Test Bank for Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition by Valerie D. Thompson

Chapter 01: The History of Health Care in Canada Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When and where was Canada’s first medical school established? a. Saskatoon, in 1868 b. Ottawa, in 1867 c. Montreal, in 1825 d. Kingston, in 1855 ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The first medical school was not established in Saskatoon in 1868.

Incorrect: The first medical school was not established in Ottawa in 1867.

Correct: The first medical school in Canada was established in 1825 in Montreal.

Incorrect: The first medical school was not established in Kingston in 1855.

2. In 1834, William Kelly deduced which public health principle? a. Vaccination can successfully eradicate smallpox. b. Education is directly related to health. c. Quarantine effectively contains infections. d. Sanitation and disease are related.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: William Kelly did not deduce that smallpox could be eliminated with a vaccine.

Incorrect: William Kelly did not deduce that education level was related to health.

Incorrect: William Kelly did not introduce quarantine to contain disease.

Correct: William Kelly suspected a relationship between sanitation and disease and deduced that water might be a source of contamination.

3. Which of the following volunteer organizations was involved in the evolution of health

care in Canada? a. The Order of St. John b. The Veterans Society c. The St. Andrew’s Society d. The Canadian Nurses Association ANS: A

A

Feedback Correct: The Order of St. John was introduced in Canada in 1883; the members had knowledge of first aid, disaster relief, and home nursing.

B C D

Incorrect: The Veterans Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Canada.

Incorrect: The St. Andrew’s Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Canada.

Incorrect: The Canadian Nurses Association did not play a part in the early evolution of health care in Canada.

4. What did the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957) propose? a. Provinces without a health insurance plan must pay additional federal tax. b. Provinces and territories with a health insurance plan would receive substantial

funding from the federal government. c. Certain services would no longer be funded by the federal government. d. Physicians would be allowed to charge a fee for service to the client.

ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose an increase in tax for provinces without a plan.

Correct: Under the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957), provinces and territories with a health insurance plan would have funding matched by the federal government by 50 cents for every dollar.

Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose the removal of insured medical services.

Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not allow physicians to charge a fee for service.

5. What major change in political thinking occurred in post–World War II Canada in relation

to health care? a. Universities should educate more nurses. b. The government should not be required to provide access to primary health care. c. Individual families should be responsible for absorbing the cost of health care. d. Governments should be responsible for providing basic services like health care.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The need to educate more nurses was not part of post–World War II thinking in Canada.

Incorrect: The lack of responsibility of the government to provide health care was not part of post–World War II thinking in Canada.

Incorrect: The belief that families should bear the cost of health care was not part of the political thinking in post–World War II Canada.

Correct: In post–World War II Canada, and in the aftermath of a depression, the thinking shifted to the idea that governments had an obligation to provide Canadians with a better standard of living, including access to quality health care.

6. What important act was passed by the government of Tommy Douglas in Saskatchewan in

1947? a. The Hospital Insurance Act b. The Medical Care Act c. The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act d. The Canada Health Act ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: The Hospital Insurance Act was passed by the government of Saskatchewan, led by Tommy Douglas, in 1947. It guaranteed Saskatchewan residents hospital care in exchange for a modest insurance premium payment.

Incorrect: The Medical Care Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947.

Incorrect: The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947.

Incorrect: The Canada Health Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947.

7. What important recommendation was embodied in the Hall Report? a. Individuals should take responsibility for some of their health care costs. b. Preventive health measures would be a wise investment. c. Extra billing should not be part of Canada’s health care system. d. Provinces should retain full control as well as financial responsibility for health

care.

ANS: C

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: The Hall Report did not propose that individuals pay for some of their health care costs.

Incorrect: The Hall Report did not propose that preventive health measures would be a wise investment.

Correct: The Hall Report recommended an end to extra billing and suggested that, instead, doctors be allowed to operate entirely outside of the Medical Care Act. Incorrect: The Hall Report did not propose that provinces should retain all financial responsibility for health care.

8. Why did the Established Programs Financing (EPF) mechanism of funding become

inadequate for health care? a. The government imposed many corporate tax cuts. b. Health care spending increased dramatically, causing provincial and territorial overspending. c. The cost of education took up more dollars than had been anticipated. d. The population of Canada increased much faster than was anticipated.

ANS: B

A

Feedback Incorrect: Tax cuts did not cause the inadequacy of funding.

B

C D

Correct: In the few years following the introduction of the EPF Act, health care spending continued to increase dramatically, resulting in provincial and territorial overspending and necessitating cuts to health care.

Incorrect: Education cost was not the reason for inadequate health care funds.

Incorrect: The population increase was not the reason for inadequate funding of health care.

9. Which of the following is a main principle of the Canada Health Act? a. Health insurance should cover 100% of dental care. b. Health insurance should cover all medical services. c. All residents of Canada should be provided with health care. d. Eligible Canadians should receive accessible health care.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Health insurance for dental care was not covered by the Canada Health Act. Incorrect: The Canada Health Act mandated insurance for all medically necessary services.

Incorrect: The Canada Health Act sought to provide care for all eligible Canadians, not every person living here.

Correct: One of the Canada Health Act’s goals was to provide accessible health care to eligible Canadians.

10. Which amendment to the Canada Health Act did the Romanow Report recommend? a. Canadians should pay user fees when they access the health care system. b. Funds for health care should be donated from private sources. c. The criterion of accountability should be added. d. Canadians in less accessible areas should pay a higher insurance premium.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The Romanow Report did not recommend user fees.

Incorrect: The Romanow Report did not recommend funding for health care from private sources.

Correct: The Romanow Report recommended that the criterion of accountability should be added to the Canada Health Act. Incorrect: The Romanow Report did not recommend that rural Canadians pay higher insurance for health care.

11. What was the main intent of the Indian Act (1867)? a. Registration of refugees from India. b. Recognition of the ‘Shaman’ as a powerful healer. c. Assimilation of Indigenous People. d. Elimination of smallpox.

ANS: C

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Registration of refugees from India was not the main intent of The India Act. Incorrect: Recognition of the ‘Shaman’ as a powerful healer was not the intent of The India Act. Correct: The British North American Act (1867) and the India Act (1867) set the stage for assimilation of Indigenous People, applying numerous restrictions to their practices and way of life.

Incorrect: The elimination of smallpox was not the intent of The India Act.

12. Refugees are provided with mental services under what level of government? a. Provincial and Territorial governments b. Federal Interim Health Program c. Refugees are not provided any health services d. All levels of government provide mental health services for refugees ANS: A

A B

C D

Feedback Correct: Provision of mental health care is the responsibility of individual provinces and territories.

Incorrect: Refugees are provided with basic medical health services under the Federal Interim Health Program. Provision of mental health care is left up to individual provinces and territories.

Incorrect: Provision of mental health care is the responsibility of individual provinces and territories Incorrect: Provision of mental health care is the responsibility of individual provinces and territories

13. Oral history indicates that prior to contact with Europeans, Indigenous People suffered

from which of the following illnesses? a. Diabetes and cancer. b. Smallpox and measles. c. Arthritis and jaw abscesses. d. Addictions to drugs and alcohol.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Oral history indicates that Indigenous People did not suffer from diabetes and cancer prior to contact with Europeans.

Incorrect: Oral history indicates that Indigenous people did not suffer from smallpox and measles prior to contact with Europeans.

Correct: Oral history indicates that Indigenous People suffered from arthritis and jaw abscesses prior to contact with Europeans.

Incorrect: Oral history indicates that Indigenous People did not suffer from addictions to drugs and alcohol prior to contact with Europeans.

14. What does the Indigenous medicine wheel represent?

a. b. c. d.

Body, mind, community and nature imbalances.

Medicine Man, Shaman, herbal healers, and life-givers.

Plants, herbs, roots, and fungi as treatments.

Spiritual, physical, cognitive and emotional parts of a person.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The medicine wheel does not represent body, mind, community and nature imbalances.

Incorrect: The medicine wheel does not represent the Medicine Man, Shaman, herbal healers, and life-givers.

Incorrect: The medicine wheel does not represent plants, herbs, roots, and fungi as treatments.

Correct: The medicine wheel represents four parts of a person – spiritual, physical, cognitive, and emotional.

15. Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People operated with little regard for traditional

healing practices or Indigenous culture. What disease initially lead to the establishment of segregated hospitals for Indigenous People? a. smallpox. b. tuberculosis. c. influenza. d. whooping cough.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were not initially established to segregate Indigenous People with smallpox.

Correct: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were initially established to segregate Indigenous People with tuberculosis.

Incorrect: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were not initially established to segregate Indigenous People with influenza.

Incorrect: The Segregated hospitals for Indigenous People were not initially established to segregate Indigenous People with whooping cough.

16. Which organization is part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid

and disaster relief at home and abroad? a. The Order of St. John. b. Canadian Blood Services. c. Victorian Order of Nurses. d. Canadian Red Cross.

ANS: D

A B

Feedback Incorrect: The Order of St. John is not part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad.

Incorrect: The Canadian Blood Services are not part of a worldwide

C

D

humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad.

Incorrect: The Victorian Order of Nurses is not part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad.

Correct: The Canadian Red Cross remains part of a worldwide humanitarian network providing emergency aid and disaster relief at home and abroad.

17. At what level is the entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec). a. Baccalaureate. b. Diploma. c. Graduate. d. Certificate.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is a baccalaureate degree.

Incorrect: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is not a diploma.

Incorrect: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is not a graduate degree.

Incorrect: The level of entry to practice for Registered Nurses in Canada (except Quebec) is not a certificate.

18. When and where did Canada’s last residential school close? a. Saskatchewan, in 1996. b. Manitoba, in 1931. c. Saskatchewan, in 1968. d. Manitoba, in 1986.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Canada’s last residential school closed in Saskatchewan in 1996.

Incorrect: Canada’s last residential school did not close in Manitoba in 1931.

Incorrect: Canada’s last residential school did not close in Saskatchewan in 1968.

Incorrect: Canada’s last residential school did not close in Manitoba in 1986.

19. Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A

Framework for Action (2017-2022) include strategies for which of the following? a. Management of health records. b. The opioid crisis. c. Access to psychiatrists. d. Health promotion.

ANS: B

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) do not include strategies for management of health records.

Correct: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) include strategies to cope with the opioid crises exploding across the country.

Incorrect: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) do not include strategies for addressing access to psychiatrists.

Incorrect: Priorities identified in the Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action (2017-2022) do not include strategies for health promotion.

20. In 2016, the federal minister of health met with first ministers to initiate talks on a new

Canadian Health Accord. What was the outcome? a. No deal has been reached and negotiations are ongoing. b. To continue with the 2014 Accord. c. Each province and territory negotiated their own terms of agreement. d. All jurisdictions eventually accepted the initial offer.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was not that no deal was reached and negotiations are ongoing.

Incorrect: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was not to continue with the 2014 Accord.

Correct: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was that each province and territory negotiated their own terms of agreement.

Incorrect: The outcome of the talks on the new Canadian Health Accord was not that all jurisdictions eventually accepted the initial offer.

Chapter 02: The Role of the Federal Government in Health Care Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following criterion are used by Health Canada to measure health? a. Quality of life, longevity, and perception of health status b. Longevity, lifestyle, and effective use of the public health care system c. Activity level, longevity, and nutritional status d. Education level, longevity, and proper medication use ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Quality of life and medication use are not the criteria stated by Health Canada.

Correct: Longevity, lifestyle, and effective use of the public health care system are the criteria of health used in Health Canada’s mission statement.

Incorrect: Although activity level and nutritional status are implicated in health, they are not in the Health Canada definition.

Incorrect: Education level and medication use are not the criteria stated by Health Canada.

2. What is the federal government’s responsibility in relation to health care in Canada? a. To administer a national drug insurance plan b. To recruit medical personnel c. To provide financial support d. To administer a federal health insurance plan ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The federal government does not administer a drug insurance plan.

Incorrect: The federal government does not recruit personnel.

Correct: The primary responsibility of the federal government is to provide financial support to the provinces for health care.

Incorrect: The federal government does not administer a health insurance plan.

3. What is the primary function of the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR)? a. Directing and funding research b. Reviewing international research c. Setting ethical guidelines for research d. Obtaining funding for research from private companies ANS: A

A B

Feedback Correct: The primary function of CIHR is directing and funding research.

Incorrect: Reviewing research from other countries is not the primary function of

C D

CIHR. Incorrect: Setting ethical guidelines for research is not the primary function of CIHR. Incorrect: Obtaining funding for research from private companies is not the primary function of CIHR.

4. Which of the following is a major role of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)? a. Promoting prenatal screening b. Ensuring Medicare coverage for all residents c. Ensuring equal access to health care d. Taking prompt action to contain viruses ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Promoting prenatal screening is not a mandate of PHAC. Incorrect: Ensuring Medicare coverage for all residents is not a mandate of PHAC. Incorrect: Ensuring equal access to health care is not a mandate of PHAC. Correct: Taking prompt action to contain viruses is a major function of PHAC.

5. How does the World Health Organization (WHO) influence Health Canada? a. Funds Canadian vaccination campaigns b. Recommends actions regarding population health initiatives c. Ensures equal education standards for physicians d. Advises Health Canada on funding issues ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: WHO does not fund vaccination campaigns in Canada.

Correct: WHO recommends policies and actions regarding population health issues across the world.

Incorrect: WHO does not have input into physician education in Canada.

Incorrect: WHO does not advise Health Canada on funding issues.

6. What is the purpose of the World Health Assembly? a. To make policies for the World Health Organization (WHO) b. To put political pressure on governments regarding health care issues c. To evaluate and disseminate research d. To allow delegates to meet officials from pharmaceutical companies ANS: A

A B C

Feedback Correct: The main purpose of the World Health Assembly is to determine polices for WHO and to approve budgets for program funding.

Incorrect: Putting political pressure on governments regarding health care issues is not the purpose of the World Health Assembly.

Incorrect: Evaluating research is not the purpose of the World Health Assembly.

D

Incorrect: Allowing delegates to meet officials from pharmaceutical companies is not the purpose of the World Health Assembly.

7. Which of the following is an independent agency of Health Canada that reports directly to

the minister of health? a. Audit and Accountability Bureau (AAB) b. Departmental Secretariat c. Health Products and Food Branch (HPFB) d. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ANS: D

A B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: The Audit and Accountability Bureau (AAB) is not an independent agency. The AAB is Health Canada’s internal monitoring system.

