Issues of Improving the Information Culture of Young People in New Uzbekistan
Ural Murodovich Abilov Professor of the Tashkent Medical Academy
Asomiddin Kurbonkulovich Xudayberdiev Associate Professor of Tashkent Institute of Paediatric Medicine
Mamarasulov Bakhriddin ShakasimovichAssociate Professor of Samarkand State University
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the importance of instilling an information culture in students in a resurgent Uzbekistan, protecting their worldview from the influence of destructive ideas, and making effective use of the media, particularly television, Internet sites, and social media, to influence young people’s spiritual and moral worldviews. Economic stability is one of the ways and tools used to examine the social, theoretical, and practical implications of the formation of information culture in young people, which is a continual process
KEYWORDS: Mass media, information culture, information technology, information security, information threat, information attack, "mass culture" ideological prevention, family, school and community cooperation, information society, constructive, destructive information
Uzbekistan is acknowledged to have constructed a national model of education system focused on the development of a comprehensively formed individual during its independence period. Citizens' rights and obligations are enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which serves as the legal foundation for such a system. So, in order to be a true citizen, you must be an adult. Consistent education and upbringing help to shape such a person. In this regard, the role of information education in the formation of information culture is to protect young people‟s minds and thinking from foreign ideologies, philosophical, political, legal, religious, aesthetic, and moral views that serve the interests of “popular culture” and the use of opportunities and tools in the formation of information culture. The information culture is built on information related preventive strategies and instruments for young people‟s spiritual and moral upbringing.
As young people are the main capital of the future of Uzbekistan, protecting their worldview from the influence of destructive ideas, cultivating the national spirit, patriotism, information culture in the social image of the modern profession is a priority of state policy"Many of the challenges facing humanity today threats to peace and security, terrorism and extremism, racism, climate change, as well as the COVID 19 pandemic require mutually agreed global cooperation and the active involvement of young people in solving existing problems" [1].
In this regard, to educate young people in a renewed Uzbekistan based on the experience of world science in the formation of information culture and protection from information threats, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev said at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly on September 19, 2017 that “today's youth is the largest generation in the history of mankind in terms of numbers. They number 2 billion people. The well being of the future of our
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planet depends on how our children develop into human beings. Our main task is to create the necessary conditions for young people to show their potential, to prevent the spread of the "virus" of the idea of violence. To do this, it is necessary to develop multilateral cooperation in the field of social support of the younger generation, protection of their rights and interests . In this regard, first of all, the most important task is to form and educate the minds of young people on the basis of enlightenment, ”[2] one of the priorities.
Information is a scientific category, which not only notes the general forms of existence or their causal relationship, but is one of the main factors in the development from the bottom up in the knowledge (study) of events that occur in nature and society. Historically, until now, information in society has been collected in such volume and scale that it can be divided into social, economic, cultural, political, military, technical, scientific, medical, legal fields, industry, regional, periodic features. Nevertheless, the need for information is growing rapidly, and a kind of "information race" is being organized to obtain it. This is because information expresses a clear goal, desire, action, and direction, and whether it is called research or analysis, it is the primary source for determining interest. Obtaining, sorting and transmitting the source is necessary to find out the cause, the purpose of the occurrence of previously known or secretly occurring cases. Therefore, various artificial systems are being built, the purpose of which is to create an integrated database and try to introduce targeted management procedures. There are cultural, economic, military, legal, medical, technical aspects of this issue, and we often focus on its socio technical aspects. It is also about following speed in gathering, storing, transmitting and interpreting information. In many countries around the world today there are specialties and enterprises in this area. Today, a number of theories about information have been developed, including:
information from the outside world and the definition of content in the process of adaptation to it (Wiener);
denial of entropy (Brillouin);
uncertainty in the process of communication (Shennon);
Observation of Diversity (Ashby);
probability of selection (Yaglom);
emotional theory of information (P.Simonov).
Information is a form of knowledge that is created in the human mind and has become a material and spiritual wealth of society, and has the "power" to influence the direction of individual and collective activity. Although the analysis of information is approached from a political, psychological, military, pedagogical, technical, legal, or medical perspective, it is not yet a basis for concluding that the information is of social significance. Only when information can include the protection of the interests of the nation, people, humanity and its preservation in the form of values, it acquires a socio cultural content. In turn, this indicator is more important than other evaluation criteria. Adherence to an information culture in the production, use, sorting, transmission, or evaluation of information ensures the content of the final conclusion. In a word, it can be said that "given the existence of a producer and a consumer of information, the formation of an information culture in the recipients, processors and transmitters of information is of practical importance in maintaining its purity".
