TEST BANK for Counseling and Therapy for Couples An Integrative Model, 1st edition By Mark Young, Se

TEST BANK Test Item File

Jayna Mumbauer-Pisano

Counseling and Therapy for Couples An Integrative Model First Edition

Mark E. Young Professor Emeritus, University of Central Florida

Sejal M. Barden University of Central Florida

Lynn L. Long Orlando, Florida

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: The Couple Is a Unique System

1

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

1

Essay Examination Questions

3

Chapter 2: Couples and Culture

4

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

4

Essay Examination Questions

7

Chapter 3: The Integrative Model

9

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

9

Essay Examination Questions

11

Chapter 4: The Integrative Model Part 2: Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5

13

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

13

Essay Examination Questions

16

Chapter 5: The Assessment of Couples and Their Problems

17

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

17

Essay Examination Questions

20

Chapter 6: Techniques and Foundational Practices in Couples Counseling

21

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

21

Essay Examination Questions

23

Chapter 7: LGBTQ+ Couples

25

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

25

Essay Examination Questions

27

Chapter 8: Communication and Relationship Education

29

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Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

29

Essay Examination Questions

32

Chapter 9: Sex and Intimacy for Couples

33

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

33

Essay Examination Questions

35

Chapter 10: Infidelity in Couples

37

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

37

Essay Examination Questions

39

Chapter 11: Violence and Trauma in Couple Relationships

40

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

40

Essay Examination Questions

42

Chapter 12: Counseling Couples with Addictions

43

Multiple-Choice Examination Questions

43

Essay Examination Questions

45

Answer Key

47

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Chapter 1: The Couple Is a Unique System

Chapter 1: The Couple Is a Unique System Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. Which of the following are distinctions between a family or friend relationship and a couple relationship according to Bubenzer and West (1992)? a. A couple relationship contains a balance of stability and growth, while family and friend relationships usually do not require continuous improvement/spontaneity. b. Friend and family relationships have a past, present, and future, while a couple relationship often relies on their shared memories. c. Resentment is a common experience in the couple relationship but does not present itself in friend or family relationships. d. A couple relationship is not easily distinguished from a friend or family relationship excluding sexual interaction.

2. Which of the following questions is expected to be a constant question that members of a couple ponder? a. “Where do I see myself in five years?” b. “What is my partner’s favorite thing about me?” c. “What aspects of my behavior affect my partner?” d. “Who does my partner expect me to be, and how does that compare to me now?”

3. Which of the following is a unique challenge associated with couples counseling? a. Couples are often unmotivated to engage in counseling. b. One member of a couple tends to be submissive and disengaged in counseling. c. Couples develop destructive patterns of behavior in which both people collude. d. Couples are resistant to discussing the past.

4. A vertical stressor refers to: a. Internal perceptions that an individual brings to the relationship from the family of origin b. Predictable life cycle stressors such as a child leaving home for college c. Unpredictable stressors such as an unexpected death or illness d. Pressures or obligations stemming from the nuclear family 5. A horizontal stressor refers to: a. Internal perceptions that an individual brings to the relationship from the family of origin b. Predictable life cycle stressors such as a child leaving home for college c. Unpredictable stressors such as an unexpected death or illness d. Pressures or obligations stemming from the nuclear family 1 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 1: The Couple Is a Unique System

6. Which of the following describes the relationship between a couples counselor and the couple? a. The relationship often involves enmeshment and codependency. b. The relationship is more complicated and may involve jealousy or competition. c. The relationship mirrors that of individual counseling. d. The relationship is stronger and more resilient to therapeutic ruptures.

7. Systems level stressors include: a. Clashes over religion b. The pressure to have children c. Career pressures d. All of the above 8. Obergefell v Hodges (2015) is: ersus

a. The definition of common law marriage b. The Supreme Court case that legalized same-sex marriage c. The law that requires individuals to be 18 years old to be married d. The right to “marry, establish a home, and bring up children” 9. Which of the following statements is true? a. College educated women are less likely to marry than non-college-educated women. b. Single people have more satisfying and more frequent sex than married people. c. Cohabitation decreases the likelihood of divorce. d. The arrival of children decreases satisfaction for both members of a couple.

10. Intimacy: a. Requires setting boundaries b. Involves expressing feelings c. Is impacted by expectations stemming from family of origin d. All of the above 11. Power differentials: a. Refer to whether one partner has more influence in making decisions or whether the couple shares power in the decision-making process b. Refer to how the couple manages control in conflict c. Refer to the degree of competition and cooperation in a marriage d. All of the above 12. All of the following are examples of myths commonly held by couples EXCEPT: a. If we love each other, we should be happy at all times. b. We should always be completely honest with the other person.

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Chapter 1: The Couple Is a Unique System

c. We should want to be together all the time. d. Having a child will be a strain on our marriage.

13. All of the following are tasks of marriage proposed by Wallerstein (1993) EXCEPT: a. Establishing new relationships to family of origin b. Establishing the sexual identity of the couple c. Establishing the marriage as a zone of safety and nurturing d. Establishing effective communication strategies 14. A healthy relationship is characterized by: a. A belief in relative rather than absolute truth b. A commitment to being partners, not friends c. The ability to avoid conflict d. All of the above 15. Which of the following is a predictable issue or dynamic that all couples encounter? a. Boundary violations b. Conflicts between individual and couple needs c. Dealing with expectations from family of origin d. All of the above Essay Examination Questions 1. Describe four unique challenges associated with couples counseling.

2. Describe two of the five ethical issues that you may encounter as a couples therapist.

3. Describe marriage trends in the United States. How has marriage been redefined in recent years?

4. Identify three characteristics of healthy marriages.

5. What are the seven psychological tasks associated with marriage described in the book?

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Chapter 2: Couples and Culture

Chapter 2: Couples and Culture Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. Why do couples experience cultural clashes? a. Each member of a couple believes that their own family’s way of doing things is normal and should extend to the couple relationship. b. Different patterns of communication create misunderstandings and increase conflict within a couple relationship. c. When cultural differences are a concern, couples rarely speak about these issues directly. d. Cultural differences often contribute to a lack of emotional intimacy.

2. Which of the following is a responsibility of the couples therapist? a. Couples counselors must recognize how cultural differences are impacting the couple. b. Couples counselors must recognize how the cultural background of each member of the couple is impacting the counseling. c. Couples counselors must recognize how the cultural backgrounds of the couple impact the counseling process. d. All of the above 3. Intersectionality refers to: a. The recognition that there is a wide range of differences in human beings, including ethnic, socioeconomic, geographic, and academic backgrounds b. A set of shared physical characteristics that could be used to classify individuals into different groups c. The degree with which an individual identifies with their culture d. A person’s makeup along the dimensions of gender, race, religion/spirituality, age, ability status, sexual orientation, and so on, and the effects of privilege and marginalization 4. Diversity refers to: a. The recognition that there is a wide range of differences in human beings, including ethnic, socioeconomic, geographic, and academic backgrounds b. A set of shared physical characteristics that could be used to classify individuals into different groups c. The degree to which an individual identifies with their culture d. A person’s makeup along the dimensions of gender, race, religion/spirituality, age, ability status, sexual orientation, and so on, and the effects of privilege and marginalization 5. Ethnicity refers to: 4 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 2: Couples and Culture

a. Physical differences between individuals b. A socially constructed concept that has little utility c. Shared characteristics that can be used to classify individuals into different groups d. Degree of belonging to a national or cultural group 6. Multicultural counseling consists of: a. Awareness b. Knowledge c. Skills d. All of the above 7. Why is cultural humility important for counselors? a. Cultural humility reflects a commitment to social justice. b. Cultural humility demonstrates your willingness as a counselor to become a student and learn about another’s background without judgment or presumptions. c. Cultural humility involves expertise in different cultural backgrounds. d. All of the above 8. The prevalence of interracial couples has in the United States has: a. Increased b. Decreased c. Fluctuated d. Remained consistent across time 9. Regarding race relations in the United States: a. Most people say race relations are getting worse. b. Most people say race relations are getting better. c. Most people say race relations have stayed consistent across time. d. Most people say they are less aware of race relations in our current sociopolitical climate.