Incorrect: The Departmental Secretariat is not an independent agency. It is an internal service of Health Canada that acts as the link between the executive (appointed) and the political (elected) levels.

Incorrect: The Health Products and Food Branch is not an independent agency.

The HPFB is an external service of Health Canada that oversees several bureaus and directorates.

Correct: The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) is an independent agency of Health Canada that reports directly to the minister of health.

8. Which of the following is an international agency that deals with Health Canada on health

issues? a. North American Treaty Organization b. The National Health Service c. The Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) d. Doctors without Borders ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The North American Treaty Organization does not deal with Health Canada.

Incorrect: The National Health Service does not deal with Health Canada.

Correct: The PAHO deals with Health Canada on health issues, acting as a regional office for the World Health Organization (WHO).

Incorrect: Doctors without Borders does not deal with Health Canada.

9. What describes a sustained, worldwide transmission of an infectious disease such as the

Covid 19 infection that was first identified in 2019? a. Outbreak b. Pandemic c. Epidemic d. Trans epidemic ANS: B

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: An outbreak refers to a sudden flare up of an infectious disease either globally or within a specific region, or as a localized event.

Correct: A pandemic refers to a sustained, worldwide transmission of an infectious disease.

Incorrect: An epidemic refers to an occurrence when the incidence of an infectious disease rises (usually suddenly) above the average or expected number of cases within a specific geographical area.

Incorrect: A trans epidemic is not a term used to describe a sustained, worldwide transmission of an infectious disease.

10. What is the purpose of the Opioid Response Team? a. To fund research concerning mental health and opioid addictions. b. To oversee the safe, legal production, use and distribution of opioids in Canada. c. To set out policies and recommendations for responding to Canada’s opioid crisis. d. To oversee opioid treatment programs in the workplace in Canada.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The purpose of the Opioid Response Team is not to fund research concerning mental health and opioid addictions.

Incorrect: The purpose of the Opioid Response Team is not to oversee the safe, legal production, use and distribution of opioids in Canada.

Correct: The purpose of the Opioid Response Team is to set out policies and recommendations for responding to Canada’s opioid crisis.

Incorrect: The purpose of the Opioid Response Team is not to oversee opioid treatment programs in the workplace in Canada.

11. What was the main outcome of Jordon’s Principle? a. Provision of health care services to Indigenous children is prioritized over payment

issues. b. Non-insured health benefits are being phased out. c. Development of environmental containment policies. d. Creation of programs to provide information about risky behaviours such as tobacco, drug, and alcohol use.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: The main outcome of Jordon’s Principle was that the provision of health services to Indigenous children is prioritized over payment issues.

Incorrect: The main outcome of Jordon’s Principle was not phasing out of Non-insured health benefits.

Incorrect: The main outcome of Jordon’s Principle was not the development of environmental containment policies.

Incorrect: The main outcome of Jordon’s Principle was not the creation of programs to provide information about risky behaviours such as tobacco, drug, and alcohol use.

12. J. is a refugee living in Alberta who has not yet established residency in Canada. Who is

responsible for the payment of J.’s health care? a. J. b. Health Canada c. The government of Alberta d. The Order of St. John ANS: B

A B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: The responsibility for the payment of health care for refugees who have not established residency in Canada is not the refugee.

Correct: The responsibility for the payment of health care for refugees who have not established residency in Canada is the Interim Federal Health Program of Health Canada.

Incorrect: The responsibility for the payment of health care for refugees who have not established residency in Canada is not the provincial or territorial government where the refugee resides.

Incorrect: The responsibility for the payment of health care for refugees who have not established residency in Canada is not the Order of St. John.

13. What crisis led to significant changes to the guideline for planning in the event of an

influenza pandemic in Canada? a. Immunization syndrome (IS) b. Zika Viral Disease (ZVD) c. Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) d. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) ANS: D

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Immunization syndrome (IS) was not a crisis that led to significant changes to the guideline for planning in the event of an influenza pandemic in Canada.

Incorrect: The Zika Viral Disease (ZVD) was not a crisis that led to significant changes to the guideline for planning in the event of an influenza pandemic in Canada.

Incorrect: The Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) was not a crisis that led to significant changes to the guideline for planning in the event of an influenza pandemic in Canada.

Correct: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) crisis in 2006 led to significant changes to the guideline for planning in the event of an influenza pandemic in Canada.

14. What role has the Federal Government played with respect to COVAX? a. It became the recognized procurement agent for COVID-19 vaccines. b. Provided funding for the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) Facility to

procure, deliver and distribute COVID-19 vaccines. c. Provided access to COVID-19 diagnostics and treatments.

d. Provided normative guidance on vaccine policy, regulation, safety, R&D,

allocation, and country readiness and delivery.

ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect:. The Federal Government did not become the recognized procurement agent for COVID-19 vaccines through COVAX. Correct: The Federal Government provided funding for the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) Facility to procure, deliver and distribute COVID-19 vaccines.

Incorrect: The Federal Government did not provide access to COVID-19 diagnostics and treatments through COVAX. Incorrect: The Federal Government did not provide normative guidance on vaccine policy, regulation, safety, R&D, allocation, and country readiness and delivery through COVAX.

15. Which executive office in the federal government acts as a link between executive

(appointed) and political (elected) levels of Health Canada? a. Regions and Programs b. Corporate Services c. Communications and Public Affairs d. Departmental Secretariat ANS: D

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: The Regions and Programs Bureau is not an executive office in the federal government that acts as a link between executive (appointed) and political (elected) levels of Health Canada.

Incorrect: The Corporate Services Bureau is not an executive office in the federal government that acts as a link between executive (appointed) and political (elected) levels of Health Canada.

Incorrect: The Communications and Public Affairs Bureau is not an executive office in the federal government that acts as a link between executive (appointed) and political (elected) levels of Health Canada.

Correct: Departmental Secretariat executive office in the federal government acts as a link between executive (appointed) and political (elected) levels of Health Canada.

16. A sudden flare up of seasonal influenza has occurred in a long-term care facility. What

term is used to describe this development? a. pandemic b. outbreak c. epidemic d. interpandemic ANS: B

Feedback

A B C D

Incorrect: A pandemic is not a term used to describe a sudden flare up of seasonal influenza that has occurred in a long-term care facility.

Correct: An outbreak is a term used to describe a sudden flare up of seasonal influenza that has occurred in a long-term care facility.

Incorrect: An epidemic is not a term used to describe a sudden flare up of seasonal influenza that has occurred in a long-term care facility.

Incorrect: An interpandemic is not a term used to describe a sudden flare up of seasonal influenza that has occurred in a long-term care facility.

17. What is a major concern of the Zika virus? a. It is spread quickly by droplet. b. Babies may be infected in utero leading to birth defects. c. Fatality rates of 50%-90% in adults. d. The vaccine provides limited immunity.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: A major concern of the Zika virus it not that it is spread quickly by droplet.

Correct: A major concern of the Zika virus is that babies may be infected in utero leading to birth defects.

Incorrect: A major concern of the Zika virus is not fatality rates of 50%-90% in adults.

Incorrect: A major concern of the Zika virus is not that the vaccine provides limited immunity. Currently there is no vaccine available.

18. Which of the following illnesses led the World Health Organization (WHO) to decide to

provide unproven vaccines to treat individuals with the disease? a. Zika viral disease (ZVD) b. Ebola viral disease (EVD) c. Influenza A (H1N1) infection d. Congenital Zika syndrome ANS: B

A

B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Zika viral disease (ZVD) did not lead the World Health Organization (WHO) to decide to provide unproven vaccines to treat individuals with the disease.

Correct: Ebola viral disease (EVD) led the World Health Organization (WHO) to decide to provide unproven vaccines to treat individuals with the disease.

Incorrect: Influenza A (H1N1) infection did not lead the World Health Organization (WHO) to decide to provide unproven vaccines to treat individuals with the disease.

Incorrect: Congenital Zika syndrome did not lead the World Health Organization (WHO) to decide to provide unproven vaccines to treat individuals with the disease.

19. What does the Therapeutic Products Directorate regulate? a. Biologic drugs which are made from living sources such as plants,

microorganisms, or animals. b. Blood and blood products in Canada. c. All health products containing natural ingredients. d. Both prescription drugs and medical devices in Canada.

ANS: D

A

B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The Biological and Genetic Therapies Directorate controls the use of biologic drugs which are made from living sources such as plants, microorganisms, or animals.

Incorrect: The Biological and Genetic Therapies Directorate indirectly controls blood and blood products.

Incorrect: The Natural and Nonprescription Health Products Directorate regulates all health products containing natural ingredients.

Correct: The Therapeutic Products Directorate regulates both prescription drugs and medical devices in Canada.

20. What is an important role of the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board? a. Inspection of manufacturing facilities to ensure efficiency in operations. b. Ensures safety of generic and patented drugs. c. Monitor the pricing of generic drugs. d. Assess patented drugs that have the greatest potential for overpricing.

ANS: D

A

B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Inspection of manufacturing facilities to ensure efficiency in operations is not an important role of the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board.

Incorrect: Ensuring safety of generic and patented drugs is not an important role of the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board.

Incorrect: Monitoring the pricing of generic drugs is not an important role of the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board.

Correct: Assessing patented drugs that have the greatest potential for overpricing is an important role of the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board.

Chapter 03: The Role of Provincial and Territorial Governments in Health Care Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Under the Canada Health Act, what is each province and territory required to provide? a. A comprehensive drug plan b. Transport and ambulance services c. Health insurance plan for medically necessary treatment d. Optometry and dental services ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Although some provinces offer partial drug coverage, it is not a requirement of the Canada Health Act. Incorrect: Transport and ambulance costs were not addressed in the Canada Health Act. Correct: Health insurance for medically necessary treatment is one of the guiding principles of the Canada Health Act. Incorrect: Although dental and optometry care is covered for certain populations in some provinces, it is not required by the Canada Health Act.

2. The transfer of funds from the federal government to the provinces for health care is

dependent on which of the following? a. Adherence to the principles of the Canada Health Act b. Finishing the financial year on budget c. Presenting the projected expenditure for the coming fiscal year d. The presence of regional health authorities ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: To receive continued federal funding for health care all, provinces and territories must abide by the principles and conditions of the Canada Health Act. Incorrect: The administration and balancing of the health care budget are the provinces’ responsibilities.

Incorrect: The province decides internally how to spend health care funds.

Incorrect: The structure of how health care is delivered is the responsibility of the province.

3. What was a desired goal of the regionalization of health care? a. To gain more funding from the federal government. b. To provide more employment in the health care industry. c. To offer more services to people living in urban areas. d. To combine services over a broad continuum of care.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Regionalization did not mean an increase in federal funds.

Incorrect: Goals of regionalization were related to service delivery, not job creation.

Incorrect: A goal of regionalization was not to improve care in urban areas.

Correct: One of the goals of regionalization was to amalgamate health care services over a broad continuum of care.

4. Why have several provinces/territories moved back to a central health authority from a

regionalized approach? a. Evidence-based studies have shown that centralized health care delivery works best. b. Elimination of ‘red tape’ associated with layered services. c. Provider remuneration is more reflective of their practice responsibilities. d. Health care can be more easily tailored to specific populations.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: No formal evidence-based studies have determined whether centralized or decentralized health care delivery works best.

Correct: One rationale for centralization includes elimination of the ‘red tape’ associated with layered services.

Incorrect: Regional health authorities may be better able to provide remuneration reflective of providers practice responsibilities.

Incorrect: Regionalization may allow for health care that can be more easily tailored to specific populations.

5. Under the Canada Health Act, what is the maximum waiting period that new residents of a

province will wait for health insurance coverage? a. Six months b. One month c. Three months d. Two months ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Six months is longer than the maximum waiting period.

Incorrect: One month is less than the maximum waiting period.

Correct: Three months is the maximum waiting period for a new resident to wait for health insurance.

Incorrect: Two months is less than the maximum waiting period.

6. Which of the following health care services are covered by all provincial and territorial

health plans? a. Dental care and optometry services b. Prosthetics and ambulance services c. Physician consultation and orthodontic services

d. Physician consultation and emergency room care ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Dental care and optometry services may be partially covered in some provinces or territories, but they are not required by the Canada Health Act. Incorrect: Ambulance services and prosthetics are not required to be covered by provincial or territorial health care plans.

Incorrect: Orthodontic services are not required to be covered by provincial or territorial health care plans.

Correct: Physician consultation and emergency room care are deemed medically necessary services by the Canada Health Act, and they are covered by provincial or territorial health plans.

7. Which of the following is an example of tertiary-level care? a. Cardiac surgery b. Rehabilitation following knee replacement surgery c. Labour and delivery for a low-risk mother d. Respite care for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Cardiac surgery is considered tertiary-level care, as it requires very specialized personnel to deliver this care.

Incorrect: Rehabilitation services are not considered tertiary-level care.

Incorrect: Labour and delivery for a low-risk mother are not considered tertiary-level care.

Incorrect: Respite care is not considered tertiary-level care.

8. Which of the following is an example of a supplementary benefit? a. Knee replacement surgery b. Intensive care c. Chiropractic services d. Neonatal intensive care ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Knee surgery is not considered a supplementary benefit.

Incorrect: Intensive care is not considered a supplementary benefit.

Correct: Chiropractic services are considered a supplementary benefit.

Incorrect: Neonatal intensive care is not considered a supplementary benefit.

9. Which province has opted out of the signing of the reciprocal agreement of health

insurance portability? a. Newfoundland b. Prince Edward Island c. Quebec

d. British Columbia ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The reciprocal agreement supports the principle of health insurance portability among all of the provinces and territories except Quebec.

Incorrect: The reciprocal agreement supports the principle of health insurance portability among all of the provinces and territories except Quebec.

Correct: The reciprocal agreement supports the principle of health insurance portability among all of the provinces and territories except Quebec.

Incorrect: The reciprocal agreement supports the principle of health insurance portability among all of the provinces and territories except Quebec.

10. Which of the following is one of the major concerns about private clinics in Canada? a. It will result in increased wait times for the public health system. b. People will prefer taking responsibility for their health care costs. c. It will result in reduced wait times in the public health system. d. It will improve quality of care for all Canadians.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: It is a concern that private care will increase wait times in the public system, as there will be fewer available health care personnel.