The formation of an information culture among students is of high social significance. When working with information, it is not enough to simply collect and study the information independently. "Who does the information belong to?", "When was the information produced?", "Who is the information aimed at?", "Is the purpose of the information constructive or destructive?",
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"How is the information approached to the problem?" You will also need to find answers to such questions. This situation influences the formation of the next behavioral strategy, so it is necessary to study the tactics of working with information in such a way that it not only serves to provide an individual benefit path, but also takes into account the interests of the team (family, production team). This, in turn, is necessary not only to ensure adherence to social norms and values, but also to maintain them and teach them to young people.
Information culture is manifested in sorting messages, identifying their important aspects, dividing them into areas, paying attention to their purity, identifying ideological bases, finding the source of the message. There are a number of functions of information culture. They are:
cognitive function (information conveys knowledge aimed at preserving historical heritage to ensure the activities of consumers);
regulatory function (ensures the practical expression of social, political, legal norms using real ideals);
educational function (promotes the intellectual development of the individual, assists in the development of social, political, legal norms and values, the emergence of interest, the formation of certain institutions (guidelines) for activity);
ideological function (conveys information about the social, economic and political life of the world on the basis of the interests of any idea);
the task of reporting (informs the subjects about events in the world and social, economic, political processes);
diagnostic task (assesses current social, economic, political and cultural realities);
prognostic function (predetermines the direction of social, economic and political processes, provides possible information about their occurrence, stages of transition), etc.
The formation of an information culture of students is a continuous process, which includes short term, medium term and long term goals, and requires that every young person has a specific goal in mind. The formation of a clear and realistic goal oriented information culture of young people is based on a combination of needs, interests, conditions. Such an information culture is a product of the unity of perceptions and concepts based on positive information in young people and the process of correctly forming their worldview on this basis. The main purpose of educating the youth in the principles of information culture is to effectively influence the spiritual and moral worldview of young people in large social institutions, especially in educational institutions, which are important objects of youth education, including the media, especially television [3]. At the same time he:
creating conditions for the development of immunity in students against destructive information; to demonstrate and explain the harm of foreign ideas, to form concepts of information prevention;
explain the reasons for the tendency to foreign ideas;
increasing responsibility for one's beliefs
to pay special attention to the periods of change in age in explaining the nature of various evils and to ensure the effectiveness of information education in this regard;
to ensure that the information is appropriate for a particular age group;
to teach young people that secularism is not atheism, based on the advantages of a healthy faith over bigotry;
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use of interactive methods of education;
achieving students' understanding and mastery of basic human and spiritual values; to develop students' immunity to information attacks on the basis of decision making, critical thinking, resistance to negative environmental influences, the ability to control their emotions; helps to instill in students the advantage of rejecting destructive and alien ideas and to instill in them a sense of self discipline.
All this shows, on the one hand, the importance of improving the cultural factors of information security of students, and on the other hand, ensuring the effectiveness of this process is one of the urgent tasks in developing a culture of information use and reception among young people. In this regard, first of all, it is necessary to continue to use the faculties and departments of educational institutions, sources of information resource centers, the press, television and other forms of media as a platform for information education. In turn, this will contribute to the effective functioning of the mechanism for improving the legal literacy and culture of our youth, their skills in combating information attacks [4]. As a result of such factors, young people set themselves long, medium and short term goals, and they form a worldview based on the harmony of public interests. It should be noted that the information culture in this area is a kind of protective core of information security for young people, which inspires the spiritual forces that lead young people to think independently. At the same time, the information culture is formed and improved in the process of putting into practice the knowledge and spiritual views of young people. Therefore, it also has a positive effect on the formation of an information culture of young people, teaching them to use their ideas and knowledge, to encourage them to fully express their independent ideas. Based on this approach, young people develop the skills to understand and analyze the content and essence of certain information, to plan and implement activities in this area. In this sense, the information culture serves as a specific spiritual basis for every young person to be in the field of information, to think independently, to act independently and to act independently. This, in turn, allows young people to achieve a specific goal in the field of information, based on the belief in their ideas, the expression of which, the formation of confidence in their ideas prepares the ground for the qualities of ideological stability.
