Questions & Answers > Natural Selection 2_Experimental Question: How does the environment affect the

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Natural Selection Name:

Lavinia Demarie

Go to the Natural Selection Simulation on Biology Simulations Experimental Question: How does the environment affect the survival of these organisms?

Procedure: 1. Click on “Introduction” to read about the simulation.

1. Write a hypothesis for each environment: a. Desert Sand: The desert sand will effect the survival of the phenotypes because any animal who has a brownish color similar to the sand has a better chance at survival. The grey phenotypes will not be able to survive like the brown phenotypes.

b. Mountain Rock: The mountain rock may have a more similar color to the grey phenotypes meaning that they will have a bigger chance at survival and not be noticed as much as the brown phenotypes.

c. Grassland: The green grasslands wont really match neither the brown or grey phenotypes meaning they both must have an equal chance at survival.

3. Run the simulation 3 times for each environment (desert, mountain, and grassland) and record your data.

2. Calculate and record averages for your data.

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3. Complete the analysis and discussion questions.

Data: Desert Sand Environment Trial

Starting % Gray

Starting % Brown

Ending % Gray

Ending % Brown

1

50%

50%

39%

61%

2

52%

48%

29%

71%

3

36%

64%

8%

92%

Average

46

54

76

74.66

Mountain Rock Environment Trial

Starting % Gray

Starting % Brown

Ending % Gray

Ending % Brown

1

50%

50%

75%

25%

2

48%

52%

64%

36%

3

56%

44%

71%

29%

Average

51.33

48.66

70

30

Grassland Environment Trial

Starting % Gray

Starting % Brown

Ending % Gray

Ending % Brown

1

54%

46%

51%

49%

2

42%

58%

38%

62%

3

42%

58%

42%

58%

Average

46

54

43.66

56.33

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Graph: Insert a graph (make on Sheets or make a drawing) that displays the average data for each environment.

IN SHEETS

Analysis: Describe and explain the results from each environment.

My results from the environments correlated with my hypothesis. In the desert sand environment when looking at the data you can see that the percentage of the ending grey phenotypes was a lot lower than the ending brown suggesting that the brown phenotypes can live and thrive a lot better than the grey because they can camouflage in the sand. In the second environment the results are opposite, the ending brown seems to be a lot lower than the ending grey. This is because the grey phenotypes are able to camouflage in the mountain rock environment way better than the brown phenotypes which stick out because of their color. In the final grassland environment when looking at the data we see hat even though the brown phenotypes thrived a little more than the grey phenotypes they both have a close average because both fur colors of the phenotypes don’t necessarily match the green grass.

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Discussion: 1. Describe factors that can cause environmental change.

Environmental change can be changed the most from the color of the surrounding environment or the color of the phenotypes fur.

2.

2. Describe industrial melanism and the effect it had on peppered moths.

The industrial melanism had a big effect of peppered moths during the industrial revolution. As a consequence of bad air pollution peppered moths started evolving and the frequency of dark colored moths increased.They were the ones able to survive and camouflage long enough to reproduce.

3.

3. Describe an example of another species that has undergone evolution in response to human driven changes to its environment.

An example of a species that has undergone evolution in response to human driven changes is the bighorn sheep. The big horn sheep that live in Alberta, Canada have been hunted for their big horns, the rams with the biggest horns had also a greater probability of being removed from the population by hunting. Because of this the species has seen a great decrease in horn size since.

4.

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4. What could lead to different populations of the same species living in different environments?

I think species could have been brought to different environments by humans and from their used natural selection to adapt to that certain environment.

5. Grizzly bears and polar bears are very closely related, so much so that they can reproduce to form hybrid offspring. Use your understanding of natural selection to describe how polar bears became a separate classification from the grizzly.

Polar bears became a separate classification from grizzly because of their environment. Grizzly bears would never be able to survive in an environment fit for polar bears for many different reasons. Although the two are closely related polar bears live in a different type of weather which is colder from that off the grizzly. Only the polar bears with extra blubber and characteristics for for freezing weather could of survived became a different classification from the grizzly bears.

5.

6. Describe how grizzly and polar bear evolution may be affected by climate change.

The bears’ evolution can be affected by climate change because, temperature, as it have already, all continue to shift and differ from what these species have lived through. As time goes on polar bears or grizzly bears who most closely fit with their environments weather change will survive.

6.

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