Incorrect: People preferring to pay for health costs is not a concern regarding the development of private clinics.

Incorrect: It is not expected that private clinics would result in a reduced wait time in the public system.

Incorrect: Improving quality of care for Canadians is not a concern expressed about private health clinics.

11. Which of the following is an example of primary care within a multidisciplinary team

approach? a. Orthopedic surgery b. Care from a specialist c. Clinical trial treatment d. Chiropractor services ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Orthopedic surgery is not considered primary care.

Incorrect: Care from a specialist is not considered primary care.

Incorrect: Clinical trial treatment is not considered primary care.

Correct: Chiropractor services are considered primary care within a multidisciplinary team approach

12. Which of the following is an example of secondary care? a. Short term care by a specialist

b. Care provided at a walk-in clinic c. Palliative care d. Care provided on a burn unit ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Short term care by a specialist is considered secondary care.

Incorrect: Care provided at a walk-in clinic is not considered secondary care.

Incorrect: Palliative care is not considered secondary care.

Incorrect: Care provided on a burn unit is not considered secondary care.

13. Which of the following is an example of quaternary care? a. A personalized and comprehensive lifestyle health plan b. Clinical trial at a university hospital using an experimental drug c. Counselling services when referred from doctor d. Specialized care in a long-term care home ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: A personalized and comprehensive lifestyle health plan is not an example of quaternary care.

Correct: Clinical trial at a university hospital using an experimental drug is an example of quaternary care.

Incorrect: Counselling services when referred from doctor is not an example of quaternary care.

Incorrect: Specialized care in a long-term care home is not an example of quaternary care.

14. Hospital spending is the top expenditure of the health care dollars in Canada. What is the

second highest expenditure? a. ‘Boutique’ clinics b. Medications c. Long-term care homes d. Assistive devices ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: ‘Boutique’ clinics are not the second highest expenditure of the health care dollars spent in Canada.

Correct: Medications are the second highest expenditure of the health care dollars spent in Canada.

Incorrect: Long-term care homes are not the second highest expenditure of the health care dollars spent in Canada.

Incorrect: Assistive devices are not the second highest expenditure of the health care dollars spent in Canada.

15. Which of the following is an example of an uninsured physician service?

a. b. c. d.

Advice given on a primary care group Telehealth line.

Breast reduction because heavy breasts are causing back and shoulder problems.

Doctor sending pertinent records to a specialist.

Back-to-work or back-to-school note.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Advice given on a primary care group Telehealth line is not an example of an uninsured physician service.

Incorrect: Breast reduction because heavy breasts are causing back and shoulder problems is not an example of an uninsured physician service.

Incorrect: A doctor sending pertinent records to a specialist is not an example of an uninsured physician service.

Correct: A back-to-work or back-to-school note are examples of uninsured physician services.

16. Which Canada Health Act principle does the reciprocal agreement support? a. portability of health insurance b. universality of health insurance c. comprehensive health insurance coverage d. public administration of health insurance ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: The reciprocal agreement supports the principle of health insurance portability.

Incorrect: The reciprocal agreement does not support the principle of universality.

Incorrect: The reciprocal agreement does not support the principle of health insurance comprehensive coverage.

Incorrect: The reciprocal agreement does not support the principle of public administration.

17. Which of the following is an example of a drug that would likely be included in a

formulary list? a. erectile dysfunction drugs b. combination inhaler to treat asthma c. drugs to treat obesity d. drugs that require less laboratory monitoring ANS: D

A B C

Feedback Incorrect: ‘Lifestyle drugs’ such as drugs used for erectile dysfunction are not in the formulary list.

Incorrect: Combination drug inhalers (e.g., Symbicort) for asthma are more expensive and not in the formulary list.

Incorrect: ‘Lifestyle drugs’ such as drugs to treat obesity are not in the formulary

D

list.

Correct: New-generation drugs used to reduce clotting time that do not require routine laboratory monitoring and are in the formulary list.

18. What is the estimated percentage of Canadians that have a private or employer-sponsored

insurance plan with drug benefits? a. 10-20% b. 40-50% c. 60-70% d. 80-90% ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The estimated percentage of Canadians that have a private or employer-sponsored insurance plan with drug benefits is not 10-20%.

Incorrect: The estimated percentage of Canadians that have a private or employer-sponsored insurance plan with drug benefits is not 40-50%.

Correct: The estimated percentage of Canadians that have a private or employer-sponsored insurance plan with drug benefits is 60-70%.

Incorrect: The estimated percentage of Canadians that have a private or employer-sponsored insurance plan with drug benefits is not 80-90%.

19. What is a benefit for a long-term care facility that has met accreditation standards? a. Eligibility for reciprocal agreement with other long-term care facilities. b. Demonstration to the government that the community is satisfied with the

standards of care provided. c. Demonstration to the public that the facility meets national standards of care and

operation. d. Eligibility to offer subsidized fees for individuals who live in the facility.

ANS: C

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: A benefit for a long-term care facility that has met accreditation standards is not the eligibility for reciprocal agreement with other long-term care facilities.

Incorrect: A benefit for a long-term care facility that has met accreditation standards is not a demonstration to the government that the community is satisfied with the standards of care provided.

Correct: A benefit for a long-term care facility that has met accreditation standards is a demonstration to the public that the facility meets national standards of care and operation.

Incorrect: A benefit for a long-term care facility that has met accreditation standards is not the eligibility to offer subsidized fees for individuals who live in the facility.

TRUE/FALSE

1. Canada has a national health insurance plan.

ANS: F

Correct

Incorrect

Feedback Incorrect: Canada has universal health care but no national, single-payer health insurance plan; there are 13 separate insurance programs run by 10 provinces and 3 territories, loosely bound by federal agreements and the Canada Health Act .

Correct: Canada has universal health care implemented by thirteen single-payer insurance plans each administered and operated by a province (10) or territory (3).

Chapter 04: The Dollars and “Sense” of Health Care Funding Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What are equalization payments? a. An income tax charged to residents with higher income b. A direct transfer of money between provinces or territories c. An allowance from the federal government to provinces or territories that have less

money than the national average to provide health services d. A transfer of funds between regional authorities to ensure service in rural areas ANS: C

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Equalization payments are not an income tax.

Incorrect: Equalization payments do not involve direct transfer of funds between provinces or territories.

Correct: Equalization payments are funds transferred from the federal government to provinces or territories that have a lower fiscal capacity than the national average.

Incorrect: Equalization payments do not involve transfer of funds between regional health authorities.

2. A low-income family has a child with a chronic condition and does not have a private

medical plan. They are not able to afford the medications that their child requires. What coverage is available for this family? a. National drug plan b. Pharmaceutical company subsidy c. Relief from federal income tax to cover medication payment d. Catastrophic drug cost coverage ANS: D

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Canada is one of only a few high income countries without a national drug plan.

Incorrect: Pharmaceutical company subsidy is not available in Canada as coverage for low-income families.

Incorrect: Relief from federal income tax to cover medication payments is not available in Canada; although there is a medical expense deduction, it is not a direct payment to the individual.

Correct: Most provinces and territories have some form of catastrophic drug coverage, meaning they will assume the cost of very expensive drugs for specific health conditions when the family is unable to cover the expense.

3. Brand-name drugs cost more than generic drugs and are protected under a piece of

legislation called the Patent Act. How long are brand-name drug patents applicable in Canada?

a. b. c. d.

10 years 20 years 50 years As long as the company produces and distributes the brand-name drug

ANS: B

A

B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Currently, patents last 20 years, not 10 years, from the time the pharmaceutical company applies to the board for approval to sell the drug in Canada.

Correct: Currently, patents last 20 years from the time the pharmaceutical company applies to the board for approval to sell the drug in Canada.

Incorrect: Currently, patents last 20 years, not 50 years, from the time the pharmaceutical company applies to the board for approval to sell the drug in Canada.

Incorrect: Currently, patents last 20 years from the time the pharmaceutical company applies to the board for approval to sell the drug in Canada.

4. Service-based funding is one model of hospital funding. Which of the following is another

prevalent method to organize hospital funding? a. Capitation-based funding b. Block funding c. Canada Health Transfer d. Equalization payments ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Capitation-based funding is not a model of hospital funding.

Correct: Block funding determines a hospital’s funding based on its previous year’s expenditures and is still relatively prevalent across Canada.

Incorrect: The Canada Health Transfer is not a model of hospital funding.

Incorrect: Equalization payments are not a model of hospital funding.

5. Which of the following represents a change in practice that reduces hospital costs? a. Drug insurance plans b. Larger hospitals c. Same-day admissions d. Formation of regional health authorities ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Drug insurance plans are not a change in practice that reduces hospital costs.

Incorrect: Larger hospitals are not a change that reduces hospital costs.

Correct: Same-day admissions allow patients to have preoperative preparation done as outpatients, liberating inpatient hospital beds.

Incorrect: The formation of regional health authorities was not a change that

reduced hospital costs.

6. What can be a negative consequence of hospital merging? a. Lost seniority among staff may occur. b. There is more duplication of service. c. Roles of professionals are more clearly defined. d. Centralization of support services increases costs.

ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: Mergers often result in a disruption in a hospital’s culture, lost seniority, and displacement of staff members, either through a reorganization of positions or layoffs.

Incorrect: Merging of hospitals results in less duplication of service, which is a positive consequence.

Incorrect: The clear definition of professional roles can be a positive outcome of merging.

Incorrect: The centralization of support services results in reduced costs.

7. Which of the following is a reason for rising medication costs in the Canadian health care

system? a. Fewer employers offer drug insurance plans. b. More people are taking multiple medications. c. Drug patents now expire earlier than they once did. d. Birth rates are rising across Canada.

ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: Less availability of drug insurance plans will not contribute to the rising drug costs in Canada because these will be absorbed by the client.

Correct: Increased medication expenditures can be attributed to several factors, including the facts that more people are taking medications and more people are taking multiple medications.

Incorrect: The expiration of drug patents and the subsequent availability of generic drugs reduce drug costs.

Incorrect: A rising young, healthy population would not contribute to rising drug costs.

8. Which of the following is a common model of payment for physicians? a. The client pays for service. b. Physicians are remunerated based on their specialist referral rate. c. Municipalities retain physicians for a yearly salary. d. Physicians are remunerated on a fee-for-service (FFS) basis.

ANS: D

A

Feedback Incorrect: If a client is an eligible Canadian, he or she is prohibited from paying

B C D

for services.

Incorrect: Physicians are not remunerated based on the number of specialist referrals they make.

Incorrect: A municipality paying a yearly salary is not a method of payment for physicians.

Correct: Fee for service is a common model in which physicians submit a bill based on every service that they perform.

9. How are public long-term beds funded? a. Solely by the client b. Solely by the provincial or territorial government c. Co-payment between the client and the province or territory d. Solely by the municipality where the client is resident ANS: C

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: A client can opt to pay for private long-term care, but public long-term care is not funded in this way.

Incorrect: Long-term care is always contributed on some level by the client; the provincial or territorial government does not fund it entirely.

Correct: Most provinces or territories operate a system in which clients contribute to long-term care based on their financial ability, and the province or territory pays the balance.

Incorrect: The municipality where the client is resident does not contribute to long-term care bed costs.

10. What is capitation-based funding? a. A funding formula to pay physicians who participate in a primary care reform

group b. A funding formula that the federal government uses to award funding based on population c. A funding formula that allows clients to contribute to the cost of care d. A funding formula that allows the provincial or territorial government to contribute to the cost of care ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: Capitation-based funding is a funding formula for physicians who participate in primary care reform groups in which they receive funding based on the number of clients on their roster.

Incorrect: Capitation-based funding is not a federal funding method based on population.

Incorrect: Capitation-based funding is not a method of funding that allows clients to contribute to the cost of care.

Incorrect: Capitation-based funding is not a method of funding that allows the provincial or territorial government to contribute to the cost of care.

11. Which province or territory has the highest per capita health spending? a. Ontario b. Nunavut c. Yukon d. Northwest Territories ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Ontario is not the province with the highest per capita health spending.

Incorrect: Nunavut is not the territory with the highest per capita health spending.

Incorrect: Yukon is not the territory with the highest per capita health spending.

Correct: Northwest Territories is the territory with the highest per capita health spending.

12. With capitation-based funding, which patient would the doctor receive the most payment

for on an annual basis? a. A 6-year-old with the measles b. A 17-year-old pregnant single teenager c. A 32-year-old healthy man who is a farmer d. An 83-year-old patient with cardiovascular disease and arthritis ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: With capitation-based funding, a doctor would not receive the most payment for a 6-year-old with the measles on an annual basis.

Incorrect: With capitation-based funding, a doctor would not receive the most payment for a 17-year-old pregnant single teenager on an annual basis.

Incorrect: With capitation-based funding, a doctor would not receive the most payment for a 32-year-old healthy man who is a farmer on an annual basis.

Correct: With capitation-based funding, a doctor would receive the most payment for an 83-year-old patient with cardiovascular disease and arthritis on an annual basis.

13. What action must a hospital with a financial status ‘in the red’ take? a. Open additional beds b. Return the surplus funds to the ministry of health c. Increase services and staffing d. Find ways to reduce costs or to be approved for extra funding ANS: D

A B C

Feedback Incorrect: Opening additional beds is not an action a hospital with a financial status ‘in the red’ must take.

Incorrect: Returning surplus funds to the ministry of health is not an action a hospital with a financial status ‘in the red’ must take.

Incorrect: Increasing services and staffing is not an action a hospital with a

D

financial status ‘in the red’ must take.

Correct: Finding ways to reduce costs or to be approved for extra funding is an action a hospital with a financial status ‘in the red’ must take.

14. What is a major concern beyond the costs in the delivery of long-term care? a. Technological change b. Targeted drugs c. Upstream strategies d. Quality of care ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Technological change is not a major concern beyond the costs in the delivery of long-term care.

Incorrect: Targeted drugs is not a major concern beyond the costs in the delivery of long-term care.

Incorrect: Upstream strategies is not a major concern beyond the costs in the delivery of long-term care.

Correct: Quality of care is a major concern beyond the costs in the delivery of long-term care.

15. Which of the following models merges several hospitals under one administration but

maintains several sites? a. Quality-based procedure b. Vertical c. Population-based funding d. Horizontal ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The quality-based procedure model is not a model that merges several hospitals under one administration but maintains several sites.

