. discrimination D. gay bashing Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Prejudice, Discrimination, & Violence against Gays Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. Homosexuals being denied employment opportunities on the basis of their sexual orientation is an example of __________.

A. gay bashing B. prejudice C. discrimination D. violence Answer: C Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Prejudice, Discrimination, & Violence against Gays Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. __________stated that prejudice is acted out in three stages: offensive language, discrimination, and violence.

A. Richard Troiden B. Alfred Kinsey C. Fritz Klein D. Gordon Allport Answer: D Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Prejudice, Discrimination, & Violence against Gays Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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25. Homosexual couples who described themselves as “happily married” are called __________couples.

A. closed B. open C. functional D. homogamous Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Couples Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Homosexual couples are characterized by __________.

A. more traditional roles B. more egalitarian roles C. strong support networks from their extended families D. openness in public Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Couples Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 27. Valerie and Stacy are in the relationship stage in which they combine their money and possessions and deepen the trust between them. This stage is called __________.

A. renewing B. blending C. releasing D. building Answer: C Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Commitments Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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28. In 2000, __________became the first state to recognize gay civil unions as almost identical to marriage.

A. Vermont B. Hawaii C. Maine D. Virginia Answer: A Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Commitments Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. __________became the first country to allow gay couples to marry with all the rights afforded straight couples.

A. Denmark B. Ireland C. The Netherlands D. New Zealand Answer: C Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Commitments Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. In 2002, the American Academy of Pediatrics endorsed the idea that __________.

A. legally sanctioned gay marriages will harm children B. it is better for children to have two parents, whether gay or not C. there are no differences in how gay or heterosexual parents raise their children D. children raised by heterosexual parents are more well-adjusted than those raised by homosexual parents Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Parents: The “Gayby Boom” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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31. When a woman is artificially inseminated on behalf of other people, she is serving as a(n) __________.

A. adoption facilitator B. surrogate mother C. sperm donor D. egg donor Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Parents: The “Gayby Boom” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. Researchers Stacey and Biblarz found that children raised by same-sex parents are __________.

A. less likely to explore homosexuality B. more empathetic toward others C. more confined by gender stereotypes D. less likely to be well-adjusted Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: How Are Children Affected by Having Gay Parents?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 33. Cohousing living arrangements include __________.

A. fraternity homes B. typical American family arrangements C. senior citizen communities D. individuals who live in McMansions Answer: C Learning Objective: 9.5 Explain communal living, group marriage, and open marriage.

Topic: Communes Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. __________is an arrangement in which committed couples exchange partners for recreational sex.

A. Polygamy B. Swinging C. Cooperative marriage D. Polygyny Answer: B Learning Objective: 9.5 Explain communal living, group marriage, and open marriage.

Topic: Open Marriages Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 35 Which theoretical perspective is likely to argue that greater diversity in family styles increases social stability?

A. conflict B. symbolic interaction C. structural-functional D. feminist Answer: C Learning Objective: 9.5 Explain communal living, group marriage, and open marriage.

Topic: Open Marriages Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts ESSAY 36. Describe living-apart-together and transnational marriages.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. In living-apart-together (LAT) marriages, couples willingly choose not to live together in order to maintain their independence, yet they remain committed to the marriage.

2. Transnational marriages are those in which one partner lives outside of the country.

Immigrants who come to the United States to work may live here several months or years before traveling back home to their families.

Learning Objective: 9.1 Describe some household structures that are alternatives to the traditional family.

Topic: Different Ways of Living: Four Examples Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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37. Contrast four myths of singles with their realities.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Myths: a. Singles are self-centered. b. They are financially better off. c. They are happier than married people. d. They do not want to marry.

2. Reality: a. Singles are more involved with friends and their communities than married people are. b. They are less financially secure than married couples, often because both spouses are employed. c. They are more likely to be lonely, depressed, anxious, and stressed than married people. d. Most expect to be single only for a short period of time.

Learning Objective: 9.2 Discuss what trends influence heterosexual adults to not marry, some myths and realities about singles, and the different kinds of singles.

Topic: Myths & Realities about Singles Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 38. Discuss the four reasons for cohabitating.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Linus blanket: One partner is highly insecure or dependent and prefers to have someone to be with, even if the relationship is not strong.

2. Emancipation: One or both partners enter into the relationship to express independence from their parents’ views of sexuality.

3. Convenience: Two partners get their needs fulfilled without benefit of a traditional marriage.

4. Testing: A couple lives together in a kind of marriage to find out whether marriage will work for them.

Learning Objective: 9.3 Explain why people become unmarried live-togethers and the experience of living together.

Topic: People Who Live Together: Why & Who Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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39. Compare and contrast homosexual couples and heterosexual couples. Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. There are similarities between homosexual and heterosexual couples. Both want close, stable relationships. They have the same concerns, including power and communication issues, in the relationship. The incidence of violence or battering tends to be the same.

2. There are also differences between gay and straight couples. Gay couples tend to be more egalitarian in their roles. They also often experience less support from family members.

Learning Objective: 9.4 Discuss what LGBTQ means, how a gay identity is acquired, the harm felt by LGBTQ people, types of same-sex couples, and the experience of same-sex parents.

Topic: Same-Sex Couples Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

40. Identify and discuss three examples of communal living.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. College living arrangements are a type of shared housing.

2. Elder living arrangements are a type of cohousing community where residents rent a unit of the whole.

3. Housing cooperatives involve residents sharing ownership and responsibility for the whole.

Learning Objective: 9.5 Explain communal living, group marriage, and open marriage.

Topic: Communes Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 10: Reproduction: Decisions about Having or Not Having Children MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The percentage of children in the United States under the age of 18 is__________.

A. increasing slowly B. decreasing C. increasing dramatically due to the baby boom D. remaining about the same Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Declining U.S. Birth Rate & Rise of Different Motherhood Groups Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2. Mario and Jenae are pleasantly surprised upon learning they are pregnant. They are __________ partners.

A. planner B. ambivalent C. yes–no D. acceptance-of-fate Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: How Would You React If You Suddenly Learned That You’ll Be a Parent?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 3. Which of the following coincides with the statement “We didn’t really want a baby, but we’ll go ahead with it”?

A. acceptance-of-fate partners B. ambivalent partners C. yes–no partners D. planner partners

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Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: How Would You React If You Suddenly Learned That You’ll Be a Parent?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4. A marriage that is voluntarily without children is called __________ .

A. childless B. child-free C. postponed D. pronatalist Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Choices: Child-Free, Postponing Children, One Child, or Many Children?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. Child-free couples often __________ .

A. feel positively stereotyped by society B. are less satisfied with their relationship compared with couples with children C. feel pronatalist pressures from their parents D. have lower levels of education than couples with children Answer: C Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Choices: Child-Free, Postponing Children, One Child, or Many Children?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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6. Emily and Eric are child-free and they often experience pronatalist pressures. These pressures __________ .

A. support their decision to be child-free B. encourage them to have children C. encourage them to get married D. take having children for granted Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Choices: Child-Free, Postponing Children, One Child, or Many Children?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 7. The average age of first-time mothers in 2016 increased to __________ .

A. 21.4 B. 23.6 C. 26.6 D. 27.2 Answer: C Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Choices: Child-Free, Postponing Children, One Child, or Many Children?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. Among women ages 40–44, fertility rates are __________ .

A. growing for women with advanced degrees B. decreasing for women with advanced degrees C. relatively constant among both low- and high-income women D. the same for low- and high-income women Answer: A Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: What Influences People to Have Children?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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9. The cost to raise a child to age 18, excluding college, for a middle-income family is approximately __________ .

A. $50,000 B. $120,000 C. $175,000 D. $235,000 Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Costs of Raising Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 10. The loss of wages that parents sacrifice to raise children is called __________ .

A. opportunity costs B. opportunity rewards C. anti-natalism D. pronatalism Answer: A Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Costs of Raising Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. In 2018, Salary.com determined that the time mothers spend performing 10 typical job functions as a stay-at-home mother would equate to an annual salary of __________ .

A. $34,831 B. $56,712 C. $138,905 D. $162,581 Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Costs of Raising Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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12. Benjamin and Kayla are raising their child in the most expensive region in the United States.

They live in the __________ .

A. South B. Northeast C. West D. Midwest Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Costs of Raising Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 13. The best contraceptive method for sexually active people not in a monogamous relationship is __________ .

A. birth-control pills B. condoms C. the “morning-after” pill D. vaginal sponges Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.2 Explain the abstinence controversy and discuss five categories of birthcontrol choices.

Topic: Contraception: Practical Methods of Birth Control Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Research on abstinence-only education revealed that those who were taught abstinence-only compared with those who did not receive abstinence-only training __________.

A. had a much later date of first intercourse B. had similar rates of first intercourse C. had a slightly earlier date of first intercourse D. married at earlier ages Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.2 Explain the abstinence controversy and discuss five categories of birthcontrol choices.

Topic: The Abstinence Controversy: Bad Science at Work?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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15. Liam and Carolyn are using the least effective method of contraception. They are likely relying on __________ .

A. condoms B. a diaphragm C. birth-control pills D. douching Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.2 Explain the abstinence controversy and discuss five categories of birthcontrol choices.

Topic: Contraceptive Choices Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 16. Fertility awareness–based methods include which of the following?

A. BBT B. emergency contraception C. diaphragms D. hormonal pills Answer: A Learning Objective: 10.2 Explain the abstinence controversy and discuss five categories of birthcontrol choices.

Topic: Five Categories of Contraception Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Which of the following is a barrier method of birth control?

