TEST BANK for An Introduction to Native North America 6th Edition by Mark Q. Sutton

(C)

plowing, irrigation, and burning are types of passive resource management.

(D)

controlled burns by European Americans upset Native Americans.

Answer:

(B) Europeans misunderstood Indian farming and land use.

Feedback:

The answer is Europeans misunderstood Indian farming and land use.

5

Native peoples first came to the western hemisphere from (A)

eastern Europe.

(B)

Iceland.

(C)

western Africa.

(D)

northeast Asia.

Answer:

(D) northeast Asia.

Feedback:

The answer is northeast Asia.

6

According to the “Sidelight: Weapons and Hunting Technologies” before their interaction with Europeans, native peoples used various weapons to hunt, including all of the following EXCEPT (A)

spears.

(B)

harpoons.

(C)

metal blades.

(D)

blowguns.

Answer:

(C) metal blades.

Feedback:

The answer is metal blades.

7

A group is said to be in the Formative if its economy specializes in (A)

trade.

(B)

hunting.

(C)

food production.

(D)

the exploitation of megafauna.

Answer:

(C) food production.

Feedback:

The answer is food production.

8

Define a culture area, and discuss the good and bad points of using culture areas to group people.

Answer: 9

Discuss how the complex cultures of Mesoamerica influenced native North Americans.

Answer: 10

Name at least six important foods and drugs Native Americans gave the world.

Answer: 11

What are the goals of anthropology? Discuss the problems as well as the benefits of anthropological study.

Answer: 12

Lewis H. Morgan’s theory of Unilinear Cultural Evolution, popular in the 1800s and early 1900s, (A)

classified people as savage, barbaric, or civilized.

(B)

argued that all cultures are equal and should not be viewed as inferior and superior to one another.

(C)

was based on skin color.

(D)

categorized people based on decade born.

Answer:

(A) classified people as savage, barbaric, or civilized.

Feedback:

The answer is classified people as savage, barbaric, or civilized.

13

Documentary methods used to preserve data on Native North Americans include all of the following EXCEPT (A)

colonial and mission records.

(B)

ancestor recall.

(C)

land records.

(D)

diaries.

Answer:

(B) ancestor recall.

Feedback:

The answer is ancestor recall.

14

Some Native American foods eaten in the U.S. today include (A)

wheat and rye.

(B)

tomatoes and corn.

(C)

coffee and barley.

(D)

figs and oranges.

Answer:

(B) tomatoes and corn.

Feedback:

The answer is tomatoes and corn.

15

North America includes (A)

Canada and United States only.

(B)

the United States only.

(C)

Greenland.

(D)

Chile and Venezuela.

Answer:

(C) Greenland.

Feedback:

The answer is Greenland.

16

Of the ten culture areas considered by the Smithsonian Handbook of North American Indians, the two that used to be covered with temperate forests are (A)

the Plains and Plateau.

(B)

the Northeast and Southeast.

(C)

California and the Southwest.

(D)

the Northwest Coast and Plateau.

Answer:

(B) the Northeast and Southeast.

Feedback:

The answer is the Northeast and Southeast.

17

One problem with using culture areas is (A)

diversity may be ignored.

(B)

criteria are chosen by Indians.

(C)

cultures never change.

(D)

they’re never compared.

Answer:

(A) diversity may be ignored.

Feedback:

The answer is diversity may be ignored.

18

The study of a particular group at a particular time is called (A)

ethnography.

(B)

ethnology.

(C)

sociology.

(D)

perspective analysis.

Answer:

(A) ethnography.

Feedback:

The answer is ethnography.

19

The low estimates for Native American populations prior to 1492 (A)

were quite accurate.

(B)

were used to justify European occupation.

(C)

explain today’s small population.

(D)

made Europeans sympathetic to Indians.

Answer:

(B) were used to justify European occupation.

Feedback:

The answer is were used to justify European occupation.

20

According to the 2010 census, the number of Americans who identify themselves as (at least part) Native American is around (A)

fewer than 500,000.

(B)

1 million.

(C)

2 million to 3 million.

(D)

5.3 million.

Answer:

(D) 5.3 million.

Feedback:

The answer is 5.3 million.

21

In the United States, the number of groups that claim native status is (A)

more than 10,000.

(B)

about 1000.

(C)

about 50.

(D)

fewer than 12.

Answer:

(B) about 1000.

Feedback:

The answer is about 1000.

22

The number of languages spoken in aboriginal North America was (A)

about 200.

(B)

nearly 50.

(C)

more than 400.

(D)

never possible to determine.

Answer:

(C) more than 400.

Feedback:

The answer is more than 400.

23

The names we have for Native American peoples seldom come from (A)

their enemies.

(B)

themselves.

(C)

places where they lived.

(D)

archaeologists.

Answer:

(B) themselves.

Feedback:

The answer is themselves.

24

The role of women in Native American cultures is poorly understood, in part because (A)

women were not allowed to record their experiences.

(B)

few differences existed between the roles of men and women.

(C)

it was assumed that their roles were the same as that for women in Europe.

(D)

early anthropologists were only interested in male activities.

Answer:

(D) early anthropologists were only interested in male activities.

Feedback:

The answer is early anthropologists were only interested in male activities.

25

Name at least three Indian stereotypes, and discuss how European Americans use(d) these popular views.

Answer:

1

The first to make contact with the New World were (A)

Columbus and his crew in 1492.

(B)

Vikings in A.D. 500.

(C)

Asian hunter-gatherers 17,000 years ago.

(D)

Portuguese explorers in 1400.

Answer:

(C) Asian hunter-gatherers 17,000 years ago.

Feedback:

The answer is Asian hunter-gatherers 17,000 years ago.

2

The Indian New Deal or Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 did all of the following EXCEPT (A)

ended the allotment system.

(B)

continued allotment because it successfully changed Indians into farmers.

(C)

returned unsold land to tribes.

(D)

made efforts to restore the land base.

Answer:

(B) continued allotment because it successfully changed Indians into farmers.

Feedback:

The answer is continued allotment because it successfully changed Indians into farmers.

3

In 1944, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was formed to (A)

resist the government-initiated Termination Policy.

(B)

obtain veterans benefits for Indians who had fought oversees.

(C)

build college-level schools on reservations.

(D)

reverse reforms established by the Indian Reorganization Act.

Answer:

(A) resist the government-initiated Termination Policy.

Feedback:

The answer is resist the government-initiated Termination Policy.

4

In 2015, Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission declared that the country’s Indian boarding school policy (A)

should be eliminated at upper grade levels.

(B)

encouraged the participation of parents.

(C)

had increased the reading proficiency among Indian students.

(D)

amounted to cultural genocide.

Answer:

(D) amounted to cultural genocide.

Feedback:

The answer is amounted to cultural genocide.

5

As a result of the Spanish mission system, Indians faced (A)

cooperative farming for trade with the missions.

(B)

preservation of Indian cultures.

(C)

enslavement as laborers.

(D)

better health and longer life expectancy.

Answer:

(C) enslavement as laborers.

Feedback:

The answer is enslavement as laborers.

6

The 1973 occupation of Wounded Knee Creek by members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) resulted in (A)

an annual ceremony to commemorate the event.

(B)

the election of the first Native American senator.

(C)

considerable publicity for the Indian cause.

(D)

a television ban of AIM activities.

Answer:

(C) considerable publicity for the Indian cause.

Feedback:

The answer is considerable publicity for the Indian cause.

7

Native Americans used tobacco (A)

primarily for ceremonies.

(B)

mainly for recreation.

(C)

because European settlers gave it to them.

(D)

but they never cultivated the plant.

Answer:

(A) primarily for ceremonies.

Feedback:

The answer is primarily for ceremonies.

8

Briefly compare the different objectives of Spain, France, Russia, and England when they entered the New World.

Answer:

9

Describe the impact of European disease on the native populations in the New World. How did extensive trading influence the transmission of disease?

Answer: 10

In what ways did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 affect Native Americans? What were some of the consequences of government corruption on the reservations?

Answer: 11

Who promoted the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, and what did it do?

Answer: 12

In 1887 the Dawes Act was passed to (A)

allot parcels of land to individual Indians.

(B)

exchange land for military participation.

(C)

reestablish European ownership that had been dismissed by previous treaties.

(D)

allow land ownership through an established barter system.

Answer:

(A) allot parcels of land to individual Indians.

Feedback:

The answer is allot parcels of land to individual Indians.

13

The non-Indian belief in manifest destiny, an idea used to justify taming the wild west and “civilizing” its inhabitants, led to (A)

better relations with Plains tribes.

(B)

broken treaties and the Indian Wars of the west.

(C)

a negative attitude about acquiring new territory.

(D)

greater interest in Indian cultures and beliefs.

Answer:

(B) broken treaties and the Indian Wars of the west.

Feedback:

The answer is broken treaties and the Indian Wars of the west.

14

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT (A)

fostering Indian self-determination.

(B)

providing law enforcement and health services to native groups.

(C)

managing land held in trusts for Indian nations.

(D)

retaining good-faith water rights.

Answer:

(D) retaining good-faith water rights.

Feedback:

The answer is retaining good-faith water rights.

15

How did Europeans initially react to the discovery of the New World?

(A)

By trying to learn from Indians

(B)

By conquering people and looting resources

(C)

Primarily by converting the natives to Christianity

(D)

By duplicating Indian weaponry

Answer:

(B) By conquering people and looting resources

Feedback:

The answer is by conquering people and looting resources.

16

In 1526, the first to establish a colony in the southern part of North America were (A)

the Spanish.

(B)

the Portuguese.

(C)

the French Canadians.

(D)

the British.

Answer:

(A) the Spanish.

Feedback:

The answer is the Spanish.

17

Spain’s approach to the New World included all of the following EXCEPT (A)

converting Indians to Christianity.

(B)

establishing an imperial presence.

(C)

taking rich resources.

(D)

procuring land for settlers.

Answer:

(D) procuring land for settlers.

Feedback:

The answer is procuring land for settlers.

18

The encomienda system was (A)

fair to Indians.

(B)

a form of Indian feudalism.

(C)

based on communes.

(D)

not used often.

Answer:

(B) a form of Indian feudalism.

Feedback:

The answer is a form of Indian feudalism.

19

The Dutch, the French, and the Russians were primarily interested in (A)

the fur trade.

(B)

establishing direct control over the population.

(C)

gaining land to farm.

(D)

building settlements.

Answer:

(A) the fur trade.

Feedback:

The answer is the fur trade.

20

The English came to the New World for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A)

to gain land for landless English citizens.

(B)

to ease unemployment in Great Britain.

(C)

to use it as a home for exiled criminals.

(D)

to exploit native resources.

Answer:

(D) to exploit native resources.

Feedback:

The answer is to exploit native resources.