Incorrect: The vertical model is not a model that merges several hospitals under one administration but maintains several sites.

Incorrect: The population-based funding model is not a model that merges several hospitals under one administration but maintains several sites.

Correct: The horizontal model is a model that merges several hospitals under one administration but maintains several sites.

16. What tax credit is available to individuals caring for an infirmed family member? a. Caregiver Right to Care Credit b. Infirm Dependent Credit c. Canada Caregiver Credit d. Family Caring Credit ANS: C

Feedback

A B C D

Incorrect: Caregiver Right to Care Credit is not a tax credit available to individuals caring for an infirmed family member.

Incorrect: Infirm Dependent Credit is not a tax credit available to individuals caring for an infirmed family member.

Correct: Canada Caregiver Credit is a tax credit available to individuals caring for an infirmed family member.

Incorrect: Family Caring Credit is not a tax credit available to individuals caring for an infirmed family member.

17. What is generally the most cost effective option for supporting individuals that require

continuing care? a. Home care b. Public lodges c. Long-term care facilities d. Private residential facility ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Home care is generally the most cost effective option for supporting individuals that require continuing care.

Incorrect: Public lodges are generally not the most cost effective option for supporting individuals that require continuing care.

Incorrect: Long-term care facilities are generally not the most cost effective option for supporting individuals that require continuing care.

Incorrect: Private residential facilities are generally not the most cost effective option for supporting individuals that require continuing care.

18. Which age demographic is most reliant on the health care system in Canada? a. Women between the ages of 20 and 40 b. Adults over the age of 75 c. Adults between the ages of 65 and 74 d. Infants and children aged 0 to 5 ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Women between the ages of 20 and 40 are not the age demographic that is most reliant on the health care system in Canada.

Correct: Adults over the age of 75 are the age demographic that is most reliant on the health care system in Canada.

Incorrect: Adults between the ages of 65 and 74 are not the age demographic that is most reliant on the health care system in Canada.

Incorrect: Infants and children aged 0 to 5 are not the age demographic that is most reliant on the health care system in Canada.

19. What are the two largest cost drivers of health human resources in Canada? a. Nurses and laboratory technologists b. Physicians and respiratory therapists

c. Physicians and nurses d. Drugs and technology ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Nurses and laboratory technologists are not the two largest cost drivers of health human resources in Canada.

Incorrect: Physicians and respiratory therapists are not the two largest cost drivers of health human resources in Canada.

Correct: Physicians and nurses are the two largest cost drivers of health human resources in Canada.

Incorrect: Drugs and technology are not the two largest cost drivers of health human resources in Canada.

20. What organization provides digital solutions for Canada’s health care system? a. Canada Health Infoway b. Canada Health Sense c. Canada Health Gate d. Canada Health Access Program ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Canada Health Infoway is the organization that provides digital solutions for Canada’s health care system.

Incorrect: Canada Health Sense is not the organization that provides digital solutions for Canada’s health care system.

Incorrect: Canada Health Gate is not the organization that provides digital solutions for Canada’s health care system.

Incorrect: Canada Health Access Program is not the organization that provides digital solutions for Canada’s health care system.

Chapter 05: Practitioners and Workplace Settings Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is an example of an alternative health care practitioner? a. Physician b. Aromatherapist c. Nurse d. Occupational therapist ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: A physician is not considered an alternative health care practitioner.

Correct: An aromatherapist is considered to be an alternative health care practitioner because aromatherapy is considered to be outside of mainstream medicine. Critics believe that treatment should be evidence-based before it is used.

Incorrect: A nurse is not considered an alternative health care practitioner.

Incorrect: An occupational therapist is not considered an alternative health care practitioner.

2. Which of the following two professions are regulated in every province and territory in

Canada? a. Nurse practitioner and reflexology b. Pharmacy and registered nursing c. General medicine and massage therapy d. General medicine and aromatherapy ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Reflexology is not a regulated health care profession.

Correct: Pharmacy and registered nursing are regulated in all provinces and territories.

Incorrect: Massage therapy is not regulated in all provinces and territories.

Incorrect: Aromatherapy is not a regulated health care profession.

3. Which of the following is a correct definition of evidence-informed? a. Having the endorsement of a religious organization b. Proven through client report c. Having the support of a drug company d. Demonstrated to be effective through high-quality scientific studies ANS: D

A

Feedback Incorrect: An endorsement of a therapy by a religious organization does not

B C D

mean that it is evidence-informed.

Incorrect: Client report of a therapy does not mean that it is evidence-informed.

Incorrect: A therapy supported by a drug company does not mean that it is evidence-informed.

Correct: Evidence-informed means that the therapy has been demonstrated to be effective through high-quality scientific studies.

4. What is meant by a controlled act? a. It is an act which may result in harm to a patient and must be performed only by

qualified members of a particular profession. b. It is an act that must be performed in controlled circumstances. c. It is an act that is potentially harmless and can be performed by any health care

professional. d. It is an act that is performed with a client’s consent.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: A controlled act is an act which may result in harm to a patient and must be performed only by qualified members of a particular profession.

Incorrect: An act that must be performed in controlled circumstances is not the definition of a controlled act.

Incorrect: An act that is potentially harmless and can be performed by any health care professional is not the definition of a controlled act.

Incorrect: An act that is performed with a client’s consent is not the definition of a controlled act.

5. Which of the following is a benefit of primary health care reform for health care

professionals? a. Increased salary b. More diverse work experience c. A supportive team environment d. Reduced work stress ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Increased salary is not necessarily a benefit of the primary health care reform group.

Incorrect: More diverse work experience is not necessarily a benefit of working in a primary health care reform group.

Correct: Health care professionals enjoy the benefit of a supportive team environment within a primary health care reform group.

Incorrect: Reduced work stress is not necessarily a benefit of working in a primary health care reform group.

6. What is the primary condition imposed on physicians who work in a primary health care

group? a. They must be willing to work on weekends.

b. They must be prepared to care for a specific number of older adult clients. c. They must be prepared to care for a specific number of families. d. They must agree to practice under specific guidelines to deliver primary care to a

population base.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Working on weekends is not a condition imposed on physicians who work in a primary health care reform group.

Incorrect: Caring for a specific number of older adult clients is not a condition imposed on physicians who work in a primary health care reform group.

Incorrect: Caring for a specific number of families is not a condition imposed on physicians who work in a primary health care reform group.

Correct: Physicians are bound to an agreement to practice under specific guidelines to deliver primary care to a population base.

7. Which population group would not benefit from rostering? a. Older adult clients b. College students c. Prenatal mothers d. Pediatric clients ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: Older adult clients would not be disadvantaged by rostering..

Correct: College students would not benefit from rostering because their place of residence is often temporary, and they might be required to seek health care elsewhere.

Incorrect: Prenatal mothers would not be disadvantaged by rostering.

Incorrect: Pediatric clients would not be disadvantaged by rostering

8. Which of the following is an example of an allied health professional? a. Optometrist b. Physicians c. Nurses d. Psychiatrists ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Optometrists are considered allied health professionals.

Incorrect: Physicians are not considered allied health professionals.

Incorrect: Nurses are not considered allied health professionals.

Incorrect: Psychiatrists are not considered allied health professionals.

9. Which of the following is a benefit of primary health care reform for clients? a. Access to the same physician for every appointment b. Access to a multidisciplinary team of health care specialists

c. Access to free medications d. Access to immediate radiological tests ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Primary health care reform does not guarantee access to the same physician for every appointment.

Correct: Primary health care reform benefits clients by giving them access to a multidisciplinary health care team.

Incorrect: Primary health care reform does not guarantee access to free medication.

Incorrect: Primary health care reform does not guarantee access to immediate radiological tests.

10. Which of the following is a primary reason for the shift to community-based care? a. To minimize the risk for hospital-based infections b. To address the needs of an aging population c. To address the needs of a younger population d. To improve access to health care services ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: The shift to community-based care has been made, in part, to reduce health care costs by shortening hospital stays, to enhance patient recovery, and to minimize the risk for hospital-based infections.

Incorrect: Addressing the needs of an aging population is not a primary reason for a shift to community-based care.

Incorrect: Addressing the needs of a younger population is not a primary reason for the shift to community-based care.

Incorrect: Improving access to health care is not a primary reason for the shift to community-based care.

11. Which of the following is a service offered at a harm reduction site? a. Management of a chronic condition such as diabetes. b. Offering of clean needles to individuals who use opioids. c. Provision of recommended childhood vaccinations. d. Provision of opioid replacement therapy.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Management of chronic conditions such as diabetes is not a service offered at a harm reduction site.

Correct: Harm reduction sites offer clean needles to individuals who use opioids.

Incorrect: Provision of recommended childhood vaccinations is not a service offered at a harm reduction site.

Incorrect: Provision of opioid replacement therapy is not a service offered at a harm reduction site.

12. Which of the following is an example of a person who is following the legal restrictions

around the use of a professional title? a. A nurse registered in another country identifies themselves as a registered nurse. b. A medical administrative assistant trained to give allergy shots calls themselves a nurse. c. A person in their second year of a respiratory therapy program calls themselves a respiratory therapist. d. A person trained in a long-term care centre calls themselves a health care aide.

ANS: D

A

B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: A nurse registered in another country that identifies themselves as a registered nurse is not following the legal restrictions around the use of a professional title.

Incorrect: A medical administrative assistant trained to give allergy shots is not following the legal restrictions around the use of a professional title.

Incorrect: A person in their second year of a respiratory therapy program that calls themselves a respiratory therapist is not following the legal restrictions around the use of a professional title.

Correct: A person trained in a long-term care centre that calls themselves a health care aide is following the legal restrictions around the use of a professional title.

13. Which of the following is an example of a delegated act? a. A health care professional performs an act that is within their scope of practice. b. A physician authorizes another health care provider to perform an act outside of

their scope of practice under their supervision. c. A rabbi circumcises a male child. d. A person with appropriate training provides first aid in an emergency.

ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: A health care professional that performs an act that is within their scope of practice is not an example of a delegated act.

Correct: A physician who authorizes another health care provider to perform an act outside of their scope of practice under their supervision is an example of a delegated act.

Incorrect: A rabbi circumcising a male child is not an example of a delegated act.

Incorrect: A person with appropriate training that provides first aid in an emergency is not an example of a delegated act.

14. Which of the following terms best describes a controlled act? a. The range of skills that a practitioner can perform competently. b. A procedure that may be performed only by authorized regulated health care

providers. c. An act that is delegated by a physician to another health care provider.

d. The restrictions around the use of a professional title.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The term that best describes a controlled act is not the range of skills that a practitioner can perform competently.

Correct: The term that best describes a controlled act is a procedure that may be performed only by authorized regulated health care providers.

Incorrect: The term that best describes a controlled act is not an act that is delegated by a physician to another health care provider.

Incorrect: The term that best describes a controlled act is not the restrictions around the use of a professional title.

15. Which of the following is an example of a specialist that focuses on the care of older

people? a. Geriatrician b. Internist c. Physiatrist d. Ophthalmologist ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: A geriatrician is an example of a specialist that focuses on the care of older people.

Incorrect: An internist is not an example of a specialist that focuses on the care of older people.

Incorrect: A physiatrist is not an example of a specialist that focuses on the care of older people.

Incorrect: An ophthalmologist is not an example of a specialist that focuses on the care of older people.

16. Which of the following are reasons clinics have gained prominence? a. Cost-effective, convenient, patient focused b. Increased patient visits, convenient, patient focused c. Cost-effective, convenient, health care provider focused d. Cost-effective, increased patient visits, patient focused ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Reasons clinics have gained prominence include being cost-effective, convenient and patient focused.

Incorrect: A reason clinics have gained prominence does not include increased patient visits.

Incorrect: Reasons clinics have gained prominence does not include being health care provider focused.

Incorrect: Reasons clinics have gained prominence do not include increased patient visits.

17. Which of the following has been cited as the most important element of primary care to

Canadians? a. Increasing home visits by health care providers. b. Improving access to same day appointments with health care providers. c. Minimizing the number of visits necessary for multiple health issues. d. Improving management of electronic health records.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Increasing home visits by health care providers has not been cited as the most important element of primary care to Canadians.

Correct: Improving access to same day appointments with health care providers has been cited as the most important element of primary care to Canadians.

Incorrect: Minimizing the number of visits necessary for multiple health issues has not been cited as the most important element of primary care to Canadians.

Incorrect: Improving management of electronic health records has not been cited as the most important element of primary care to Canadians.

18. Which of the following is true of the Community Health Centre (CHC) model? a. They are located only in rural and hard-to-serve areas. b. They accept patients who do not have provincial coverage. c. Staffing is mainly by physicians. d. Salaries are paid to staff by the communities they serve.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: CHCs are not located only in rural and hard-to-serve areas.

Correct: CHCs accept patients who do not have provincial coverage.

Incorrect: CHCs are not staffed mainly by physicians.

Incorrect: CHC staff are not paid by the communities they serve.

19. Which of the following terms best describes incentive billing? a. Family health teams receive money for increasing multidisciplinary professionals. b. Family health teams receive money for accepting additional patients. c. Physicians receive money for increasing the number of patient visits per day. d. Physicians receive money for providing preventive care such as immunizations.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Incentive billing is not best described as family health teams receiving money for increasing multidisciplinary professionals.

Incorrect: Incentive billing is not best described as family health teams receiving money for accepting additional patients.

Incorrect: Incentive billing is not best described as physicians receiving money for increasing the number of patient visits per day.

Correct: Incentive billing is best described as physicians receiving money for

providing preventive care such as immunizations.

20. Which of the following roles best describes an individual that provides leadership and

expertise in the management of clinical, administrative, and financial health information? a. Medical office clerk b. Administrative coordinator c. Medical Information Secretary professional d. Health Information Management professional ANS: D

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Medical office clerk does not best describe the role of an individual that provides leadership and expertise in the management of clinical, administrative, and financial health information.

Incorrect: Administrative coordinator does not best describe the role of an individual that provides leadership and expertise in the management of clinical, administrative, and financial health information.

Incorrect: Medical Information Secretary professional does not best describe the role of an individual that provides leadership and expertise in the management of clinical, administrative, and financial health information.

Correct: Health Information Management professionals provide leadership and expertise in the management of clinical, administrative, and financial health information.