A. cervical mucus method B. spermicide C. birth-control pills D. tubal ligation Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.2 Explain the abstinence controversy and discuss five categories of birthcontrol choices.

Topic: Five Categories of Contraception Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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18. About __________ of all pregnancies end in miscarriage.

A. 10% B. 20% C. 33% D. 42% Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Abortions: Spontaneous versus Induced Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 19. Of the unplanned pregnancies in the United States, what percentage are terminated by induced abortion?

A. 25% B. 40% C. 52% D. 63% Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Abortions: Spontaneous versus Induced Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. An “enjoined” abortion law means the law __________ .

A. encourages abortion B. discourages abortion C. is neutral on abortion D. is prohibited by the state court Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Abortion, Psychological Health, & Moral Issues Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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21. In 2018, Gallop found that Americans are __________ pro-choice and __________ pro-life.

A. 30%; 60% B. 35%; 55% C. 40%; 50% D. 48%; 48% Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Abortion, Psychological Health, & Moral Issues Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 22. Safe haven laws __________ .

A. are an old European custom B. were first enacted in Louisiana C. exist in every U.S. state D. exist in 40 U.S. states Answer: C Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Safe Havens for Placing Abandoned Babies Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. Laws that allow a person to anonymously leave a newborn at a hospital, police station, or other designated place without fear of prosecution are called __________ laws.

A. neonatal B. neonaticide C. safe haven D. failure to parent Answer: C Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Safe Havens for Placing Abandoned Babies Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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24. In spite of his protests, Sam’s girlfriend abandoned his baby because she felt she had no other choice. However, as a father, Sam felt the safe-haven law __________ .

A. encouraged abandonment B. discouraged abortion C. discouraged counseling D. compromised his parental rights Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Safe Havens for Placing Abandoned Babies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 25. According to one study, the majority of sexually active couples seeking to have a baby conceive within __________ months.

A. two B. six C. 24 D. 36 Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Infertility, Reproductive Technology, & Adoption Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Jess and Kyle were starting to be concerned about having fertility problems, because they had been trying to have a baby for over__________.

A. 3 months B. 4 months C. 6 months D. 1 year Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Infertility, Reproductive Technology, & Adoption Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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27. Approximately __________ of married women 15–44 years of age in the United States are unable to get pregnant after one year of unprotected sex.

A. 6% B. 13% C. 21% D. 28% Answer: A Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Infertility, Reproductive Technology, & Adoption Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 28. The condition in which cells from the lining of the uterus grow in the abdominal cavity is called __________ .

A. ovarian blockage B. chorionic gonadotropin C. GIFT D. endometriosis Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: The Causes of Infertility Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. Artificial insemination is an example of a(n) __________ .

A. failure to ovulate B. fertility-planning method C. abnormality in the uterus D. assisted reproductive technology Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Treating Infertility: Assisted Reproductive Technology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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30. The technique used when the father’s sperm and the mother’s egg are fertilized in a laboratory dish and then placed in the mother’s uterus is called __________ .

A. gamete intrafallopian transfer B. embryo transfer C. surrogacy D. in vitro fertilization Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Treating Infertility: Assisted Reproductive Technology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 31. Charlotte has consented to be inseminated and carry another couple’s child. This process is called __________ .

A. gamete intrafallopian transfer B. in vitro fertilization C. zygote transfer D. surrogacy Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Treating Infertility: Assisted Reproductive Technology Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 32. The sperm of a male with an infertile partner is placed in another woman’s uterus during ovulation. The fertilized embryo is transplanted five days later into the uterus of the infertile woman, who carries the baby to term. This process is called __________ .

A. embryo transfer B. surrogacy C. GIFT D. ZIFT

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Answer: A Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Treating Infertility: Assisted Reproductive Technology Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. Private adoption is also called a(n) __________ adoption.

A. closed B. open C. semi-open D. independent Answer: D Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Adoption Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 34. In 2017, __________ made up the largest percentage of children in foster care in the United States.

A. Blacks B. Non-Hispanic whites C. Hispanics D. Asians Answer: B Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Adoption Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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35. A symbolic interactionist would likely contend which of the following?

A. Reproduction meanings vary depending on the meaning of gender roles.

B. Sex education reflects competition for scarce resources.

C. Social institutions, such as the family and government, cannot agree on whether sex education should be taught.

D. Reproduction is central to the order of society.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Adoption Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts ESSAY 36. Discuss the pattern of childless and/or child-free couples today. Be sure to define each of these concepts and address social patterns regarding these groups, such as who is most likely to be without children.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Both are couples without children. However, child-free marriages are voluntarily without children, while childless marriages are involuntarily without children.

2. Childless couples are more likely to be college educated and career oriented.

These couples usually have more discretionary income to spend on themselves.

3. White women are the most likely not to have their own biological children.

4. Americans are less willing to criticize people who do not have children today than they were throughout history.

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Choices: Child-Free, Postponing Children, One Child, or Many Children?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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37. Debate the costs and rewards of raising children.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The costs of raising children are economic, physical, and emotional.

2. It is estimated that the cost of raising a middle-income child to the age of 18 is $230,000 or more. The loss of wages to devote time to raising children is called opportunity costs.

3. Children consume a considerable amount of time and energy. Exhaustion, anxiety, and stress are common complaints of parents.

4. The rewards of raising children are intrinsic. Children bring great joy and pride to parents. Children continue the family legacy and can provide comfort to their parents in their old age.

Learning Objective: 10.1 Describe the options for having or not having children and what influences people about having children.

Topic: The Costs of Raising Children Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 38. Define and describe safe haven laws and their history. Compare and contrast the arguments for and against safe haven laws.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Safe haven laws are abandoned-baby laws that protect the mother who abandons her newborn at a designated place such as a hospital or police station.

2. These laws protect babies from abandonment in dangerous situations. They reflect a centuries-old European tradition. The first such law in the United States was enacted in Texas in 1999. Safe haven laws attempt to reduce neonaticide, the murdering of babies within 24 hours of their birth.

3. Both conservative and liberal groups endorse these laws, which may be responsible for a decline in the number of babies illegally abandoned and found dead. However, some argue that these laws actually induce abandonment, deprive biological fathers of their legal rights to care for their offspring, and ensure that the children who are abandoned can never learn their medical or genealogical histories.

Learning Objective: 10.3 Discuss spontaneous versus induced abortion, some mental health and moral issues associated with abortion, and the phenomenon of safe havens for abandoned babies.

Topic: Safe Havens for Placing Abandoned Babies Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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39. Contrast public and private adoptions.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Public adoptions are those that are arranged through licensed agencies that place children (who have often been in foster care) in adoptive families.

2. Private or independent adoptions are those that are arranged directly between birth mother and adoptive parent(s).

3. The two types can be contrasted concerning length of time required, screening processes, cost, and tendency toward corruption.

4. Concerning time, public adoptions can take a long time, up to seven years, while private adoptions are usually much quicker.

5. Regarding screening processes, public adoption agencies may resort to screening based on marital status, age, income, and other standards.

6. As far as cost is concerned, private adoptions can be thousands of dollars more expensive than private adoptions.

7. Concerning corruption, private international adoptions can involve exploitation, corruption, fraud, and baby selling.

Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Adoption Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Contrast structural-functional, conflict, and symbolic interaction perspectives on reproduction.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Structural-functional theorists view reproduction as central to the order and stability of society, which cannot exist without replacing its members. Society attempts to regulate sexual activity and reproduction to help maintain family ties and legal, health, and property rights.

2. Conflict theorists view women as being held primarily responsible for controlling reproduction, as most birth-control technology is for women’s use.

The politics of sex and reproductive technology favor men over women, according to conflict theorists. Additionally, they point out that poorer women have less opportunity to employ reproductive technologies. Conflict theorists say that sex education reflects a competition for scarce resources, whereby poorer schools cannot provide adequate information for their students, and disagreement exists among major social institutions concerning sex education curriculum.

3. Symbolic interactionists say that reproduction has different meanings—day-today interactions create meaning and cultural values regarding having children.

They also say that interactions with peers, family, and friends along with one’s socialization affect decisions concerning reproduction.

Learning Objective: 10.4 Describe the causes of infertility, options for treating it, and various types and sources of adoption.

Topic: Adoption Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 11: Parenting: Children, Families, & Generations

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of these countries has among the worst four overall scores for children’s well-being?

A. Netherlands B. Sweden C. Switzerland D. United States Answer: D Learning Objective: 11.1 Discuss the status of U.S. children, and describe their infant-mortality, low-birth-weight, and poverty rates.

Topic: The Health & Economic Status of Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 2. The United States ranks __________ compared with other industrial nations in infantmortality rates.

A. second B. 15th C. 35th D. 55th Answer: D Learning Objective: 11.1 Discuss the status of U.S. children, and describe their infant-mortality, low-birth-weight, and poverty rates.

Topic: The Health & Economic Status of Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. The criterion used for identifying low infant birthweight is approximately __________ pounds.

A. 5.5 B. 6.5 C. 7.5 D. 8.5

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Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.1 Discuss the status of U.S. children, and describe their infant- mortality, low-birth-weight, and poverty rates.

Topic: The Health & Economic Status of Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 4. The child poverty rate for African American children in the United States today is__________.

A. 12% B. 24% C. 42% D. 64% Answer: D Learning Objective: 11.1 Discuss the status of U.S. children, and describe their infant-mortality, low-birth-weight, and poverty rates.

Topic: The Health & Economic Status of Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. Premature births in the United States __________ .