21

Indian slavery in the colonies (A)

led to the formation of the Freedom Act.

(B)

reduced interest in the African slave trade.

(C)

caused an increase in native warfare.

(D)

encouraged many colonists to return to Europe.

Answer:

(C) caused an increase in native warfare.

Feedback:

The answer is caused an increase in native warfare.

22

As general of the Army in 1869, General William T. Sherman (A)

formed peaceful agreements with Indians.

(B)

was dismissed for sympathizing too much with Natives American causes.

(C)

campaigned to exterminate Indians.

(D)

campaigned to send Indian children to boarding schools.

Answer:

(C) campaigned to exterminate Indians.

Feedback:

The answer is campaigned to exterminate Indians.

23

During the French and Indian War (A)

the British allied with the French in Canada against the Indians.

(B)

the French in Canada allied with the Indians against the British.

(C)

the victors gained ownership of Spanish Florida.

(D)

independent Indian settlements were established along the Canadian border.

Answer:

(B) the French in Canada allied with the Indians against the British.

Feedback:

The answer is the French in Canada allied with the Indians against the British.

24

The Proclamation Line of 1763 (A)

prevented Indians from voting.

(B)

returned misappropriated land to Indians.

(C)

limited English colonization westward.

(D)

marked the boundary between Protestant and Catholic missionaries to the Indians.

Answer:

(C) limited English colonization westward.

Feedback:

The answer is limited English colonization westward.

25

Discuss the major culture and biological impacts of Europeans on American Indians.

Answer:

1

The Arctic is sometimes called a “desert” because (A)

it has dry sandy areas that resemble deserts under the snow.

(B)

it receives little precipitation or evaporation.

(C)

nothing grows there.

(D)

the subsoil never thaws.

Answer:

(B) it receives little precipitation or evaporation.

Feedback:

The answer is it receives little precipitation or evaporation.

2

The three major items of Arctic clothing are (A)

snowshoes, mittens, and hooded parkas.

(B)

hats, pants, and fur shirts.

(C)

hats, mittens, and sealskin overalls.

(D)

pants, mukluks, and hooded parkas.

Answer:

(D) pants, mukluks, and hooded parkas.

Feedback:

The answer is pants, mukluks, and hooded parkas.

3

Sculpture was the principal art form, and the most common medium was (A)

clay.

(B)

bronze.

(C)

limestone.

(D)

walrus ivory.

Answer:

(D) walrus ivory.

Feedback:

The answer is walrus ivory.

4

Problems the Arctic people have today include (A)

the inability to speak English.

(B)

few jobs and malnutrition.

(C)

cancers caused by solar radiation.

(D)

the disappearance of wetlands and bogs.

Answer:

(B) few jobs and malnutrition.

Feedback: 5

The answer is few jobs and malnutrition.

The two most essential economic activities of an Aleut village were (A)

hunting caribou and polar bears.

(B)

fishing and herding island sheep.

(C)

fishing and sea mammal hunting.

(D)

growing crops in the short summer and hunting seals.

Answer:

(C) fishing and sea mammal hunting.

Feedback:

The answer is fishing and sea mammal hunting.

6

The Quebec Inuit entertained themselves with (A)

archery and blanket tosses.

(B)

painting with dyes made from lichens and mosses on bark.

(C)

rowing contests.

(D)

foot races.

Answer:

(A) archery and blanket tosses.

Feedback:

The answer is archery and blanket tosses.

7

By 2015 the Quebec Inuit (A)

had a school system based on computer technology.

(B)

were an aging population with a low birth rate.

(C)

lived in about a dozen settlements in Nunavik.

(D)

had never been given any land.

Answer:

(C) lived in about a dozen settlements in Nunavik.

Feedback:

The answer is lived in about a dozen settlements in Nunavik.

8

How was the Arctic culture and technology dominated by the application of skins?

Answer: 9

Describe the importance of the nuclear family as a primary social unit among Arctic groups. How did marriage offset the demanding physical environment?

Answer:

10

What was the main concern of Arctic religion? Did they believe in the existence of souls?

Explain. What was the role of the shaman?

Answer: 11

Discuss the Unangan social divisions. What was the role of the headman?

Answer: 12

The typical Arctic house was (A)

made of snow.

(B)

made of driftwood, whalebone, and sod.

(C)

made of rock and straw.

(D)

portable.

Answer:

(B) made of driftwood, whalebone, and sod.

Feedback:

The answer is made of driftwood, whalebone, and sod.

13

The average Arctic family ate all of the following EXCEPT (A)

salmon.

(B)

caribou, if available.

(C)

duck eggs.

(D)

wild vegetables.

Answer:

(D) wild vegetables.

Feedback:

The answer is wild vegetables.

14

When members of an Arctic group died, they were usually (A)

buried below ground.

(B)

cremated.

(C)

placed in cairn graves or on platforms.

(D)

wrapped in blankets and released into waterways.

Answer:

(C) placed in cairn graves or on platforms.

Feedback:

The answer is placed in cairn graves or on platforms.

15

Arctic people can be categorized into several groups, including all of the following EXCEPT the

(A)

Unangan.

(B)

Yup’ik.

(C)

Inuit.

(D)

Nimiipuu.

Answer:

(D) Nimiipuu.

Feedback:

The answer is Nimiipuu.

16

The cycle of light above the Arctic Circle can be described as (A)

constant daylight from April through August.

(B)

constant daylight from November through February.

(C)

twilight for 10 months of the year.

(D)

daily cycles of light and dark.

Answer:

(A) constant daylight from April through August.

Feedback:

The answer is constant daylight from April through August.

17

The European impact on Arctic people includes (A)

decreased violence as they converted to Christianity.

(B)

depleted game and increased dependency on traders.

(C)

better general health.

(D)

introduction of the kayak.

Answer:

(B) depleted game and increased dependency on traders.

Feedback:

The answer is depleted game and increased dependency on traders.

18

The first known contact with the Inuit of the eastern Arctic was by (A)

fishermen from Northern Spain.

(B)

Norse moving west from Iceland.

(C)

a Russian naval expedition.

(D)

American whalers.

Answer:

(B) Norse moving west from Iceland.

Feedback:

The answer is Norse moving west from Iceland.

19

Before World War II, most anthropological interest in Arctic peoples focused on (A)

interactions among groups from the polar regions.

(B)

the Inuit family structure.

(C)

the Eskimo linguistic branch.

(D)

their technological adaptations to the Arctic environment.

Answer:

(D) their technological adaptations to the Arctic environment.

Feedback:

The answer is their technological adaptations to the Arctic environment.

20

The most prevalent land animal in the Arctic is the (A)

gray fox.

(B)

caribou.

(C)

polar bear.

(D)

black bear.

Answer:

(B) caribou.

Feedback:

The answer is caribou.

21

Dogs were used throughout the Arctic to perform all of the following tasks, EXCEPT to (A)

guard camps from strangers and bears.

(B)

search shallow waters for sea life.

(C)

locate breathing holes for seals.

(D)

be eaten in times of famine.

Answer:

(B) search shallow waters for sea life.

Feedback:

The answer is to search shallow waters for sea life.

22

One characteristic of divorce among Arctic groups was that it (A)

was rare after the birth of the first child.

(B)

was not permitted for arranged marriages.

(C)

could only be initiated by the husband.

(D)

was a complex matter that disrupted the labor unit.

Answer:

(A) was rare after the birth of the first child.

Feedback: 23

The answer is was rare after the birth of the first child.

The major cause of the high infant mortality rate among Arctic peoples was (A)

frostbite.

(B)

stillbirth.

(C)

infanticide of females.

(D)

pneumonia.

Answer:

(D) pneumonia.

Feedback:

The answer is pneumonia.

24

Men in the Arctic often settled their disputes with song contests, and they mainly fought over (A)

hunting partners.

(B)

territory.

(C)

women.

(D)

food.

Answer:

(C) women.

Feedback:

The answer is women.

25

What are the problems of the Quebec Inuit today? How did the 1975 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement with the Canadian government affect them?

Answer:

1

The 30 major groups of the Subarctic were divided into two major language families, which were the (A)

Numic and Paiute.

(B)

Wakashan and Nootka.

(C)

Eskimo and Unangan.

(D)

Athapaskan and Algonquian.

Answer:

(D) Athapaskan and Algonquian.

Feedback:

The answer is Athapaskan and Algonquian.

2

In an attempt to bring various bands together, modern Western Woods Cree (A)

demanded recognition by the Canadian government.

(B)

formed the Grand Council of the Crees in 1971.

(C)

joined with Métis to foster joint land ownership.

(D)

incorporated Penutian as a primary language in 1975.

Answer:

(B) formed the Grand Council of the Crees in 1971.

Feedback:

The answer is formed the Grand Council of the Cree in 1971.

3

Two musical instruments of the Western Woods Cree are (A)

drums and bull-roarers.

(B)

drums and rattles.

(C)

rattles and flutes.

(D)

bull-roarers and flutes.

Answer:

(A) drums and bull-roarers.

Feedback:

The answer is drums and bull-roarers.

4

Cree material culture and technology included (A)

canoes and toboggans.

(B)

tools made from iron and copper.

(C)

snow houses.

(D)

pottery.

Answer:

(A) canoes and toboggans.

Feedback:

The answer is canoes and toboggans.

5

The Cree diet included (A)

fish in the summer but not in the winter.

(B)

kelp.

(C)

whale meat.

(D)

air-dried beanstalks.

Answer:

(A) fish in the summer but not in the winter.

Feedback:

The answer is fish in the summer but not in the winter.

6

After the death of a loved one, close relatives mourned for a year and (A)

chanted songs of safe passage to the afterlife.

(B)

wore the deceased person’s clothes.

(C)

would not cut their hair.

(D)

did not wash their faces.

Answer:

(D) did not wash their faces.

Feedback:

The answer is did not wash their faces.

7

Political organization in the Subarctic involved (A)

hereditary headmen.

(B)

ittle preparation for war, as it was rare.

(C)

highly flexible, mobile, small local bands.

(D)

permanent villages that never moved.

Answer:

(C) highly flexible, mobile, small local bands.

Feedback:

The answer is highly flexible, mobile, small local bands.

8

Discuss the life cycle of the traditional Western Woods Cree.

Answer: 9

Discuss the impact of the shaman and the concept of the Manitou on the religious and medical practices of the Western Woods Cree.

Answer: 10

How early did the Algonquian and Athapaskan groups move into the Subarctic? How were they organized, and what were their resources?

Answer: 11

Describe the social organization of the Subarctic. Explain their division of labor and the importance of sharing and cooperation.

Answer: 12

Since the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation won their court battle to stop clear-cutting of forests on traditional lands, (A)

aboriginal rights to land have been reestablished.