Chapter 06: Essentials of Population Health in Canada Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the aim of a population health approach? a. To transform public health research into action. b. To focus on improving the health status of an individual. c. To focus on improving the health status of a targeted group. d. To develop an illness-focused health care system.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The aim of a population health approach is not to transform public health research into action.

Incorrect: The aim of a population health approach is not to focus on improving the health status of the individual.

Correct: The aim of a population health approach is to focus on improving the health status of a targeted group.

Incorrect: The aim of a population health approach is not to develop an illness-focused health care system.

2. Name one aspect of public health that differs from population health. a. Public health focuses on the implementation of health promotion initiatives. b. Public health is government funded; population health is not. c. Public health focuses on a scientific approach to health promotion. d. Public health deals with health information.

ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: Although public health and population health both deal with health promotion, public health programs often carry out recommendations made by population health studies, so they tend to focus more on applying measures than on gathering and analyzing information.

Incorrect: Both public health and population health can be funded by government.

Incorrect: Population health focuses on a scientific approach to health promotion.

Incorrect: Both public health and population health deal with health information.

3. On what principle did the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) identify determinants

of health? a. Individuals should have equal access to health care facilities. b. Health is influenced by the interaction of multiple determinants. c. Socialized medicine is costly. d. Health promotion should be a priority activity.

ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: The principle that individuals should have equal access to health care facilities did not help identify determinants of health.

Correct: The health of a population, population groups, and individuals is dependent on a combination of health determinants. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) identifies 12 determinants of health.

Incorrect: Cost of health care did not help identify determinants of health.

Incorrect: Health promotion being a priority activity did not help with the identification of determinants of health.

4. Which of the following are determinants of health? a. Medication, education, gender, and physical environment b. Physical environment, education, religion, and gender c. Birth order, income, education, and gender d. Income, education, gender, and physical environment ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Medication is not a determinant of health.

Incorrect: Religion has not been identified as a determinant of health.

Incorrect: Birth order has not been identified as a determinant of health.

Correct: Income, education, gender, and physical environment are all identified as determinants of health.

5. Which report was first in being instrumental in the development of population health in

Canada? a. The Lalonde Report b. The Epp Report c. The Trudeau Report d. The Romanow Report ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: In 1974, Marc Lalonde produced a report named A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians stating that health is determined by more than just biology and that improved health could be achieved through changes in the environment, lifestyle, and health care organizations.

Incorrect: The Epp Report did not start the development of population health.

Incorrect: The Trudeau Report did not start the development of population health.

Incorrect: The Romanow Report did not start the development of population health.

6. Which of the following agencies takes the lead role in Canada’s population health

approach?

a. b. c. d.

National Health Agency Medicare Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) The World Health Organization (WHO)

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The National Health Agency does not exist in Canada.

Incorrect: Medicare is responsible for delivery of care.

Correct: PHAC takes the lead role in implementing a population health approach to health care.

Incorrect: WHO influences the approach to population health in Canada, but it does not have direct involvement with the decision making.

7. What type of care did the Declaration of Alma-Ata put particular emphasis on? a. Tertiary health care b. Primary health care c. Private health care d. Socialized health care ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: The Declaration of Alma-Ata did not emphasize tertiary health care.

Correct: The Declaration of Alma-Ata recognized health as a fundamental right and challenged governments to develop strategies to improve primary health care.

Incorrect: The Declaration of Alma-Ata did not emphasize private health care.

Incorrect: The Declaration of Alma-Ata did not emphasize socialized health care.

8. Why has the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) developed a framework for

implementing population health? a. To obtain funding for health care b. To ensure statistical analysis of health c. To fulfill requirements of the World Health Organization (WHO) d. To facilitate the population health process ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The framework is not used to obtain funding.

Incorrect: The framework does not ensure statistical analysis.

Incorrect: The framework is not linked with WHO requirements.

Correct: The PHAC framework can act as a guide for researchers, policy advisors, educators, and other stakeholders.

9. According to Statistics Canada (2022) which of the following statements is true? a. The percentage of Canadians living in poverty is just below twenty-five percent.

b. The percentage of Canadians living in poverty is just below fifteen percent. c. The percentage of Canadians living in poverty is just below seven percent. d. There are no Canadians living in poverty.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: According to Statistics Canada (2022), the percentage of Canadians living in poverty is not just below twenty-five percent.

Incorrect: According to Statistics Canada (2022), the percentage of Canadians living in poverty is just below fifteen percent.

Correct: According to Statistics Canada (2022), the percentage of Canadians living in poverty is not just below seven percent, at 6.4%.

Incorrect: According to Statistics Canada (2022), there are Canadians living in poverty.

10. What has been a significant contributing factor to Canada’s aging population? a. Post-World War II baby boom. b. Increased immigration. c. Decreased longevity. d. Increased birth rates ongoing since the 1970’s.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Post-World War II baby boom has been a significant contributing factor to Canada’s aging population.

Incorrect: Increased immigration has not been a significant contributing factor to Canada’s aging population.

Incorrect: Decreased longevity has not been a significant contributing factor to Canada’s aging population.

Incorrect: Increased birth rates ongoing since the 1970’s has not been a significant contributing factor to Canada’s aging population.

11. What research data is used in evidence-informed decision making? a. Qualitative and clinical trials b. Qualitative and experimental c. Qualitative and quantitative d. Clinical trials and experimental ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Research data used in evidence-informed decision making does not include only qualitative research and clinical trials.

Incorrect: Research data used in evidence-informed decision making does not include only qualitative data and experimental research.

Correct: Research data used in evidence-informed decision making includes both qualitative and quantitative research.

Incorrect: Research data used in evidence-informed decision making does not

include only clinical trials and experimental research.

12. What are three factors considered in determining the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of a

group or individual? a. Culture, happiness, income b. Education, occupation, income c. Nutrition habits, income, confidence d. Alcohol intake, education, culture ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Culture and happiness are not factors considered in determining the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of a group or individual.

Correct: Education, occupation, and income are three factors considered in determining the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of a group or individual.

Incorrect: Nutrition habits and confidence are not factors considered in determining the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of a group or individual.

Incorrect: Alcohol intake and culture are not factors considered in determining the Socioeconomic Status (SES) of a group or individual.

13. What was one of five principles to emerge from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

in 1986? a. Day care costs are a responsibility of families. b. Individuals need to assume responsibility for their own health. c. Health promotion needs to be the exclusive responsibility of provinces. d. Primary care nurse practitioners should be the main contact for health care.

ANS: B

A B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: One of five principles to emerge from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986 was not that day care costs are a responsibility of families.

Correct: One of five principles to emerge from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986 was that individuals need to assume responsibility for their own health.

Incorrect: One of five principles to emerge from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986 was not that health promotion needs to be the exclusive responsibility of provinces.

Incorrect: One of five principles to emerge from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion in 1986 was not that primary care nurse practitioners should be the main contact for health care.

14. What is generally found to be the relationship between socioeconomic status and health? a. Socioeconomic status does not significantly impact level of health. b. Those living in the highest socioeconomic bracket enjoy the highest level of

health. c. Those living in the lowest socioeconomic bracket enjoy the highest level of health. d. Those living in a lower-class environment tend to be as healthy than those in a

middle-class group.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Socioeconomic status generally does significantly impact level of health.

Correct: Generally, those living in the highest socioeconomic bracket enjoy the highest level of health.

Incorrect: Generally, those living in the lowest socioeconomic bracket do not enjoy the highest level of health.

Incorrect: Generally, those living in a lower-class environment do not tend to be as healthy than those in a middle-class group.

15. Which 1996 report was the first to officially recognize and incorporate the determinants of

health into its findings and recommendations? a. Report on the Health of Canadians b. The Epp Report c. The Lalonde Report d. The Romanow Report ANS: A

A

B

C

D

Feedback Correct: The 1996 report that was the first to officially recognize and incorporate the determinants of health into its findings and recommendations was the Report on the Health of Canadians.

Incorrect: The 1996 report that was the first to officially recognize and incorporate the determinants of health into its findings and recommendations was not the Epp Report.

Incorrect: The 1996 report that was the first to officially recognize and incorporate the determinants of health into its findings and recommendations was not the Lalonde Report.

Incorrect: The 1996 report that was the first to officially recognize and incorporate the determinants of health into its findings and recommendations was not the Romanow Report.

16. Introduction of the Gardasil vaccine that prevents infection of certain types of the human

papilloma virus (HPV) is an example of what type of investment? a. Intersectoral b. Upstream c. Reactive d. Passive ANS: B

A

Feedback Incorrect: Introduction of the Gardasil vaccine that prevents infection of certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV) is not an example of intersectoral investment.

B

C

D

Correct: Introduction of the Gardasil vaccine that prevents infection of certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV) is an example of upstream investment.

Incorrect: Introduction of the Gardasil vaccine that prevents infection of certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV) is not an example of reactive investment.

Incorrect: Introduction of the Gardasil vaccine that prevents infection of certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV) is not an example of passive investment.

17. Which of the following is considered to be the most important determinant of health? a. Income and social status b. Gender identity c. Social environment d. Personal health practices and coping skills ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Income and social status is considered to be the most important determinant of health.

Incorrect: Gender identity is not considered to be the most important determinant of health.

Incorrect: Social environment is not considered to be the most important determinant of health.

Incorrect: Personal health practices and coping skills is not considered to be the most important determinant of health.

18. Which of the following lists best describes attributes of culture? a. Values, origin, ancestry b. Language, identity, religion c. Origin, ancestry, race d. Behaviours, values, attitudes ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Origin and ancestry do not best describe attributes of culture.

Incorrect: Language, identity, religion do not best describe attributes of culture.

Incorrect: Origin, ancestry, race do not best describe attributes of culture.

Correct: Behaviours, values, attitudes best describe attributes of culture.

19. Which key elements of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) approach are

considered particularly important as they reflect the very definition of population health? a. Focusing on the health of populations and addressing the determinants of health and their interactions. b. Basing decisions on evidence and increasing upstream investments. c. Focusing on the health of populations and applying multiple interventions and strategies.

d. Basing decisions on evidence and employing mechanisms for public involvement.

ANS: A

A

B

C

D

Feedback Correct: Key elements of the public health agency of Canada (PHAC) approach that are considered particularly important as they reflect the very definition of population health are focusing on the health of populations and addressing the determinants of health and their interactions.

Incorrect: Key elements of the public health agency of Canada (PHAC) approach that are considered particularly important as they reflect the very definition of population health are not basing decisions on evidence and increase upstream investments.

Incorrect: A key element of the public health agency of Canada (PHAC) approach that is considered particularly important as it reflects the very definition of population health is not applying multiple interventions and strategies.

Incorrect: key elements of the public health agency of Canada (PHAC) approach that are considered particularly important as they reflect the very definition of population health are not basing decisions on evidence and employing mechanisms for public involvement.

20. Which of the following lists best describes a person’s ethnicity? a. Religion, behaviours and social systems b. Ancestry, behaviours, belief systems c. Origin, language, and religion d. Values, attitudes, political beliefs ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Behaviours and social systems do not best describe a person’s ethnicity.

Incorrect: Behaviours and belief systems do not best describe a person’s ethnicity.

Correct: Origin, language, and religion best describe a person’s ethnicity.

Incorrect: Values, attitudes, political beliefs do not best describe a person’s ethnicity.

Chapter 07: Health and the Individual Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is the most current definition of wellness? a. The absence of disease b. The absence of risk factors in an individual’s life c. The perception that an individual has of his or her risk factors d. The way an individual feels about his or her health and quality of life ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The absence of disease does not define wellness; a person may feel well in spite of disease (e.g., a well-controlled diabetic).

Incorrect: The absence of risk factors does not define wellness.

Incorrect: The perception of risk factors does not define wellness.

Correct: This definition of wellness takes into account that an individual can describe himself or herself as well, even when he or she has a disease.

2. Historically, health was described as absence of disease. How did the World Health

Organization (WHO) define health in 1948? a. As a high level of physical fitness b. As a sense of wellness c. As being multidimensional, including physical, mental and social well-being d. As a condition caused by social circumstances ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Physical fitness is part of a state of health, but it is not multidimensional.

Incorrect: Wellness is part of a state of health, but it is not multidimensional.

Correct: In 1948, the WHO described health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Incorrect: Social circumstance is a factor in health, but it does not describe it.

3. Which of the following lists incorporates three holistic elements of wellness? a. Financial, physical, emotional b. Fitness, intellectual, spiritual c. Absence of disease, emotional, social d. Physical, emotional, intellectual ANS: D

A B

Feedback Incorrect: Financial health is not an element of wellness.

Incorrect: Fitness is not an element of wellness.

C D

Incorrect: The absence of disease is not an element of wellness.

Correct: Models of wellness have five to seven elements of health that contribute to wellness: physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social, environmental and occupational.

4. What does social wellness refer to? a. An ability to make appropriate, informed decisions b. Relating effectively to others c. An ability to understand oneself and to recognize personal strengths and

limitations d. Seeking meaning in life ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: An ability to make appropriate, informed decisions refers to intellectual wellness.

Correct: Social wellness is defined as relating effectively to others, including being able to form close, loving relationships, to laugh, to communicate effectively and emphatically, to be a good listener, and to respond appropriately.

Incorrect: An ability to understand oneself and to recognize personal strengths and limitations refers to emotional wellness.

Incorrect: Seeking meaning in life refers to spiritual wellness.

5. A personal support worker is asked by his patient what an exacerbation of his disease

means. Which of the following is the correct response? a. The patient is showing a worsening of the signs of his disease. b. The patient is showing no symptoms of his disease at the present time. c. The patient is showing a group of symptoms. d. The patient is feeling unhealthy, even though he has no active disease at the present time.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: An exacerbation of a disease is when a patient shows a reappearance of the symptoms of a disease or shows an increase in the severity of a disease.

Incorrect: Showing no symptoms of a disease is a definition of remission.

Incorrect: Showing a group of symptoms is a definition of a syndrome.

Incorrect: Feeling unhealthy, even though one has no active disease at the present time, is a way of describing illness.

6. How is the holistic model of health described? a. It is a model that states that health is the absence of disease. b. It is a model that proposes that health is a process that evolves and progresses. c. It is a model that considers all parts of the person. d. It is a model that measures one’s state of health.

ANS: C

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: A model that states that health is the absence of disease refers to the medical model.