10. When race and ethnicity differences are a focal issue for the couple, Parker (2018) recommends: a. Providing psychoeducation on inter-racial relationships b. Fostering healthy communication patterns c. Continually focusing on team problems and solutions and helping the couple see diversity as a strength d. Role reversal 11. What is the difference between religion and spirituality? a. Spirituality refers to the belief in a higher power, whereas religion refers to membership in a group and shared beliefs and practices.

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Chapter 2: Couples and Culture

b. Spirituality refers to rituals and practices, whereas religion refers to a set of beliefs. c. Spirituality is a characteristic of an individual, and religion is a characteristic of a group. d. Both A and B 12. What is counseling’s relationship with religion and spirituality? a. Since Freud rejected religion as an “illusion,” there has been a focus in counseling and therapy on unhealthy kinds of religion. However, there is now a growing recognition of the importance of religion and spirituality to an individual’s worldview and culture. b. The counseling field has always embraced religion and spirituality as an essential component of an individual’s worldview and culture. c. Spirituality and religiosity have historically been viewed as separate to mental health. d. Spirituality and religiosity must be approached delicately in the counseling process.

13. What does the research say about the relationship between sexuality and spirituality? a. When couples perceive their sexual bond as reflecting a spiritual dimension, they are more likely to report greater sexual satisfaction and intimacy. b. When couples perceive their sexual intimacy as separate from their spirituality, they are more likely to report greater sexual satisfaction. c. The relationship between sexuality and spirituality often causes turmoil and conflict in relationships. d. There is no relationship between sexuality and spirituality.

14. What are some ways religion and spirituality create conflict in relationships? a. Differences in beliefs about discipline b. Differences in beliefs about sex c. Differences in beliefs about separation and divorce d. All of the above 15. What are microaggressions? a. Derogatory words or behavior, intentional or not, that disparage one’s culture b. Overt instances of discrimination c. The tendency for groups to “favor” themselves by rewarding group members economically, socially, psychologically, or emotionally d. Results of the use of institutional power and privilege where one person or group benefits at the expense of another 16. Which of the following is an assessment tool appropriate for culturally diverse couples?

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Chapter 2: Couples and Culture

a. The genogram b. Multiple Heritage Couple Questionnaire c. ADDRESSING Model d. All of the above 17. Loving v Virginia (1967) is: ersus

a. The right to “marry, establish a home, and bring up children” b. The Maryland state Supreme Court case that legalized interracial adoption c. The law that requires individuals to be 18 years old to be married d. The Supreme Court case that banned all laws preventing interracial marriages 18. Which of the following historical events led to greater acceptance of multiple heritages? a. Expanding racial/ethnic profiles on the census and allowing Americans to choose two or more racial categories b. The election of Barack Obama c. The case of Loving v Virginia d. All of the above .rs

Essay Examination Questions 1. What are some questions you might ask to assess cultural issues during the initial assessment?

2. What are the 10 components of the ADDRESSING Model?

3. Describe an intervention that might be helpful in working with a couple where cultural differences are the main presenting concern.

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Chapter 3: The Integrative Model

Chapter 3: The Integrative Model Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. All of the following are commonalities across couples counseling approaches EXCEPT: a. Improving communication b. Modifying dysfunctional interactional behavior c. Soliciting advice d. Eliciting avoided private behavior 2. What does the circular model of causation refer to? a. When couples try to determine who caused the problem and what needs to change b. When couples form a team to tackle a problem together c. A change in perspective that occurs when myths and misconceptions are challenged d. The behaviors of each person in the relationship impact each other and the relationship 3. Why is blame unproductive in couples therapy? a. Blame implies linear causation, which leads couples to try to determine who caused the problem and who needs to change b. Blame may lead the therapist to “side” with one member of the couple c. Blame is only beneficial when the origin of the problem is clearly defined d. All of the above 4. Why is it essential for the couple to form a team? a. The couple must be convinced that working together is the most effective road to personal satisfaction. b. The therapist must bring the couple together and help them see their problem as an outside force. c. The couple must feel empowered and mutually responsible. d. All of the above 5. Why must a counselor assess for violence, substance use, and the presence of major mental disorders? a. These issues may point to divorce being the best path forward. b. These issues can undermine couples work if not identified early. c. Group therapy is more productive for these issues. d. Doing so helps ensure safety in the counseling process.

6. The stages of the integrative model are: 9 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3: The Integrative Model

a. Intake, Diagnosis, Goal-Setting, Intervention, Termination b. Rapport Building, Joining as a Team, Setting Goals, Celebrating Successes c. Assessment, Team Building, Intervention, Maintenance d. Assessment, Goal Setting, Interventions, Maintenance, Validation 7. What types of couples are not suitable for counseling? a. Out-of-the-door couples who have already decided to separate b. Couples who have other issues that need to be treated first c. Couples who have trouble abstaining from arguing d. All of the above 8. Why must couples learn maintenance tasks? a. Couples must remain optimistic through the duration of therapy. b. When under pressure, couples often revert to old patterns. c. Maintenance tasks bring the couple closer to their goals. d. Maintenance tasks lead to individual and couple satisfaction.

9. The assessment phrase of the integrative model consists of: a. Understanding each member’s viewpoint, gathering information, and creating an interactive definition b. Externalizing the problem and setting behavioral and affective goals c. Assessing each member’s strengths and designing interventions d. All of the above 10. The maintenance phase of the integrative model consists of: a. Externalizing the problem and setting behavioral and affective goals b. Challenging commitment and identifying roadblocks c. Celebrating success and building in follow-up strategies d. Creating an interactive definition of the problem 11. The validation phase of the integrative model consists of: a. Externalizing the problem and setting behavioral and affective goals b. Challenging commitment and identifying roadblocks c. Celebrating success and building in follow-up strategies d. Termination and appropriate referrals 12. Which of the following are responsibilities of the counselor in Stage 1 of the integrative model? a. Facilitate disclosure of concerns from each partner b. Complete thorough assessment c. Negotiate an interactive definition of the problem d. All of the above 10 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 3: The Integrative Model

13. Which of the following is true about couple’s buy-in? a. Each member of the couple must have buy-in for couples counseling to work. b. While one member may initially have buy-in, a couples therapist can help both members of the couple have buy-in as therapy progresses. c. Buy-in is ideal but not necessary for couples counseling. d. All couples who seek couples counseling have buy-in.

14. An interactive definition of the problem must be: a. Concrete b. Solvable c. Based on a shared perspective d. All of the above 15. When couples cannot buy into a shared definition of the problem, how can a couples therapist proceed? a. Refer the members of the couple to individual therapists b. Terminate the counseling relationship c. Broach the topic of separation and divorce d. Make goal clarification itself the issue to be worked on 16. What task must be completed by the couple in Stage 1 of the integrative model? a. The genogram b. Character Strength Assessment c. An interactive definition of the problem d. Identifying roadblocks 17. All of the following are responsibilities of the couple in Stage 1 of the integrative model EXCEPT: a. Being honest about concerns b. Providing accurate information through assessment c. Conflict resolution d. Agreeing to an interactive definition of the problem Essay Examination Questions 1. What is the primary rationale for using an integrative model of couples counseling?

2. How can a counselor understand each member’s viewpoint?

3. Why is hope essential to couples counseling?

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Chapter 4: The Integrative Model Part 2: Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5

Chapter 4: The Integrative Model Part 2: Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. Which statement is true regarding diagnosis of relationship issues? a. There are several diagnoses in the DSM specific to couple relationships. b. The DSM has diagnoses for individuals with relationship problems, but traditionally it does not identify specific kinds of couple relationships. c. Most couples counselors believe that diagnostic formulations are stigmatizing and do not capture the whole person or relationship. d. Both B and C 2. One commonly observed behavioral pattern among couples is the A-frame relationship, which is characterized by: a. Members of a couple distancing themselves and leading completely separate lives b. Each member of the couple strictly defining roles and being lost without the other c. One member of the couple always seeking more intimacy than the other seems to want d. One partner taking care of the other and assuming the bulk of the responsibilities in the relationship 3. One commonly observed behavioral pattern among couples is the parallel relationship, which is characterized by: a. Members of a couple distancing themselves and leading completely separate lives b. Each member of the couple strictly defining roles and being lost without the other c. One member of the couple always seeking more intimacy than the other seems to want d. One partner taking care of the other and assuming the bulk of the responsibilities in the relationship 4. One commonly observed behavioral pattern among couples is the parent-child relationship, which is characterized by: a. Members of a couple distancing themselves and leading completely separate lives b. Each member of the couple strictly defining roles and being lost without the other c. One member of the couple always seeking more intimacy than the other seems to want d. One partner taking care of the other and assuming the bulk of the responsibilities in the relationship 5. The hallmark of Stage 2 of the integrative model is: 13 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4: The Integrative Model Part 2: Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5

a. Coming to a consensus of the problem b. Transforming the problem into goals c. Facilitating healthy communication patterns d. Expressing gratitude 6. All of the following are goal-setting guidelines EXCEPT: a. Start with the loftiest goals first. b. Choose goals that the couple is ready, willing, and able to achieve. c. Translate vague words into action and connect with feelings. d. Reframe therapy as a joint project that requires hard work.