The formation of a high level of information culture among students is becoming an important necessity, especially in today's context of renewal and globalization. This is especially evident in the "mirror" of the dangers of the flow of information to young people in the West, which comes through the media [5]. Professor M. Kuronov, in his article "Among the People", analyzes the current state of this process in America, citing the views of American scientist McDowell Georges: that is, every 30 minutes in the United States:
29 teenagers commit suici
57 are fleeing their homes
the father of 14 underage girls gives birth to an unknown child;
23 girls under the age of 19 are having abortions.
Every year:
275,000 underage girls give birth (father unknown);
418,000 girls under the age of 19 have abortions;
every second teenager has sex between the ages of 15 and 19;
about 2 million children are actively having sex at the age of 13 14;
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8 out of 10 men and 7 out of 10 women start having sex before puberty;
it is unfortunate that 80% of pregnant students drop out of school. This analysis is especially relevant at a time when family, school and community cooperation is insufficiently coordinated in the development of measures to address the problems of proper upbringing of our students in the current era of lifestyle promotion, resulting in a lack of social activity among young people. At the same time, the work on creating an information culture of our people in educating young people should be aimed at creating a healthy environment among them, taking into account the national spirit and way of life, parents being a role model for children, forming a sense of love for parents . In this regard, it should be noted that the process of forming an information culture requires a comprehensive approach to this problem. In the information culture of students, all the human qualities, good intentions, values formed in the existing place or educational institution are reflected. Therefore, the creation of an information culture at any age and educating them in the spirit of healthy ideas and the formation of a modern ideological worldview has become an urgent need of today [6]. In the current period of deepening the process of reforms, it is important to deeply understand the essence of the noble ideas related to the education of young people, to break the results achieved in the spiritual environment of young people. Reforming the principles in this regard in accordance with modern requirements, the introduction of effective and efficient means in the process of spiritual and physical rehabilitation of the younger generation is one of the important tasks. In this regard, it is to ensure that each age of information culture is educated on the basis of noble ideas, in the spirit of common profession. In this sense, the information culture in this regard requires the inculcation in the minds of young people of the ideas of loyalty to our national interests, the study of social mechanisms and principles of this process, based on our national values, centuries old traditions and customs. At the same time, it is necessary to analyze the current situation, achievements and problems based on information culture, develop the necessary scientific recommendations, hypotheses and prepare books and brochures in popular, understandable language, special textbooks for educators and teachers, intellectuals. On the one hand, this serves to meet the needs of each student for resources and scientific advice in this area.
Experience shows that the work of information education and creation of information culture of students is relatively easy in higher education institutions. Because, first of all, the pedagogical conditions that exist in these institutions do not exist in the mahallas. That is, ideological prevention in educational institutions is carried out by specialists, pedagogues with special pedagogical and psychological training. Second, young people sit together in specially organized classes and auditoriums for a certain period of time. The educational process in them is carried out systematically, on the basis of general pedagogical requirements, purposefully, consistently, throughout the year. In contrast, in cities, villages and mahallas, where young people live and are composed of families of different levels and professions, the creation of information education and information culture is completely different. That is, no one can predict in advance what will happen in these aspects (1 minute, 5 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day), event, relationship.This shows the complexity of managing the process of creating information culture and information culture in the field, anticipating possible, unexpected situations that may occur. Therefore, those responsible for the enlightenment and spiritual and moral education of students in the settlements should have the following special knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of information education and information culture:
deep understanding of the issues of information education and the formation of information culture among young people;
know the methods of information education and information culture, be able to apply methods
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and tools;
know and apply methods of information education and information culture;
a good distinction between the stages of information education and information culture, a thorough knowledge of ways to improve their mechanism, and so on.
The formation of the information culture of students is a continuous process, and as education continues, due to its rapid pace, new requirements for information culture will emerge.
According to experts, in order to effectively meet these requirements, it is necessary to work regularly to create an information culture that requires constant change and updating. In this regard, conversations, meetings, cultural and educational events, media appearances, art evenings, organization of intellectual shows, and the establishment of cooperation between creative teams and governmental and non governmental organizations [7]. At the same time, one on one individual interviews with problem youth share experiences with other educators; popularization of the experience of exemplary educational institutions, etc. Will also contribute to the effectiveness of this process. In addition, the distribution of booklets, manuals and pamphlets on enlightenment and spiritual and moral education and information culture, published through state and public organizations, various folk festivals; Achieving wide involvement of young people in the organizational and spiritual educational work on the organization of national holidays expands the opportunities in this regard [8].
