Lab Practical Q&A> Unit 2 Building Topography Lab Practical on Orders of Relief. GPH 111

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Question 1 0.5 / 0.5 pts In Google Earth go to (-86.920494°, 61.056563°) and then change the eye altitude to about 4700 miles above the surface. What is the order of relief and the major process(es) generating that relief? Also, what is the total relief from the highest peak to the elevation of the continental shelf at this location (-74.494594°, -49.023300°)?

This is a 1​st​ order feature. It is produced by plate tectonic processes. The relief from

highest peak (​Mount VinsonLinks to an external site. is 16,066 feet.

​) to sea level

Correct!

This is a 1​st​ order feature. It is produced by plate tectonic processes. The relief from highest peak to the shelf just off Antarctica is about 17,500 feet.

st​

This is a 1​

order feature. It is produced by glacial processes. The relief from highest

peak (​Mount VinsonLinks to an external site.

16,066 feet.

​) to sea level is

This is a 3rd order feature. It is produced by glacial processes. The relief from highest

peak (​Mount VinsonLinks to an external site.

Antarctica is about 17,500 feet.

​) to the shelf just off

The continent of Antarctica is a 1​st​ order relief feature produced by plate tectonic processes. The highest point in Antarctica (​Mount Vinson​Links to an external site.​) is about 16,066 feet. Then, the continental shelf at the indicated location is about 1400 below sea level. Thus, the total relief between the highest point on the continent and the adjacent shelf is about 17,500 feet (rounded off).

Question 2 0.5 / 0.5 pts Grand Canyon is Arizona’s iconic physical geography feature, no matter whether you look at it from the​ ​bottom (Links to an external site.)​ ​or from​ ​the top (Links to an external site.)​. ​In Google Earth go to (36.100817°, -112.089503°) and change the eye altitude to about 30 miles above the surface. What is the order of relief that you are seeing and what would be the major process(es) generating the observed relief. Also, what is the total relief from the high point of the North Rim (36.197536°, -112.052940°) to the Colorado River (36.100817°, -112.089503°) near Phantom Ranch?

2nd order of relief (about 5800 feet) generated by deposition of sedimentary rocks.

3​rd​ order of relief (about 5800 ft) generated by faulting dropping down the Grand Canyon.

Correct!

3​rd​ order of relief (about 5800 ft) has been generated by weathering, mass wasting, fluvial processes.

2​nd​ order of relief (exactly 8218 ft) generated by uplift of the Kaibab Plateau during the plate tectonic Laramide Revolution between 40 and 70 million years ago.

The Grand Canyon as viewed from the bottom or the top is a 3​rd​ order of relief landform.

The Grand Canyon formed by a mix of three general types of processes: rock decay (weathering) breaking apart the sedimentary rocks; then mass wasting (rock fall, rock avalanches, debris flows) carried rocks down to ephemeral river channels. Then, during flooding, these channels transported rocks down to the Colorado River. All of these processes widened the canyon. Erosion by the Colorado River itself both deepened the canyon and also keeps the canyon clear of rocks by transporting the all of the rock material entering the canyon downstream. Colorado River near Phantom Ranch (36.100817°, -112.089503°) has an elevation of about 2425 feet. The North Rim Dining Hall (36.197536°, -112.052940°) has an elevation of about 8218 feet, resulting in a relief of about 5800 feet or more than a mile.

Question 3 0.5 / 0.5 pts In Google Earth go to Mount Everest (27.987332°, 86.895156°) and change the eye altitude to about 13 miles above the surface. What is the order of relief that you are seeing and what would be the major process(es) generating the observed relief. Also, what is the total relief from the high point of Mt Everest (27.987850°, 86.925026°) and the Base Camp at (28.0013008,86.8510439).

YOU DO NOT HAVE TO DO THIS … But if you want to get a better view of things, rotate the North Arrow (N circle in upper right corner) so that the N faces to the left. This gives you an east-facing view. Then, find the “eyeball” tool and rotate the whole image so that the view is what you would see out of an airplane. If you have not done this, it will take practice.

Correct!

3​nd​ order of relief generated by glacial erosion and avalanches producing about 11,700 feet of relief between summit and base camp.

1​st​ order of relief generated plate tectonic collision between Asia and Indian tectonic plates, producing about 11,700 feet of relief between summit and base camp.

2​nd​ order of relief generated by plate tectonic collision between Asia and Indian tectonic plates, producing about 11,700 feet of relief between summit and base camp.

1st order of relief generated by plate tectonic collision between Asia and Indian tectonic plates, producing about 29,029 feet of relief.

From the​ ​top of Mount EverestLinks to an external site.​ a lot of 3​rd​ order landforms. However, the relief between Base Camp (28.0013008, 86.8510439) at about 17,360 ft and the summit is approximately 11,700 feet of relief. This relief is a product of glacial erosion and avalanching. Frost weathering certainly plays a role in breaking apart the rocks too. While plate tectonic collision between the Indian and Asian plates continue to uplift Mt Everest, the relief seen between mountain top and base camp is a result of rock decay (weathering) and erosional processes – making this a 3​rd​ order feature.

Question 4 0.5 / 0.5 pts In Google Earth go to (-23.258333°, -174.726667°) and the change the eye altitude to 2200 miles above the surface. What is the order of relief of what you are seeing and what would be the major process(es) generating that relief. Also, what is the total relief from the deepest point at Horizon Deep (-23.258333°, -174.726667°) and one of the higher points on Tongatapu Island (-21.262690°, -175.141059°)?

2​nd​ order of relief generated by volcanic activity with a relief of exactly 35,433 ft.

2​nd​ order of relief generated by volcanic activity with a relief of exactly 35,433 ft.

Correct!

2​nd​ order of relief generated by plate tectonic subduction and volcanic activity with a relief of about 35,500 feet.

1​st​ order of relief generated by sea floor spreading generating an island arc, with a relief of exactly 35,284 ft.

This view does not portray a continent or full ocean basin, and thus it is not a 1​st​ order of relief.

The Tonga Trench and the adjacent island arc including Tonga are a result of plate tectonic subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath the Australian Plate. Horizon Deep has a depth of -35,284 as measured in Google Earth (and approximately -35,433 in bathymetry). Thus, the relief is most appropriately rounded off to about 35,500 feet.

Question 5 0.5 / 0.5 pts

In Google Earth go to (-20.630858°,-68.027766°) and the change the eye altitude to 1000 miles above the surface. What is the order of relief of what you are seeing and what would be the major process(es) generating that relief. Also, what is the total relief from the highest peak (Aconcagua – you will have to search for it) as measured in Google Earth – compared to the elevation of the Peru-Chile trench at this location (-21.387125°,-71.344201°)?

Correct!

2​nd​ order of relief generated by plate tectonic collision with about 42,000 feet of relief

3​rd​ order of relief created by mostly glacial erosion generating about 23,000 feet of relief

1​st​ order of relief generated by plate tectonic collision with about 22,736 feet of relief.

2​nd​ order of relief generated by a mix of thrust faulting and glacial erosion with about 22,736 feet of relief The indicated Google Earth view does not portray a continent or full ocean basin, and thus it is not a 1​st​ order of relief. Google Earth from about 1000 miles above the surface shows effects of plate tectonic collision where the Nasca plate subducts under the American Plate. This subduction generates the Peru-Chile trench which (at -21.387125°,-71.344201°) is about -19,000 feet (below sea level). When combined with the height of Aconcagua (​http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=88271Links to an external site.​) above sea level (22,730 on Google Earth and 22,736 as measured), the total relief is rounded off to about 42,000 feet.