7. Most therapists believe that real change involves change in all three areas of human functioning: a. Cohesion, connection, compassion b. Cognitive, behavioral, affective c. Social, emotional, psychological d. Perception change, physical change, emotional change 8. Behavioral changes are important because: a. Seeing new behaviors in oneself or one’s partner engenders hope and optimism b. Behavioral changes lead to lowering of emotional arousal c. Behavioral changes involve a perception shift and increased compassion for the other member of the couple d. All of the above 9. Which of the following is true regarding emotions? a. Emotions appear to be significant factors in a couple’s decision to stay together. b. Emotions can be an important source of dissatisfaction that brings couples to counseling. c. Couples want to regain the initial good feelings that they had about their relationship and their partners. d. All of the above 10. Which of the following steps summarizes Stage 2 of the integrative model? a. Assess the problem and set SMART goals. b. Externalize the problem and set behavioral and affective goals. c. Commit to the counseling process and brainstorm goals. d. Explore presenting concerns and set objectives.

11. Stage 3 of the Integrative Model involves: a. Addressing differences and defining the problem b. Implementing interventions proposed by the therapist and the couple’s needs and backgrounds 14 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 4: The Integrative Model Part 2: Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5

c. Assessing the couple’s needs and helping them identify a shared definition of the problem d. All of the above 12. If a couple is angry and resentful, what is one way the counselor can help the couple find strengths? a. Ask each member of the couple what they appreciated about their partner at the beginning of the relationship. b. Suggest a joint activity that the couple can do together to reconnect. c. Give the couple a few examples of character strengths. d. Suggest that each member of the couple take a strengths assessment.

13. When does Stage 4 of the integrative model begin? a. When the goal is concretely defined b. When substantial progress has been made on the initial goal c. When the couple’s unique strengths have been identified d. When conflict in session has decreased 14. Which stage of the integrative model is the most delicate? a. Assessment b. Goal-setting c. Interventions d. Maintenance 15. An important piece of maintenance involves: a. Identifying roadblocks or barriers that could sabotage changes in the relationship b. Normalizing “slipping” so couples don’t become discouraged at moments of relapse c. Creating a ready-made plan that can be implemented in moments of crisis d. All of the above 16. When does Stage 5 of the integrative model begin? a. When all problems have been solved b. When couples have made a dent in their problems c. When the couple expresses confidence in themselves d. When feelings of attraction have reemerged 17. Which of the following is true regarding the integrative model? a. The integrative model is a linear approach that must be followed stepwise. b. Oftentimes, couples only progress to Stage 3 of the model. c. The couple may need to return to an earlier stage of the model, and the counselor must be flexible enough to shift gears. d. Couples often want to drop out of therapy after behavioral changes are made.

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Chapter 4: The Integrative Model Part 2: Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5

Essay Examination Questions 1. Describe the process of identifying strengths. Why is this important in couples counseling?

2. Why is it important for the couples therapist to consider cultural, religious, and spiritual issues when choosing interventions?

3. Young and Barden (2021) say that couples counseling should “end with a bang and not a whimper.” How can the couples therapist validate the couple during the termination process?

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Chapter 5: The Assessment of Couples and Their Problems

Chapter 5: The Assessment of Couples and Their Problems Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. Which of the following is true regarding assessment in couples therapy? a. Assessment is done properly when each individual fills out a separate assessment and similarities and differences among couple’s answers are ignored. b. Assessment is a tool to communicate the counselor’s willingness to engage with the couple and instill hope at the beginning of the counseling process. c. Assessment is a way we determine what is unique in each individual or couple so that we may apply the appropriate treatment. d. Assessment does not have utility in the integrative model.

2. How can assessment be used in the counseling process? a. Suitability for treatment b. Monitoring progress c. Couples attachment to therapy d. All of the above 3. The therapeutic alliance refers to: a. The unconditional positive regard that the couples therapist feels for each member of the couple b. Agreement between counselor and client on the goals for therapy, including the techniques used to achieve those goals and the emotional bond and trust in the relationship c. The realness, openness, and authenticity the counselor displays during interactions with the couple d. The ability to understand someone’s experiences and convey those feelings back to them 4. Assessment in couples therapy: a. Occurs continuously beginning with the first phone call and ending with the validation phase, where the couple’s progress is recognized and celebrated b. Is completed at the beginning of the counseling relationship before interventions take place c. Is completed over the phone during the intake interview d. Is rarely if ever used 5. What is a dispassionate assessment? a. A pictorial representation of the client’s family tree and relationships among family members 17 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 5: The Assessment of Couples and Their Problems

b. An assessment that asks the couple to look at the positives and negatives in the relationship objectively c. An assessment that allows the couple to explore the sources of passion in their relationship d. An assessment that identifies sources of conflict in the relationship 6. Which therapeutic framework assesses each member’s level of attachment and identifies rigid and negative patterns of interaction? a. Bowen Theory b. Emotionally Focused Therapy c. Solution Focused Therapy d. The Gottman Method 7. Which therapeutic framework assesses the presenting problem, exceptions and solutions, and specific sequences of interactions? a. Bowen Theory b. Emotionally Focused Therapy c. Solution Focused Therapy d. The Gottman Method 8. In the integrative model, the therapist takes turns asking each member about their concerns with the other partner observing. Which strategy is recommended to keep couples on track during this initial assessment? a. The counselor should allow for brief interruptions from the other listening partner. b. The counselor keeps each member of the couple on track by asking open-ended questions, actively listening, and using feeling reflections. c. The counselor allows each member of the couple to express their feelings without interruption from the other partner. d. The counselor lets the members speak for three minutes each.

9. Why is it essential for the therapist to identify the key problems and understand the landscape and context in which problems occur? a. The “who, what, where, when, and how” of the problem can help the therapist and couple create an interactive definition of the problem and select targeted interventions. b. Understanding the context of the problem will allow the therapist to determine which member of the couple is to blame. c. Identifying the landscape surrounding the problem will lead to greater insight and compassion. d. Problem-solving cannot occur unless a problem is fully investigated.

10. Suitability for treatment hinges on: a. Commitment b. Absence of serious mental disorders 18 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 5: The Assessment of Couples and Their Problems

c. A couple’s willingness to work together in the counseling session d. All of the above 11. Which of the following is recommended when assessing for intimate partner violence (IPV)? a. Use an assessment such as the Conflict Tactics Scale 2 and follow up with individual interviews. b. Ask open-ended questions about IPV during the initial intake interview. c. Do not ask about IPV unless the couple indicates that violence is an issue in the relationship. d. Assessment tools for IPV are flawed and therefore should not be used.

12. Assessing for substance use is critical because: a. Couples therapy is unsuccessful if one member of the couple is using substances b. Substance use is the most common cause of relapse in couples therapy c. Drugs and alcohol, by reducing anxiety and motivation, are in direct conflict with the aim of couples therapy d. Partners of people with substance use disorders often become codependent and enmeshed with their partners 13. Assessments of the quality of the relationship are useful because: a. They help identify specific problems b. They indicate long-term compatibility and stability of the couple c. They offer a snapshot of the relationship quality at the moment d. All of the above 14. What is the purpose of assessment at Stage 1 of the integrative model? a. Identify individual mental disorders and violence in the relationship b. Identify each person’s strengths to help in the design of interventions to reach a solution c. Identify roadblocks and setbacks as well as successes in reaching goals d. Monitor progress toward goals and assess the strength of the therapeutic relationship 15. Which stage of the integrative model involves assessing individual strengths and commitment to working on solutions? a. Stage 1: Assessment b. Stage 3: Intervention c. Stage 4: Maintenance d. Stage 5: Validation 16. Which of the following is recommended as an informal assessment strategy? a. Creating a memory box of the couple’s relationship b. Using the empty chair technique to change perspective 19 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 5: The Assessment of Couples and Their Problems

c. Using projective psychological tests such as the Rorschach test with each individual and the couple d. Asking the couple to show family photographs in session 17. A couples therapist takes the first 10 minutes of the initial session to watch the couple’s relationship repair attempts. This is an example of which informal assessment tool? a. Couples myth assessment b. Observing joint tasks c. Observational assessment d. Gottman’s Oral History Essay Examination Questions 1. What are three common biases and assumptions about couples that counselors may bring into their work with couples?