Incorrect: A model that proposes that health is a process that evolves and progresses refers to the wellness model.

Correct: The holistic model of health considers all parts of the person. For example, when a client has newly diagnosed hypertension, health professionals will consider weight, risk behaviors, diet, stress, and ability to follow a medication regime.

Incorrect: A model that measures one’s state of health refers to the health illness continuum.

7. Which of the following are examples of self-imposed risk behaviors? a. Smoking, sedentary lifestyle, low income b. Smoking, sexual promiscuity, sedentary lifestyle c. Smoking, substandard living conditions, sedentary lifestyle d. Smoking, sedentary lifestyle, lack of education ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Financial income is not necessarily controlled by the individual.

Correct: An individual has a choice about all of these risk behaviors, so they are self-imposed risks.

Incorrect: Living conditions are not necessarily controlled by the individual.

Incorrect: Level of education is not necessarily controlled by the individual.

8. Compensation lies at the center of the health illness continuum. What does this mean? a. The client is close to an optimal health state. b. The client is close to a poor health state. c. The client is in an optimal physical health state but is mentally unhealthy. d. The client is neither in an optimal nor poor health state but is able to continue with

life activities.

ANS: D

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Compensation does not occur when a patient is close to an optimal health state.

Incorrect: Compensation does not occur when a patient is close to a poor health state.

Incorrect: The health illness continuum looks at all dimensions of health. If an individual is mentally unhealthy and unable to continue with life even though he or she is physically healthy, then the individual is not compensated.

Correct: Compensation occurs when an individual is able to accommodate an illness/disease and resume or adapt to his or her daily activities.

9. What behavior might be observed during the acknowledgement stage of illness? a. The individual is unable to ignore his or her symptoms and seeks help.

b. The individual denies the diagnosis and seeks a second opinion. c. The individual acknowledges the presence of symptoms and continues with his or

her regular activities. d. The individual analyzes his or her symptoms and self-treats.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Seeking help is indicative of the individual acknowledging that something is wrong.

Incorrect: Denial is a behavior associated with the transitional stage.

Incorrect: Acknowledgment of the presence of symptoms and the continuation of one’s regular activities are seen in the preliminary phase.

Incorrect: Analysis of one’s own symptoms and self-treatment are seen in the preliminary phase.

10. Which of the following is a definition of sick role behavior? a. The inability to accept a diagnosis b. The change of behavior of hospitalized clients c. A person’s response to disease or illness d. Noncompliance to medication schedule ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Denial can be seen in the transitional phase of the stages of illness.

Incorrect: Change of behavior is an example, not a definition, of sick role behavior.

Correct: Sick role behavior is an individual’s response to illness, also referred to as a behavioral illness response.

Incorrect: Noncompliance to medication schedule is an example, not a definition, of sick role behavior.

11. What term best describes a symptom-free period of a long-term disease? a. Exacerbation b. Remission c. Exculpation d. Remittal ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Exacerbation does not describe a symptom-free period of a long-term disease.

Correct: Remission describes a symptom-free period of a long-term disease.

Incorrect: Exculpation does not describe a symptom-free period of a long-term disease.

Incorrect: Remittal does not describe a symptom-free period of a long-term disease.

12. What is a criticism of the medical model? a. The emphasis is on prevention. b. The scope is too narrow. c. It is impossible to achieve. d. It is focused on the determinants of health.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: A criticism of the medical model is not that the emphasis is on prevention.

Correct: A criticism of the medical model is that the scope is too narrow.

Incorrect: A criticism of the medical model is not that it is impossible to achieve.

Incorrect: A criticism of the medical model is not that it is focused on the determinants of health.

13. Which of the following is a health model that considers the mental, physical, cultural, and

spiritual well-being of an individual and the entire community? a. Wellness model b. Holistic model c. Medicine wheel theory d. Indigenous wholistic theory for health ANS: D

A

B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: A health model that considers the mental, physical, cultural, and spiritual well-being of an individual and the entire community is not the wellness model.

Incorrect: A health model that considers the mental, physical, cultural, and spiritual well-being of an individual and the entire community is not the holistic model.

Incorrect: The Medicine wheel theory is not a health model.

Correct: A health model that considers the mental, physical, cultural, and spiritual well-being of an individual and the entire community is the Indigenous Wholistic Theory for health.

14. Which of the following is the correct order of selected steps in the transtheoretical model

of health behaviour? a. Contemplation, maintenance, termination b. Termination, action, maintenance c. Action, contemplation, termination d. Preparation, pre-contemplation, termination ANS: A

A

Feedback Correct: The transtheoretical model of health behaviour proposes that people must progress through a series of stages before their behaviour changes. The steps are: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

B C D

and termination.

Incorrect: The steps of the transtheoretical model are: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination.

Incorrect: The steps of the transtheoretical model are: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination.

Incorrect: The steps of the transtheoretical model are: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination.

15. Which of the following is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both males and

females? a. Colorectal cancer b. Breast cancer c. Pneumonia d. Lung cancer ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Colorectal cancer is not the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both males and females.

Incorrect: Breast cancer is not the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both males and females.

Incorrect: Pneumonia is not the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both males and females.

Correct: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both males and females.

16. Which of the following describes a disease that occurs when there is a blockage of blood

flow leading to the brain? a. High blood cholesterol b. Cerebrovascular disease c. Cardiovascular disease d. Peripheral vascular disease ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: High blood cholesterol does not describe a disease that occurs when there is a blockage of blood flow leading to the brain.

Correct: Cerebrovascular disease describes a disease that occurs when there is a blockage of blood flow leading to the brain.

Incorrect: Cardiovascular disease does not describe a disease that occurs when there is a blockage of blood flow leading to the brain.

Incorrect: Peripheral vascular disease does not describe a disease that occurs when there is a blockage of blood flow leading to the brain

17. Which of the following are considered primary risk factors for the development of

cardiovascular disease? a. Inactivity, smoking and weight loss

b. Inactivity, obesity and low blood pressure c. Inactivity, smoking and high cholesterol d. Smoking, low blood pressure, obesity ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Weight loss is not considered a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.

Incorrect: Low blood pressure is not considered a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.

Correct: Primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, inactivity and obesity.

Incorrect: Low blood pressure is not considered a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.

18. What statistic is often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a country’s health care

system? a. Mortality rates from heart disease b. Cancer-related death rate c. Infant mortality rate d. Life expectancy ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Mortality rates from heart disease are not often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a country’s health care system.

Incorrect: Cancer-related death rates are not often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a country’s health care system.

Correct: The infant mortality rate is often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a country’s health care system.

Incorrect: Life expectancy is not often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a country’s health care system.

19. Over the past several decades, how has the infant mortality rate in Canada changed? a. Increased, more slowly than other developed nations b. Decreased, more slowly than other developed nations c. Increased, more quickly than other developed nations d. Decreased, more quickly than other developed nations ANS: B

A B C

Feedback Incorrect: Over the past several decades, the infant mortality rate in Canada has decreased.

Correct: Over the past several decades, the infant mortality rate in Canada has decreased, more slowly than other developed nations.

Incorrect: Over the past several decades, the infant mortality rate in Canada has decreased.

D

Incorrect: Over the past several decades, the infant mortality rate in Canada has decreased, more slowly than other developed nations.

20. What behaviour might be observed during the transitional phase stage of illness? a. The individual is unable to ignore his or her symptoms and seeks medical help. b. The individual receives a diagnosis and seeks a second opinion. c. The individual acknowledges the presence of symptoms and continues with his or

her regular activities. d. The individual analyzes his or her symptoms and self-treats.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Seeking help is indicative of the acknowledgement phase.

Correct: Seeking a second opinion might be observed during the transitional phase stage of illness.

Incorrect: Acknowledgement of the presence of symptoms and the continuation of one’s regular activities are seen in the preliminary phase.

Incorrect: Analysis of one’s own symptoms and self-treatment are seen in the preliminary phase.

Chapter 08: The Law and Health Care Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In Canada, over what area does the federal government have legal jurisdiction in relation

to health care? a. The administration of a drug insurance plan b. Provincial or territorial health insurance plans c. Designating services available at hospitals d. Drug laws ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The federal government does not have legal jurisdiction over the administration of drug insurance plans.

Incorrect: The federal government does not have legal jurisdiction over the administration of provincial or territorial health insurance plans.

Incorrect: The federal government does not have legal jurisdiction over the administration of hospitals.

Correct: The federal government attends to Canada’s drug laws through the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

2. Over what health care area does the provincial or territorial government have legal

jurisdiction? a. Prison health services b. Drug laws c. Hospital maintenance d. Quarantine requirements ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The provincial government does not have legal jurisdiction over prison health services.

Incorrect: The provincial government does not have legal jurisdiction over drug laws.

Correct: The provincial or territorial government has legal jurisdiction over the maintenance of hospitals.

Incorrect: The provincial government does not have legal jurisdiction over quarantine requirements.

3. Which of the following is impacted by federal legislation? a. The advertising of cannabis products b. The standardization of nurse-to-patient ratios c. The implementation of drug insurance plans d. The regulation of nurse education

ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: The Federal Government has the authority to determine what type of cannabis-related products may be sold across Canada, and to approve the packaging and advertising of products.

Incorrect: Federal legislation does not impact nurse-to-patient ratios.

Incorrect: Federal legislation does not impact drug insurance plans.

Incorrect: Federal legislation does not impact the regulation of nurse education.

4. Name one effect of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Act on the work

environment. a. Employees have the right to overtime pay. b. Employees have the right to be informed about potential safety and health hazards. c. Employees have the right to refuse to wear protective equipment. d. Employees have the right to flexible working hours.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The OHS Act does not give employees the right to overtime pay.

Correct: The OHS Act gives the employee the right to be informed about potential safety and health hazards at work.

Incorrect: The OHS Act does not give employees the right to refuse to wear protective equipment.

Incorrect: The OHS Act does not give employees the right to flexible working hours.

5. Under the Canada Health Act, is access to public health care guaranteed? a. Yes, all Canadians will receive medically necessary services. b. No, the Canada Health Act is federal legislation that a province or territory could

choose to ignore. c. Yes, the provinces and territories are legally bound by the Canada Health Act to

provide access. d. No, access is restricted to at-risk age groups and lower income levels.

ANS: B

A B

C

Feedback Incorrect: Only qualified Canadians are eligible for insured medically necessary services.

Correct: The Canada Health Act states that qualified Canadians are eligible for insured health care for medically necessary services, but this is not a guarantee.

The principles of the Act can be ignored by the provinces and territories, although this could result in a loss of financial contribution of health care programs.

Incorrect: The provinces and territories are not bound by law to adhere to the Act, so application varies among jurisdictions, depending on such factors as interpretation, resources, and finances.

D

Incorrect: Access to public health care is not determined based on age or income.

6. Which of the following is a challenge regarding electronic health information? a. Confidentiality b. Portability c. Accessibility d. Continuity of care ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Confidentiality is a challenge in relation to electronic health information.

Incorrect: Portability is not a challenge in relation to electronic health information.

Incorrect: Accessibility is not a challenge in relation to electronic health information.

Incorrect: Continuity of care is not a challenge in relation to electronic health information.

7. What can a client do if they discover a breach of confidentiality, regardless of whether the

breach was intentional? a. The client has no recourse if they discover a breach of confidentiality. b. The client can only bring a lawsuit if the breach was intentional. c. The client can demand that the employee responsible for the breach lose their job. d. The client can bring a lawsuit against the individual responsible.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The client does have recourse if there is a breach of confidentiality.

Incorrect: The client can bring a lawsuit regardless of whether the breach was intentional or not.

Incorrect: The loss of the employee’s job would be a result of action taken by the employer.

Correct: The client can bring a lawsuit against the individuals responsible for a breach of confidentiality.

8. Which two federal acts contribute to privacy of health care information? a. The Privacy Act and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms b. The Privacy Act and the Canada Health Act c. The Privacy Act and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic

Documents Act d. The Privacy Act and the Personal Information Protection Act ANS: C

A B

Feedback Incorrect: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is not an act.

Incorrect: The Canada Health Act contributes to access to health care.

C

D

Correct: The Privacy Act and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) contribute to confidentiality of health care information on the federal level.

Incorrect: The Personal Information Protection Act is a provincial act (British Columbia).

9. Which type of advance directive gives the decision maker the latitude to make decisions

on a situational basis? a. Proxy b. Process c. Instructional d. Informed ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Proxy advance directives provide principles to be followed, but give the decision maker the latitude to make decisions on a situational basis.

Incorrect: Process advance directives are not a type of advance directive.

Incorrect: Instructional advance directives are not a type of advance directive that gives the decision make the latitude to make decisions on a situational basis.

Incorrect: Informed advance directives are not a type of advance directive.

10. What specific age defines a minor in Canada when it comes to providing independent

consent to treatment? a. Under 16 years of age. b. Under 18 years of age. c. Under 21 years of age. d. No age is specified.

ANS: D

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: No specific age defines a minor when it comes to providing independent consent to treatment or to requesting treatment without a parent’s knowledge.

Incorrect: No specific age defines a minor when it comes to providing independent consent to treatment or to requesting treatment without a parent’s knowledge.

Incorrect: No specific age defines a minor when it comes to providing independent consent to treatment or to requesting treatment without a parent’s knowledge.

Correct: Contrary to popular belief, in most jurisdictions, no specific age defines a minor when it comes to providing independent consent to treatment or to requesting treatment without a parent’s knowledge. As long as the minor fully understands the treatment and its risks and benefits, they can make an informed decision about accepting or rejecting the treatment, and health care providers must respect their wishes.

11. Which of the following laws protects an individual who helps someone in distress and

something goes wrong? a. Contract b. Whistleblower c. Good Samaritan d. Fiduciary ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Contract laws are not laws that protect an individual who helps someone in distress and something goes wrong.

Incorrect: Whistleblower law is not a law.

Correct: Good Samaritan laws protect an individual who helps someone in distress and something goes wrong.

Incorrect: Fiduciary law is not a law.

12. Which of the following term describes laws that are made by judges in deciding cases? a. Statutory b. Common c. Civil d. Constitutional ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Statutory laws are not laws that are made by judges in deciding cases.

Correct: Common laws are laws that are made by judges in deciding cases.

Incorrect: Civil laws are not laws that are made by judges in deciding cases.