(B)

the availability of timber has doubled.

(C)

the Canadian government has limited mining and logging permits.

(D)

nothing has really changed on the ground.

Answer:

(D) nothing has really changed on the ground.

Feedback:

The answer is nothing has really changed on the ground.

13

The most important food plants in the Subarctic were (A)

pine nuts.

(B)

corn kernels.

(C)

potatoes.

(D)

berries.

Answer:

(D) berries.

Feedback:

The answer is berries.

14

Subarctic religion (A)

taught that the animals people hunted were inferior.

(B)

held that there were spirits in animals, plants, and geographic features.

(C)

included a personal, individual power that could not be shared.

(D)

was based on a supreme deity.

Answer:

(B) held that there were spirits in animals, plants, and geographic features.

Feedback: 15

The answer is held that there were spirits in animals, plants, and geographic features.

The physiographic regions of the Subarctic include all of the following EXCEPT the (A)

Ungava Bay.

(B)

Cordillera

(C)

Alaska Plateau.

(D)

Canadian Shield.

Answer:

(A) Ungava Bay.

Feedback:

The answer is Ungava Bay.

16

Most Subarctic groups could be characterized as having (A)

large populations.

(B)

elaborate ceremonial monuments.

(C)

high mobility.

(D)

complex political structures.

Answer:

(C) high mobility.

Feedback:

The answer is high mobility.

17

European impact on the Subarctic included (A)

removal of Indian settlements to distant regions.

(B)

increased conservation of resources.

(C)

the introduction of devastating diseases.

(D)

the pollution of lakes and rivers.

Answer:

(C) the introduction of devastating diseases.

Feedback:

The answer is the introduction of devastating diseases.

18

The three major environmental zones of the Subarctic are the tundra zone, the boreal forest, and the (A)

deciduous forest.

(B)

northeastern marshland.

(C)

wooded river valleys.

(D)

desert inland.

Answer:

(A) deciduous forest.

Feedback:

The answer is deciduous forest.

19

Prior to about 7000 B.P., most of the Subarctic environment could NOT support (A)

lake basins.

(B)

human populations.

(C)

tundra and forest zones.

(D)

animal life including caribou.

Answer:

(B) human populations.

Feedback:

The answer is human populations.

20

After Columbus arrived in the New World, Subarctic groups along the east coast were contacted by (A)

Spanish fur merchants.

(B)

a Russian naval expedition.

(C)

French Basque fishermen.

(D)

Italian missionaries.

Answer:

(C) French Basque fishermen.

Feedback:

The answer is French Basque fishermen.

21

By the late nineteenth century, the number of prey a hunter could catch increased due to the (A)

introduction of guns to the region.

(B)

dispersal of European hunters to other parts of North America.

(C)

application of European poisons to spearheads.

(D)

animal population growth resulting from new vegetation.

Answer:

(A) introduction of guns to the region.

Feedback:

The answer is introduction of guns to the region.

22

The Subarctic (A)

represents the largest culture area in North America.

(B)

has relatively warm winters and long summers.

(C)

has a shortage of water.

(D)

has few forests.

Answer:

(A) represents the largest culture area in North America.

Feedback:

The answer is represents the largest culture area in North America.

23

Most of the early ethnographic work on Subarctic peoples was sponsored by (A)

missionaries.

(B)

appointed governmental entities.

(C)

archeological societies.

(D)

museums.

Answer:

(D) museums.

Feedback:

The answer is museums.

24

A critical rule for marriage among Subarctic groups was (A)

male offspring resided with the husband’s family for one year.

(B)

incest was to be avoided.

(C)

divorce was forbidden.

(D)

the shaman had to approve the union.

Answer:

(B) incest was to be avoided.

Feedback:

The answer is incest was to be avoided.

25

Describe the material culture and technology of Subarctic people.

Answer:

1

The Plateau is located (A)

in the north-central portion of western North America.

(B)

in and around the peninsula below Hudson Bay.

(C)

in a rocky region in the eastern part of Canada.

(D)

along the Pacific coastline, west of the Coast Mountains and the Cascade Range.

Answer:

(A) in the north-central portion of western North America.

Feedback:

The answer is in the north-central portion of western North America.

2

The Modoc War resulted in all of the following EXCEPT (A)

cost the United States over half a million dollars.

(B)

raised a national debate about treatment of Indians.

(C)

resulted in public criticism of the highest level of U.S. government.

(D)

a government mandate to restore ancestral lands.

Answer:

(D) a government mandate to restore ancestral lands.

Feedback:

The answer is a government mandate to restore ancestral lands.

3

The most important food among most Plateau groups is (A)

corn.

(B)

salmon.

(C)

duck.

(D)

bison.

Answer:

(B) salmon.

Feedback:

The answer is salmon.

4

Nimiipuu families (A)

were small and nuclear.

(B)

belonged to one of three classes: wealthy, middle class, or slave.

(C)

were matrilineal.

(D)

were nomadic.

Answer:

(B) belonged to one of three classes: wealthy, middle class, or slave.

Feedback: 5

The answer is belonged to one of three classes: wealthy, middle class, or slave.

The modern Nimiipuu (A)

live on one small reservation in Oregon.

(B)

have refused to open a casino.

(C)

have no real tribal government.

(D)

continue to face fishing rights issues.

Answer:

(D) continue to face fishing rights issues.

Feedback:

The answer is continue to face fishing rights issues.

6

The Modoc Indians (A)

wanted to share a reservation with the Klamath, their longtime allies.

(B)

were pursed by U.S. troops when they left their reservation.

(C)

never harmed a peace negotiator.

(D)

were never allowed to return to northern California.

Answer:

(B) were pursed by U.S. troops when they left their reservation.

Feedback:

The answer is were pursed by U.S. troops when they left their reservation.

7

Traditional Plateau weapons included all of the following EXCEPT (A)

obsidian arrowheads.

(B)

knives.

(C)

muskets.

(D)

bows and arrows.

Answer:

(C) muskets.

Feedback:

The answer is muskets.

8

Discuss the organization of Plateau villages. Who became a headman or village chief and how? What was the role of women?

Answer: 9

What did Plateau religion emphasize? What rituals were important? What was the role of the shaman?

Answer:

10

What are the problems for Plateau Indians today? What are their sources of income? What is the major issue for them?

Answer: 11

What precipitated the Nimiipuu war of 1877? Who was the most famous Nimiipuu leader, and what was the controversy surrounding his role? How did he later help the Nimiipuu people?

Answer: 12

Kintpuash (Captain Jack) is renowned for (A)

forcing the Nimiipuu onto their reservation land in the 19th century.

(B)

translating for Lewis and Clark during their expedition.

(C)

informing anthropologists about Plateau culture in the 20th century.

(D)

leading rebellions in the Modoc War.

Answer:

(D) leading rebellions in the Modoc War.

Feedback:

The answer is leading rebellions in the Modoc War.

13

The Modoc War of the mid-late 19th century was caused by (A)

the U.S. government prohibiting the hunting of caribou.

(B)

the forced relocation of the Modoc into Klamath territories.

(C)

conflict between the Hudson’s Bay Company and other fur companies.

(D)

the refusal of white settlers to leave their farms in northern Idaho.

Answer:

(B) the forced relocation of the Modoc into Klamath territories.

Feedback:

The answer is the forced relocation of the Modoc into Klamath territories.

14

Religion among Plateau groups stressed the relationship between the individual and the (A)

supernatural.

(B)

community.

(C)

shaman.

(D)

animal kingdom.

Answer:

(A) supernatural.

Feedback:

The answer is supernatural.

15

Major features of Plateau culture included all of the following EXCEPT

(A)

regional trading networks.

(B)

an uncomplicated political structure.

(C)

settlements in mountainous desert areas.

(D)

kinships across groups.

Answer:

(C) settlements in mountainous desert areas.

Feedback:

The answer is settlements in mountainous desert areas.

16

Whereas the southern Plateau is characterized by extensive lava flows, the environment of the northern Plateau region is (A)

arctic with year-round snowcover or permafrost.

(B)

mild with a great deal of coastal rainfall.

(C)

mountainous and dominated by evergreen forests.

(D)

dry and arid, consisting mostly of flat, open plains.

Answer:

(C) mountainous and dominated by evergreen forests.

Feedback:

The answer is mountainous and dominated by evergreen forests.

17

After 1720, the Plateau culture changed dramatically due to (A)

cultivation the tobacco plant.

(B)

introduction of the horse.

(C)

trading agreements with European settlers.

(D)

the loss of young men during the Plateau Indian War.

Answer:

(B) introduction of the horse.

Feedback:

The answer is introduction of the horse.

18

The Shoshone known as Sacajawea became famous when she (A)

discovered medicinal uses for the cous root.

(B)

became the first woman to serve on an intervillage council.

(C)

developed a rapid method to dehydrate salmon.

(D)

served as a guide when Lewis and Clark passed through the Plateau region.

Answer:

(D) served as a guide when Lewis and Clark passed through the Plateau region.

Feedback:

19

The answer is served as a guide when Lewis and Clark passed through the Plateau region.

The Plateau became flooded with Euroamerican immigrants (A)

when the United States took control of northern Idaho in 1846.

(B)

when families moved west to avoid conflicts of the Civil War.

(C)

after the opening of the Oregon Trail in 1840.

(D)

when profits from the fur trade doubled in the early nineteenth century.

Answer:

(C) after the opening of the Oregon Trail in 1840.

Feedback:

The answer is after the opening of the Oregon Trail in 1840.

20

The peace and protection promised by the Walla Walla Council Treaty of 1855 was threatened when (A)

medical assistance was delayed after the smallpox epidemic.

(B)

tribal conflicts escalated over landownership.

(C)

white miners confiscated reservation land in search of newly discovered gold.

(D)

rampant technological changes began to destroy the land base.

Answer:

(C) white miners confiscated reservation land in search of newly discovered gold.

Feedback:

The answer is white miners confiscated reservation land in search of newly discovered gold.

21

About 24 groups lived in the Plateau, including all of the following EXCEPT the (A)

Klamath.

(B)

Yakima.

(C)

Flathead.

(D)

Navajo.

Answer:

(D) Navajo.

Feedback:

The answer is Navajo.

22

Educating children of the Plateau was entrusted to (A)

grandparents

(B)

eldest daughter.

(C)

wife.

(D)

the shaman.

Answer:

(A) grandparents

Feedback:

The answer is grandparents.

23

Of the 30 plants eaten for their roots alone, the most popular was (A)

willow.

(B)

peyote.

(C)

camas.

(D)

ginger.

Answer:

(D) ginger.

Feedback:

The answer is camas.

24

Which of the following was NOT typically found in Plateau winter villages?