A. make up 15% of births B. have decreased since 1990 C. are linked to increased C-sections D. are most likely for Asian American children Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.1 Discuss the status of U.S. children, and describe their infant- mortality, low-birth-weight, and poverty rates.

Topic: The Health & Economic Status of Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 6. What percentage of American women had minimal or no prenatal care in 2016?

A. 2% B. 7% C. 11% D. 15% Answer: D Learning Objective: 11.1 Discuss the status of U.S. children, and describe their infant-mortality, low-birth-weight, and poverty rates.

Topic: The Health & Economic Status of Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

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7. Which of the following is true about the teen pregnancy rate in the United States?

A. The teen pregnancy rate has risen steadily since the 1960s.

B. The United States has one of the lowest teen pregnancy rates in the developed world.

C. The teen pregnancy rate has steadily declined since the 1960s.

D. The United States has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the developed world.

Answer: D Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Young Parents: Teen Pregnancies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. Research on teen pregnancy shows which of the following?

A. Teenage mothers have a lower possibility of going on welfare than older mothers.

B. Teenage girls become pregnant because they were already poor.

C. Teenage pregnancy does not affect one’s economic outcomes.

D. Most teen mothers are able to overcome poverty.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Young Parents: Teen Pregnancies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. Alex is a child of a teen mother. He is __________ .

A. at high risk for failing in school B. at low risk for substance abuse C. unlikely to have problems with the law D. unlikely to be a teen parent Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Young Parents: Teen Pregnancies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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10. Daughters of teenage unwed mothers are __________ more likely to become teenage mothers themselves.

A. 12% B. 22% C. 50% D. 68% Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Young Parents: Teen Pregnancies Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Jolee and William were recently married, and it is the first marriage for both of them. The probability of their marriage ending in separation or divorce within the first five years is __________ .

A. 3% B. 20% C. 40% D. 60% Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Single Parents: Unmarried & Divorced Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. The number of households in the United States headed by single mothers has changed from __________ million in 1980 to nearly __________ million in 2018.

A. 1.3; 4.5 B. 7.1; 2.1 C.5 .4; 15 D. 10.2; 25.1 Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Single Parents: Unmarried & Divorced Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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13. Upper-middle-class African American families __________ .

A. have difficulties finding nannies because of racial stereotypes B. are unlikely to homeschool C. would only employ white nannies D. do not experience racism because of their class position Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Minority Parents Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. In __________ of same-sex male couples, one of the partners becomes a stay-at-home parent.

A. 5% B. 17% C. 26% D. 40% Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Nontraditional Parents: Single Fathers, Relatives, & LGBTs Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. What percentage of middle-class family income is spent on childcare?

A. 7% B. 10% C. 18% D. 23% Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Working Parents Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16. What percentage of lower-class family income is spent on childcare?

A. 5% B. 10% C. 18% D. 30% Answer: D Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Working Parents Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Latchkey children in the United States __________ .

A. are often abused by their parents B. participate in childcare at their parents’ work C. are usually elementary school aged D. make up one in four of the child population Answer: D Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Working Parents Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Toxic parents __________ .

A. consistently act in negative ways toward their children B. occasionally lose their temper C. show their children love D. used to be transcenders as children Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Your Own Background: Functional or Dysfunctional Parents?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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19. Children who grow up without negative effects in spite of an abusive childhood are called __________ .

A. transcenders B. dysfunctionals C. adaptors D. reinforcers Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Your Own Background: Functional or Dysfunctional Parents?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that __________ .

A. limits should be set on screen time for children B. babies are not affected by television viewing C. children under the age of 4 should not watch any television D. children ages 2 to 6 can safely view up to four hours of television per day Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: A Sense of Perspective: Parents Aren’t the Only Influences on Their Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. Laney is pregnant and experiencing “quickening.” She is at what stage of pregnancy?

A. first trimester B. second trimester C. third trimester D. delivery Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.3 Explain some adjustments people must make to pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting.

Topic: Adjusting to Pregnancy & Childbirth Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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22. Men who experience the same physical symptoms as their pregnant wives have a condition known as __________ .

A. bonding B. sympathetic sickness C. couvade D. postpartum depression Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.3 Explain some adjustments people must make to pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting.

Topic: Adjusting to Pregnancy & Childbirth Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. Severe persistent symptoms of sadness after delivery are called __________ .

A. postpartum blues B. postpartum depression C. couvade D. bonding Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.3 Explain some adjustments people must make to pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting.

Topic: Adjusting to Pregnancy & Childbirth Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. According to C. G. Coll, an important factor to reduce stress for mothers with infants is to __________ .

A. recognize motherhood as a life transition that she will adjust to B. mobilize her social support network of family and friends C. ignore her feelings; eventually, they will go away D. put her child in daycare Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.3 Explain some adjustments people must make to pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting.

Topic: Adjusting to Pregnancy & Childbirth Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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25. Soma uses an authoritarian childrearing style, which __________ .

A. is characterized by lax rules and regulations B. has strict rules for behavior, yet is warm and supportive C. is strict and controlling and expects conformity D. is abusive and criminal Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.4 Outline three approaches to parenting and five parenting styles, and explain how to be an effective parent.

Topic: Three Parenting Approaches Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 26. __________ parents tend to be more permissive in their childrearing style.

A. Same-sex B. Middle-class C. Working-class D. Heterosexual Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.4 Outline three approaches to parenting and five parenting styles, and explain how to be an effective parent.

Topic: Three Parenting Approaches Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Camden and Eileen practice a __________ parenting style that lets the child dictate what he wants, when he wants it. It is not surprising that their son is spoiled and self-centered.

A. martyr B. pal C. teacher/counselor D. coach Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.4 Outline three approaches to parenting and five parenting styles, and explain how to be an effective parent.

Topic: Five Parenting Styles Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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28. The __________ style of childrearing allows the child to demonstrate creativity and curiosity in new situations, and tends to use positive reinforcement rather than punishment.

A. authoritative B. authoritarian C. permissive D. police officer Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.4 Outline three approaches to parenting and five parenting styles, and explain how to be an effective parent.

Topic: Three Parenting Approaches Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. E. E. LeMasters and John DeFrain identified which of the following as the best, most effective parenting style?

A. pal B. athletic coach C. teacher/counselor D. police officer Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.4 Outline three approaches to parenting and five parenting styles, and explain how to be an effective parent.

Topic: Five Parenting Styles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. Middle-aged couples often find themselves raising their children and caring for their elderly parents. This group is called the __________ .

A. baby boom generation B. aging boomers C. sandwich generation D. elder caregivers Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.5 Discuss older adults and role reversal, grandparenthood, and the childless older adult.

Topic: Parental Transitions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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31. Ruth, a grandmother, is likely to play which of the following roles?

A. chauffeur B. learner C. historian D. farmer Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.5 Discuss older adults and role reversal, grandparenthood, and the childless older adults.

Topic: Grandparenthood Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 32. According to Neugarten and Weinstein, the grandparent who assumes the childcare responsibilities for their grandchild fits the __________ type of grandparent role.

A. formal B. surrogate parent C. distant figure D. reservoir of family wisdom Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.5 Discuss older adults and role reversal, grandparenthood, and the childless older adults.

Topic: Grandparenthood Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. Which of the following is true about the relationship between grandparental influences and race and ethnicity?

A. Whites tend to have the strongest intergenerational relationships.

B. Asian American grandparents tend to be very involved in the lives of their grandchildren.

C. Race and ethnicity seem to have no effect on grandparenting styles.

D. Whites are likely to be grandparents at a young age.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 11.5 Discuss older adults and role reversal, grandparenthood, and the childless older adults.

Topic: Grandparenthood Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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34. Older adults who are childless or child-free must __________ .

A. set up support networks as they age B. worry about having children to take care of them in the future C. accept that they will likely die alone D. deal with a lot of depression Answer: A Learning Objective: 11.5 Discuss older adults and role reversal, grandparenthood, and the childless older adults.

Topic: The Childless or Child-Free Older Adult Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 35. A symbolic interactionist is likely to agree with which of the following statements about parenting?

A. Parenting creates stability in society by regulating sexual activity.

B. Gender role socialization results in mothers doing the majority of the parenting.

C. There is no consensus on what is best regarding parenting style.

D. Poorer families have less access to resources such as nannies and daycare.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 11.5 Discuss older adults and role reversal, grandparenthood, and the childless older adults.

Topic: The Childless or Child-Free Older Adult Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understanding the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. What are the reasons for the high rate of poverty and problems for America’s children?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The number-one reason for child suffering in the United States is economics.

2. Women raising children without partners usually do not receive child support.

3. Children spend time in inadequate daycare situations. Working parent(s) have less time to spend with their children to supervise and help with homework.

4. Eight percent of America’s children have no healthcare coverage.

5. These children are more at risk for out-of-wedlock pregnancies, early marriage, dropping out of school, substance abuse, and criminal behaviors. These are all risk factors for continuing the cycle of poverty.

Learning Objective: 11.1 Discuss the status of U.S. children, and describe their infant-mortality, low-birth-weight, and poverty rates.

Topic: The Health & Economic Status of Children Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Define and discuss who unmarried parents are in the United States today.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Most single mothers today do not fit the unwed-teen stereotype; the median age is the late 20s, and most were married to the fathers and now are divorced, separated, or widowed.

2. Among single parents who are divorced, it is mostly women who are the custodial parent raising their children.

3. Other groups include single fathers, other guardians, and gay families.

Learning Objective: 11.2 Describe some types of parents, and discuss some nonparental influences on children.