Incorrect: Constitutional laws are not laws that are made by judges in deciding cases.

13. Name one contentious issue related to medical assistance in dying (MAiD)? a. The lethal medication must be administered by a physician. b. People with dementia can make the decision in advance. c. The person must be of sound mind. d. The lethal medication must be self-administered.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: A contentious issue related to MAiD is not that the lethal medication must be administered by a physician.

Incorrect: A contentious issue related to MAiD is not that people with dementia can make the decision in advance.

Correct: A contentious issue related to MAiD is that the person must be of sound mind.

Incorrect: A contentious issue related to MAiD is not that the lethal medication must be self-administered.

14. What is the age requirement to be eligible for medical assistance in dying (MAID)? a. At least 18 years of age b. Over 16 years of age and deemed to be a ‘mature minor’ c. Over 21 years of age d. No age is specified ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: The age requirement to be eligible for MAID is at least 18 years of age .

Incorrect: The age requirement to be eligible for MAID is not over 16 years of age and deemed to be a ‘mature minor’.

Incorrect: The age requirement to be eligible for MAID is not over 21 years of age.

Incorrect: The age requirement to be eligible for MAID is specified as at least 18 years of age

15. What is the best way for an individual to give consent to be an organ donor in most

jurisdictions in Canada? a. Signing a donor card if under the age of 16. b. Signing a donor card and discussing their wishes with family. c. Consent does not need to be given as it is presumed. d. Signing a donor card only.

ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: Signing a donor card if under the age of 16 is not the best way for an individual to give consent to be an organ donor in most jurisdictions in Canada.

Correct: Signing a donor card and discussing their wishes with family is the best way for an individual to give consent to be an organ donor in most jurisdictions in Canada.

Incorrect: Consent must be given to be an organ donor in Canada.

Incorrect: Signing a donor card only is not the best way for an individual to give consent to be an organ donor in most jurisdictions in Canada.

16. What group do unions represent and advocate for? a. Patients b. Employers c. Workers d. Power of attorneys ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Unions do not represent and advocate for patients.

Incorrect: Unions do not represent and advocate for employers.

Correct: Unions represent and advocate for workers.

Incorrect: Unions do not represent and advocate for power of attorneys.

17. Use of which of the following drugs has led to a national crisis in Canada? a. Opioids b. Benzodiazepines c. Tranquilizers d. Cannabis ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Use of opioids has led to a national crisis in Canada.

Incorrect: Use of benzodiazepines has not led to a national crisis in Canada.

Incorrect: Use of tranquilizers has not led to a national crisis in Canada.

Incorrect: Use of cannabis has not led to a national crisis in Canada.

18. Which of the following is an example of an intentional tort? a. A respiratory therapist mistakenly uses the wrong drug when giving an inhalation

treatment to a child. b. A nurse forgets to put up the side rail of a bed. c. A physiotherapist misjudges a patient’s ability to ambulate, resulting in a fall the

first time the patient tries to get up independently. d. A health care aide proven to have treated a patient roughly, resulting in injury to

the patient.

ANS: D

A B C

D

Feedback Incorrect: A respiratory therapist mistakenly using the wrong drug when giving an inhalation treatment to a child is not an example of an intentional tort.

Incorrect: A nurse forgetting to put up a bed side rail is not an example of an intentional tort.

Incorrect: A physiotherapist misjudging a patient’s ability to ambulate, resulting in a fall the first time they try to get up independently is not an example of an intentional tort.

Correct: A health care aide proven to have treated a patient roughly, resulting in injury to the patient is an example of an intentional tort.

19. What term is used to describe a member of an organization who reports misconduct so that

corrective action can be taken? a. Good Samaritan b. Notifier c. Informant d. Whistleblower ANS: D

A B

Feedback Incorrect: Good Samaritan is not the term used to describe a member of an organization who reports misconduct so that corrective action can be taken.

Incorrect: Notifier is not the term used to describe a member of an organization who reports misconduct so that corrective action can be taken.

C D

Incorrect: Informant is not the term used to describe a member of an organization who reports misconduct so that corrective action can be taken.

Correct: Whistleblower is the term used to describe a member of an organization who reports misconduct so that corrective action can be taken.

20. State a reason why Canadians cannot purchase private insurance for medically necessary

procedures? a. Every province has its own rules and regulations. b. There is a fear of creating a two-tiered health care system. c. The cost is prohibitive. d. The Affordable Care Act covers medically necessary procedures.

ANS: B

A

B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: A reason why Canadians cannot purchase private insurance for medically necessary procedures is not that every province has its own rules and regulations.

Correct: A reason why Canadians cannot purchase private insurance for medically necessary procedures is that there is a fear of creating a two-tiered health care system.

Incorrect: A reason why Canadians cannot purchase private insurance for medically necessary procedures is not that the cost is prohibitive.

Incorrect: A reason why Canadians cannot purchase private insurance for medically necessary procedures is not that the Affordable Care Act covers medically necessary procedures.

Chapter 09: Ethics and Health Care Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following describes the concept of morality? a. A person’s obligations in response to another’s claims on him or her b. The freedom to make one’s own decisions c. The beliefs about what is right and wrong that guide a person’s decisions d. A code of conduct put forward by a group to guide behaviour ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: A person’s obligations in response to another’s claims on him or her is a description of sense of duty.

Incorrect: The freedom to make one’s own decisions is a description of self-determination.

Correct: The beliefs about what is right and wrong that guide a person’s decisions are a description of values.

Incorrect: A code of conduct put forward by a group to guide behaviour.

2. Ethics is the study of: a. standards of right and wrong in human behavior. b. moral obligations of health care professionals. c. philosophy. d. laws related to health care.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Ethics is the study of standards of right and wrong in human behavior.

Incorrect: The study of moral obligations of health care professionals is not a definition of ethics.

Incorrect: The study of philosophy is not a definition of ethics.

Incorrect: The study of laws related to health care is not a definition of ethics.

3. What is the definition of the ethical principle of nonmaleficence? a. It encompasses the duty to promote good. b. It is related to preserving a person’s right to self-determination. c. It encompasses the duty to refrain from harming another person. d. It is related to establishing a trusting relationship between health professional and

client.

ANS: C

A

Feedback Incorrect: An ethical principle encompassing the duty to promote good is a definition of beneficence.

B C D

Incorrect: An ethical principle related to preserving a person s right to self-determination is a definition of autonomy.

Correct: Nonmaleficence is an ethical principle encompassing the duty to refrain from harming another person.

Incorrect: An ethical principle related to a trusting relationship between health professional and client is a definition of a fiduciary relationship.

4. Which of the following situations represents a violation of a professional boundary? a. A physician going on vacation with one of her patients b. A nursing unit receiving a gift after the patient has left c. A physiotherapist becoming running partners with a former client d. A physician referring care of his sister-in-law to a colleague ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: Entering into a personal relationship like going on vacation together) with a client that a health professional has an ongoing professional relationship with is considered a violation of a professional boundary.

Incorrect: Generally, receiving a gift after the professional relationship has ended is not considered a violation of a professional boundary.

Incorrect: Having a friendship with a former client is generally not seen to be a violation of a professional boundary.

Incorrect: Referring a family member to a colleague instead of treating him or her personally is an example of respecting professional boundaries.

5. Why is beneficence an important ethical theory in health care? a. It forms the basis for charters of human rights. b. It allows decisions to be guided by rules set out by a higher power. c. It encompasses the act of doing good. d. It prevents a client from having self-determination.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Forming the basis for charters of human rights is not the reason that beneficence is important in health care.

Incorrect: Allowing decisions to be guided by a higher power is not the reason that beneficence is important in health care.

Correct: Beneficence encompasses the act of doing good or being kind and is one of the foundations of health care ethics.

Incorrect: Preventing a client from having self-determination is not the reason that beneficence is important in health care.

6. Which of the following end-of-life issues raises an ethical dilemma? a. Maintaining quality of life b. Adopting a palliative model of care c. Following an advance directive d. Withdrawal of nutritional support

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Maintaining quality of life is one of the principles of palliative care.

Incorrect: Adopting a palliative care model allows professionals and families to attend solely to the comfort needs of the client.

Incorrect: An advance directive often solves ethical dilemmas because it clearly states the client s wishes.

Correct: Withdrawal of nutritional support is withdrawing life-sustaining treatment and raises an ethical dilemma because it is an action that will actively cause death.

7. What is considered the most rigid ethical theory? a. Deontological theory b. Divine command ethics c. Virtue ethics d. Teleological theory ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Deontological theory is not considered the most rigid ethical theory.

Correct: Divine command ethics is considered the most rigid ethical theory.

Incorrect: Virtue ethics is not considered the most rigid ethical theory.

Incorrect: Teleological theory is not considered the most rigid ethical theory.

8. Why does organ transplantation raise ethical concerns? a. Donor organs are a limited resource. b. It is a recognized medical intervention. c. It is only considered when all other options have been exhausted. d. There are more donor organs available than recipients.

ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: Donor organs are in very short supply compared to the number of people that require them. This means that decisions must be made about who will receive an organ and who will not.

Incorrect: Being a recognized medical intervention is not the reason that transplantation raises ethical concerns.

Incorrect: Considering donor organs after all other options have been exhausted is not the reason that transplantation raises ethical concerns.

Incorrect: Having more donor organs available than recipients is not the reason that transplantation raises ethical concerns. In fact, there are fewer donor organs available than recipients.

9. Which of the following is an ethical issue brought about by genetic testing? a. It allows an individual to make informed decisions about his or her health. b. An individual may be discriminated against based on the result.

c. It allows potential parents to make informed decisions about having children. d. It allows for scheduling of a suitable hospital for birth if a child is likely to need

support.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Allowing an individual to make informed decisions about his or her health is not an ethical issue in genetic testing.

Correct: Based on the result of a genetic test, an individual may be refused employment or life insurance.

Incorrect: Allowing potential parents to make informed decisions about having children is a benefit of genetic testing.

Incorrect: Allowing for the scheduling of a suitable hospital for birth if a child is likely to need support is an advantage of genetic testing.

10. What is compassionate interference? a. Consulting with family members about treatment b. Administering analgesia even if the client has not asked for it c. Withdrawal of life-prolonging treatment d. Imposing treatment deemed to be in the client’s best interest against his or her will ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Consulting with family members about treatment is not considered compassionate interference.

Incorrect: Administering analgesia even if the client has not asked for it is not considered compassionate interference.

Incorrect: Withdrawal of life-prolonging treatment is not considered compassionate interference.

Correct: Compassionate interference is the imposition of treatment against a client’s will when deemed to be in the client’s best interest.

11. Are health care practitioners obliged to actively participate in medical assistance in dying

(MAID)? a. Yes, based on legal requirements. b. No, based on divine command ethics. c. Yes, based on duty to care. d. No, based on conscientious objection.

ANS: D

A B C

Feedback Incorrect: Health care practitioners are not obliged to actively participate in MAID. Incorrect: The basis which health care practitioners are not obliged to actively participate in MAID is not divine command ethics.

Incorrect: Health care practitioners are not obliged to actively participate in MAID.

D

Correct: Based on conscientious objection, health care practitioners are not obliged to actively participate in MAID..

12. Name the form of palliative care that is provided in a facility especially designed for

patients in the latter stages of a terminal illness? a. Hospice b. Hostel c. Lodge d. Sanatorium ANS: A

A

B

C

D

Feedback Correct: The form of palliative care that is provided in a facility especially designed for patients in the latter stages of a terminal illness is called hospice care.

Incorrect: The form of palliative care that is provided in a facility especially designed for patients in the latter stages of a terminal illness is not called hostel care.

Incorrect: The form of palliative care that is provided in a facility especially designed for patients in the latter stages of a terminal illness is not called lodge care.

Incorrect: The form of palliative care that is provided in a facility especially designed for patients in the latter stages of a terminal illness is not called sanatorium care.

13. Which of the following levels of care provides comfort and supportive measures only for a

resident at the end-of-life in a long-term care home? a. Level 1 b. Level 2 c. Level 3 d. Level 4 ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: The level of care that provides comfort and supportive measures only for a resident at the end-of-life in a long-term care home is Level 1.

Incorrect: The level of care that provides comfort and supportive measures only for a resident at the end-of-life in a long-term care home is not Level 2.

Incorrect: The level of care that provides comfort and supportive measures only for a resident at the end-of-life in a long-term care home is not Level 3.

Incorrect: The level of care that provides comfort and supportive measures only for a resident at the end-of-life in a long-term care home is not Level 4.

14. In which of the following ethical theories is a moral and honest action taken, regardless of

the outcome? a. Divine command ethics b. Deontological theory

c. Teleological theory d. Virtue ethics ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The ethical theory in which a moral and honest action is taken, regardless of the outcome is not divine command ethics.

Correct: The ethical theory in which a moral and honest action is taken, regardless of the outcome is deontological theory.

Incorrect: The ethical theory in which a moral and honest action is taken, regardless of the outcome is not teleological theory.

Incorrect: The ethical theory in which a moral and honest action is taken, regardless of the outcome is not virtue ethics.

15. Which type of justice relates to acting in a fair and impartial manner? a. Distributive b. Compensatory c. Procedural d. Paternalistic ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The type of justice that relates to acting in a fair and impartial manner is not distributive justice.

Incorrect: The type of justice that relates to acting in a fair and impartial manner is not compensatory justice.

Correct: The type of justice that relates to acting in a fair and impartial manner is procedural justice.

Incorrect: Paternalistic justice is not a type of justice.

16. Are health care providers obliged to perform abortions? a. Yes, based on duty to care. b. No, based on divine command ethics. c. Yes, based on legal requirements. d. No, based on conscientious objection.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Health care providers are not obliged to perform abortions.

Incorrect: The basis on which health care providers are not obliged to perform abortions is not divine command ethics.

Incorrect: Health care providers are not obliged to perform abortions.

Correct: Health care providers are not obliged to perform abortions based on conscientious objection due to religious or moral beliefs.

17. Which of the following ethical theories looks at the ethical character of the person making

a decision, rather than at their reasoning?

a. b. c. d.

Divine command ethics Teleological theory Virtue ethics Deontological theory

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The ethical theory that looks at the ethical character of the person making a decision, rather than at their reasoning is not divine command ethics.

Incorrect: The ethical theory that looks at the ethical character of the person making a decision, rather than at their reasoning is not teleological theory.