(A)

A sweathouse

(B)

A menstrual house

(C)

A bathhouse

(D)

A house for extended families

Answer:

(C) A bathhouse

Feedback:

The answer is a bathhouse.

25

What were the factors that led to the Modoc War? Why did the terrain of the battleground particularly suit the Modoc?

Answer:

1

The culture area of the Northwest Coast was the site of all of the following EXCEPT (A)

a material culture focused on woodworking.

(B)

early domestication of the horse for travel.

(C)

unique and highly regarded artwork.

(D)

economies based on marine life.

Answer:

(B) early domestication of the horse for travel.

Feedback:

The answer is early domestication of the horse for travel.

2

An essential element for maintaining rank in Northwest Coast communities was (A)

agreement among members of the noble class.

(B)

inheritance of property.

(C)

number of wives.

(D)

number of descendents.

Answer:

(B) inheritance of property.

Feedback:

The answer is inheritance of property.

3

The most important social unit in the Northwest Coast was the (A)

moiety.

(B)

nuclear family.

(C)

clan.

(D)

lineage.

Answer:

(C) clan.

Feedback:

The answer is clan.

4

The message expressed in Northwest Coast art focused on the (A)

hierarchical relationships between the figures.

(B)

details of the figures themselves.

(C)

meanings attached to the colors presented.

(D)

exploration of dreams.

Answer:

(A) hierarchical relationships between the figures.

Feedback: 5

The answer is hierarchical relationships between the figures.

The historical Kwakwaka’wakw did all of the following EXCEPT (A)

traded with the British, starting in the 1700s.

(B)

suffered heavily from European diseases.

(C)

lost 87% of their population.

(D)

had great concern for the origin of the universe.

Answer:

(D) had great concern for the origin of the universe.

Feedback:

The answer is had great concern for the origin of the universe.

6

The Kwakwaka’wakw believed that the culture hero Transformer (A)

would empower warriors during battle.

(B)

protected their children from harm.

(C)

created the Kwakwaka’wakw people.

(D)

would remove settlers from their lands.

Answer:

(C) created the Kwakwaka’wakw people.

Feedback:

The answer is created the Kwakwaka’wakw people.

7

The primary Kwakwaka’wakw family unit (A)

was a loosely patrilineal lineage.

(B)

was a firmly matrilineal lineage.

(C)

did not involve clans.

(D)

lived in separate houses.

Answer:

(A) was a loosely patrilineal lineage.

Feedback:

The answer is was a loosely patrilineal lineage.

8

Discuss why early scientists believed the people of the Northwest Coast became dependent on the salmon. By what time was warfare evident? Woodworking tools? What developed in the Late Period?

Answer: 9

Name the first Europeans to contact Indians of the Northwest Coast and note the date.

Which Europeans controlled the Northwest Coast fur trade? What was the impact of Europeans on Northwest Coast Indians?

Answer: 10

Discuss the importance of potlatches. What events did they mark? Why did the Canadian government ban them, and what impact did that have on the Northwest Coast people?

Answer: 11

Explain the significance of the totem pole. Describe several types.

Answer: 12

The industries that employ most Kwakwaka’wakw today are (A)

tourism and gaming.

(B)

fishing and logging.

(C)

hunting and fishing.

(D)

corn and timber.

Answer:

(B) fishing and logging.

Feedback:

The answer is fishing and logging.

13

Chief Seathl is famous for (A)

signing the Treaty of Point Elliot, which placed most of the Indians in the Puget Sound area on reservations.

(B)

rebelling against the Canadian government at the Battle of Point Elliot.

(C)

conducting valuable ethnographic research with the Kwakwaka’wakw in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

(D)

hosting the largest potlatch of record in the Northwest Coast in the late 19th century.

Answer:

(A) signing the Treaty of Point Elliot, which placed most of the Indians in the Puget Sound area on reservations.

Feedback:

The answer is signing the Treaty of Point Elliot, which placed most of the Indians in the Puget Sound area on reservations.

14

The prime location for a town in the Northwest Coast was (A)

an isolated canyon with abundant tributaries.

(B)

a tract of forest replete with woody vegetation.

(C)

a patch of flatland shielded by mountains to the east.

(D)

a shelter location along the bay with a river system.

Answer:

(D) a shelter location along the bay with a river system.

Feedback:

The answer is a shelter location along the bay with a river system.

15

The environment of the Northwest Coast consisted of (A)

extensive grassland on the east.

(B)

arid desert flatlands.

(C)

extensive marshland in the inland regions.

(D)

thick forests that were difficult to travel through.

Answer:

(D) thick forests that were difficult to travel through.

Feedback:

The answer is thick forests that were difficult to travel through.

16

The prehistory of the Northwest Coast is poorly known partly because (A)

frequent volcanic activity has destroyed sites.

(B)

many ancient sites are now under water.

(C)

most prehistoric settlements are under ice.

(D)

political instability dominated the region.

Answer:

(B) many ancient sites are now under water.

Feedback:

The answer is many ancient sites are now under water.

17

About 3,500 years ago, a complex socioeconomic system typical of ethnographic times surfaced, now often referred to as the (A)

Developed Northwest Coast Pattern.

(B)

Configuration of Douthern Alaska.

(C)

Puget Sound Period.

(D)

Coastal Occupation Peak.

Answer:

(A) Developed Northwest Coast Pattern.

Feedback:

The answer is Developed Northwest Coast Pattern.

18

Interaction among various Indian groups and Europeans led to the development of a special language called (A)

Paiute.

(B)

Hokan.

(C)

Chinuk Wawa.

(D)

Mono.

Answer:

(C) Chinuk Wawa.

Feedback:

The answer is Chinuk Wawa.

19

Potlatches are social and political ceremonies that (A)

make the wealthy even richer.

(B)

are held by shamans.

(C)

can validate rank and redistribute wealth.

(D)

were initiated by European settlers.

Answer:

(C) can validate rank and redistribute wealth.

Feedback:

The answer is can validate rank and redistribute wealth.

20

Totem poles are traditionally made to show all of the following EXCEPT (A)

rank and memorials.

(B)

achievements and exploits.

(C)

consequences of misbehavior.

(D)

family history.

Answer:

(C) consequences of misbehavior.

Feedback:

The answer is consequences of misbehavior.

21

Although it was reinstated in 1951, the potlatch was banned (A)

in 1885.

(B)

in 1800.

(C)

in 1902.

(D)

regionally throughout the late 19th century.

Answer:

(A) in 1885.

Feedback:

The answer is in 1885.

22

All of the following describes ”coppers” EXCEPT that they

(A)

were often displayed at potlatches.

(B)

were of modest value.

(C)

could be destroyed.

(D)

had names and histories.

Answer:

(B) were of modest value.

Feedback:

The answer is were of modest value.

23

Although it was always an important industry, fishing became a major commercial enterprise around 1865 due to (A)

the development of canning.

(B)

the drop in the pelt availability caused by European fur trade.

(C)

widespread disease reducing the land animal population.

(D)

the desire for fish sparked by gold miners.

Answer:

(A) the development of canning.

Feedback:

The answer is the development of canning.

24

Many groups in the Northwest Coast had slaves, for whom each of the following is true EXCEPT that they were (A)

obtained from raids.

(B)

symbols of status for their owners.

(C)

protected during the potlatch.

(D)

preferably female.

Answer:

(C) protected during the potlatch.

Feedback:

The answer is protected during the potlatch.

25

Explain why Chief Seathl is sometimes considered an environmentalist.

Answer:

1

The Great Basin is located in (A)

the western United States.

(B)

the southeastern United States.

(C)

northeastern Canadian.

(D)

western Canadian. West.

Answer:

(A) the western United States.

Feedback:

The answer is the western United States.

2

The Ghost Dance was (A)

a classic example of a “revitalization” movement.

(B)

encouraged by the federal government because it calmed the Indians.

(C)

never militarized.

(D)

never popular on the Plains or in the Great Basin.

Answer:

(A) a classic example of a “revitalization” movement.

Feedback:

The answer is a classic example of a “revitalization” movement.

3

Modern Great Basin Indians have (A)

overcome problems with drugs and alcohol.

(B)

issues with land, hunting, water, and grazing rights.

(C)

no casinos.

(D)

successfully had their cultural views incorporated into law.

Answer:

(B) issues with land, hunting, water, and grazing rights.

Feedback:

The answer is have issues with land, hunting, water, and grazing rights.

4

Each of the following is true of the Owens Valley Paiute EXCEPT that they (A)

were organized into seven bands that controlled specific areas.

(B)

were peaceful and traded with California Indians.

(C)

wore elaborate clothing most of the time.

(D)

The answer is wore elaborate clothing most of the time.

Answer:

(C) wore elaborate clothing most of the time.

Feedback: 5

The answer is wore elaborate clothing most of the time.

Today Owens Valley Paiute (A)

still have no reservations.

(B)

refuse to open casinos.

(C)

are trying to maintain their language and culture.

(D)

have asked the U.S. Forest Service to spray for insects to prevent tree infestation.

Answer:

(C) are trying to maintain their language and culture.

Feedback:

The answer is are trying to maintain their language and culture.

6

The material culture and ritual life of the Chemehuevi were heavily influenced by (A)

the Mohave.

(B)

the Shoshones.

(C)

the Europeans.

(D)

other Southern Paiute groups.

Answer:

(A) the Mohave.

Feedback:

The answer is the Mohave.

7

Today the Chemehuevi (A)

have a population of about 50,000.

(B)

maintain a court, an attorney, and a tribal administrator.

(C)

await acknowledgment as a federally recognized tribe.

(D)

have abandoned agriculture as an economic activity.

Answer:

(B) maintain a court, an attorney, and a tribal administrator.

Feedback:

The answer is maintain a court, an attorney, and a tribal administrator.

8

Explain how the Indians of the Great Basin exploited their environment.

Answer: 9

Describe the ways the Owens Valley Paiute interacted with neighboring groups. How did the level of warfare relate to the volume of trade?

Answer:

10

Discuss the Ghost Dance and its impact on Great Basin people. Why did the federal government fear it?

Answer: 11

Discuss the concept of the Desert Archaic. How does it differ from the earlier perception of the Desert Culture?

Answer: 12

Housing in the Great Basin (A)

never varied from brush and adobe.

(B)

included wickiups, caves, and semisubterranean houses.

(C)

consisted of permanent villages.

(D)

mainly featured communal longhouses.

Answer:

(B) included wickiups, caves, and semisubterranean houses.

Feedback:

The answer is included wickiups, caves, and semisubterranean houses.

13

Great Basin people ate all of the following EXCEPT (A)

waterfowl, rabbits, and hares.

(B)

insects such as ants, crickets, and grasshoppers.

(C)

locally cultivated sugarcane.

(D)

trout and salmon.

Answer:

(C) locally cultivated sugarcane.