2. Describe three sources of information that the therapist may use to assess couples.

3. Describe three reasons a therapist might use a genogram when working with a couple.

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Chapter 6: Techniques and Foundational Practices in Couples Counseling

Chapter 6: Techniques and Foundational Practices in Couples Counseling Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. What drives the selection of techniques in the integrative model? a. Theory b. Diagnosis c. Goals d. Counselor beliefs about therapy 2. How should counselors ethically approach the use of new techniques? a. Observe someone else demonstrate the technique b. Rehearse the technique in a role-play with a fellow learner c. Discuss the technique with a supervisor d. All of the above 3. How can a couples therapist orient a couple to therapy? a. Provide reassurance that the therapist can offer structure and support b. Remain active in session c. Return the conversation to the couple’s shared goal d. All of the above 4. Couples therapist remain neutral unless: a. An affair is disclosed b. A parent-child relationship pattern is occurring c. Violence is exposed d. All of the above 5. Which technique is a structured way to help couples connect and involves sharing appreciations, new information, worries and puzzles, concerns, and hopes and dreams? a. Temperature reading b. Restorying c. Rituals d. Contracting 6. Why is blame unproductive in couples therapy? a. Blaming keeps us from growing by failing to acknowledge our own power and responsibilities. b. Failures are not corrected by blaming. c. Thinking about how to change things in the future must be the main focus of any counseling session.

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Chapter 6: Techniques and Foundational Practices in Couples Counseling

d. All of the above 7. When does motivation tend to wane in the integrative model? a. During assessment, when couples aren’t sure what to expect b. During goal setting, when couples resist goal setting c. During maintenance, when some success has been made but the pressure is off d. During validation, when the couple feels proud of their accomplishments 8. How should a counselor proceed if a couple does not complete their homework? a. Explain to the couple the importance of homework to the success of therapy b. Identify who is to blame for the missed homework c. Identify alternative assignments or use another method of practice d. All of the above 9. Which technique is a behavioral approach that identifies particular behaviors the couple wants in their relationship and a pact to abide by these guidelines? a. Timeout b. Contacting c. Formal agreement d. Negotiation 10. Which technique encourages the couple to stop a conversation to avoid escalation? a. Stop and reflect b. Spontaneous journaling c. The big reframe d. Timeout 11. Which technique is recommended for healing when extramarital affairs have occurred? a. Temperature reading b. Role reversal c. Enactments d. Creating rituals 12. Enactments or role reversals are NOT recommended for: a. Couples who are healing from extramarital affairs b. Couples who have poor communication c. Volatile couples d. Couples who are contemplating divorce 13. A therapist explains to a tennis-playing couple, “It’s as if the two of you are playing like singles, but this is a doubles game.” What technique is this therapist using? a. Restorying 22 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 6: Techniques and Foundational Practices in Couples Counseling

b. Using metaphors c. Externalizing the problem d. Role reversal 14. When might a contract be helpful in couples therapy? a. When members of the couple know what they need in the relationship b. When the goals of therapy are clearly defined c. To prevent dropping out of therapy d. When a couple is struggling with poor communication 15. Which technique involves asking each member of the couple to change behavior as an experiment and having their partner try to guess what they have changed? a. Exploring exceptions b. Identifying strengths c. Spontaneous behavioral change d. The surprise task 16. This technique involves the therapist consistently moving the couple away from their bad narrative and asking them to instead talk about times when the problem was absent or when were they able to control the problem: a. Exploring exceptions b. Identifying strengths c. Spontaneous behavioral change d. The surprise task Essay Examination Questions 1. Describe how a couples counselor can instill hope through the counseling process.

2. Why is soliciting feedback from couples important?

3. What steps are involved in the timeout technique?

4. What techniques can a counselor use to help a couple focus on the positive?

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Chapter 7: LGBTQ+ Couples

Chapter 7: LGBTQ+ Couples Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. What does affectional orientation refer to? a. Personal sense of how you see your own gender b. When your gender identity and sex are the same c. Sex or gender to which a person is romantically attracted d. When one’s definition of gender is broader than society’s 2. What does gender identity refer to? a. Personal sense of how you see your own gender b. When your gender identity and sex are the same c. Sex or gender to which a person is romantically attracted d. When one’s definition of gender is broader than society’s 3. What is the best course of action if a counselor misgenders a client? a. Correct the mistake and move on b. Ignore the mistake c. Recognize the mistake and offer to discuss any effect on the counseling relationship d. None of the above 4. What does the term heteronormativity refer to? a. The act of disclosing a person’s affectional orientation or gender identity to other people b. External stressors such as parental rights, families’ response to marriage, and navigating holidays and life events c. Explicit act of valuing heterosexual relationships and considering them to be “normal” d. Dislike or prejudice of LGBTQ+ people 5. Obergefell v Hodges extended what other federal rights to same-sex couples? ersus

a. Ability to file joint taxes b. Privilege of not testifying against their partner in court c. Social security and veteran benefits d. All of the above 6. After the legalization of same-sex marriage, those opposing the legalization of samesex marriage used negative images and messaging, saying that gay marriage limits religious freedom and restricts parental rights. The effects of this type of messaging include: a. Promoting false stereotypes 25 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 7: LGBTQ+ Couples

b. Reinforcing existing prejudices c. Encouraging hate crimes d. All of the above 7. Currently LGBTQ+ couples’ right to adopt is: a. Legal in the United States b. Legalized in most of the United States c. Restricted and in some states completely illegal d. Only allowed in specific circumstances 8. Which of the following is a common reason that LGBTQ+ couples seek therapy? a. Communication b. Minority stress c. Differences in levels of outness each partner has d. All of the above 9. Which of the following is true about outness? a. Most LGBTQ+ individuals are immediately accepted by their family of origin. b. Outness is not a one-time event. c. Being out is associated with negative mental health outcomes. d. All of the above 10. What does minority stress refer to? a. The stress one feels from society, which can spill over into the couple’s relationship and create internal conflicts and negative emotional states b. Term used for brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities that communicate negative attitudes about stigmatized or marginalized groups c. Normalization and legitimization of an array of dynamics that routinely advantage majority cultures d. A perceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience 11. Which internal factor to relationship longevity and satisfaction is unique to LGBTQ+ couples? a. Sharing children b. Satisfaction with sex c. Positive communication patterns d. Outness 12. How might a family of origin genogram differ for LGBTQ+ couples? a. It may only include legal or biological unions. b. It may reflect anti-LGBTQ+ views of the family and history of LGBTQ+ relationships.

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Chapter 7: LGBTQ+ Couples

c. It may chronologize significant relationships. d. Both B and C 13. Which statement regarding religion within the LGBTQ+ community is true? a. Many religions or religious denominations reject LGBTQ+ couples. b. While some religions and religious denominations reject LGBTQ+ couples, most religions are accepting. c. Most churches allow for LGBTQ+ couples to marry within the church. d. None of the above 14. How can counselors build rapport with LGBTQ+ couples from the beginning of the counseling relationship? a. Disclose their own affectional identity b. Use inclusive and LGBTQ+-friendly language in paperwork and phone conversations before the couple arrives c. Instill hope in the couple by explaining that research shows positive results for L GBTQ+ couples who engage in couples therapy d. All of the above 15. Why is supervision important for therapists? a. LGBTQ+ couples will recognize a counselor who is uneasy about their affectional orientation or gender identity. b. Supervision provides an opportunity for therapists to examine their own biases, attitudes, and reactions to couples. c. Supervision is required from an ethical and practical standpoint for therapists with limited experience with LGBTQ+ couples. d. All of the above Essay Examination Questions 1. Describe three internal sources of stress for LGBTQ+ couples.