Topic: Single Parents: Unmarried & Divorced Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Discuss a woman’s postpartum adjustment. When is a mental health professional necessary?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. There is a critical three-month adjustment period after a baby is born. Women typically will experience bonding and postpartum “blues.”

2. Bonding will help the mother attach to her new baby. Postpartum blues is a period of stress, sadness, and anxiety that many women experience after childbirth.

3. If this period of stress is prolonged or severe, she may be suffering from postpartum depression. This is a clinical depression that needs medical intervention.

Learning Objective: 11.3 Explain some adjustments people must make to pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting.

Topic: Adjusting to Pregnancy & Childbirth Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Contrast LeMasters and DeFrain’s five styles of parenting. According to the authors, which of these is the best style, and why?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Five styles of parenting are cited in the text; the student should describe these styles in detail: • The martyr: makes great sacrifices for the children and exercises little authority.

• The pal: parents who let children set their own goals, rules, and limits.

• The police officer: authoritarian and repressive style in which parents insist that their children follow rules and punish them when they do not.

• Teacher-counselor: intensely focused on guiding their children’s behavior.

• Athletic coach: parents set the rules for the house, helped by input from the family, teach the children the rules, and apply appropriate penalties for infractions.

2. The best style according to the authors is the athletic coach.

Learning Objective: 11.4 Outline three approaches to parenting and five parenting styles, and explain how to be an effective parent.

Topic: Five Parenting Styles Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Suggest at least four ways children of older parents can be better financially prepared to take care of their parents.

Answer: The ideal answer should include; 1. Buy their parents’ home and rent it back to them.

2. Buy their parents’ valuables to keep them from being taxed or assessed.

3. Take tax deductions for supporting elderly parents.

4. Urge parents to buy assisted living insurance.

5. Urge retirees not to take Social Security starting at age 62, but instead at 66 or 70.

Learning Objective: 11.5 Discuss older adults and role reversal, grandparenthood, and the childless older adult.

Topic: Parental Transitions Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 12: Work: Economics, Jobs, & Balancing Family Demands MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Around __________ of the respondents in a 2014 Harris Poll stated that they were still searching for the “right” career.

A. 24% B. 33% C. 50% D. 66% Answer: C Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Work, Wealth, & Well-Being Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. The average American worker is given __________ paid vacation days annually.

A. 10 B. 14 C. 24 D. 32 Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: How Work Has Changed Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. Which of the following countries had the least annual hours worked per person in 2017?

A. United States B. Korea C. Germany D. Mexico Answer: C Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: How Work Has Changed Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts .

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4. Which of the following was cited as the highest source of stress for Americans?

A. the future, work, and finances B. family, finances, and household tasks C. family, finances, and health D. health, family, and work Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: How Work Has Changed Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. In 2017, the median household income in the United States was __________ .

A. $40,258 B. $50,486 C. $61,372 D. $81,331 Answer: C Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: The Unequal Distribution of Income & Wealth Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. Occupations characteristic of the __________ include lower managers, craftspeople, and technical workers.

A. upper middle class B. middle class C. working class D. working poor Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: The Unequal Distribution of Income & Wealth Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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7. The top 1% of the population receives __________ of the nation’s income.

A. almost 20% B. almost 25% C. almost 30% D. almost 40% Answer: D Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: The Unequal Distribution of Income & Wealth Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. Tom is a manager who earns roughly $80,000. He would be considered a member of __________.

A. the underclass B. the working class C. the lower middle class D. the upper middle class Answer: C Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: The Unequal Distribution of Income & Wealth Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. Which of the following describes living wage laws?

A. laws that guarantee healthcare coverage for the community B. the promotion of socialism and equal pay for all people C. laws that encourage a high level of wealth for many D. wages and benefits take into account the area’s cost of living Answer: D Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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10. Well-paying manufacturing jobs in the United States have __________ .

A. been in a steady state of decline B. improved because of technology C. increased because of free-trade policies D. been unaffected by globalization Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. The poverty line is officially defined in the United States as __________ .

A. earning below minimum wage B. the minimum amount of income considered necessary for subsistence C. the income level of those who are unemployed and on government assistance D. those who earn less than those in the working class Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 12. In 2018, the poverty line was set at __________ for a family of four.

A. $20,997 B. $22,958 C. $25,100 D. $32,205 Answer: C Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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13. The official U.S. definition of poverty is regarded as inadequate because it __________ .

A. over-represents the financial burdens of poor mothers B. does not consider the local cost of living C. does not consider the experience of childless families D. stays the same every year Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. Of families living in poverty in 2017, approximately __________ were single-female households while approximately __________ were married-couple households.

A. 28%; 5% B. 30%’ 12% C. 32%; 18% D. 35%; 30% Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. The official definition of poverty was created in __________ .

A. 1929 B. 1939 C. 1949 D. 1963 Answer: D Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16. The poverty rate for all households in the United States was 12.3% in 2017. The majority of these households (21.2%) were __________ .

A. non-Hispanic whites B. Asian C. Hispanic D. African American Answer: D Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Josh was recently laid off. Which of the following health problems is he likely to experience first?

A. depression B. hopelessness C. headaches D. fatigue Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 18. The good-provider role emphasizes __________ .

A. the man as the sole provider for the family B. husbands and wives both working to support the family C. the significance of whichever spouse earns the highest income D. egalitarian gender dynamics Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements.

Topic: Traditional Families: Good-Provider Husband, Homemaker Wife Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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19. In 2017, approximately what percentage of women were in the workforce?

A. 45% B. 57% C. 70% D. 92% Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements.

Topic: Co-Provider Families: Husbands & Wives as Economic Partners Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. The dual-earner marriage __________ .

A. is also called the “socialist” marriage B. increased to more than 48% of all marriages by 2017 C. usually follows the “daddy track” D. is unlikely among same-sex partners Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements.

Topic: Co-Provider Families: Husbands & Wives as Economic Partners Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 21. Monique is on the mommy track, which means she __________ .

A. is not affected by the glass ceiling B. is conflicted about her job C. fills the good-provider role in the family D. may be promoted less frequently Answer: D Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements.

Topic: Co-Provider Families: Husbands & Wives as Economic Partners Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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22. Adrianna has a job but plans to quit after her husband gets a raise because her work hours interfere with her parenting role. She is the type of working mother known as __________ .

A. a coper B. conflicted C. committed D. a captive Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements.

Topic: Co-Provider Families: Husbands & Wives as Economic Partners Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 23. An invisible barrier that prevents employed individuals from being promoted to top positions is called __________ .

A. the glass ceiling B. job tracking C. the discrimination barrier D. the mommy track Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements.

Topic: Co-Provider Families: Husbands & Wives as Economic Partners Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. Working husbands and wives both cited __________ as the most important factor for a successful marriage.

A. sharing of household chores B. being unified in childrearing decisions C. sharing bill-paying responsibilities D. having a good sexual relationship Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements.

Topic: Co-Provider Families: Husbands & Wives as Economic Partners Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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25. Which of the following is a recommendation for choosing a good daycare?

A. Visit the facility frequently.

B. Make an appointment when visiting the facility.

C. Find one that offers the best prices.

D. Only use in-home care facilities.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: When Major Role Disruptions Occur: Overload, Conflict, & Ambiguity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 26. When Caitlin and Ben do not have a clear understanding of whose responsibility it is to do certain tasks, such as picking up the children at daycare, they are experiencing role __________ .

A. overload B. conflict C. expectations D. ambiguity Answer: D Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: When Major Role Disruptions Occur: Overload, Conflict, & Ambiguity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 27. Full-time working women who feel frustrated because they cannot attend their children’s school events are experiencing role __________ .

A. conflict B. overload C. ambiguity D. disruption Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: When Major Role Disruptions Occur: Overload, Conflict, & Ambiguity Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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28. Rob is particularly good at __________ , the ability to separate work and home roles.

A. positive self-talk B. role ambiguity C. role compartmentalization D. task delegation Answer: C Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: Strategy #1: Mentally Separate Work & Home Roles Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 29. Lisa and Vivek are two co-workers splitting the same job, a situation called __________ .

A. flextime B. job sharing C. telecommuting D. flex scheduling Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: Strategy #4: Employ Customized Work Arrangements Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 30. A worker who is allowed to work from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. instead of 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. is an example of __________ .

A. an employee with a compressed work week B. an employee using flextime C. alternate shifts D. telecommuting Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: Strategy #4: Employ Customized Work Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. Being self-employed can benefit families in which of the following ways?

A. Their income is reliable.

B. Parents can be flexible about work time.

C. Children can be homeschooled.

D. Parents can work only part-time.

Answer: B Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: Strategy #4: Employ Customized Work Arrangements Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. The Family and Medical Leave Act __________ .

A. affects only companies with 100 or more employees B. provides up to eight weeks of paid leave for family emergencies C. provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family emergencies D. affects only companies with fewer than 100 employees Answer: C Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: Strategy #5: Take Other Forms of Time Off Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. Research on children and working mothers indicates that __________ .

A. the quality of childcare is an important factor B. the mother’s sensitivity to her children’s needs is least important C. government programs do not need to support families D. mothers are ineffective workers when they have children at home Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: A Final Word: The Effects on Children of Mothers Working Are Not Purely Negative Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. A structural-functional theorist would likely agree with which of the following statements about work and family?

A. Working families contribute to the stability of their family and society.

B. Societal views of gender encourage women to be paid less than men.

C. Some people earn jobs through nepotism.

D. Gender socialization encourages women to be mothers.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: A Final Word: The Effects on Children of Mothers Working Are Not Purely Negative Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. Marco argues that the role of the family is to socialize children to appreciate the value of work and its contribution to society. He would identify as a __________ .