Feedback:

The answer is locally cultivated sugarcane.

14

The most popular large mammals hunted in the Great Basin were (A)

bear and elk.

(B)

bison and caribou.

(C)

deer, mountain sheep, and pronghorn antelope.

(D)

caribou and brown bears.

Answer:

(C) deer, mountain sheep, and pronghorn antelope.

Feedback:

The answer is deer, mountain sheep, and pronghorn antelope.

15

The Great Basin is characterized by

(A)

interconnected stationary families organized into chiefdoms.

(B)

mobile hunter-gatherers with small populations.

(C)

sedentary farm people living in permanent villages.

(D)

large agricultural clans with complex political organizations.

Answer:

(B) mobile hunter-gatherers with small populations.

Feedback:

The answer is mobile hunter-gatherers with small populations.

16

The nuclear family in the Great Basin (A)

was part of a large band that always hunted together.

(B)

was mainly matrilineal.

(C)

was the basic social unit.

(D)

did not like to produce children, as the environment was so harsh.

Answer:

(C) was the basic social unit.

Feedback:

The answer is was the basic social unit.

17

The Great Basin culture area incorporated the territory inhabited by people speaking one of which family of languages?

(A)

Penutian

(B)

Numic

(C)

Hokan

(D)

Chumashan

Answer:

(B) Numic

Feedback:

The answer is Numic.

18

Great Basin religion (A)

included the Bear Dance and the Round Dance.

(B)

revolved around a dual deity.

(C)

was focused on women.

(D)

was remarkably resistant to European influences and has not changed in 300 years.

Answer:

(A) included the Bear Dance and the Round Dance.

Feedback: 19

The answer is included the Bear Dance and the Round Dance.

As the climate became warmer and drier at the end of the Pleistocene Period, the people responded by (A)

traveling north into what is now southern Canada.

(B)

migrating to the area now known as western Utah.

(C)

adapting to the changing conditions.

(D)

perishing in large numbers due to the reduction of lake water.

Answer:

(C) adapting to the changing conditions.

Feedback:

The answer is adapting to the changing conditions.

20

Early groups practicing agriculture in the eastern and southern Basin are generally known as (A)

Basin growers.

(B)

rustic Archaics.

(C)

the Bannock.

(D)

the Fremont.

Answer:

(D) the Fremont.

Feedback:

The answer is the Fremont.

21

Major characteristics of the Great Basin include (A)

no agriculture and general poverty.

(B)

use of the pinyon nut as a critical food item.

(C)

a lack of enduring traditional cultures.

(D)

almost no hunting due to desert conditions.

Answer:

(B) use of the pinyon nut as a critical food item.

Feedback:

The answer is use of the pinyon nut as a critical food item.

22

The alteration of the Great Basin environment resulting from European contact included all of the following EXCEPT the (A)

loss of valleys and their resources.

(B)

interference of game movements due to fencing.

(C)

emition of pollutants from weaponry.

(D)

demolition of forests.

Answer:

(C) emition of pollutants from weaponry.

Feedback:

The answer is emition of pollutants from weaponry.

23

Sarah Winnemucca, a Northern Paiute, (A)

was known as the “Indian Moses.”

(B)

was an interpreter for the army during the Bannock War.

(C)

was instrumental in encouraging her people to declare was on the United States.

(D)

did not believe in Indian self-determination in education.

Answer:

(B) was an interpreter for the army during the Bannock War.

Feedback:

The answer is was an interpreter for the army during the Bannock War.

24

The Derby Dam, built in 1905, across the Truckee River, (A)

devastated the economic base of the Northern Paiute.

(B)

brought much needed water to the Northern Paiute.

(C)

formed Lake Winnemucca.

(D)

had no impact on the reservation at Pyramid Lake.

Answer:

(A) devastated the economic base of the Northern Paiute.

Feedback:

The answer is devastated the economic base of the Northern Paiute.

25

Explain the condition of the Chemehuevi people today. In what ways have they sought to expand their economic base?

Answer:

1

At the time of European contact, the number of Indians living in California was (A)

less than 10,000.

(B)

from 50,000 to 100,000.

(C)

from 300,000 to 700,000.

(D)

about 1 million.

Answer:

(C) from 300,000 to 700,000.

Feedback:

The answer is from 300,000 to 700,000.

2

California peoples had a highly developed art of (A)

masonry.

(B)

basketry.

(C)

copper tool making.

(D)

weaving corn husks for clothing.

Answer:

(B) basketry.

Feedback:

The answer is basketry.

3

The population of California Indians in California today is about (A)

about 5,000.

(B)

about 25,000.

(C)

about 80,000.

(D)

nearly 2 million.

Answer:

(C) about 80,000.

Feedback:

The answer is 80,000.

4

A material that was critical to the Yokuts for the manufacture of baskets, mats, and boats was (A)

willow.

(B)

sumac.

(C)

tule.

(D)

oak bark.

Answer:

(C) tule.

Feedback:

The answer is tule.

5

The Chumash (A)

were politically organized into a chiefdom.

(B)

had numerous explanations for the creation of the universe.

(C)

were frequently engaged in warfare.

(D)

used pottery for bowls and pipes.

Answer:

(A) were politically organized into a chiefdom.

Feedback:

The answer is were politically organized into a chiefdom.

6

The ‘antap was (A)

an important religious organization that planned ceremonies.

(B)

a kind of basket used for cooking.

(C)

the official Chumash currency.

(D)

the most famous type of Chumash pottery.

Answer:

(A) an important religious organization that planned ceremonies.

Feedback:

The answer is an important religious organization that planned ceremonies.

7

Pomo women are known for creating fine (A)

rugs.

(B)

baskets.

(C)

wood carvings.

(D)

pottery.

Answer:

(B) baskets.

Feedback:

The answer is baskets.

8

Discuss the importance of Ishi to American Indians, anthropology, and the United States as a whole.

Answer: 9

Explain how the Yokuts exploited their environment.

Answer: 10

Discuss California Indian religion. Include the World Renewal and Toloache ceremonies and the Kuksu cult.

Answer: 11

Describe California Indian art forms. Identify which cultures are associated with which art forms.

Answer: 12

A major distinguishing feature of the California culture area is (A)

hunting pronghorn sheep.

(B)

simplistic material culture.

(C)

the general lack of interest in fishing.

(D)

acorn exploitation.

Answer:

(D) acorn exploitation.

Feedback:

The answer is acorn exploitation.

13

Most of the primary religious systems in California centered on (A)

the union of human and animal life.

(B)

ceremonial cycles.

(C)

a single supreme deity.

(D)

communication with ancestral leaders.

Answer:

(B) ceremonial cycles.

Feedback:

The answer is ceremonial cycles.

14

Rank was often dependent on (A)

the rank of one’s parents.

(B)

the rank of one’s spouse.

(C)

the determination of the group’s leader.

(D)

proof of wealth.

Answer:

(A) the rank of one’s parents.

Feedback: 15

The answer is the rank of one’s parents.

Each of the following is true of the California culture area EXCEPT it (A)

includes the northern portion of Baja California in modern Mexico.

(B)

includes the Cascade Mountains and Sierra Nevada.

(C)

includes the North Coast Range.

(D)

has the same boundaries as the modern-day state of California.

Answer:

(D) has the same boundaries as the modern-day state of California.

Feedback:

The answer is has the same boundaries as the modern-day state of California.

16

The climate in most of California can be categorized as (A)

Mediterranean.

(B)

arid.

(C)

marine.

(D)

boreal.

Answer:

(A) Mediterranean.

Feedback:

The answer is Mediterranean.

17

Ishi is significant because (A)

it is the most important Chumash religious ceremony.

(B)

it is the name of the spirit realm, where the dead go.

(C)

in the early 1900s he was known as the “last wild Indian in North America.”

(D)

he was the translator for early Spanish missionaries in the 1700s.

Answer:

(C) in the early 1900s he was known as the “last wild Indian in North America.”

Feedback:

The answer is in the early 1900s he was known as the “last wild Indian in North America.”

18

Paleoindians (Clovis people) arrived in California about (A)

500 to 3000 years ago.

(B)

5000 years ago.

(C)

10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

(D)

20,000 years ago.

Answer:

(C) 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

Feedback:

The answer is 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

19

Father Junípero Serra (A)

coordinated the relocation of missions from Baja California to the San Joaquin Valley.

(B)

fought for the rights of native peoples to retain their original religious practices.

(C)

founded the Society of Interdenominational Faith.

(D)

was canonized, under protest by Native Americans.

Answer:

(D) was canonized, under protest by Native Americans.

Feedback:

The answer is was canonized, under protest by Native Americans.

20

The settlers and miners that arrived during the gold rush of the 1800s affected California Indians in a variety of ways, including (A)

the gold coin was introduced as a unit of currency among the Yokuts.

(B)

rivers were rerouted and dammed.

(C)

native families were disrupted when many young men turned to mining.

(D)

the establishment of new cities was postponed.

Answer:

(B) rivers were rerouted and dammed.

Feedback:

The answer is rivers were rerouted and dammed.

21

It is challenging to make broad statements about early California Indians because (A)

most of the cultures were simple and undefined.

(B)

the dominant dialect was replaced by Spanish early in the cultural history.

(C)

there was great diversity among the groups and languages.

(D)

ethnographic research was limited until the late 20th century.

Answer:

(C) there was great diversity among the groups and languages.

Feedback:

The answer is there was great diversity among the groups and languages.

22

Most traditional California groups had all of the following EXCEPT (A)

organized in tribes.

(B)

formal leaders.

(C)

large-scale warfare over territory.

(D)

relatively large populations living in villages.

Answer:

(C) large-scale warfare over territory.

Feedback:

The answer is large-scale warfare over territory.

23

The major social unit in California was (A)

the clan.

(B)

the lineage.

(C)

the moiety.

(D)

the nuclear family.

Answer:

(B) the lineage.

Feedback:

The answer is the lineage.

24

California Native cultures featured (A)

simple economic systems.

(B)

little trading.

(C)

the widespread use of money.

(D)

no bartering.

Answer:

(C) the widespread use of money.

Feedback:

The answer is the widespread use of money.

25

Discuss the market economies of the California Indians. It what ways did their systems differ from those of other native peoples?

Answer:

1

Pueblo groups were considered “less primitive” by Europeans at the time of contact because they (A)

had a sophisticated currency system.

(B)

wore European-like clothing.

(C)

lived in permanent towns.

(D)

had an alphabet.

Answer:

(C) lived in permanent towns.

Feedback:

The answer is lived in permanent towns.

2

Today the Navajo do NOT (A)

sell textiles commercially.

(B)

have interests timber or gravel.

(C)

have peaceful relations with the Hopi.

(D)

have increased irrigated agricultural land space.

Answer:

(C) have peaceful relations with the Hopi.