2. Describe four external sources of stress for LGBTQ+ couples.

3. LGBTQ+ couples are more willing than other couples to seek therapy. What are three common reasons LGBTQ+ couples seek therapy?

4. What are three key assessment issues with LGBTQ+ couples?

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Chapter 8: Communication and Relationship Education

Chapter 8: Communication and Relationship Education Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. What tends to happen to communication when couples become troubled? a. Couples begin to self-disclose. b. Couples are less likely to use communication as a source of help. c. Communication increases among couples. d. Communication between couples stays the same.

2. What does self-disclosure refer to? a. Sharing one’s emotions at the present moment b. Sharing hopes and dreams about the future c. Sharing aspects of one’s past d. All of the above 3. Which of the following describes the relationship between self-disclosure and relationship satisfaction? a. There is a positive relationship between self-disclosure and relationship satisfaction; however, unrestrained disclosure can be destructive. b. There is a negative relationship between self-disclosure and relationship satisfaction. c. Higher levels of self-disclosure predict greater relationship satisfaction. d. None of the above 4. What are sources of “noise” in the linear model? a. Perceptions b. Cognitions c. Past experiences d. All of the above 5. What does the “feedback loop” in the linear model refer to? a. Anything that interferes with the sender’s message b. Metacommunication, communication about communication c. Rhetorical feedback d. The cycle of productive communication 6. What does technoference refer to? a. The way couples use technology as a source of connection and spontaneity b. The tendency for technology to spur infidelity c. The interference of technology in intimate relationships d. All of the above 29 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 8: Communication and Relationship Education

7. Gottman (1994) reported that the most destructive communication patterns fall under four broad categories. They are: a. Resentment, annoyance, provocation, withdrawal b. Criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling c. Mind-reading, contempt, provocation, dishonesty d. Deceitfulness, condemnation, obstructing, withdrawal 8. What does the panel discussion refer to? a. The more unhappy a couple is, the more each partner believes they are right and justified in their viewpoint b. The tendency for a couple to be excessively rational in their discussions so that the underlying feelings are not expressed c. When one member of the couple consistently acts on the perceived intent of the other person without utilizing the feedback loop d. Incongruent messages containing a positive statement with a criticism at the end 9. What does the stinger pattern refer to? a. The more unhappy a couple is, the more each partner believes they are right and justified in their viewpoint b. The tendency for a couple to be excessively rational in their discussions so that the underlying feelings are not expressed c. When one member of the couple consistently acts on the perceived intent of the other person without utilizing the feedback loop d. Incongruent messages containing a positive statement with a criticism at the end 10. What does mind-reading refer to? a. When one member of the couple consistently acts on the perceived intent of the other person without utilizing the feedback loop b. The tendency for a couple to be excessively rational in their discussions so that the underlying feelings are not expressed c. The more unhappy a couple is, the more each partner believes they are right and justified in their viewpoint d. When couples assassinate each other’s character and question the other person’s motives and abilities 11. What does kitchen-sinking refer to? a. How a couple starts a conversation often predicts how it ends; couples should use soft start-ups instead of harsh start-ups b. Where even when compliments, praise, and recognition are given, the other member hears the negative aspects of the communication c. When a couple begins an argument on a certain topic, sometimes other issues that they have been saving up are thrown in 30 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 8: Communication and Relationship Education

d. When couples reiterate their same complaint without reacting to their partner’s statement 12. Which technique allows for couples to give each other feedback on the impact of their communication to the other person? a. The floor technique b. Mind-reading technique c. Perspective taking d. The soft start-up 13. Fitzpatrick (1988) identified three patterns of disclosure in relationships. Traditionals are: a. Interdependent couples; they share many things, but when conflicts arise, they communicate nonassertively b. Couples who share a great deal but have separate lives and tend to be assertive and confrontive in their communication c. Couples with limited assertiveness with each other who avoid open conflict d. All of the above 14. Which strength-based relationship-education program is based on an eclectic blend of experiential, psychotherapeutic, and educational elements and incorporates group processes with behavioral and communication training? a. PREPARE/ENRICH b. PREP c. PAIRS d. All of the above 15. Gottman asserts that problem-solving should not be major focus of couples therapy because: a. Most problems have to do with personality and other basic differences and thus aren’t solvable b. Problems have a way of working themselves out on their own c. Problem-solving often acts as a temporary Band-Aid but does not address the underlying issues d. All of the above 16. Which relationship education program is most effective? a. The Gottman Method b. PREP c. PAIRS d. No relationship education program has been deemed most effective.

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Chapter 8: Communication and Relationship Education

Essay Examination Questions 1. What are some ways counselors can assess healthy and unhealthy communication patterns in couples?

2. The “art of being polite” means editing out the negative aspects of one’s messages and learning to pare them down to include only things that are constructive. Name three guidelines for polite communication among couples.

3. Describe the steps in the speaker/listener technique.

4. What considerations should couples therapists consider when choosing an RE program?

5. Gottman (1994) reported that the most destructive communication patterns fall under four broad categories that he calls the “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.” Describe each of the four categories.

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Chapter 9: Sex and Intimacy for Couples

Chapter 9: Sex and Intimacy for Couples Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. Which term refers to the degree to which feelings of emotional closeness are expressed by the couple? a. Affection b. Expressiveness c. Compatibility d. Cohesion 2. Which term refers to the degree to which the couple is able to work and play together comfortably? a. Affection b. Compatibility c. Cohesion d. Autonomy 3. Which term refers to the couple’s level of confidence and self-esteem? a. Compatibility b. Cohesion c. Conflict resolution d. Identity 4. When a person asks their partner for attention, it is called: a. A favor b. Affection c. A bid d. Proposal 5. Acts of service, physical touch, words of appreciation, quality time together, and gifts are examples of: a. Love languages, or how a person likes love to be conveyed b. Interventions to increase intimacy and communication c. Bids that a couple can implement in a relationship d. Homework to be done outside the counseling session 6. Referring a couple to a sex therapist: a. Is usually necessary if sex is the presenting issue b. Is necessary to help a couple with severe sexual problems c. Should be done sensitively to avoid rejection or discouragement d. Both B and C 33 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 9: Sex and Intimacy for Couples

7. For many adolescents and adults, what has taken the place of adequate sex education? a. Self-help books b. Wisdom from elders c. Pornography d. All of the above 8. Which term refers to both personality and sexual characteristics, including biological, psychological, and social attributes? a. Intimacy b. Sexuality c. Eroticism d. Connection 9. What tool can be used to uncover expectations about gender roles, communication patterns, displays of vulnerability, and male-female modeling in each partner’s family of origin? a. Photographs b. Family diagram c. Sociogram d. The genogram 10. Which term refers to implicit or explicit offense or invalidation that threatens a partner’s sense of security and safety in the relationship? a. Attachment injury b. Personal slight c. Microaggression d. Relationship wound 11. Sexual problems tend to present themselves: a. Early in the relationship b. Throughout the relationship c. After the relationship develops and external factors come into play d. Before a breakup 12. What is closely linked to sexual satisfaction and general satisfaction in a relationship? a. Conflict resolution b. Communication c. Spontaneity d. Quality time

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Chapter 9: Sex and Intimacy for Couples

13. Which sexual dysfunction is characterized by an individual’s self-identified reduction in sexual interest and/or arousal over an extensive period of time? a. Genito-pelvic pain disorder b. Female sexual interest/arousal disorder c. Low libido disorder d. Unspecified sexual dysfunction 14. When couples have been impacted by , the goal of treatment is to identify ways in which the problem impacts the relationship such as triggers and teach techniques such as communication, behavioral strategies, and intimacy enhancement. a. Childhood sexual abuse b. Sexual dysfunction c. Imbalance in partner’s sexual styles d. Infidelity 15. Treatment for sexual dysfunctions is usually: a. Done through emotion-focused therapy b. Behaviorally based in combination with psychotherapy c. Rooted within trauma and attachment d. All of the above 16. Sexual dysfunctions are a result of: a. Physical causes b. Family messages c. Abuse d. All of the above Essay Examination Questions 1. How do implicit and explicit societal messages influence intimacy?