Nowadays, friendly communication between adults and young people is one of the important factors of information education and information culture. Young people living in villages, even in district centers, know each other well. In addition, their every move will be under the control of neighbors, neighborhood activists. For this reason, any misconduct on their part will be immediately noticed, discussed and reprimanded. This means that children raised in such conditions are under regular supervision. But that‟s not the case with multi story homes, the social environment in neighborhoods, in multi story homes where most people don‟t know each other. That is why some young people who leave such a home, left unsupervised, misunderstand freedom and involuntarily try to do what they want. They are more likely to be involved in dirty gangs, various information attacks, moral depravity, and crime. In this case, educational institutions, educational institutions, neighborhood committees, police inspectors, education and spiritual and moral education officers, district inspectors dealing with minors should work together and pay special attention to the spiritual health of young people. At the same time, the protection of the media, which spreads through various media, is not only provided by one educational institution, but also becomes a factor of information culture of close relatives, brothers, relatives of the youth, the population of districts, regions and republics.
Information education and information culture of students, as they grow up, will have their own characteristics according to their consciousness and worldview. In particular, information education and information culture for those aged 12 to 22 require special attention. That is, in this regard, a comprehensive study of their behavior, study or work, with whom they spend their free time, to prevent the possibility of straying from the right path will help to effectively shape the information culture of young people. In the formation of the information culture of students, the media, especially entertainment, youth publications have a great influence on adolescents. They give a variety of messages about the favorite „ideals‟ of teenagers, the ideal individuals they dream of. However, in some cases, they also express views and ideas that do not correspond to our national and spiritual values. This can lead to the introduction of wrong principles into the emerging information culture of young people.
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The information culture of today‟s students is being formed in the context of the growing number of media outlets, new opportunities for television channels, video equipment, computers and the Internet. In turn, this is reflected in the fact that in the current context of globalization, the risk of many information attacks and popular culture is increasing through information systems and technologies [9]. In the process, the organizers of various Internet cafes, computer clubs, computer games are using all the opportunities of the media to turn young people into regular fans. As a result of ideological distortions carried out through various mood provoking information, various negative situations occur. Taking immediate action to prevent such a dangerous situation is the most important task that should be included in the daily activity program of the specialist or educator responsible for information education and the formation of an information culture. In our opinion, the work to address these problems should be carried out in the following areas:
in order to form the information culture of students and ensure the harmony of other areas of education, it is necessary to establish the following system, ie enterprises and organizations public organizations the media the population;
in the process of teaching the subject "Information Security" at all stages of education, to provide students with knowledge about it, to form in them the skills of rational and prudent attitude to life and to clarify the level of its mastery;
full support of the process of formation of information culture of students with normative legal documents and scientific methodical materials;
establishment of a center of scientific methodological and practical activities in order to develop a single concept and strategy in the field of formation of information culture of students;
systematic implementation of conferences, exhibitions, competitions and other events related to the formation of information culture of students in educational institutions;
ensuring the broad participation of the younger generation in information prevention activities; organization of information culture camps for students during the holidays;
establishment of special information and publishing centers, taking into account the importance of visual aids, educational and scientific literature in the implementation of educational, advocacy and propaganda work aimed at the formation of a culture of information culture of students;
establish a system of training highly qualified teachers and specialists with modern knowledge in all aspects of youth information security for the teaching of social sciences, forming knowledge of the formation of information culture of students, etc.
The modern requirements for information security of students and the establishment of higher information education show the need to create a set of moral criteria for them to increase the importance of the youth factor in all spheres of our society. According to Professor A.Mukhtorov, in this process, the demand for young professionals who are able to creatively solve complex problems, have their own opinion in practice and independent work and are active in finding solutions to problems, with high intellectual skills and high talent is naturally increasing [10] .At the same time, experts say that our independent country, which is developing on the way to becoming one of the most developed countries in the world, needs such specialists, and the training of such young people, in turn, requires further optimization of the education system[11]. All this indicates that today the strengthening of scientific potential in educational institutions, the further development of science has become one of the most pressing tasks.