Feedback:

The answer is have peaceful relations with the Hopi.

3

The Spanish introduced the Pueblo people to all of the following EXCEPT (A)

new and deadly diseases.

(B)

wheat, peppers, and tomatoes.

(C)

horses, cattle, and sheep.

(D)

corn harvesting.

Answer:

(D) corn harvesting.

Feedback:

The answer is corn harvesting.

4

Perhaps the single most important aspect of Rarámuri social organization was (A)

the unequal distribution of wealth.

(B)

their devotion to their clans.

(C)

their frequent beer-drinking parties.

(D)

their refusal to own property.

Answer:

(C) their frequent beer-drinking parties.

Feedback:

The answer is their frequent beer-drinking parties.

5

Traditionally the Navajo (A)

were raiders and highly adaptable to their environment.

(B)

prohibited slavery.

(C)

were friendly with the Spanish.

(D)

had a genrally peaceful relationship with the U.S. military.

Answer:

(A) were raiders and highly adaptable to their environment.

Feedback:

The answer is were raiders and highly adaptable to their environment.

6

The Navajo believed (A)

in World People and Sky People.

(B)

in High Spirits who are always good and helpful when prayed to properly.

(C)

only Changing Woman was dependable and trustworthy.

(D)

in Destroyer, who taught them about poisons.

Answer:

(C) only Changing Woman was dependable and trustworthy.

Feedback:

The answer is only Changing Woman was dependable and trustworthy.

7

Hopi religious belief (A)

maintained 12 secret societies, all for women.

(B)

centered on bringing rain as the primary goal of ceremonies.

(C)

used katsinas all year round in ceremonies.

(D)

began the year with Niman in February.

Answer:

(B) centered on bringing rain as the primary goal of ceremonies.

Feedback:

The answer is centered on bringing rain as the primary goal of ceremonies.

8

Briefly discuss the life and importance of Geronimo.

Answer: 9

Describe the differences between Eastern and Western Pueblo cultures. What was the signifinace of the pueblo?

Answer: 10

Who are the non-Pueblo Southwestern Indian groups? Describe their political and social organization and their economics.

Answer: 11

Describe the situations of modern Pueblo and non-Pueblo people.

Answer: 12

Don Juan is well known for being (A)

an Apache leader who fought against the Mexican and American governments.

(B)

one of the only native ethnographers to do research on his own people in the 19th century.

(C)

the Navajo shaman who started the Ghost Dance revitalization movement.

(D)

a fake informant that Carlos Castaneda invented and published about beginning in the 1960s.

Answer:

(D) a fake informant that Carlos Castaneda invented and published about beginning in the 1960s.

Feedback:

The answer is a fake informant that Carlos Castaneda invented and published about beginning in the 1960s.

13

The Apachean groups, inhabitants of the Sonoran Desert, and the farmers of northern Mexico are all (A)

non-Pueblo Southwestern groups.

(B)

Pueblo Southwestern groups.

(C)

direct descendents of the Pueblo Southwestern groups.

(D)

Great Basin groups that traded with Southwestern groups.

Answer:

(A) non-Pueblo Southwestern groups.

Feedback:

The answer is non-Pueblo Southwestern groups.

14

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main Southwestern groups?

(A)

Hohokam

(B)

Cheyenne

(C)

Mogollon

(D)

Patayan

Answer:

(B) Cheyenne

Feedback:

The answer is Cheyenne.

15

The Southwest is the most thoroughly studied region of North America, in part because of (A)

the early adoption of Spanish by large segments of the population.

(B)

its spectacular ruins.

(C)

the speed of its assimilation to Western customs.

(D)

its dedicated tradition of oral history.

Answer:

(B) its spectacular ruins.

Feedback:

The answer is its spectacular ruins.

16

The Southwest is made up of four primary geographic and environmental regions, including the (A)

Sonoran Desert.

(B)

Cordillera.

(C)

Mackenzie Borderlands.

(D)

coastal plains.

Answer:

(A) Sonoran Desert.

Feedback:

The answer is Sonoran Desert.

17

A common feature of pueblo dwellings was that they (A)

contained hundreds of rooms.

(B)

were originally constructed as trading posts.

(C)

had north-facing arenas for religious ceremonies.

(D)

included early forms of indoor plumbing.

Answer:

(A) contained hundreds of rooms.

Feedback:

The answer is contained hundreds of rooms.

18

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was a (A)

conflict between the Hopi and Zuni to obtain European commodities.

(B)

decision by some group to move cultural artifacts underground.

(C)

coordinated effort among Pueblos to expel the Spanish.

(D)

protest against the establishment of Jesuit missions in Santa Fe.

Answer:

(C) coordinated effort among Pueblos to expel the Spanish.

Feedback:

The answer is coordinated effort among Pueblos to expel the Spanish.

19

According to the U.S. census, the Apache population in 2010 was (A)

less than 5,000.

(B)

about 112,000.

(C)

nearly 214,000.

(D)

about half a million.

Answer:

(B) about 112,000.

Feedback:

The answer is about 112,000.

20

The Archaic Hohokam had all of the following EXCEPT (A)

a written language.

(B)

hundreds of towns.

(C)

ballcourts.

(D)

miles of canals.

Answer:

(A) a written language.

Feedback:

The answer is a written language.

21

Stone was used among the Pueblos to make manos and metates, technology essential for (A)

stabilizing pueblo structures.

(B)

grinding corn.

(C)

irrigation.

(D)

large-volume basketry.

Answer:

(B) grinding corn.

Feedback:

The answer is grinding corn.

22

To signify different phases of their lives, Pueblo women

(A)

adjusted their participation in rites ceremonies.

(B)

varied the colors of dyes used for temporary tattoos.

(C)

changed their hairstyles.

(D)

modified their clothing.

Answer:

(C) changed their hairstyles.

Feedback:

The answer is changed their hairstyles.

23

The “Chaco Phenomenon” refers to (A)

a revitalization religious movement among Southwestern native groups.

(B)

the planned settlements, water-control systems, and roads in Chaco Canyon.

(C)

a major climate shift during the Chaco period that stimulated agriculturalism.

(D)

the adoption of pottery in Chaco Canyon.

Answer:

(B) the planned settlements, water-control systems, and roads in Chaco Canyon.

Feedback:

The answer is the planned settlements, water-control systems, and roads in Chaco Canyon.

24

Geronimo is well-known for having been (A)

an Apache leader who fought against the Mexican and American troops.

(B)

one of the only native ethnographers to do research on his own people in the 19th century.

(C)

the Navajo shaman who started the Ghost Dance revitalization movement.

(D)

a fake informant that Carlos Castaneda invented and published about in the 1960s.

Answer:

(A) an Apache leader who fought against the Mexican and American troops.

Feedback:

The answer is an Apache leader who fought against the Mexican and American troops.

25

Explain what led to the Hopi-Navajo land disputes. What are the conditions today?

Answer:

1

The Plains are located east of (A)

the Rocky Mountains.

(B)

Lake Erie.

(C)

the Mississippi River.

(D)

the Hudson Bay.

Answer:

(A) the Rocky Mountains.

Feedback:

The answer is the Rocky Mountains.

2

The Calumet Ceremonial is (A)

a ritual intended to prepare for war.

(B)

a prayer service to thank the bison for sacrificing themselves during the hunt.

(C)

a unity meeting that involved passing a “peace pipe” among participants.

(D)

an event during which multiple couples were married on the same day.

Answer:

(C) a unity meeting that involved passing a “peace pipe” among participants.

Feedback:

The answer is a unity meeting that involved passing a “peace pipe” among participants.

3

Among the Pawnee, social outcasts included all of the following EXCEPT (A)

those without a known father.

(B)

unmarred adults.

(C)

criminals.

(D)

people accused of witchcraft.

Answer:

(B) unmarred adults.

Feedback:

The answer is unmarred adults.

4

Highly respected and sometimes serving as doctors or second wives, the Cheyanne hemaneh translates as (A)

bisexual.

(B)

coyote medicine.

(C)

halfman-halfwoman.

(D)

spirit guide.

Answer:

(C) halfman-halfwoman.

Feedback:

The answer is halfman-halfwoman.

5

The historical enemy of the Pawnee to the north were the (A)

Comanche.

(B)

Apache.

(C)

Sioux.

(D)

Osage.

Answer:

(C) Sioux.

Feedback:

The answer is Sioux.

6

The Pawnee spent most of the year living in (A)

tipis.

(B)

earth-covered houses.

(C)

grass houses.

(D)

semisubterranean pithouses.

Answer:

(B) earth-covered houses.

Feedback:

The answer is earth-covered houses.

7

A particularly popular symbol in Pawnee traditional art is the (A)

ocean.

(B)

four sacred mountains.

(C)

wolf.

(D)

star.

Answer:

(D) star.

Feedback:

The answer is star.

8

Discuss how the horse revolutionized the Plains culture.

Answer: 9

Contrast the Pawnee and the Cheyenne in terms of religion and history.

Answer: 10

Describe the Council of Forty-Four and its religious and political significance in Cheyenne life.

Answer: 11

Discuss the pattern of Plains warfare. How was it influenced by the point system known as the coup?

Answer: 12

The Sun Dance, practiced by many groups in the Plains, (A)

was a private observance for one or two families.

(B)

was a world renewal ceremony held in the summer.

(C)

was an easy form of recreation for participants.

(D)

involved only the shaman and his assistants.

Answer:

(B) was a world renewal ceremony held in the summer.

Feedback:

The answer is was a world renewal ceremony held in the summer.

13

Which of the following would be the most prestigious coup?

(A)

Burning the enemy's tipi while he was away.

(B)

Killing an enemy in his sleep.

(C)

Touching a live enemy, especially one who was armed.

(D)

Making up a good story of exploits.

Answer:

(C) Touching a live enemy, especially one who was armed.

Feedback:

The answer is touching a live enemy, especially one who was armed.

14

The Cheyenne tribal and political organization continues to be called the (A)

Council of Forty-Four.

(B)

Chief’s Circle.

(C)

Longhouse.

(D)

Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Answer:

(A) Council of Forty-Four.

Feedback: 15

The answer is Council of Forty-Four.

The major economic activities of Plains groups include (A)

fishing.

(B)

trapping for the fur trade.

(C)

bison hunting and agriculture.

(D)

raiding.

Answer:

(C) bison hunting and agriculture.

Feedback:

The answer is bison hunting and agriculture.

16

Native agriculture in the Plains depended on all of the following EXCEPT (A)

eight inches of rain per year.

(B)

100 frost-free days.

(C)

the ability to grow corn.

(D)

the windbreak effect of shielding crops in the early spring.

Answer:

(D) the windbreak effect of shielding crops in the early spring.

Feedback:

The answer is the windbreak effect of shielding crops in the early spring.

