Test Bank for Porths Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States 2nd Canadian Edition by Ruth

TEST BANK Porths Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health Porths Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States States 2nd Canadian Edition by Ruth Hannon

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Question 1: (see full question)

You selected:

The nurse is caring for a client with renal failure experiencing shortness of breath and increased respiratory rate. The arterial blood gas reflects a pH of 7.10 and a HCO3 level of 18 mEq/L. How does the nurse interpret these findings?

Metabolic acidosis

Correct Explanation:

Metabolic acidosis would be diagnosed based on the findings related to a low pH level and a low bicarbonate level. The other conditions would not result from the findings provided ..... (more)

Reference:

Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40, Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1071.

Question 2:

When interpreting the arterial blood gas, the nurse recognizes which of these reflects the value for bicarbonate?

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You selected:

HCO3-

Correct Explanation:

Bicarbonate is abbreviated as HCO3. H2CO3 is the abbreviation for carbonic acid, HCl is the abbreviation for hydrochloric acid, and H+ is the abbreviation for hydrogen ..... (more)

Reference:

Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40, Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1072.

Question 3:

A client's most recent laboratory results suggest the presence of metabolic alkalosis. What action by the nurse best addresses a potential cause of this acid-base imbalance?

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You selected:

Administering an antiemetic to treat the client's frequent vomiting

Correct Explanation:

Vomiting results in the loss of hydrogen ions, potentially resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Constipation and skin breakdown are not among the most common causes of metabolic alka ... (more)

Reference:

Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40, Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1076.

Question 4:

The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation of which of the following?

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You selected:

CO2

Correct

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A client has these arterial blood gas values: anion gap 20 mEq/L, pH 7.29, pCO2 37mm Hg, HCO3- 11 mEq/L, base excess -6 mEq/L. With what condition do these values correspond?

You selected:

Lactic acidosis

Question 5:

Correct Explanation:

Anion gap (AG) is the difference between the plasma concentration of sodium ions and the sum of the measured anions (chloride and bicarbonate).

Normally, the AG value should be bet ... (more)

Reference:

Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40, Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, pp. 1069-1070, 1072.

Question 6:

The nurse is reviewing the following lab results of a client diagnosed with renal failure:

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pH: 7.24 PCO2: 38 mm Hg HCO3:18 mEq/L The nurse would interpret this as: Metabolic alkalosis

You selected: Incorrect Correct response:

Metabolic acidosis

Explanation:

Metabolic acidosis would be diagnosed based on the findings related to a low pH level ( ... (more)

Reference:

Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40, Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1071.

Question 7:

What is the nurse’s expectation about a client’s ability to compensate for a metabolic blood gas disorder?

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You selected:

The client will compensate with the respiratory system.

Correct Explanation:

The one thing that a nurse can expect is that a client with a metabolic disorder will compensate with the respiratory system. The client cannot compensate with the same system. The ... (more)

Reference:

Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40, Disorders of Acid Base Balance, p. 1071.

Question 8:

A client with ethylene glycol toxicity is restless, and stating he has flank pain.

What intervention should the nurse perform to minimize complications?

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You selected:

Increase IV fluids

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Correct

A 77-year-old woman has been brought to the emergency department by her daughter because of a sudden and unprecedented onset of confusion. The client admits to ingesting large amounts of baking soda this morning to treat some “indigestion.” How will the woman's body attempt to resolve this disruption in acid–base balance?

Question 9: (see full question)

Increased renal HCO3- reabsorption

You selected: Incorrect Correct response:

Hypoventilation

Explanation:

When neurologic manifestations occur with metabolic alkalosis, they include mental confusion, hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and carpopedal spasm.

Respiratory compensation will take ... (more)

Reference:

Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40, Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1076.

Question 10:

The nurse is caring for the following group of clients. Select the client most likely to be diagnosed with respiratory alkalosis.

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You selected:

A 26-year-old female with anxiety who has been hyperventilating

Correct Explanation:

Respiratory alkalosis can occur with hyperventilating and the loss of CO2.The other three clients are more at risk for respiratory acidosis as a result of retaining CO2........... (more)

Question 1: (see full question)

The nurse is caring for a client with acute primary respiratory acidosis. When determining the cause of the acidosis the nurse is aware that which of these is most common?

You selected:

Impaired alveolar ventilation

Correct Explanation:

Acute respiratory acidosis is frequently caused by impaired alveolar ventilation

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