Phil 337 World Religions Winter Session EXAM - New Jersey Institute of Technology

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World Religions Phil 337 Winter Session 2017 Dr. Brooks NAME:___________________________________________________ I. Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question (1 point each): 1. A revitalization movement is a deliberate, organized effort by members of a society to construct a more satisfying a. religion. b. culture c. theocracy. d. new age movement.

2. Which of the below is not an example of a revitalization movement? a. Cargo Cults b. Ghost Dance c. ISKCON d. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints e. Communism 3. The stages in a revitalization movement are 1) Steady State, 2) A period of increased individual stress, 3) a period of ______________________________________________, and 4) the period of revitalization. a. cultural distortion. b. systemic psychosis. c. social alienation. d. mental disconnection.

4. When the preconditions are met, a revitalization movement may form around an individual who has undergone a personal, supernatural-inspired transformation and who is called a a. revered leader. b. charismatic prophet. c. reincarnated lama. d. chosen one.

5. ISKCON is also known as a. the Hare Krishnas. b. the Moonies. c. the Mormons. d. the Branch Davidians.

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6. ISKCON and similar movements should not be considered “cults”; instead scholars refer to them as a. New Tradition Formations. b. New Religious Movements. c. Think Tanks. d. Transcendence.

7. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, founded by Joseph Smith, Is commonly called a. The Unification Church. b. The Holiness Church c. The Mormon Church. d. The Coptic Church.

8. The Shi’a branch of Islam traces its origins to the son-in-law and cousin of the Prophet named a. Abu Bakr. b. Hussein. c. Uthman d. Ali. 9. ISKCON is a religion because like all religions, it has a. secretive rituals. b. a belief in the supernatural. c. fasting. d. colorful robes.

10. The event that marks the start of the Muslim calendar is called the a. Hajj. b. Kaaba. c. Hijra. d. Exodus.

11. This event takes Mohammad and his followers from Mecca to a. Ethiopia. b. Jerusalem. c. Medina. d. Isfahan.

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12. The founder of ISKCON was a. Swami Narayana b. Satya Sai Baba. c. Swami Rama. d. Swami Bhaktivedanta.

13. What Christian belief is not found in the Quran? a. The virgin birth of Jesus. b. The crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus. c. Jesus’s ascension into heaven. d. The second coming of Jesus.

14. In the United States, the freedom of religion and the separation of church and state, are found in the part of the U.S. Constitution called the a. first amendment. b. second amendment. c. preamble. d. declaration.

15. Separation of church and state and freedom of religion are important foundations of American society established by the Constitution. There is often argument, however, about the exact boundary between church and state. The ambiguity comes from the fact that there are two clauses about religion. The first clause is called the Establishment Clause, and the second is called the a. the Free Exercise Clause. b. the Right to Worship Clause. c. the Freedom of Religion Clause. c. the Freedom of Thought Clause.

16. Pope Francis recently issued a message, asking all priests to be less judgmental of people who are a. murderers. b. divorced. c. disabled. d. blind.

17. The Jewish holy book consists of the first five books of The Bible and is called a. The Bhagavad Gita. b. The Granth Sahib. c. The Koran. d. The Torah.

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18. The Branch Davidian sect is an off-shoot of the a. Catholic Church. b. Mormon Church. c. Seventh Day Adventist Church. d. Episcopal Church.

19. Buddhism emerged in India as a reaction against Brahmanism about 500 BCE. Another religion that started in India at about the same time as Buddhism was a. Jainism. b. Sikhism. c. Islam. d. Bahai.

20. The religious conflict in Northern Ireland has been between Roman Catholics and a. Muslims. b. Hindus. c. Protestants. d. Jews.

21. There was an attempt by American Indians to rescue their native cultures from destruction caused by American expansion. It introduced new rituals to bring back their deceased kinsmen and clothing to make them impervious to American bullets. This was called the a. Ghost Dance. b. Sun Dance. c. Religion of Handsome Lake. d. Medicine Religion.

22. The 1993 conflict that resulted in violence and death in Waco, Texas was between the Branch Davidians, led by David Koresh, and two agencies of the U.S. government, the FBI and the a. EPA. b. NSF. c. NEA. d. ATF. 23. For many followers, the appeal of David Koresh was his ability to interpret the meaning of a portion of the Book of Revelations in the Bible called a. The Horses of the Apocalypse. b. The Gates of Hell. c. The Seven Seals. d. The Trumpets of Heaven.

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24. In the growth of Christianity, the first significant division was between the church established in Rome and the church established in a. Alexandria. b. Damascus. c. Constantinople. d. Jerusalem.

25. One civil society where Muslim women are prohibited from wearing headscarves in public institutions is a. England. b. The United States c. New Zealand. d. France.

26. Which country today has a theocratic form of government? a. France. b. Iran. c. Libya. d. Australia.

27. Tibetan Buddhists believe that the Dalai Lama has lived in thirteen previous lives. a. True b. False 28. Tibetan Buddhists believe that the Dalai Lama is an incarnation of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Chenrezig (also called Avalokiteshvara). a. True b. False 29. The Koran tells the story of Jesus miraculously being born of the Virgin Mary. a. True b. False 30. The third largest categorized religious group in the world today is a. Judaism b. Shinto. c. atheist/agnostic or unaffiliated. d. animism.

31. The most crucial period for a new religion’s survival is a. immediately after the death of its founder. b. after the second generation of children is born c. when it tries to expand outside its original group. d. usually after about 500 years.

32. Religion is one of the causes of violence in the world. a. True b. False

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33. What techniques may Shamans use to enter a state of trance? a. repetitive drumming. b. dancing. c. psychoactive plants. d. all of the above.