17

Villages in the Plains consisted of settlements that (A)

contained single-family dwellings.

(B)

consisted of temporary towns that were abandoned during the hunting season.

(C)

were plank houses north of riverbanks.

(D)

were often fortified with moats.

Answer:

(D) were often fortified with moats.

Feedback:

The answer is were often fortified with moats.

18

The first contact with Plains groups was made by (A)

Basque fishermen in the late 1400s.

(B)

the Spanish explorer De Soto in 1540.

(C)

Russian traders in 1741.

(D)

Louis and Clark in 1804.

Answer:

(B) the Spanish explorer De Soto in 1540.

Feedback:

The answer is the Spanish explorer De Soto in 1540.

19

Which domesticated animal introduced by Europeans revolutionized the lives of Plains Indians?

(A)

Sheep

(B)

Horse

(C)

Dog

(D)

Cattle

Answer:

(B) Horse

Feedback:

The answer is horse.

20

The most common method of obtaining horses was through (A)

breeding.

(B)

raids.

(C)

trade.

(D)

purchase.

Answer:

(B) raids.

Feedback:

The answer is raids.

21

The Hunkpapa leader Sitting Bull was killed (A)

after he refused to prohibit the Ghost Dance.

(B)

for protesting the government’s refusal to honor its commitments to the Hunkpapa.

(C)

in retaliation for his actions at Wounded Knee Creek.

(D)

during a battle with the Pawnees over horse ownership.

Answer:

(A) after he refused to prohibit the Ghost Dance.

Feedback:

The answer is after he refused to prohibit the Ghost Dance.

22

The Sioux population in the United States (A)

currently numbers more than 170,000.

(B)

makes them the largest Indian group in the country.

(C)

has declined as many continue to abandon the reservations.

(D)

includes nine linguistic and geographic divisions.

Answer:

(A) currently numbers more than 170,000.

Feedback:

The answer is currently numbers more than 170,000.

23

To decorate clothing, people in many Plains cultures used feathers and (A)

deer antlers.

(B)

clam shells.

(C)

bison bones.

(D)

porcupine quills.

Answer:

(D) porcupine quills.

Feedback:

The answer is porcupine quills.

24

In Cheyenne cosmology, the Sweet Medicine Bundle contains (A)

seven axes.

(B)

five magic stones.

(C)

four sacred arrows.

(D)

three bison hides.

Answer:

(C) four sacred arrows.

Feedback:

The answer is four sacred arrows.

25

Who was Sitting Bull, and what did he do? Discuss his significance in Sioux history.

Answer:

1

The largest confederacy among Northeastern groups was the (A)

Wendat.

(B)

Wabanaki.

(C)

Powhatan.

(D)

League of the Haudenosaunee.

Answer:

(D) League of the Haudenosaunee.

Feedback:

The answer is the League of the Haudenosaunee.

2

The word Haudenosaunee means (A)

“killer people.”

(B)

“people of the north star.”

(C)

“people of the longhouse.”

(D)

“people of the lakes.”

Answer:

(C) “people of the longhouse.”

Feedback:

The answer is “people of the longhouse.”

3

In Haudenosaunee society, women could do all of the following EXCEPT (A)

own land.

(B)

nominate and remove sachems.

(C)

gain membership to a medicine society.

(D)

decide the fate of war captives.

Answer:

(C) gain membership to a medicine society.

Feedback:

The answer is gain membership to a medicine society.

4

The Haudenosaunee confederacy (A)

held regions as protectorates, including much of Ohio.

(B)

followed the Great Law of Happiness.

(C)

consisted of 100 sachem positions.

(D)

had representatives elected by the general population.

Answer:

(A) held regions as protectorates, including much of Ohio.

Feedback: 5

The answer is held regions as protectorates, including much of Ohio.

Among the Ottawa, women (A)

tracked animals.

(B)

traded textiles.

(C)

selected their own husbands.

(D)

did most of the farming.

Answer:

(D) did most of the farming.

Feedback:

The answer is did most of the farming.

6

Maple candy, an Ottawa favorite, was (A)

a popular trade item obtained from the Europeans.

(B)

an indigenous food cultivated from family-owned trees.

(C)

used in liquid form and mixed with berries.

(D)

fermented to become alcohol.

Answer:

(B) an indigenous food cultivated from family-owned trees.

Feedback:

The answer is an indigenous food cultivated from family-owned trees.

7

The most influential shaman society for the Ottawa was the (A)

Sun Worshippers, who cared for crops.

(B)

Great Hare Society, which influenced hunting.

(C)

Manitous or spirit helpers.

(D)

Midewiwins, a kind of priesthood.

Answer:

(D) Midewiwins, a kind of priesthood.

Feedback:

The answer is Midewiwins, a kind of priesthood.

8

Discuss the political organizations of the Northeastern tribes. Include two examples of confederacies.

Answer: 9

Discuss the life of the real Pocahontas and what she represents for Indians and for nonIndians.

Answer:

10

Discuss the religious beliefs of Northeastern Indians. How important were dreams?

Answer: 11

Explain how the American Revolution affected the Haudenosaunee.

Answer: 12

The Northeast culture area consists of (A)

the Atlantic coast from Virginia to Florida.

(B)

the northeastern United States and southern Canada.

(C)

Florida and northern Mexico.

(D)

the area east of the Rocky Mountains to the Mississippi River Valley.

Answer:

(B) the northeastern United States and southern Canada.

Feedback:

The answer is northeastern United States and southern Canada.

13

The primary crops among Indians of the Northeast were the “three sisters,” which consisted of (A)

mushrooms, onions, and roots.

(B)

berries, corn, and tobacco.

(C)

corn, beans, and squash.

(D)

rice, corn, and pine nuts.

Answer:

(C) corn, beans, and squash.

Feedback:

The answer is corn, beans, and squash.

14

Northeastern Indians spoke languages from three primary language families, including (A)

Algonquian.

(B)

Muskogean.

(C)

Numic.

(D)

Wakashan.

Answer:

(A) Algonquian.

Feedback:

The answer is Algonquian.

15

The French and Indian War

(A)

involved the French, British, and their Indian allies.

(B)

ended in victory for the French.

(C)

led to Canadian land being ceded to the Haudenosaunee.

(D)

allowed the Pequot to gain temporary control of the southern Great Lakes.

Answer:

(A) involved the French, British, and their Indian allies.

Feedback:

The answer is involved the French, British, and their Indian allies.

16

Most warfare in the Northeastern culture was waged (A)

to recover stolen horses.

(B)

to acquire agricultural land.

(C)

to avenge the deaths of people killed in earlier incidents.

(D)

as a result raids.

Answer:

(C) to avenge the deaths of people killed in earlier incidents.

Feedback:

The answer is to avenge the deaths of people killed in earlier incidents.

17

Pocahontas served as an ambassador between (A)

the English colonists and the Hopi.

(B)

Powhatan and the English.

(C)

John Smith and the disillusioned settlers in Virginia.

(D)

the Haudenosaunee and the Spanish traders.

Answer:

(B) Powhatan and the English.

Feedback:

The answer is Powhatan and the English.

18

The marine shell beads known as wampum were used as currency for all of the following EXCEPT (A)

currency.

(B)

adornments for brides.

(C)

documented proof of agreements.

(D)

emblems of title.

Answer:

(B) adornments for brides.

Feedback: 19

The answer is adornments for brides.

Historically, the six nations of the Haudenosaunee lived in (A)

Illinois.

(B)

Michigan.

(C)

New York.

(D)

Massachusetts.

Answer:

(C) New York.

Feedback:

The answer is New York.

20

In 2010, the number of people who identified as Haudenosaunee in the United States was (A)

less than 10,000.

(B)

nearly 40,000.

(C)

just over 80,000.

(D)

about 200,000.

Answer:

(C) just over 80,000.

Feedback:

The answer is just over 80,000.

21

The earliest known archaeological site in the Northeast is Meadowcroft Rockshelter, which is located in (A)

New York.

(B)

Virginia.

(C)

Connecticut.

(D)

Pennsylvania.

Answer:

(D) Pennsylvania.

Feedback:

The answer is Pennsylvania.

22

Discuss the state of the Haudenosaunee culture today. How has the sport of lacrosse contributed to the community?

Answer:

1

The Southwest consists of three environmental zones, including all of the following EXCEPT the (A)

Coastal Plains.

(B)

Saint-Lawrence Lowlands Region.

(C)

Piedmont.

(D)

southern Appalachian mountains.

Answer:

(B) Saint-Lawrence Lowlands Region.

Feedback:

The answer is Saint-Lawrence Lowlands Region.

2

Southeast religions (A)

emphasized One World, the visible world we live in.

(B)

said people had no souls.

(C)

had the maintenance of purity and harmony as their primary goal.

(D)

alleged that the world is round and sits on a moon-shaped vault of rock.

Answer:

(C) had the maintenance of purity and harmony as their primary goal.

Feedback:

The answer is had the maintenance of purity and harmony as their primary goal.

3

The group that occupied the top of the social pyramid among the Natchez was the (A)

Noble class.

(B)

Honored class.

(C)

Stinkard class.

(D)

Sun class.

Answer:

(D) Sun class.

Feedback:

The answer is Sun class.

4

In 1827 the Cherokee Nation (A)

was awarded territory in South Carolina.

(B)

adopted a constitution.

(C)

petitioned for statehood.

(D)

expanded formal trading practices with U.S. businesses.

Answer:

(B) adopted a constitution.

Feedback:

The answer is adopted a constitution.

5

Among the Natchez, the Great Sun (A)

presided over world renewal and other ceremonies.

(B)

maintained the eternal flame.

(C)

lived in the leader’s temple throughout most of the year.

(D)

had the power to execute his advisers.

Answer:

(A) presided over world renewal and other ceremonies.

Feedback:

The answer is presided over world renewal and other ceremonies.

6

Natchez children were (A)

taught to hunt by age 3.

(B)

strapped to cradleboards to flatten their skulls.

(C)

not allowed to swim until age 13.

(D)

permitted to nurse only until the first harvest.

Answer:

(B) strapped to cradleboards to flatten their skulls.

Feedback:

The answer is strapped to cradleboards to flatten their skulls.

7

The Natchez today (A)

primarily live one of three reservations in Louisiana.

(B)

subsist mainly from the sale of traditional artwork.

(C)

gain most of their income from riverboat casinos.

(D)

no longer exist as a group.

Answer:

(D) no longer exist as a group.

Feedback:

The answer is no longer exist as a group.

8

Discuss the religious beliefs of Southeast Indians. What was the primary goal? Did they believe in an afterlife?

Answer: 9

Discuss the effect of the Removal Act on Southeast Indians.

Answer: 10

Explain the ways in which the Cherokee conformed to the dominant culture. Were there ways they did not conform?