A. conflict theorist B. symbolic interactionist C. feminist D. structural-functionalist Answer: D Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: A Final Word: The Effects on Children of Mothers Working Are Not Purely Negative Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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ESSAY 36. Identify and discuss the four most important psychological motives for acquiring and using money.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. To many people, money provides security, power, love, and freedom.

2. Economic security is important to survival.

3. Money gives individuals the ability to have more power in a relationship or even to start or end a relationship.

4. To many people, how much you spend on another person is a measure of the love that you have for him/her.

5. To use money for personal freedom means to be able to travel or do anything that you want without financial constraints.

Learning Objective: Introduction Topic: Popular Culture, the Media, & Technology: Is Money the Measure of Love?

Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Discuss how industrialization changed the role of work and family in the United States. What happened during the Great Depression?

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Industrialization of society shifted work roles away from the family. Instead of farming, engaging in trades, and other forms of self-employment, men, women, and children sold their time to perform in the labor force.

2. Values for familism declined, and individualism began to rise. Control over one’s labor was lost to the organization. Family time and activities were dictated by one’s work schedule.

3. During the Great Depression, many Americans lost their jobs. This negatively impacted families’ ability to survive. Families split up to seek out employment.

Franklin D. Roosevelt put work programs in place and encouraged Americans to spend to stimulate the economy. Materialistic values emerged as a result.

Unfortunately, materialism has resulted in less leisure time and less family time.

Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: How Work Has Changed Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Discuss how long-term inflation has affected the decline of purchasing power of the American family.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1.

Inflation has eroded American families’ purchasing power over the past 40 years. In 2018, the average hourly earnings were several times higher than they were in 1970: $27.48 per hour as opposed to $3.23. However, $27.48 today does 2.

3.

not buy the same amount of goods as $3.23 did in 1970.

Two-earner families are a necessity for most families to survive today.

Inflation in housing, medical care, and fuel costs have outpaced wage earnings over the years. Families work longer hours to earn more money, yet have less purchasing power with that income.

Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss how changes in work, distribution of income, economic changes, and the social safety net affect families today.

Topic: Economic Changes Affecting the Family Today Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Contrast the good-provider role and the homemaker role. What are the limitations of the homemaker role? Explain the rise in the number of men being full-time homemakers.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The good-provider role emphasizes the husband as breadwinner. His role is just that of economic provider; his household role is limited to maintenance and repairs or outside work such as yard work.

2. The homemaker role emphasizes the wife as full-time homemaker and childcare provider. This role is fulfilling and demanding at the same time. It can be isolating. It is also rewarding in its autonomy. Often the homemaker does not receive support from society, as her role is not viewed as “real” work.

3. Some men voluntarily choose the homemaker role as women are freer today to put their careers first. However, some become homemakers inadvertently, due to downsizing at work. The number of men who act as full-time fathers tends to fluctuate with economic conditions.

Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe how the traditional family, co-provider family, and single working parents affect family and work arrangements; 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: Traditional Families: Good-Provider Husband, Homemaker Wife Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Identify and define the three major role disruptions between work and family. Illustrate each disruption with an example from your experience or from popular media.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Juggling work and family roles is stressful. Three major types of role disruptions can take place in families: 2. Role conflict occurs when the expectations of two or more separate roles are incompatible. (“Different people want me to do different things.”) Women who hold full-time jobs may feel that they cannot also be good mothers.

3. Role overload occurs when others’ expectations exceed one’s ability to meet them in any role capacity. (“I can’t do what they expect of me.”) Being a parent, worker, and spouse can make us feel like we are unable to do all the things we are asked to handle.

4. Role ambiguity occurs when a person does not know exactly what the role expectations are. (“I don’t know what people want me to do.”)

Learning Objective: 12.3 Explain the major role disruptions that can affect work–family arrangements, and describe six approaches to balancing work and family demands.

Topic: When Major Role Disruptions Occur: Overload, Conflict, & Ambiguity Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 13: Crises: Managing Stress, Disaster, Violence, & Abuse MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Frustrating, irritating life events are called __________ .

A. hassles B. irritants C. resilience D. crises Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.1 Distinguish between stress and stressors, types of stressors, the influences on psychological stress reactions, and the traits of hardiness.

Topic: Stress & Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. An example of a crisis is __________ .

A. anxiety over wasting time B. unemployment C. feeling lonely D. physical appearance Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.1 Distinguish between stress and stressors, types of stressors, the influences on psychological stress reactions, and the traits of hardiness.

Topic: Stress & Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 3. Which of the following is an example of a hassle?

A. losing your car keys B. pregnancy C. death in the family D. losing one’s job Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.1 Distinguish between stress and stressors, types of stressors, the influences on psychological stress reactions, and the traits of hardiness.

Topic: Stress & Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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4. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale __________ .

A. identifies both positive and negative stressors B. identifies only negative stressors C. gives suggestions on how to reduce stress D. identifies only positive stressors Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.1 Distinguish between stress and stressors, types of stressors, the influences on psychological stress reactions, and the traits of hardiness.

Topic: Psychological Stress Reactions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 5. Jolene is suffering from substance abuse. For her children, this is an example of __________ .

A. an internal stressor B. an external stressor C. a hassle D. a life cycle event Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Types of Stressor Events: Internal versus External Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 6. Which of the following is an internal stressor?

A. earthquakes B. a new baby C. inflation rate D. terrorism Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Types of Stressor Events: Internal versus External Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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7. Which of the following is an unpredictable stressor?

A. infidelity B. childrearing C. aging D. retirement Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. Pravat has given up looking for work and dropped out of the labor force. He is known as a(n) __________ worker.

A. underemployed B. discouraged C. unemployed D. alienated Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 9. Affairs that are engaged in during a midlife crisis, to reassure someone of his or her youthfulness and desirability, are called __________ affairs.

A. marriage maintenance B. intimacy reduction C. reactive D. hedonistic Answer: C Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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10. Partners who are sexually fulfilled and happy in their marriages can still have affairs. This type of affair is called __________ .

A. marriage maintenance B. intimacy reduction C. reactive D. hedonistic Answer: D Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. Madeline and Astrid have a secret intimate relationship that developed on the Internet. This relationship is called a __________ affair.

A. hedonistic B. cybersex C. reactive D. variable Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. According to Shirley Glass, __________ of marriages between people who marry their affair partners eventually end in divorce.

A. 25% B. 40% C. 58% D. 75% Answer: D Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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13. __________ produce(s) mild sedation at low doses and hallucinations at high doses.

A. Depressants B. Cannabis C. Hallucinogens D. Opiates Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 14. Which of the following is classified as an anxiety disorder?

A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. bulimia C. depression D. schizophrenia Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. Which of the following is an important step to take when serious illness occurs in a family?

A. View the illness as a challenge to be faced together.

B. Realize that partners need to be consistent in the role of caretaker.

C. Prioritize the illness over the relationship.

D. Allow individuals to face the adversity on their own.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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16. Widowed men and women are more apt to experience __________ in the year following a spouse’s death.

A. financial difficulty B. health problems C. a lifting of depression D. less loneliness Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 17. __________ out of four wives will become widowed.

A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four Answer: C Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 18. In the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes, the death of a child was ranked __________in severity in the list of stressors.

A. first B. second C. third D. fourth Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors Topic: Some Unpredictable Stressors Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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19. The legal term for rape is __________.

A. battering B. sexual assault C. physical violence D. female abuse Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence & Abuse among Intimates: Some Definitions Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 20. Courtney experienced the most common form of rape, __________ rape.

A. acquaintance B. stranger C. child D. homosexual Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence in Dating & Live-Together Relationships Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 21. Which of the following statements about homosexual relationships and violence is correct?

A. Lesbians who batter are more apt to seek treatment than are gays who batter.

B. Gay men are more abusive toward their partners than are heterosexual men toward theirs.

C. Lesbians who batter are less apt to seek treatment than are gays who batter.

D. Lesbians are less likely to batter than gay men.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence in Dating & Live-Together Relationships Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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22. Research by Gelles and Strauss found that marital violence occurred in __________ marriages.

A. one in four B. one in six C. one in nine D. one in 12 Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. More than 76% of the victims of intimate partner violence reported to the police are __________ .

A. children B. men C. women D. teenage males Answer: C Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. Wade feels the need to “control” his female partners by any means necessary. This need is an example of __________ .

A. common couple violence B. patriarchal terrorism C. escalation violence D. spillover violence Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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25. The phase of marital violence in which minor conflicts occur is called the __________ phase.

A. escalation B. rising tension C. calmness D. explosion

Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. A risk factor associated with domestic violence is __________ .

A. being older B. being wealthy C. belief in nontraditional gender roles D. spillover Answer: D Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. Mila fears that her abusive partner might kill her. She has a right to be worried because, in the United States, at least __________ of all female homicide victims are killed by male intimate partners.

A. 15% B. 20% C. 25% D. 30% Answer: D Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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28. When women feel they cannot do anything about their abusive situation, they are experiencing __________ .

A. guilt B. self-pity C. learned helplessness D. traditional role socialization Answer: C Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. A women’s __________ is a secret home that provides temporary housing to abused women.

A. shelter B. safehouse C. halfway house D. hotline Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 30. Which of the following factors puts children at the greatest risk for abuse?

A. children in low-income families B. only-child families C. ethnic and minority families D. families with both a mother and father in the home Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Child Abuse & Neglect Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. Which of the following is a risk factor for child abuse?