2. What are two strategies to help couples strengthen their experience of intimacy?

3. What aging issues may impact sexuality for couples?

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Chapter 10: Infidelity in Couples Education

Chapter 10: Infidelity in Couples Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. What are the two main stages of dealing with couples in affairs? a. Create an emergency or crisis plan to stabilize the relationship and focus on the couple’s goal b. Process the affair fully and help the couple move forward c. Assessment and intervention d. Relationship building and clarifying goals 2. Which of the following is FALSE about people who cheat? a. The person having an affair is always unhappy in their relationship. b. Individuals engage in infidelity for a multitude of reasons. c. The unfaithful partner often struggles to think critically about the causes of infidelity. d. Insight into the causes of an affair may not be evident right away.

3. Which type of affair often starts at work and begins as a friendship? a. Sexual affair b. Emotional affair c. Cyber-affair d. All of the above 4. Approximately what percentage of couples come to couples therapy because of infidelity? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% 5. Esther Perel (2017) highlights which of the following points about contemporary relationships? a. We place unreachable expectations on relationships. b. We have contradictory ideals about marriage. c. Monogamy is the gold standard of romantic ideals. d. All of the above 6. The rise in technology and social media has made: a. Relationship repairs more common b. Affairs easier and more common c. Affairs less common 37 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 10: Infidelity in Couples Education

d. No change in the prevalence or ease of infidelity 7. When working with couples navigating affairs: a. Always push to keep the couple’s relationship intact b. Remain open to the desire of the couple to stay together or dissolve the relationship c. Support the decision to divorce when repeated infidelity is a factor in the relationship d. Educate couples about all options including temporary separation 8. Although both men and women cite lack of sex as a reason for infidelity, men are more likely to engage in affairs, while women are more likely to engage in affairs. a. sexual, emotional b. emotional, sexual c. cyber, emotional d. emotional, cyber 9. After an affair is disclosed, the unfaithful partner often feels: a. Loss over the end of their extramarital relationship b. Closure c. Deep introspection d. Empathy for their partner 10. After an affair is disclosed, the betrayed partner often feels: a. Grief b. Post-traumatic stress c. Anxiety d. All of the above 11. Under what conditions should infidelity not be revealed to a partner? a. When the affair is still occurring b. When there is potential for physical violence c. When divorce is imminent d. When significant time has passed since the affair 12. Which of the following is an important aspect of self-disclosure for couples who are recovering from infidelity? a. The details of the affair b. Comparisons between lover and partner c. Blaming the partner d. Emotional reactions 13. How long does the process of recovering from an affair take?

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Chapter 10: Infidelity in Couples Education

a. 6 weeks b. 6 months c. 5 years d. There is no exact timetable.

14. Worthington (2001) details a five-stage model of forgiveness called: a. FORGIVE b. REACH c. HEALS d. HOPES 15. Decisional forgiveness refers to: a. A mere resolution or forgiving statement b. A long-term commitment to forgiveness c. An emotional journey that involves self-analysis and self-forgiveness d. A process of acceptance, closure, and meaning-making Essay Examination Questions 1. Infidelity is greatly influenced by a couple’s cultural background and values. How can a therapist address infidelity in light of culture?

2. After infidelity is disclosed, therapists can offer some practical guidelines to the couple. Name three practical guidelines for the betrayed partner and three practical guidelines for the unfaithful partner.

3. Provide an example of an affective and behavioral goal that may be helpful for a couple recovering from an affair in Stage 2 of the integrative model.

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Chapter 11: Violence and Trauma in Couple Relationships

Chapter 11: Violence and Trauma in Couple Relationships Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. What percentage of women report experiencing sexual or physical violence and/or stalking in their lifetime? a. One in two b. One in four c. One in eight d. One in 10 2. What percentage of men report experiencing sexual or physical violence and/or stalking in their lifetime? a. One in two b. One in four c. One in eight d. One in 10 3. Intimate partner violence is: a. Overreported b. Underreported c. Fully disclosed d. All of the above 4. IPV rates are higher among individuals: a. With lower income and financial stress b. With greater gender-based differences in educational attainment c. In high-conflict relationships d. All of the above 5. The cycle of violence hypothesizes three phases of a violent relationship: a. Tension-building stage, explosion stage, love stage b. Escalation, crisis, recovery c. Anger, violence, remorse d. Honeymoon phase, isolation, abuse 6. Which counseling framework has been found to be effective for assisting individuals deciding whether to stay or leave an abusive relationship? a. Emotion Focused Therapy b. Cognitive behavioral therapy c. Dialectical behavioral therapy d. Motivational interviewing 40 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 11: Violence and Trauma in Couple Relationships

7. Which perspective on IPV explains how the patriarchal and systemic power differentials that exist within society are thought to reinforce IPV in relationships? a. Asymmetrical view b. Symmetrical view c. Dyadic Concordance Types Model d. Pitbulls and cobras 8. This perspective on IPV accounts for situations where violence may be mutual between partners regardless of sex or gender. a. Asymmetrical view b. Symmetrical view c. Dyadic Concordance Types Model d. Pitbulls and cobras 9. Which type of abuser is power focused and has low levels of attachment and little sense of responsibility and empathy toward their partner? a. Cobras b. Pitbulls c. Tigers d. Sharks 10. Which type of abuser is insecure and extremely dependent on their partner and often fears abandonment? a. Cobras b. Pitbulls c. Tigers d. Sharks 11. Which term refers to individuals who employ high severity/highly lethal forms of violence at a frequent rate in the relationship and elsewhere? a. Intimate terrorists b. Mutual violence c. Situational couples violence d. Violent resistant 12. Which term refers to instances where aggression is mutual with low severity and less frequency? a. Intimate terrorists b. Mutual violence c. Situational couples violence d. Violent resistant 13. Which term refers to victims of IPV who fight back as a means of self-defense?

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Chapter 11: Violence and Trauma in Couple Relationships

a. Intimate terrorists b. Mutual violence c. Situational couples violence d. Violent resistant 14. Assessment of violence and trauma should be done: a. At individual intake b. During the couple’s first interview c. When violence is brought up in session d. After substance use is disclosed 15. In situations where violence has been determined as situational. Counseling should focus on stopping the violence and: a. Promoting equity in the relationship b. Finding partner strengths c. Increasing spontaneity in the relationship d. Increasing healthy communication Essay Examination Questions 1. What factors influence a victim’s choice whether to stay or leave an abusive relationship?

2. What are the most common behaviors associated with IPV? 3. Why should counselors not expect victims of IPV to leave the relationship immediately?

4. Carlson and Jones (2010) theorized three groups of couples in violence. Describe the three groups. Which group should counselors engage in couples therapy with?

5. Name two examples of trauma-focused couples work.

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Chapter 12: Counseling Couples with Addictions

Chapter 12: Counseling Couples with Addictions Multiple-Choice Examination Questions 1. What is the association between relationship dysfunction and addictive behavior? a. Relationship dysfunction fuels addictive behaviors, and as addictive behaviors increase, so does the relationship dysfunction. b. Relationship dysfunction lessens addictive behaviors, and as relationship dysfunction lessens, relationship dysfunction increases. c. Relationship dysfunction regulates addictive behaviors. d. There is no association between relationship dysfunction and addictive behaviors.

2. Following addictions treatment, is highly conducive to strong recovery and predictive of successful treatment. a. Emotional intelligence b. Healthy communication c. Marital support d. Group counseling 3. Which term refers to (1) overinvolvement in the other person’s addiction, (2) attempts to obsessively control, (3) use of external sources for self-worth, and (4) making excessive personal sacrifices? a. Histrionic b. Codependency c. Securely attached d. Insecurely attached 4. Why has the term codependency come under attack? a. It is victim-blaming. b. It has become synonymous with nonassertiveness and lack of control. c. Family members should not be the focus of addictions therapy. d. All of the above 5. The DSM 5 has classifications for which of the following substances? a. Cannabis b. Alcohol c. Caffeine d. All of the above 6. Which term is often used to describe a rewarding lifestyle without illicit substances? a. Abstinence 43 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 12: Counseling Couples with Addictions

b. Cold turkey c. Sobriety d. Post-substance use 7. What is true regarding addiction and couples counseling? a. Most counselors recommend that clients show consistent sobriety before engaging in couples therapy. b. Couples therapy can progress as long as the addiction isn’t severe in nature. c. An individual can engage in both addictions treatment and couples therapy concurrently. d. If the counselor has a dual expertise in couples and addictions, couples counseling can replace individual addictions treatment.

8. When addiction is present, couples are more likely to: a. Get divorced b. Engage in negative relationship behaviors c. Experience relationship dissatisfaction d. All of the above 9. According to which theory may addiction be seen as a sign of underlying dysfunction or a way in which family achieves homeostasis? a. Gottman Method b. Structural family therapy c. Psychodynamic family therapy d. Systems theory 10. One roadblock to getting treatment for the addicted person in a relationship is: a. Ambivalence in the other member of the couple b. The breaking point has not yet occurred c. Lack of referral options for addictions treatment d. All of the above 11. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment identified which of the following stages of change for couples and families in recovery? a. Attainment of sobriety, adjustment to sobriety, long-term maintenance of sobriety b. Breaking point, temporary sobriety, relapse, long-term sobriety c. Addiction, crisis, treatment, sobriety d. None of the above 12. Which technique involves bringing family and friends together to confront the person with the substance use disorder about how their addictive behavior is affecting everyone? a. Call to action 44 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 12: Counseling Couples with Addictions

b. The Johnson intervention c. Mediation d. Loving interference 13. Which technique is used to prevent relapse and asks couples to verbally agree to actions that are aimed at maintaining sobriety? a. Catch your partner doing something nice b. Recovery groups c. Safety planning d. Recovery contract 14. Assessment of couples with addictions should always include screening for: a. Physical health problems b. Mental health problems c. Cognitive impairment d. Social support 15. Which of the following is true regarding joint goals for couples with addictions? a. Recovery should always be the single focus. b. Couple goals should support the individual in recovery but also benefit the partner. c. Small, achievable goals are most beneficial. d. Both B and C Essay Examination Questions 1. Name three common couple patterns that support addiction.

2. What changes regarding diagnosis for addictions changed between the DSM 4 and DSM 5?

3. In borderline cases where substance use disorder cannot be clearly diagnosed, what can the counselor do to enhance the couple’s insight into the problem?

4. Name three factors that contribute to relapse.

5. Give an example of a joint goal that a couple in recovery may decide upon.

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Answer Key

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Answer Key

Chapter 1: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. D Chapter 1: Essay Answer Key Question 1 -

Couples often wait to receive counseling until their problems are severe.

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Many couples have a long history of problems.

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Couples often develop destructive patterns of behavior.

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Couples often argue in the counseling session.

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Couples are more different than ever before.

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The relationship between the counselor and couple is more complex.

Question 2 -

Counselors are expected to keep the confidences of their clients, yet there is an ethical dilemma when a client divulges something such as a sexual affair in their relationship and wishes to keep it secret from their partner.

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Answer Key

-

Record-keeping most often becomes an ethical issue in couples work when the couple divorces and one member requests their joint folder to use as ammunition in the upcoming legal proceedings.

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Because the relationship between couple and counselor predicts a positive outcome, therapists must stay on top of our attitudes and ruptures in the relationship, or we are not doing the best for our clients.

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In some states, case notes require that every client have a diagnosis and a prognosis.

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A dilemma arises when the therapist sees a relationship as damaged beyond repair and the clients want to stay together in a destructive relationship.

Question 3 -

Marriage rates have fallen.

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People are getting married later.

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Why we marry has changed.

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How we marry has changed.

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Divorce rates are high.

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Cohabitation is increasing.

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Same-sex marriage is legal.

Question 4 -

A belief in relative versus absolute truth

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My partner is my friend and is on my team.

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Ability to deal with conflict

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A belief in something larger

Question 5 1. Consolidating psychological separation and establishing new connections with the family of origin 2. Building the couple identity—togetherness versus autonomy 3. Establishing the sexual identity of the couple 4. Establishing the marriage as a zone of safety and nurturing 5. Parenthood 6. Building a relationship that is fun and interesting 49 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Answer Key

7. Maintaining a dual vision of one's partner that combines early idealization with reality perception

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Answer Key

Chapter 2: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. E 15. D 16. D 17. D 18. D Chapter 2: Essay Answer Key Question 1 -

“I wonder if each one of you would take a little time to describe the culture that you come from and how it has shaped your life.”

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“Can both of you take turns saying something about your religious background and where you are now in your beliefs and practice?”

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“How have these differences affected your relationship?”

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“Would you say that these differences have allowed you to see different points of view?”

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“When have your backgrounds or culture been a source of conflict?”

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“How are these differences a strength for you as a couple?”

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Answer Key

Question 2 1. Age and generational influences 2. Developmental disabilities such as intellectual deficits, autism, etc.

3. Disabilities acquired later in life (physical or mental) 4. Religion and spiritual orientation 5. Ethnic and racial identity 6. Socioeconomic status 7. Sexual orientation 8. Indigenous heritage 9. National origin 10. Gender Question 3 •

Character strengths assessment

•

Role reversal

•

Genogram

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Answer Key

Chapter 3: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. C Chapter 3: Essay Answer Key Question 1 No particular couples method has been shown to be superior to another. However, there are promising and proven techniques across different theories and perspectives.

Question 2 Some typical questions that the therapist asks to assess each member’s viewpoint are: -

“I would like to hear from both of you separately about what prompted you to make this appointment.”

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“Let me hear from each of you—your own perspective—on the problem that has brought you in today.”

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Answer Key

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“What sorts of feelings have each of you experienced because you are not able to solve these problems?”

Question 3 -

Hope is a powerful medicine for couples.

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Overcoming demoralization is essential for productive couples counseling.

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Answer Key

Chapter 4: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. C Chapter 4: Essay Answer Key Question 1 The process involves asking each member of the couple to list the positive characteristics of the other partner. The couple then jointly decides how they might be used to achieve goals that they have already established in therapy. The couple can adapts the positive attributes from these stories to use in future situations. It also reminds the couple that the other partner is not without redeeming qualities and that they can use the resources of their teammate.

Question 2 Interventions will only be effective if the therapist is cognizant of the couple’s feelings about the acceptability of the intervention.

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At termination, the therapist must reframe the successes, however small, as major accomplishments so that the couple recognizes their achievement and maintains hope.

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Chapter 5: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. C Chapter 5: Essay Answer Key Question 1 -

If each individual is happy and self-sufficient, the relationship will be a good one.

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An interracial marriage or two different religions is “asking for trouble.”

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Most difficulties in couples are due to irrational ideas or dysfunctional belief systems that clients have learned.

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Most couple problems can be treated by tracking down their roots in the family of origin.

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A good couples relationship occurs when two people are similar in many areas.

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Marriage is a sacrament and not just a legal contract; therefore, one must understand the spiritual dimension in order to help a troubled relationship.

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Most couple problems can be solved by better communication.

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The outcome of couples counseling should be changes in behavior.

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In order to have a healthy relationship, members of the couple must have an equitable or “peer marriage”: neither member should dominate or lead.

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Some marriages are so troubled that a therapist should recommend divorce.

Question 2 -

Observations by the therapist based on the couple’s spontaneous interactions

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Questionnaires asking for background information and demographic data

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Couple’s reports to the therapist regarding their behavior outside the session

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Historical data from the genogram or from client histories

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Reports from other sources such as family members, the courts, or police reports

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Results from formal testing

Question 3 -

To assess the strength of the relationship with other family members

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To clarify gender role expectations passed down by family members

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To point out persistent physical, mental health, and substance abuse disorders

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To understand cultural, ethnic, and religious influences

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To examine the influence of traumatic events in the couple’s life, including family divorces, miscarriages, and deaths

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The genogram allows the therapist to quickly discuss the couple with a supervisor and refresh their memory before a session.

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Chapter 6: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. A Chapter 6: Essay Answer Key Question 1 A counselor can use gift giving, which involves the counselor providing some immediate relief through normalizing feelings, reducing guilt, or breaking down presenting issues into more manageable components. The counselor can also identify the problem in relational terms, neutralize blame, provide optimism, and help the couple set goals.

Question 2 A counselor who gets client feedback by asking clients to evaluate each session will prevent ruptures. Miller et al. (2013) counselors who received feedback from couples right after the session tripled their success rate. In addition, the couples were less likely to deteriorate and drop out.

Question 3

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There are variations in how timeouts are described, but the process generally involves (a) recognizing one’s emotions, (b) asking for a timeout, (c) finding a way to calm down, and (d) resuming the conversation when feelings have cooled.

Question 4 -

Exploring Exceptions

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The Surprise Task

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Identifying Strengths

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Chapter 7: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D Chapter 7: Essay Answer Key Question 1 -

Outness

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Minority stress

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High levels of commitment to the relationship

Question 2 -

Family of origin

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Co-parenting

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Adoption

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Religious and cultural differences

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Discrimination

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Answer Key

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Possible separation

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Communication

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Minority stress

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Lack of LGBTQ+ couple role models

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Differences in the levels of outness each partner has

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Challenges created by cross-cultural relationships

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Non-monogamous relationships

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Seeking to define relationship boundaries for non-monogamous relationships and gender roles

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Parenting concerns

Question 4 -

Determine the levels of outness to parents and to others.

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Increase inter-partner support to each partner when one partner experiences minority stress, marginalization, or oppression.

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Encourage the couple to challenge the ways they tolerate or perpetuate heteronormativity.

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Help the couple to affirm their couple boundaries with each other, their parents, coworkers, and friends.

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Recognize the need for couples to build and validate their friendship networks.

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Affirm the couple's past history and hopes for the future.

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Help the couple address issues related to children.

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Help the partners learn to affirm themselves and each other and form a bond of friendship.

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Chapter 8: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D Chapter 8: Essay Answer Key Question 1 -

Questionnaires such as Communications Patterns Questionnaire (Heavy et al., 1996)

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Observational coding systems where recordings of a couple’s interactions are examined and coded to analyze communication

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Observations of standard maladaptive patterns and strengths, recognized by couples experts

Question 2 1. Be direct: Say what you can do and want to do.

2. Show appreciation in a sincere and positive way.

3. Be considerate and courteous.

4. Show interest in the other person’s activities. Listen, and ask questions.

5. Say things you honestly feel and that might be important to your partner.

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6. When you feel you were wrong, admit it, but don’t criticize yourself because this requires your partner to offer support.

7. Keep your focus on the present, not the past.

8. Let your partner finish speaking before you respond.

9. Try to understand your partner’s point of view, needs, and desires.

Question 3 1. Describe the problem in a non-blameful way: •

Stay on one topic

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Express your feeling

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Don’t insult or criticize the other person

•

Speak in short sentences

2. When you are a listener, you: •

Pay careful attention

•

Don’t interrupt

•

Try to understand their perspective

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Use good listening nonverbal skills

•

Reflect and paraphrase for accuracy (use the feedback loop)

Question 4 -

Research effectiveness

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Certification

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Barriers to accessibility

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Format (in-person or online)

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Length of the program

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Background of the couple

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Cost

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Dosage

Question 5 1. Criticism versus complaint: when couples attack the person rather than the behavior 2. Contempt: intentionally psychologically wounding or hurting your partner 64 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Answer Key

3. Defensiveness: when a couple doesn’t act as a team; deny responsibility, make excuses, and use methods such as cross-complaining (countering a complaint with a complaint) 4. Stonewalling: when couples reach the point of giving up, one member may turn into a “stone wall” and remove themselves from the conversation

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Chapter 9: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. D Chapter 9: Essay Answer Key Question 1 Gender roles, the expectations for behavior and attitudes that the culture defines as appropriate for women and men, are learned early in life through verbal mimicking and modeled behavior. Stereotypically, women have been socialized to show emotions and talk about hurt and disappointment, whereas men have been socialized to express anger or be stoic when they are hurt or disappointed.

Question 2 -

Genogram, which uncovers expectations about gender roles, communication patterns, displays of vulnerability, and male-female modeling in each partner’s family of origin

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Circular questioning to identify patterns in pursuing and distancing in the relationship

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Exploring Love Languages

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Interrupting the status quo of the relationship 66 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Question 3 -

Physical changes such as decline in the production of estrogen and decreased testosterone levels for men

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Pain during intercourse

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Erectile dysfunction

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Prostate cancer

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Life events such as retirement, changes in living arrangements, or chronic health issues

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Chapter 10: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A Chapter 10: Essay Answer Key Question 1 -

Understand the couple’s unique definition of infidelity

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Ask about couple’s history of infidelity in their current relationship, past relationships, and families of origin

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Map out familial patterns and backgrounds by asking questions such as: •

“What messages about infidelity did you receive from your family of origin?”

•

“How have experiences with your family of origin influenced your expectations and beliefs about infidelity in your present relationship?”

•

“How do you think your cultural background regards the acceptability of infidelity?”

•

“Do you think that your religious beliefs affect your attitudes about infidelity?”

Question 2 -

For the unfaithful partner, guidelines include: 68 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Answer Key

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•

Be patient, getting past the affair will take time.

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Be as honest as you can be with your partner, but try to avoid making comparisons between the lover and the partner.

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Do not blame your partner for the infidelity.

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Avoid disclosing the small details of the affair.

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Do not expect trust and forgiveness right away.

For the betrayed partner, guidelines include: •

Get support.

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Be mindful of paranoia and becoming a detective.

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Resist confronting the lover.

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Try to not involve the children and family members.

Question 3 -

The therapist can normalize the emotional reactions that each member of the couple is experiencing and prepare the couple for challenges ahead.

Question 4 -

Goals may look like: •

Engaging in more recreational activities together (behavioral) so that we can bring fun back into our relationship (affective)

•

Setting times to talk about the infidelity (behavioral) so that anger and jealousy do not build up (affective)

•

Having a daily check-in where we give each other information about our lives and what we hope for the future in our relationship (behavioral) so we inject some positive feelings into our communication (affective)

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Chapter 11: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A Chapter 11: Essay Questions Answer Key: Question 1 Reasons to stay or leave an abusive environment include situational factors such as finances, housing, employability, child custody, and emotional constraints such as feelings of guilt, embarrassment, and shame.

Question 2 (1) stalking, (2) physical violence, (3) sexual violence, and (4) psychological aggression Question 3 Choosing to leave or stay can be a life-or-death decision.

Question 4 -

Couples in group one report that violence was restricted to the relationship, infrequent, and low in severity and often resulted from an argument that escalated.

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Answer Key

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Couples in group two have more frequent episodes but low- to moderate-severity violence that did not extend beyond the couple relationship.

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Couples in group three show high severity and frequent violence or power/control tactics that also extended to violent behavior outside the couple.

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It is recommended that counselors only work with couples in group one.

Questions 5 -

Gottman Method

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Emotion Focused Therapy

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Psychoeducation

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Chapter 12: Multiple-Choice Answer Key 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D Chapter 12: Essay Answer Key Question 1 -

Arrangement where one member of the couple is the caretaker and the other is addicted

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Arrangement where addicted relationships become stabilized because the couple supports unspoken agreements (“I won’t make you deal with your drinking if you don’t make me deal with my obesity.”)

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Arrangement where the partners cease to have any interaction with each other and yet stay together out of convenience, fighting only occasionally about the substance use issue

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Arrangement where both couples are addicted and develop a lifestyle based on their shared substance misuse

Question 2 -

The DSM 4 differentiated between dependence and abuse. Both were considered mental disorders, but dependence was more severe than abuse. The DSM 5 72 Copyright © 2022 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Answer Key

removed the categories of dependence and abuse and instead uses the term substance use disorder. The DSM 5 also classifies substances into the following groups: alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, hypnotics, stimulants, tobacco, and an ancillary category called “other unknown substances.”

Question 3 -

Ask the couple to eliminate the substance for a set amount of time to see if treatment is necessary.

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Ask the couple to make a list of the costs and benefits of substance use in their lives.

Question 4 -

Self-efficacy

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Outcome expectations

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Craving

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Motivation

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Coping

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Emotional states

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Interpersonal support

Question 5 -

Goals should be small and achievable and focus on both members of the couple, such as:

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“We will take time daily to connect so that we both feel comfortable about the other person’s recovery and to avoid worry.”

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“We will identify some new joint activities to signify that we are creating a new life and so that we feel that our life is fun.”

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