To educate students in the spirit of respect and devotion to the Motherland, people, national values,
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historical and spiritual heritage, to broaden their horizons, to expand their creative potential, to encourage talented, creative youth, to create conditions for them to show their intelligence, to read books. in order to further increase the interest and understand the essence of the best works of Uzbek and world literature, starting from the 2017 2018 academic year, a gradual competition among students “The most active knowledgeable readers” has been organized, the published laws and decisions serve to ensure spiritual harmony, improve the culture of information consumption.
Improving the information culture of students, employment of unorganized youth, ensuring their economic and social protection, the upbringing of a harmoniously developed generation has become a priority of state policy. This, in turn, forms a natural prophylaxis against any information attack. After all, the protection of students, both enlightened and spiritually, should become an urgent duty of every intellectual, teacher, spirituality and enlightenment worker. For this reason, the worldview of students of higher education institutions, the formation of an information culture has become a requirement of today. The XXI century is not only a period of globalization and rapid development of the information industry, but also a period of information and intellectual competition. The ability to adapt to this process, to study the current situation and make an objective assessment, analysis requires certain skills and abilities, high skill from both the mature specialist and the student.
One of the improved methods and tools of information education today is economic stability. This is justified by the allocation of soft loans for young people to engage in private entrepreneurship, the allocation of land for their activities and other benefits. The new version of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On State Youth Policy” [13] guarantees the practical results of innovative approaches such as “youth (young citizens)”, “young family”, “young specialist” and “young entrepreneur”, “Young inventor”, “young farmer”, “young technologist”, “young craftsman”.
In this regard, the broad involvement of young people in small business and private entrepreneurship, the realization of their intellectual and creative potential, the creation of favorable conditions for the acquisition of new technologies in the digital economy, the promotion of innovative ideas, business projects and support. It is noteworthy that “Startup Initiatives” projects have been established.
So, in the conditions of the COVID 2019 pandemic, the students of the world and Uzbekistan have adapted to the new conditions. At the same time, it is important to increase vigilance in the use of information technology, protection of national interests in business, as well as individual goals, and this process should be organized systematically at all stages of the education system. The information culture of students to solve the urgent tasks related to the development of their secular and religious knowledge, the creation of a cultural and educational environment for them to have a healthy faith, the proper organization of leisure time, the creation of conditions for the development of existing talents requires. In the formation of a culture of information use of students, based on rich national and cultural traditions, customs and universal values, it is possible to raise their general cultural level by increasing the intellectual potential of the younger generation.
In today's world of information threats, protecting the worldview of young people, protecting their minds from destructive ideas, introducing regular monitoring to determine their attitude to the development of society, analyzing their interests in the virtual information space, the threat of «popular culture» and the essence of destructive ideas. It is important to organize intellectual debates.
From this point of view, it is necessary to clarify the important issue of what to pay attention to in the formation of information culture among students. This is reflected in the following: firstly, in obtaining and disposing of information, to pay attention to the content of the information, its authenticity, what factors it is based on, for what purpose it is disseminated, what idea and what ideology it is based on;
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second, to have a clear idea of how the information will turn out, to analyze it, to identify the positive and negative parts, and then to draw a definite conclusion; third, to approach information consciously, with high thinking, and to synthesize it when necessary; fourth, the revival of positive ideas in the media, based on our national ideology in the promotion; fifth, not to harm or pressure citizens to freely express and defend their opinions, while maintaining the diversity of opinions and diversity of ideas in our society; sixth, it is necessary to achieve lasting stability in society by taking into account the factors of the conditions of access to information, their effective use, and careful monitoring of the effectiveness of the work performed. In conclusion, the main goal of various ideologies today is to capture the human heart and mind, in which case only a person who does not have his own independent opinion, firm beliefs, strong will and worldview can withstand various ideological influences and pressures, either overt or covert. . Therefore, the upbringing of students as spiritually mature, strong willed, full of faith, strong ideological immunity remains one of the main conditions for building a free and prosperous homeland, free and prosperous life.
References
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2. Мамарасулов, Б. Ш. (2018). Субстанциональное значение в национальной идее. In Результаты фундаментальных и прикладных исследований в России и за рубежом (pp. 5 9).
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9. Proceedings of the international conference "Education of a highly educated and intellectually advanced generation the most important condition for sustainable development and modernization of the country." Tashkent, 2012. Technologies for protection against information and psychological attacks. Educational methodical complex. Tashkent .: National University of Uzbekistan., 2014. p.346 .