A. Parents have a history of being physically punished as children.

B. Alcohol and drugs are prohibited in the home.

C. Parents have high expectations for their children at certain ages.

D. Parents are very involved with the children’s schooling.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Child Abuse & Neglect Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 32. Phaedra experienced sexual abuse as a child by a non-family member. This kind of abuse is termed __________ .

A. intrafamilial abuse B. extrafamilial abuse C. incest D. child rape Answer: B Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Child Abuse & Neglect Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 33. Which group is identified as having the highest rate of committing elder abuse?

A. other elders B. spouses C. adult children D. in-home service providers Answer: C Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Elder Abuse & Neglect Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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34. A positive stressful event is called a __________ .

A. distressor B. eustressor C. stressor overload D. challenge stressor Answer: B Learning Objective: Contrast good and bad stressors, list eight important defense mechanisms, distinguish adaptation from coping, and describe five coping strategies.

Topic: Good versus Bad Stressors Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 35. Leopold uses a conflict theoretical perspective to view the world. He would agree with which of the following statements?

A. Crises in relationships can create strong bonds.

B. Crises increase social conflict and economic costs to society.

C. Early life experiences with abuse contribute to the continuation of violence.

D. Major social institutions agree on the rejection of abuse.

Answer: B Learning Objective: Contrast good and bad stressors, list eight important defense mechanisms, distinguish adaptation from coping, and describe five coping strategies. Topic: Strategy for Living #5: Develop Relaxation Techniques Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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ESSAY 36. Define stress and distinguish between hassles and crises, giving examples of each.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Stress is the reaction of our minds and bodies to an unusual or substantial demand made on it.

2. Hassles are frustrating irritants that if left unchecked can be hazardous to one’s health. Examples might include a college student’s anxiety over wasting time or pressure to meet high standards in class.

3. A crisis is a significant event and a strong source of stress that leads to a change in a person’s life. Examples might include a pregnancy, a job change, an auto accident, or an act of infidelity.

Learning Objective: 13.1 Distinguish between stress and stressors, types of stressors, the influences on psychological stress reactions, and the traits of hardiness.

Topic: Stress & Stressors Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

37. Discuss the three personality traits of a hardy person.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. According to psychologist Suzanne Kobasa, hardiness is a combination of three personality traits: commitment, control, and challenge.

2. All three help protect us from the harmful effects of stress and reduce our chance of developing illness. People who are committed have high selfesteem. People who believe they have control over their lives can make changes to reduce stress. People who perceive changes in life as challenges that can be overcome have good coping mechanisms.

Learning Objective: 13.1 Distinguish between stress and stressors, types of stressors, the influences on psychological stress reactions, and the traits of hardiness.

Topic: Toward Becoming a Hardy Person Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Distinguish between internal and external stressors, and cite three examples of each.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Internal stressors are those that begin inside the family, such as illness, childbirth, and chemical addictions.

2. External stressors are those that occur outside the family over which one has little control. Examples include natural disasters, the rate of inflation, and cultural changes.

3. Discussion should include examples—three of each type.

Learning Objective: 13.2 Explain internal versus external stressors, some predictable stressors in the family life cycle, and six types of unpredictable stressors.

Topic: Types of Stressor Events: Internal versus External Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Cite and describe the two kinds of violence in relationships as identified by sociologist Michael Johnson.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Johnson identified two kinds of relationship violence: patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence.

2. Patriarchal terrorism is violence by men who feel the need to control women through any means necessary. Women are viewed as property. This is a more serious form of violence.

3. The common couple form of violence arises from everyday stressors that get out of control.

Learning Objective: 13.3 Describe physical and emotional violence—the types of violence than occur in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships and against children and older adults.

Topic: Violence between Husband & Wife Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Distinguish between adaptation to stress and coping with stress. List and discuss five coping strategies to reduce stress.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Adaptation to stress uses denial, blaming, suppressing feelings, and substance abuse to deal with stress. It does not change the stressor to solve the crisis.

2. Coping is developing strategies to try to manage or solve the crisis.

3. The five coping strategies are: (1) reduce the stressor --do something to create change; (2) manage your emotional response-- be realistic, act positively, have hope; (3) develop a support system -- use family, friends, and support groups; (4) take care of your body -- exercise, eat right, and sleep well; and (5) develop relaxation techniques, such as meditation.

Learning Objective: Contrast good and bad stressors, list eight important defense mechanisms, distinguish adaptation from coping, and describe five coping strategies.

Topic: Adaptation versus Coping Strategies; Strategies for Living #1: Reduce the Stressors; Strategies for Living #2: Manage Your Emotional Response; Strategies for Living #3: Develop a Support System; Strategies for Living #4: Take Care of Your Body; Strategies for Living #5: Develop Relaxation Techniques Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 14: Uncoupling: Separation & Divorce MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. One study found that when married men are fired from a job, __________.

A. it significantly raises the probability of divorce B. it slightly decreases the probability of divorce C. it has no effect on the probability of divorce D. it affects the marriage less than if the woman is fired Answer: A Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Separation, Divorce, & Trends Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. Most cases of desertion are __________.

A. among the poor B. perpetrated by women C. of the elderly D. seen in homosexual couples Answer: A Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Marital Endings: Desertion, Separation, Annulment, & Divorce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. A controlled separation includes __________.

A. a contract negotiated by a lawyer and signed by all parties B. a legal agreement with time limits and rules about how the couple can be separated C. the goal of dissolving the marriage D. no legal documentation Answer: D Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Marital Endings: Desertion, Separation, Annulment, & Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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4. Jay and Owen agreed that they needed a “timeout” from each other and from their marriage, so they entered into a(n) __________.

A. informal separation B. formal separation C. marriage sabbatical D. open marriage Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Marital Endings: Desertion, Separation, Annulment, & Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 5. Suing a third party for damages alleging the third party caused the demise of a marriage is called __________laws.

A. alienation of affection B. adultery-initiated C. second party statute D. no-fault divorce Answer: A Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Marital Endings: Desertion, Separation, Annulment, & Divorce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. What percentage of divorces are settled out of court?

A. 48% B. 59% C. 77% D. 90% Answer: D Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Marital Endings: Desertion, Separation, Annulment, & Divorce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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7. Which of the following is the most accurate measure of divorce in the United States?

A. crude divorce rate B. raw numbers C. refined divorce rate D. refined marriage rate Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Trends in Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. The probability of a first marriage ending in separation or divorce within the first 10 years is about __________.

A. 20% B. 30% C. 50% D. 60% Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Trends in Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. Which of the following groups has the highest health risk factors?

A. happily married women B. unhappily married women C. single heterosexual women D. single homosexual women Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain the societal and demographic factors associated with divorce and then the personal factors associated with divorce.

Topic: Can a Happy Marriage Save Your Life?

Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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10. Which of the following variables has encouraged the increase in divorce?

A. an increase in the extended family B. a rise in the nuclear family C. social integration D. low levels of social mobility Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain the societal and demographic factors associated with divorce and then the personal factors associated with divorce.

Topic: Societal & Demographic Factors Associated with Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 11. Jaita and Arjit believe that divorce is harmful. These beliefs are known as __________.

A. fault divorce B. no-fault divorce C. divorcism D. individualism Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain the societal and demographic factors associated with divorce and then the personal factors associated with divorce.

Topic: Societal & Demographic Factors Associated with Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. Couples who cohabitated before marriage have __________.

A. a higher rate of divorce compared with those who did not cohabitate before marriage B. a lower rate of divorce compared with those who did not cohabitate before marriage C. approximately the same risk factors for divorce as do those who did not cohabitate before marriage D. no risk of divorce Answer: A Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain the societal and demographic factors associated with divorce and then the personal factors associated with divorce.

Topic: Societal & Demographic Factors Associated with Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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13. As their income levels rise, the divorce rate for African Americans __________.

A. increases sharply B. decreases slightly C. decreases significantly, matching the rate of whites D. matches the level of divorce for Latinos Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain the societal and demographic factors associated with divorce and then the personal factors associated with divorce.

Topic: Societal & Demographic Factors Associated with Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. __________is/are the most frequently cited reason why Americans said they got divorced.

A. Infidelity B. Constant conflict C. Communication problems D. Emotional problems Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain the societal and demographic factors associated with divorce and then the personal factors associated with divorce.

Topic: Personal Factors Associated with Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 15. Which stage in Bohannan’s six stations of divorce involves the loss of affection, trust, and respect?

A. psychic B. economic C. legal D. emotional Answer: D Learning Objective: 14.3 Summarize the six “stations” of divorce, and describe divorce mediation and collaborative divorce.

Topic: The Long Good-Bye: Bohannan’s Six Stations of Divorce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16. Kinship ties that were established during marriage but still continue after divorce are called __________.

A. community divorce ties B. relatives of divorce C. post-divorce in-laws D. outlaw kin Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.3 Summarize the six “stations” of divorce, and describe divorce mediation and collaborative divorce.

Topic: The Long Good-Bye: Bohannan’s Six Stations of Divorce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 17. Mallory is currently in the most important stage of divorce. She is experiencing the __________divorce.

A. emotional B. communal C. psychic D. legal Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.3 Summarize the six “stations” of divorce, and describe divorce mediation and collaborative divorce.

Topic: The Long Good-Bye: Bohannan’s Six Stations of Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 18. Which of the following is an alternative to the traditional divorce courtroom process?

A. divorce mediation B. a nonbinding contract C. divorce weekend retreat seminars D. marital counseling Answer: A Learning Objective: 14.3 Summarize the six “stations” of divorce, and describe divorce mediation and collaborative divorce.

Topic: Divorce Mediation & Collaborative Divorce Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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19. When a couple and their lawyers sign a contract agreeing to dissolve the marriage without litigation, they are employing __________.

A. divorce mediation B. collaborative divorce C. no-fault divorce D. contested divorce Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.3 Summarize the six “stations” of divorce, and describe divorce mediation and collaborative divorce.

Topic: Divorce Mediation & Collaborative Divorce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. One study on divorce found that __________ of mothers and __________of fathers were still coping emotionally 10 or more years after the event A. 15%; 20% B. 20%; 15% C. 20%; 25% D. 25%; 20% Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: The Effects of Divorce Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. Dina and Steve are ex-spouses who have minimal contact with each other and are angry and bitter when they do interact. They are considered __________.

A. cooperative colleagues B. fiery foes C. angry associates D. perfect pals Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Emotional, Psychological, & Physical Effects Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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22. Community property states are __________states.

A. equitable-distribution B. equal-distribution C. property settlement D. spousal entitlement Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Financial Effects Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 23. A full-time career housewife will lose her economic support after divorce. She __________.

A. is an example of the alimony myth B. becomes a displaced homemaker C. is an example of human capital D. will financially benefit due to rehabilitative alimony laws Answer: A Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Financial Effects Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 24. About __________ of men support their children after divorce.

A. 25% B. 35% C. 50% D. 75% Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Financial Effects Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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25. Anthony is a deadbeat dad who does not pay child support because he is remarried and cannot support two families. He fits which of the following types?

A. a parent in pain B. an overextended parent C. an irresponsible parent D. a vengeful parent Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Financial Effects Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 26. Which of the following is a suggestion for parents to help their children during divorce?

A. Keep the divorce private from the children.

B. Share your own anger and guilt about the divorce with the children.

C. Allow the children to be negotiators.

D. Recognize that the children have sadness and anger.

Answer: D Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. In __________custody, children live with both parents, dividing their time equally between separate households.

A. joint legal B. joint physical C. birdnesting D. split Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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28. When children remain in the family home and divorced parents alternate staying with them, the arrangement is called __________custody.

A. split B. birdnesting C. boomerang D. joint legal Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. Holden and Amy went to live with their grandparents after their parents divorced. This is an example of __________custody.

A. split B. birdnesting C. third-party D. guardian appointed Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 30. When divorced parents live at geographical distances from one another, child visitation can be handled by __________.

A. birdnesting B. sole custody C. third-party custody D. virtual visitation Answer: D Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. When children hate one parent but not the other in divorce, they exhibit __________.

A. malicious child syndrome B. malicious parent syndrome C. parent alienation syndrome D. divorce alienation Answer: C Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 32. A third party who assists in resolving parenting issues in divorce cases is called the __________.

A. visitation supervisor B. parenting coordinator C. family court coordinator D. guidance counselor Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. Judith Wallerstein’s study on divorce found that 10-15 years after their parents split up, children of divorced parents_________.

A. were more well-adjusted than children of married parents B. were less well-adjusted than children of married parents C. were equally as well-adjusted as children of married parents D. were more likely to be married than children of married parents Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: The Effect of Divorce on Children Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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34. According to Mavis Hetherington’s research, __________.

A. all children of divorce were unable to function properly after divorce B. resilience in children is a key factor in their adjustment C. only 5% of children of divorce experienced long-term emotional problems D. children are unable to recover from divorce Answer: B Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: The Effect of Divorce on Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. A __________theorist is likely to argue that children of divorce are negatively affected in their views on marriage.

A. symbolic interaction B. conflict C. structural-functional D. feminist Answer: A Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: The Effect of Divorce on Children Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. Distinguish among the types of marital separation. Discuss the differences among them.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The types of marital separation are informal, controlled, and formal separation.

2. In informal separation, spouses settle financial and child-custody issues informally between themselves. They are still legally married and have marital obligations to one another.

3. In controlled separation, a couple is trying to save the marriage through negotiation and contracts.

4. In formal separation, a couple uses a lawyer to draw up a legal agreement outlining living arrangements, child custody, and financial issues.

Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Marital Endings: Desertion, Separation, Annulment, & Divorce Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 37. Identify and discuss the advantages or disadvantages of using the crude divorce rate, refined divorce rate, and raw numbers in calculating divorce rates in the United States.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The refined divorce rate is the most accurate and useful. It examines the number of divorces in a given year for every 1,000 married women over age 15.

2. The crude divorce rate looks at the number of divorces per 1,000 people, including people who are single, children, etc. who are not at risk for divorce.

This method is not accurate.

3. The use of raw numbers compares the number of divorces in one year to the number of marriages in the same year. It is not accurate because those who are divorcing in any given year are not the same population that married in that year.

Learning Objective: 14.1 Describe the process of uncoupling; distinguish among desertion, separation, annulment, and divorce; and discuss trends in divorce.

Topic: Trends in Divorce Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38. Discuss societal, demographic, and personal factors that contribute to divorce.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. There are three factors that contribute to divorce: societal, demographic, and personal.

2. Societal factors include family, religion, law, social integration, and cultural values.

3. Demographic factors include education, income, age, race, and ethnicity.

4. Personal factors include communication problems, infidelity, constant conflict, emotional abuse, and other contributing factors.

Learning Objective: 14.2 Explain the societal and demographic factors associated with divorce and then the personal factors associated with divorce.

Topic: Societal & Demographic Factors Associated with Divorce; Personal Factors Associated with Divorce Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It 39. Discuss Paul Bohannan’s six stations of divorce.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Bohannan identified six stations, or processes, of how couples divorce. The first stage is the emotional divorce, in which couples become dissatisfied and emotionally move apart.

2. The second stage is the legal divorce: physical separation and legal action take place.

3. The third stage is the economic divorce, which involves settlement of property.

4. The fourth stage is the co-parental divorce, during which decisions about children are made.

5. The fifth stage is the community divorce, during which the partners distance themselves from common friends and in-laws.

6. The last stage is the psychic divorce, during which the partners emotionally free themselves from one another.

Learning Objective: 14.3 Summarize the six “stations” of divorce, and describe divorce mediation and collaborative divorce.

Topic: The Long Good-Bye: Bohannan’s Six Stations of Divorce Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Compare the four types of child custody.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. There are four types of child-custody arrangements in the United States. First is sole custody, which made up about 84% of all cases in 2016. In sole custody, the mother usually has the children and the father has visitation rights.

2. In joint custody (16% of cases), the parents share the children physically and/or legally share in all decision making. A type of this is birdnesting (1% of cases), in which children remain in the family home and parents alternate staying with them.

3. In split custody (about 2% of cases), some of the children live with one parent and some live with the other.

4. In third-party custody (about 1% of cases), the children live with someone other than their parents.

Learning Objective: 14.4 Discuss the emotional, psychological, and physical effects of divorce, the financial effects, and the effect of divorce on children.

Topic: Effects of Child-Custody Arrangements Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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Chapter 15: Remarriage: Reinvented, Renewed, & Blended Families MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What percentage of people in the United States have been married three times or more?

A. roughly 15% B. roughly 9% C. roughly 6% D. roughly 4% Answer: D Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the factors the newly divorced must face when they resume dating and their reasons for remarrying.

Topic: Moving Toward Remarriage Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 2. The number-one reason middle-aged singles give for dating is to __________ .

A. have fun B. have someone to talk to or do things with C. have sexual intimacy D. find a marriage partner Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the factors the newly divorced must face when they resume dating and their reasons for remarrying.

Topic: Middle-Aged Singles: Dating, Sex, & Lifestyles Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 3. What was the most important thing middle-aged singles reported they like about being single?

A. not having to answer to others B. having the house and other things the way they like them C. more personal freedom D. not being responsible for others Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the factors the newly divorced must face when they resume dating and their reasons for remarrying.

Topic: Why Remarry?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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4. The factor that is liked the least about being single is a lack of __________ .

A. intimacy B. sex C. companionship D. protection from crime Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the factors the newly divorced must face when they resume dating and their reasons for remarrying.

Topic: Why Remarry?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 5. What was the most frequently cited reason singles said they would get married?

A. convenience B. love C. pregnancy D. it was time Answer: D Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the factors the newly divorced must face when they resume dating and their reasons for remarrying.

Topic: Why Remarry?

Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 6. Naomi’s family experiences stepism, which means she has experienced __________ .

A. the process of becoming a new blended family B. conflicts that arise among stepsiblings C. prejudice and discrimination against stepfamilies D. a rejection of stepchildren by their new guardians Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Remarried & Blended Families Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know

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7. The satisfaction levels of first and second marriages were about the same as long as __________ .

A. couples were expressive toward one another B. spouses were able to survive without their families C. income levels were high D. they were highly educated Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Remarriage: “This Time It Will Be Different” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 8. Which of the following affects the higher divorce rate of remarriages?

A. Remarried partners have too much social support.

B. Stepchildren always get their biological parents’ attention.

C. Remarried partners are less fearful of divorce.

D. Stepism creates an unhealthy family environment.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Remarriage: “This Time It Will Be Different” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 9. Which of the following groups is least likely to divorce?

A. remarriages in which only one partner was divorced B. remarriages in which both partners have been divorced C. remarriages that include stepchildren D. remarriages in which one of the partners was married in his/her teens Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Remarriage: “This Time It Will Be Different” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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10. Many blended families do not have norms and rules to guide their expectations and behaviors. These families are lacking __________ .