34. We conclude that the Neanderthals had a belief in an afterlife because of a. their systematic burials. b. their cannibalism. c. their use of stone megaliths. d. their cave paintings.

35. The type of magic that imitates the desired result is called a. vodoun magic. c. contagious magic. d. homeopathic magic. e. sorcery.

36. The type of magic which tries to cause an effect on the whole of an object by operating on a part of it is called a. vodoun magic. c. contagious magic. d. homeopathic magic. e. sorcery.

37. Archaeologists believe that small female statues from prehistoric times represent the “Mother Goddess” and demonstrate the importance of prehistoric fertility cults. These statues are called a. Venuses b. Durgas. c. Athenas. d. Medeas.

38. According to Bogoras, the Chuckchee shaman creates the illusion of spirit voices by the use of a. recordings. b. human assistants. c. hallucinogenic plants. d. ventriloquism.

39. Edward B. Tylor, a 19th Century scholar of religion, theorized that the origin of religion lies in the belief that all objects possess a spirit. He called this belief a. spiritism. b. animism. c. spiritualism. d. ventriloquism.

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40. One of the most important sacred texts of India, which is contained in the long epic poem, Mahabharata, depicts the god Krishna giving instructions about dharma to the great warrior Arjuna. This sacred text is called the a. Torah. b. Vedas. c. Ramayana. d. Bhagavad Gita.

41. Shamans provide supernatural help to a. congregations. b. tribal councils. c. individuals. d. royal families.

42. Priests provide religious services to a. congregations. b. tribal councils. c. individuals. d. royal families.

43. Most archeologists interpret prehistoric Venuses as religious objects; however, some believe Venuses could be early examples of either portraiture or a. weaponry. b. reportage. c. sorcery. d. pornography.

44. Emile Durkheim proposed that a god was a symbolic representation of a society’s collective consciousness, and that in every society the sacred sphere was clearly separated from the a. polluted b. profane. c. profitable. d. putrid.

45. The technique called scapulamancy is a form of a. sorcery. b. astrology. c. dualism. d. divination.

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46. One difference between a witch and a sorcerer is that a witch possesses innate power while a sorcerer is a practitioner of a. malevolent magic. b. glossolalia. c. trickery d. mind control.

47. Archaeologists think that prehistoric humans had a belief in resurrection or an afterlife because many skeletons were found to be treated with a. salt. b. red ochre. c. embalming fluid. d. pine resin.

48. The first Noble Truth of Buddhism is that all life is full of a. happiness. b. suffering. c. lust. d. emptiness.

49. For centuries, Christianity was a sect within Judaism. a. True b. False 50. How many Pillars of Islam are there? a. two b. four c. five d. eight

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II. Answer one of the following questions (10 points): 1. Define Revitalization Movement and list the stages leading up to a Revitalization Movement. Give two examples of Revitalization Movements.

2. Explain how ISKCON fits the stages of a Revitalization Movement.

3. What is the importance of the “charismatic prophet” in a revitalization movement?

What important with this revitalization movement is that the charismatic prophet himself has undergone a personal transformation and its convinced that a similar transformation will provide salvation for others and more. And also, the charismatic prophet continued to undergo transformation of others to have a main goal which is believing he is divinely empowered to make an effect of major and radical changes.

III. Answer one of the following questions (10 points): 1. What is course’s definition of (a) culture, (b) religion and (c) how are they related?

Culture is acquired knowledge that people do use to interpret and to have experience and generate behavior through it.

Religion is knowledge through their culture about supernatural that people use to cope with major problems of human experiences and their beliefs.

The way culture and religion are related is that religion is a part of culture through experiences, through behaviors, and being a part of a society within the religion and going through the experiences in your own religions behaviors and beliefs.

2. Explain why religion and magic should not be considered as separate phenomena.

IV. Answer one of the following questions (10 points): 1. How does the separation of church and state differ in the United States and in France?

2. What does the Constitution say about religion and government in the United States?

3. What characteristics of most religions ultimately lead to conflict and violence?

Characteristics that lead to most religions in conflict and violence are sacrifices within their religions and beliefs in order to go to heaven in some cases or get rid of sins for other cases and etc., another is Self-mortification and self-destructive behavior, persecution against other religions ranging from active hostility to genocide, and simply just war in general.

V. Answer one of the following questions (10 points):

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1. In the Indian sacred epic, Mahabharata, before the great battle of Kurukshetra begins, Krishna takes a long time to explain to the warrior, Arjuna, why he should fight. Why did Arjuna not want to engage in the battle, and what was Krishna’s response?

2. What is the first Pillar of Islam?

The first pillar of Islam is called the Shahada, which is the declaration of faith. It’s the Muslims complete acceptance and their commitment to Islam, within one of the pillars.

VI. Answer one of the following questions (10 points): 1. In Buddhism, what is considered to be the cause of human suffering, and how can this suffering be eliminated?

2. What are the components of the Jewish religion?

The components of the Jewish religion are: The existence of God, Gods unity and invisibility into elements, God’s spirituality and in corporeality, God’s eternity, God alone should be the object to worship, revelation through God’s prophets, The preeminence of Moses among the prophets, The Torah that we have to today is the one dictated Moses by God, The Torah given by Moses will not be replaced and the nothing may be added or removed from it, Gods awareness of human actions, reward of good and punishment of evil, the coming of Jesus Messiah, and The resurrection of the dead.

3. What are the connections between Judaism, Islam, and Christianity?

VII. Extra Credit (5 Points) If you followed the recent presidential election, comment on whether or not you think religion played any part in the results.

With the recent presidential elections I don’t think religion played any part in the results what so ever.

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