Correct: The ethical theory that looks at the ethical character of the person making a decision, rather than at their reasoning is virtue ethics.

Incorrect: The ethical theory that looks at the ethical character of the person making a decision, rather than at their reasoning is not deontological theory.

18. Which ethical principle recognizes the right of an individual to make independent

decisions without coercion? a. Beneficence b. Autonomy c. Fidelity d. Justice ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The ethical principle that recognizes the right of an individual to make independent decisions without coercion is not beneficence.

Correct: The ethical principle that recognizes the right of an individual to make independent decisions without coercion is autonomy.

Incorrect: The ethical principle that recognizes the right of an individual to make independent decisions without coercion is not fidelity.

Incorrect: The ethical principle that recognizes the right of an individual to make independent decisions without coercion is not justice.

19. Which ethical principle requires health care providers to adhere to their professional codes

of ethics and practice their skills competently? a. Beneficence b. Justice c. Fidelity d. Autonomy ANS: C

A

B

Feedback Incorrect: The ethical principle that requires health care providers to adhere to their professional codes of ethics and practice their skills competently is not beneficence.

Incorrect: The ethical principle that requires health care providers to adhere to

C D

their professional codes of ethics and practice their skills competently is not justice.

Correct: The ethical principle that requires health care providers to adhere to their professional codes of ethics and practice their skills competently is fidelity.

Incorrect: ethical principle requires health care providers to adhere to their professional codes of ethics and practice their skills competently is not autonomy.

20. What is the primary responsibility of an Ethics Committee? a. Evaluating unethical acts b. Providing guidance in making controversial medical decisions c. Compiling research for policy development d. Educating health care providers on ethics ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: The primary responsibility of an Ethics Committee is to evaluate and make recommendations about acts perceived as unethical.

Incorrect: An Ethics committee may provide guidance in making controversial medical decisions, but it is not their primary responsibility.

Incorrect: An Ethics committee may compile research for policy development, but it is not their primary responsibility.

Incorrect: An Ethics Committee may provide some education, but it is not their primary responsibility.

Chapter 10: Current Issues and Emerging Trends in Canadian Healthcare Thompson: Health and Health Care Delivery in Canada, 4th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Approximately 20% of Canadian experience some form of mental illness in any calendar

year. How many will seek support for their illness? a. Less than 25%. b. Less than half of these individuals will seek support c. More than 50%. d. Over 75%.

ANS: B

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: More than 25% of people seek services Correct: Less than 50% seek services.

Incorrect: Less than 50% seek services.

Incorrect: Less than 50% seek services.

2. Which of the following are challenges facing health care services for people with mental

illness? a. Underfunding and limited availability of services b. Underfunding and an increase in graduating psychiatric nurses c. A lack of strategic planning and high immigration rates d. A lack of strategic planning and an increase in general practitioners ANS: A

A

B C D

Feedback Correct: Underfunding and a limited availability of services are challenges facing mental health care services. Wait times for community-based and outpatient programs can be anywhere from 6 to 18 months or longer.

Incorrect: An increase in graduating nurses is not a challenge facing mental health care services.

Incorrect: High immigration rates is not a challenge facing mental health care services.

Incorrect: An increase in general practitioners is not a challenge facing mental health care services.

3. What was one of the key factors contributing to the disproportionate morbidity and

mortality rates among long-term care residents during the pandemic? a. An excess supply of long-term care beds b. More care provided at home and in the community c. Gaps in infection prevention and control measures d. More physicians specializing in gerontology ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: An excess supply of long-term care beds did not contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates.

Incorrect: More care being provided at home did not contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates.

Correct: Gaps in infection prevention and control measures contributed to morbidity and mortality rates .

Incorrect: More physicians specializing in gerontology did not contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates.

4. How many Canadians over 15 years-of-age are estimated to be caregivers of an aging

loved one? a. One half b. Two thirds c. One tenth d. One quarter ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: One quarter of Canadians, not one half, are estimated to be designated caregivers of an aging loved one.

Incorrect: One quarter of Canadians, not two thirds, are estimated to be designated caregivers of an aging loved one.

Incorrect: One quarter of Canadians, not one tenth, are estimated to be designated caregivers of an aging loved one.

Correct: One quarter of Canadians are estimated to be designated caregivers of an aging loved one.

5. Which of the following is identified as a significant barrier to a national electronic health

record (EHR) system? a. The public does not trust that privacy can be maintained. b. There is not sufficient government funding to implement the system. c. The current systems operate in isolation and do not have the ability to ‘talk’ to each other. d. There is no uniform vocabulary of technical language across the provinces and territories.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: A significant barrier to a national EHR system is not that the public does not trust that privacy can be maintained.

Incorrect: A significant barrier to a national EHR system is not insufficient funding to implement the system.

Correct: A significant barrier to a national EHR system is that current systems operate in isolation and do not have the ability to ‘talk’ to each other.

Incorrect: A significant barrier to a national EHR system is not that there is no uniform vocabulary of technical language.

6. Which of the following is an action that has been taken to manage the opioid crisis? a. Narcan kits made widely available. b. Health care access costs reduced. c. National pharmacare program created. d. Safe consumption sites reduced.

ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Narcan kits (the antidote to opioids) are available in numerous locations such as pharmacies and walk-in clinics.

Incorrect: Health care access reduction is not an action that has been taken to manage the opioid crisis.

Incorrect: National pharmacare program creation is not an action that has been taken to manage the opioid crisis.

Incorrect: Safe consumption site reduction is not an action that has been taken to manage the opioid crisis.

7. What is the main goal of Reaching Home: Canada’s Homeless Strategy? a. Eliminate homelessness in Canada by 2050. b. Dictate the usage of funds in each community. c. Reduce homelessness in Canada by 50% in a 10-year time frame. d. Address the underlying causes of homelessness in Canada.

ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Eliminating homelessness by 2050 is not the main goal of Reaching Home: Canada’s Homeless Strategy.

Incorrect: The Federal Government does not specifically dictate how funds are to be used in each community.

Correct: The new goal of Reaching Home: Canada’s Homeless Strategy is to reduce homelessness in Canada by 50% within a 10-year frame.

Incorrect: Addressing underlying causes of homelessness in Canada is not the main goal of Reaching Home: Canada’s Homeless Strategy.

8. Choose a challenge facing home care services. a. Insufficient numbers of nurses wanting to work in the community. b. Increased availability of long-term beds. c. High costs compared to long-term residential care services. d. Insufficient resources to meet the demand for services.

ANS: D

A B

Feedback Incorrect: Insufficient numbers of nurses wanting to work in the community is not a challenge being faced by home care services.

Incorrect: Increased availability of long-term beds is not a challenge being faced by home care services.

C D

Incorrect: High costs compared to long-term care residential services is not a challenge being faced by home care services.

Correct: Insufficient resources to meet the demand for home care services is a challenge being faced by home care services. .

9. Which of the following are research mandates for the Indigenous Health Research Support

Office? a. Mental illness, multiple sclerosis, eating disorders. b. Mental wellness, alcohol use disorder, obesity. c. Covid-19, diabetes, opioid addiction. d. Mental wellness, tuberculosis, diabetes.

ANS: D

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Mental illness, multiple sclerosis, and eating disorders are not research mandates for the Indigenous Health Research Support Office. .

Incorrect: Alcohol use disorder and obesity are not primary research mandates for the Indigenous Health Research Support Office. .

Incorrect: Covid-19 and opioid addiction are not primary research mandates for the Indigenous Health Research Support Office.

Correct: Mental wellness, tuberculosis, and diabetes are research mandates for the Indigenous Health Research Support Office.

10. What are three advantages of virtual mental health support services? a. Shorter wait times, no access to treatment apps, and 24/7 access to health

professionals b. 24/7 access to health professionals, not having to go to a clinic, and services

provided in English c. Shorter wait times, not having to go to a clinic, and access to services in preferred

language. d. Shorter wait times, 24/7 access, and professional diagnoses ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: Shorter wait times and access to treatment apps are not the three advantages.

Incorrect: 24/7 access to a health professional and not having to go to a clinic are not the three advantages.

Correct: Shorter wait times, and not having to go to a clinic, and access to services in preferred language are three advantages.

Incorrect: Shorter wait times and professional diagnoses are not the three advantages.

11. Which of the following groups are not a responsibility of the federal government for the

delivery of mental health and addiction services? a. Immigrants b. Status Indians and Inuit

c. Military veterans d. Federal penitentiary inmates ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Immigrants are not a responsibility of the federal government for the delivery of mental health and addiction services.

Incorrect: Status Indians and Inuit are a responsibility of the federal government for the delivery of mental health and addiction services.

Incorrect: Military veterans are a responsibility of the federal government for the delivery of mental health and addiction services.

Incorrect: Federal penitentiary inmates are a responsibility of the federal government for the delivery of mental health and addiction services

12. What percentage of people over the age of 40 experience some form of mental health

issues in any calendar year? a. 20% b. 35% c. 50% d. 80% ANS: C

A B C D

Feedback Incorrect: The percentage of people over the age of 40 who experience some form of mental health issues is not 20%.

Incorrect: The percentage of people over the age of 40 who experience some form of mental health issues is not 35%.

Correct: The percentage of people over the age of 40 who experience some form of mental health issues is 50%.

Incorrect: The percentage of people over the age of 40 who experience some form of mental health issues is not 80%.

13. Does Canada have a national strategy for that addresses the needs of aging Canadians in

terms of equality and consistency of care? a. Yes; the ELDERS Act b. No; however, there is agreement that a strategy should be developed c. Yes; the Canadian Long Term Care Strategy d. No; an effective strategy exists at the provincial and territorial level ANS: B

A B C

Feedback Incorrect: Canada does not have a national strategy of caring for aging Canadians.

Correct: Canada does not have a national strategy of caring for aging Canadians, however there is agreement that a strategy should be developed.

Incorrect: Canada does not have a national strategy of caring for aging Canadians.

D

Incorrect: A framework exists in most jurisdictions; however, it varies in scope and effectiveness.

14. What is one of the challenges hospitals face in term of cybersecurity? a. Finding and retaining talented IT staff b. Too many cybersecurity tools from which to choose c. Lack of security protocols d. The need for both external (public access) and internal networks ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: Finding and retaining talented IT staff is one of the challenges hospitals face in term of cybersecurity.

Incorrect: Too many cybersecurity tools from which to choose is not one of the challenges hospitals face in term of cybersecurity.

Incorrect: Lack of security protocols is not one of the challenges hospitals face in term of cybersecurity.

Incorrect: The need for both external (public access) and internal networks is not one of the challenges hospitals face in term of cybersecurity.

15. Which report addresses the impact that residential schools had and continue to have on

Indigenous peoples? a. Indigenous and Northern Affairs Report b. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action c. Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada: Calls to Action d. Report on the Indian Act of Canada ANS: B

A B

C D

Feedback Incorrect: There is not an Indigenous and Northern Affairs report.

Correct: The report that addresses the impact that residential schools had and continue to have on Indigenous peoples is called the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action.

Incorrect: There is not a Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada: Calls to Action report.

Incorrect: There is not a Report on the Indian Act of Canada.

16. What is the primary factor contributing to the current health care crisis in Canada? a. Acute shortage of human health resources b. Closure of hospitals and/or emergency departments c. Privatization of health services d. Lack of pan-Canadian standards of care ANS: A

A

Feedback Correct: Acute shortage of human health resources is the primary factor contributing to the current healthcare crisis.

B C D

Incorrect: Closure of hospitals and/or emergency departments is not the primary factor contributing to the current healthcare crisis.

Incorrect: Privatization of health services is not the primary factor contributing to the current healthcare crisis.

Incorrect: Lack of pan-Canadian standards of care is not the primary factor contributing to the current healthcare crisis.

17. In what situations do provinces and territories share some responsibilities with the federal

government for people who require mental health and addiction services? a. The person is not a Canadian citizen b. The person becomes involved with the criminal justice system c. The person refuses treatment d. The person moves from one province or territory to another within Canada ANS: B

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: Provinces and territories do not share responsibilities with the federal government for people who require mental health and addiction services when the person is not a Canadian citizen.

Correct: Provinces and territories share some responsibilities with the federal government for people who require mental health and addiction services when the person becomes involved with the criminal justice system.

Incorrect: Provinces and territories do not share responsibilities with the federal government for people who require mental health and addiction services when the person refuses treatment.

Incorrect: Provinces and territories do not share responsibilities with the federal government for people who require mental health and addiction services when the person moves from one province or territory to another within Canada.

18. If a facility’s electronic health management system is hacked, what is one action that must

be taken by the facility management? a. Notify everyone believed to have been compromised b. Hire new IT staff c. Shut down the entire system d. Move patients to a different facility ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: If a facility’s electronic health management system is hacked, managers must notify everyone believed to have been compromised. .

Incorrect: If a facility’s electronic health management system is hacked, managers don’t necessarily hire new IT staff.

Incorrect: If a facility’s electronic health management system is hacked, managers do not shut down the entire system.

Incorrect: If a facility’s electronic health management system is hacked, managers don’t move patients to a different facility.

19. What organization was created with funding from the federal government in response to

the mental health and substance use concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic? a. MindBender b. Wellness Together Canada c. Canadian Mental Health Association d. Society for Mental Wellness ANS: B

A

B

C

D

Feedback Incorrect: MindBender was not created with funding from the federal government in response to the mental health and substance use concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic Correct: Wellness Together Canada was created with funding from the federal government in response to the mental health and substance use concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Incorrect: Canadian Mental Health Association was not created with funding from the federal government in response to the mental health and substance use concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Incorrect: Society for Mental Wellness was not created with funding from the federal government in response to the mental health and substance use concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic

20. To address the healthcare crisis, Ontario passed a plan to allow hospitals to discharge

patients occupying acute care beds to alternative accommodation up to 150 km away from the community of residence. This is controversial because: a. Transfer can be done without a patient’s consent b. The cost of transportation is high c. There is a lack of alternative level of care facilities d. Healthcare providers oppose the practice ANS: A

A B C D

Feedback Correct: This is controversial because transfer can be done without a patient’s consent.

Incorrect: This is not controversial because the cost of transportation is high.

Incorrect: This is not controversial because there is a lack of alternative level of care facilities.

Incorrect: This is not controversial because healthcare providers oppose the practice.