A. quasi-kinship structures B. cultural scripts C. genogram maps D. family boundaries Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Remarriage: “This Time It Will Be Different” Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 11. In Bill and Judy’s marriage, only Bill has been previously married. This relationship constitutes a __________ .

A. single remarriage B. double remarriage C. binuclear family D. biological family Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Remarriage: “This Time It Will Be Different” Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Apply What You Know 12. Biological father and stepmother families used to be much more common than they are today because __________ .

A. mothers died in childbirth B. fathers were often granted custody in divorce C. fathers were more likely than mothers to remarry D. mothers were unlikely to request custody of children Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Blended Families & Kinship Networks Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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13. Which of the following types of stepfamilies is most common?

A. joint biological–stepfamily B. biological father–stepmother family C. biological mother–stepfather family D. parent–grandparent custodial family Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Blended Families & Kinship Networks Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 14. In the __________ , at least one child in the family is the biological child of the parents and another child is from a previous marriage.

A. biological father–stepmother family B. biological mother–stepfather family C. joint biological–stepfamily D. co-custodial stepfamily Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Blended Families & Kinship Networks Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 15. A diagram that shows who legally, emotionally, and genetically all belong to the same family is called a __________ .

A. family tree B. genogram C. quasi-kin graph D. blended family chart Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Blended Families & Kinship Networks Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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16. Stepparents __________ .

A. have legal rights to their stepchildren B. may have to compete with their stepchildren for their spouses’ attention C. usually have clear boundaries D. are illegitimate Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Characteristics of Stepfamilies: From Sad Beginnings Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 17. __________ refers to rules about who is and is not considered a member of the family.

A. Cultural script B. Family boundary C. Blended family D. A genogram Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Characteristics of Stepfamilies: From Sad Beginnings Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 18. Children in stepfamilies who define only their biological parents as “real family” fit in which of the following categories?

A. reduction definition B. retention definition C. augmentation definition D. substitution definition Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Characteristics of Stepfamilies: From Sad Beginnings Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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19. The inclusion of stepparents with both biological parents as a part of a child’s definition of their “real family” is an example of the __________ definition of family.

A. augmentation B. retention C. reduction D. substitution Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Characteristics of Stepfamilies: From Sad Beginnings Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 20. At what stage do stepparents and children finally make a stand and bring their feelings and resentments out into the open?

A. action B. fantasy C. mobilization D. awareness Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Stages in Becoming a Blended Family Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 21. The stage in blended families in which the members feel that they are comfortable with one another is the __________ stage.

A. mobilization B. action C. resolution D. contact Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Stages in Becoming a Blended Family Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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22. At what stage do stepfamily members begin to abandon the idea of the perfect family?

A. awareness B. immersion C. resolution D. mobilization Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Stages in Becoming a Blended Family Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 23. Most blended families are able to integrate and think and act like a family in __________ .

A. six months to a year B. one to three years C. four to six years D. seven to 10 years Answer: D Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Stages in Becoming a Blended Family Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 24. Which of the following is a suggestion for establishing a good relationship with your stepchildren?

A. Be a disciplinarian.

B. Bring children from current and previous marriages together.

C. Let the biological parent discipline the child.

D. Become involved in parenting your stepchild.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: Being a Stepmother Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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25. A stepmother is viewed as being loving toward her stepchildren and also being mean and abusive. This is called __________ .

A. ambiguous parental boundaries B. the stepmother trap C. a lack of cultural scripts D. a step-parenting dilemma Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: Being a Stepmother Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 26. Noncustodial fathers who feel guilty about not spending enough time with their children often __________ .

A. petition the court for more visitation rights B. expect their new wives to actively engage with them in interacting with the children C. become “Disneyland Dads” D. try to remarry their ex-wife Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: Being a Stepfather Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 27. When a childless man marries a woman with children, __________ .

A. the children usually accept him as a father figure B. he has to accept that he is an outsider and work to be included in the close circle of mother and child C. he has to become a Disneyland Dad to win their approval D. he accepts he will not have a disciplinarian role Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: Being a Stepfather Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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28. Research shows that __________ of children in blended families are doing well.

A. 40% B. 58% C. 72% D. 80% Answer: D Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: Being a Stepchild Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 29. Children in blended families __________ .

A. have similar attitudes and self-esteem compared to children from nuclear families B. experience more stress than do children from first-marriage families C. do better academically than children in divorced single-parent households D. are less likely to do drugs because of their extended support system Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: Being a Stepchild Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 30. According to David Finkelhor, when the mother is absent or incapacitated, what precondition for child sexual abuse has been satisfied?

A. motivation B. inhibitions overcome C. obstacles overcome D. child’s resistance overcome Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: The Special Problem of Sexual Boundaries Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts

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31. Which of the following is a motivating precondition for the perpetrator of child sexual abuse?

A. The abuser is aroused by the child.

B. The abuser is unable to relate to the child.

C. The abuser feels sexually satisfied.

D. The abuser does not feel connected to the child.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: The Special Problem of Sexual Boundaries Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 32. The primary reason a second marriage fails, according to the text, is __________ .

A. conflict over money B. having unrealistic expectations C. lack of love D. no clear rules and boundaries Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.4 Outline the five potential benefits of stepfamilies over nuclear families, and describe the steps required to become a successful stepfamily.

Topic: Steps Toward Becoming a Successful Stepfamily Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember the Facts 33. In successful stepfamilies, the married partners __________ .

A. spend most of their time together with the children as a family B. take the time to build a strong relationship with each other C. allow the children freedom to develop on their own D. give biological children special treatment to adjust to new transitions Answer: B Learning Objective: 15.4 Outline the five potential benefits of stepfamilies over nuclear families, and describe the steps required to become a successful stepfamily.

Topic: Steps Toward Becoming a Successful Stepfamily Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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34. A structural-functionalist would agree with which of the following statements regarding remarriage?

A. Reuniting families creates stability for society.

B. Merging families may result in role ambiguity.

C. Blended families create new meanings for marriage and family.

D. Legal conflicts may arise in these new family arrangements.

Answer: A Learning Objective: 15.4 Outline the five potential benefits of stepfamilies over nuclear families, and describe the steps required to become a successful stepfamily.

Topic: Steps Toward Becoming a Successful Stepfamily Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts 35. A symbolic interactionist would likely agree with which of the following statements regarding remarriage?

A. Remarriage affirms the social benefits of family as an institution.

B. Remarriage creates economic benefits for the family.

C. Acceptance of blended families is likely to change over time.

D. Remarriage may create social problems regarding sexual boundaries.

Answer: C Learning Objective: 15.4 Outline the five potential benefits of stepfamilies over nuclear families, and describe the steps required to become a successful stepfamily.

Topic: Steps Toward Becoming a Successful Stepfamily Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

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ESSAY 36. Discuss the process of returning to the single life and dating after divorce.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Returning to the single life for the divorced can be both an exciting and frightening experience.

2. Divorced people need to pass through two stages of adjustment: transition and recovery. The transition phase is a time of loss, separation distress, and decision making about a new life.

3. In the recovery phase, a person feels less stress and begins to readjust.

4. Many divorced people seek to rush into courtship and second marriages due to loneliness, childcare issues, and financial problems.

Learning Objective: 15.1 Explain the factors the newly divorced must face when they resume dating and their reasons for remarrying.

Topic: After the First Marriage: Returning to the Single Life & Dating Again Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

37. Compare the three common forms of blended families.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The three types are biological father + stepmother family, biological mother + stepfather family, and the joint biological + stepfamily.

2. Biological father + stepmother families used to be more common than they are today because mothers would die in childbirth. Biological mother + stepfather families are the most common today.

3. Joint biological + stepfamily occurs when at least one child is the biological child of both parents and at least one child is the biological child of only one parent.

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Blended Families & Kinship Network Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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38 Discuss how genograms can explain the family dynamics in a blended family.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. Genograms are diagrams that show clearly all the people who genetically, emotionally, and legally constitute a particular family.

2. Genograms are useful in identifying family dynamics such as alliances and conflicts.

Learning Objective: 15.2 Describe the happiness and stability of second marriages, the forms of blended families, and the stages in becoming a blended family.

Topic: Blended Families & Kinship Networks Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

39. Compare the “Disneyland Dad” and the stepmother trap.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The stepmother trap describes stepmothers who are caught between two societal views. On the one hand, the stepmother is supposed to be unnaturally loving toward her stepchildren at the same time that she can easily be considered mean, abusive, and vain.

2. “Disneyland Dads” are divorced dads who feel guilty because they see their children infrequently and therefore overcompensate on their visits. This can create hardship for a new wife who perceives his lavishness as a waste of money.

Learning Objective: 15.3 Discuss what it is like to be a stepmother, a stepfather, a stepchild, and explain the problem of sexual boundaries.

Topic: Being a Stepmother; Being a Stepfather Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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40. Identify and discuss the five benefits of stepfamilies.

Answer: The ideal answer should include: 1. The benefits to living in stepfamilies cited in the text are as follows: Stepfamilies are happier (they no longer live in a home with regular crises).

2. Children have more role models.

3. Parents might be more objective (because of the adjustments, parents may handle problems using their new partner’s perspective).

4. Children have more siblings and kin.

5. Children learn to become more flexible.

Learning Objective: 15.4 Outline the five potential benefits of stepfamilies over nuclear families, and describe the steps required to become a successful stepfamily.

Topic: Five Potential Benefits of Stepfamilies Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Analyze It

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