Answer: 11

Describe the origin of the Seminole.

Answer: 12

Sequoyah was a (A)

term for the combined chief and head priest in Natchez culture.

(B)

Cherokee man who in the 19th century created the Cherokee alphabet.

(C)

Seminole man who negotiated with the United States for formal recognition of the Seminole in the 20th century.

(D)

Natchez leader who led an unsuccessful rebellion during the Trail of Tears.

Answer:

(B) Cherokee man who in the 19th century created the Cherokee alphabet.

Feedback:

The answer is Cherokee man who in the 19th century created the Cherokee alphabet.

13

The “Five Civilized Tribes” were so named because (A)

they had adopted European practices.

(B)

the had formulated a unit of currency.

(C)

there were no civil wars among them.

(D)

their cartography system allowed for accurate border designations.

Answer:

(A) they had adopted European practices.

Feedback:

The answer is they had adopted European practices.

14

Southeastern towns were protected by (A)

palisades.

(B)

moats.

(C)

shielded and armed guards.

(D)

forests.

Answer:

(A) palisades.

Feedback: 15

The answer is palisades.

Power among Southeastern groups was generally divided between two political units, one of which was the (A)

Blue Council, composed of warriors.

(B)

Gold Council, composed of shamans.

(C)

White Council, composed of men over 50 years old.

(D)

Green Council, composed of farmers.

Answer:

(C) White Council, composed of men over 50 years old.

Feedback:

The answer is White Council, composed of men over 50 years old.

16

A Southeastern kinship consisted of (A)

family and enemy.

(B)

fathers and sons.

(C)

hunters and farmers.

(D)

elders and young adults.

Answer:

(A) family and enemy.

Feedback:

The answer is family and enemy.

17

The primary game animal for Southeastern hunters was (A)

bison.

(B)

boar.

(C)

pronghorn antelope.

(D)

deer.

Answer:

(D) deer.

Feedback:

The answer is deer.

18

Monk’s Mound at Cahokia is best known for being (A)

the most sacred resting place in the Southeast.

(B)

the capital of the Southeastern region.

(C)

the largest mound in North America.

(D)

a mystery to modern archeologists.

Answer:

(C) the largest mound in North America.

Feedback:

The answer is the largest mound in North America.

19

The word Seminole (A)

is the native term for the Cherokee.

(B)

is the native term for the Natchez.

(C)

represents a mixture of “runaway” Indian ethnicities.

(D)

is a mispronunciation of the Spanish word for “symbol.”

Answer:

(C) represents a mixture of “runaway” Indian ethnicities.

Feedback:

The answer is represents a mixture of “runaway” Indian ethnicities.

20

In terms of numbers, where do Cherokees rank among Indian tribes in the United States?

(A)

First

(B)

Second

(C)

Fifth

(D)

Last; they are culturally extinct

Answer:

(A) First

Feedback:

The answer is first.

21

Southeast cultures are poorly known partly because (A)

little ethnographic research existed prior to 1800.

(B)

European diseases decimated them.

(C)

the groups were small and widely scattered, thus difficult to document.

(D)

their liguistic diversity made accurate documentation difficult.

Answer:

(B) European diseases decimated them.

Feedback:

The answer is European diseases decimated them.

22

Describe how the Cherokee were affected by the Trail of Tears.

Answer:

1

Sovereignty refers to the (A)

authority of a group to govern itself.

(B)

breaking of treaties.

(C)

process of educating native peoples about classic political systems.

(D)

relocation of native peoples to reservations.

Answer:

(A) authority of a group to govern itself.

Feedback:

The answer is authority of a group to govern itself.

2

Many native groups now prohibit outsiders from attending their ceremonies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (A)

rudeness among the observers.

(B)

publicity about private religious rites.

(C)

governmental limits on admission fees.

(D)

unauthorized photography.

Answer:

(C) governmental limits on admission fees.

Feedback:

The answer is governmental limits on admission fees.

3

In 2014, delegates of native groups from all over the world met with the United Nations in what was called the (A)

Symposium on Cultural Heritage.

(B)

International Consortium of Human Diversity.

(C)

World Conference on Indigenous Peoples.

(D)

Conservation of Native Traditions Pact.

Answer:

(C) World Conference on Indigenous Peoples.

Feedback:

The answer is World Conference on Indigenous Peoples.

4

Today Native Americans suffer from all of the following EXCEPT (A)

extreme taxation on income from tourism.

(B)

poverty and discrimination.

(C)

high drop-out rates from school.

(D)

stereotyping and romanticism by the dominant culture.

Answer:

(A) extreme taxation on income from tourism.

Feedback:

The answer is extreme taxation on income from tourism.

5

One result of Pan-Indianism has been (A)

a rejection of tribal identity.

(B)

the concept of the “generic Indian.”

(C)

increased isolation among urban Indians.

(D)

more relocations from the United States to Canada and Mexico.

Answer:

(B) the concept of the “generic Indian.”

Feedback:

The answer is the concept of the “generic Indian.”

6

Major political issues for American Indians include (A)

asking the Bureau of Indian Affairs to oversee tribal transactions.

(B)

sovereignty and land claims.

(C)

trying to convince the federal government to abolish reservations.

(D)

requesting dependent status under the federal government.

Answer:

(B) sovereignty and land claims.

Feedback:

The answer is sovereignty and land claims.

7

The city of Salamanca, New York, is an example of (A)

a willingness among Indians to renegotiate leases at fair market value.

(B)

how non-Indians refuse to pay Indians a fair price for land.

(C)

how native peoples are being absorbed into the dominant culture.

(D)

how non-Indians want to be fair to Indians.

Answer:

(A) a willingness among Indians to renegotiate leases at fair market value.

Feedback:

The answer is a willingness among Indians to renegotiate leases at fair market value.

8

Discuss the concept of sovereignty in both historical and ethical contexts.

Answer: 9

Explain the Indian Claims Commission. Describe two successes that native peoples have had working through this commission.

Answer: 10

Discuss the images of American Indians in the dominant culture, such as mascots and commercial uses. Is this positive or negative and why?

Answer: 11

Explore how gaming on reservations has affected both Indians and non-Indians. What are the major problems associated with gaming? What are the benefits?

Answer: 12

The greatest health problem for Native Americans today is probably (A)

cancer.

(B)

diabetes.

(C)

heart disease.

(D)

alcoholism.

Answer:

(D) alcoholism.

Feedback:

The answer is alcoholism.

13

Indian gaming (A)

employed more than 600,000 people in 2015.

(B)

has been undertaken by more than half of the federally recognized tribes.

(C)

employs only Indians, who do not pay taxes.

(D)

has raised money for health, police, and fire services for gaming tribes.

Answer:

(D) has raised money for health, police, and fire services for gaming tribes.

Feedback:

The answer is has raised money for health, police, and fire services for gaming tribes.

14

The U.S. federal government filed a suit against the Eastern Cherokee because the group (A)

encouraged its members to apply for dual citizenship.

(B)

dropped African-American descendents of Cherokee slaves from its citizenship rolls.

(C)

refused to allow oversees military participation among its citizens.

(D)

sold reacquired land to the Western Woods Cree in Canada.

Answer:

(B) dropped African-American descendents of Cherokee slaves from its citizenship rolls.

Feedback:

15

The answer is dropped African-American descendents of Cherokee slaves from its citizenship rolls.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is sometimes considered a colonial institution because (A)

any action by the BIA requires the approval of Indians.

(B)

it retains control over many Indian lands and resources.

(C)

its jurisdiction is supported by most native groups.

(D)

it was initially established in the 1700s.

Answer:

(B) it retains control over many Indian lands and resources.

Feedback:

The answer is it retains control over many Indian lands and resources.

16

To be federally recognized in the United States, a tribe must (A)

not have political influence over its members.

(B)

prove that its members are also enrolled in other recognized tribes.

(C)

have existed as a distinct community from historical times.

(D)

show a federal voting participation rate that exceeds 60 percent.

Answer:

(C) have existed as a distinct community from historical times.

Feedback:

The answer is have existed as a distinct community from historical times.

17

Whether or not one is an official a member of a tribe is often determined by (A)

active participation in cultural associations.

(B)

blood quantum.

(C)

vote among the membership.

(D)

marital contract.

Answer:

(B) blood quantum.

Feedback:

The answer is blood quantum.

18

Issues connected to sovereignty include all of the following EXCEPT (A)

federal subsidies.

(B)

non-Indian disapproval of how lands are used.

(C)

control of native heritage.

(D)

loss of Indian lands.

Answer:

(A) federal subsidies.

Feedback:

The answer is federal subsidies.

19

Some Native Americans view archeology involving native peoples as (A)

a means to retain oral histories.

(B)

a non-bigoted view of native cultures.

(C)

an opportunity to focus on contemporary rather than historical issues.

(D)

an endeavor to control the past.

Answer:

(D) an endeavor to control the past.

Feedback:

The answer is an endeavor to control the past.

20

In 1990, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the Native American Church has the religious right to continue the ceremonial use of (A)

endangered eagle feathers.

(B)

the American flag.

(C)

peyote.

(D)

deer blood.

Answer:

(C) peyote.

Feedback:

The answer is peyote.

21

The annual gross that the Mashantucket Pequot tribe receives from casino revenues is (A)

less than $100,000.

(B)

nearly $500,000.

(C)

about $50 million.

(D)

about $1 billion.

Answer:

(D) about $1 billion.

Feedback:

The answer is about $1 billion.

22

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 (A)

requires museums and universities to pay a fair price to tribes for artifacts.

(B)

caused a Kennewick man to be reburied without scientific study.

(C)

includes issues of religion, politics, and empowerment for native people.

(D)

provides for the restoration of Indian burial sites.

Answer:

(C) includes issues of religion, politics, and empowerment for native people.

Feedback:

The answer is includes issues of religion, politics, and empowerment for native people.

23

The New Age movement’s incorporation of “Indian ideals” (A)

is an agreement between the federal government and native peoples in the United States.

(B)

has drastically improved the image of native peoples.

(C)

exemplifies the exploitation of natives by non-natives.

(D)

was a 16th-century notion that natives were not people.

Answer:

(C) exemplifies the exploitation of natives by non-natives.

Feedback:

The answer is exemplifies the exploitation of natives by non-natives.

24

Historically, Indian gaming began with the (A)

Seminole in 1979.

(B)

Pojoaque Pueblo in 1985.

(C)

Navaho in 1990.

(D)

Cabazon in 1992.

Answer:

(A) Seminole in 1979.

Feedback:

The answer is Seminole in 1979.

25

Discuss the issues native peoples have with the ways they have been depicted by some historians, anthropologists, and archeologists. How has contemporary research attempted to address these concerns?

Answer: