Industrial Growth and Environment in Bangladesh
Industrial Growth and Environment in Bangladesh Presented By Abu Khairul Bashar Roll No: 584 Session: 2011-2012
Introduction
ď ą A country's economic and social development essentially depends on the industrial sector. A growing Industrial sector is a prerequisite for growth, employment creation and improvement in people's livelihood. ď ą The contribution of this important sector to Bangladesh economy has been increasing. The contribution of the broad industry sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has increased from 17.31% in 1980-81 to 31.98% in 2013-14. The industrial sector plays a importance role for economic growth as well as rapid employment generation.
History of the Industrial Sector
ď ą In 1971, Bangladesh became independent. Afer the war, the country was left in dire states, the industrial development was very slow. However, Ready Made Garments (RMG) started during this period. And in this sector, Bangladesh could lay claim to considerable success. Today garment export is the main source of foreign exchange earnings. Its success was not influenced by government policy but essentially by outside forces. ď ą In the 1980s, the Pharmaceutical Sector made advancement in Bangladesh. It is one of the most developed sector which is contributing in the country's economy.
Continuous… During the 1980s, other sectors like tea manufacturing, leather factories etc also gained importance. In 1990s, sectors like ship breaking, steel, cement and cold storage goods etc developed and gained momentum. From 2000 to 2012, many industries started their journey successfully, and contributed to the economic growth of Bangladesh. Among them are- electronics, glass, aluminium, plastic, cycle, and ceramic etc. industries. To sum up the whole thing, we can say that after 1971, Bangladesh is slowly and steadily turning its attention to develop its economy, through industrial development, moving away from the agricultural sector.
Categories of Industries in Bangladesh There are three categories of industries in Bangladesh ― Large Scale Industries, Medium Scale Industries and Small & Cottage Industries. Major industries are referred in the following--1. Food, Beverage and Tobacco 2. Textile, Apparel and Leather 3. Wood & Wood Products 4. Paper, Paper Product, Printing & Publications 5. Chemicals and Chemical Products 6. Non-Metallic Mineral Products 7. Basic Metal Industries 8. Fabricated Metal Products 9. Other Industries & Handicrafts
Industry: Growth and Share in GDP
Figure : Share of Industrial Sector in GDP Source: Ministry of Finance, 2013
Industrial and Labour Law in Bangladesh Bangladesh offers an abundant supply of disciplined, easily trainable and low-cost work force suitable for any labor-intensive industry. The followingď ą Employment Conditions The minimum age for workers in Bangladesh is 16 years in factories. Contracts are made in the form of a letter of offer. Workers may also be engaged on verbal agreements. ď ą Labour Laws In Bangladesh 47 labour laws are now in operation. These relate to (a) wages and employment, (b) trade union & industrial disputes, (c) working environment and (d) labour administration and related matters.
Continuous‌. ď ą Wages and Fringe Benefits In the public sector, wages and fringe benefits of the workers are determined by the government on the recommendation of the National Wages Commission established from time to time. In the private sector, the wages & fringes benefits of the workers and employees are determined through collective bargaining process. ď ą Leave & Holidays Leave & holidays of the workers & employees are regulated by the Factories Act, 1965.
Continuous…. Social Security Workmen Compensation, Employment of Labour Act, 1965 etc. deal with provident fund. Labour Union In any industrial and commercial establishment, a trade union may be formed with 30% of the total number of workers employed. Working Hours Workers in the public or private sector remain at their job for eight hours and a half hours daily for meal or rest with Friday as weekly holiday. The rate of overtime is 2 hours pay for 1-hour job.
Occupational Health and Safety Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many specialized fields. It should aim at: The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; The prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working conditions; The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; The placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs. The adaptation of work to humans.
Continuous‌. Every day workers all over the world are faced many health hazards, such as: -Dusts; -Gases; -Noise; -Vibration; -Extreme temperatures. In Bangladesh, Occupational health and safety is very poor. Industrial plots are allotted by Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (BEPZA) and Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) in industrial areas developed by them. Now-a-days, Occupational health and safety is increasing in our country.
Problems of Industrialization in Bangladesh
There are some reasons for which the country has lagged behind in heavy and medium-level industries. Problems are Lack of capital Weak investment base Poor Infrastructure Unskilled human resources Lack of resources Political instability and lack of proper govt. policy
Promotion of Environmental Standards in Bangladesh ď ą In more than 130 textile factories, seminars and workshops have been held for specialized skilled workers, teaching them how to deal with chemicals and manage waste water. There has been a marked decline in the number of workplace accidents and cases of environmental pollution. In addition, it has been possible to improve production conditions and use resources in a more targeted way, which has also led to cost savings. ď ą Five energy-saving measures have been introduced in more than 50 factories: energy saving light bulbs, insulation, air compressors, steam conduits and servomotors, as well as the generation of energy from solid waste and condensed water, have brought energy savings of up to 20%.
Continuous…. More than 200 advisors have received training in how to deal with chemicals, process waste water and improve energy efficiency. They are now working as private service providers in these fields. Together with Bangladesh’s environmental authority, the project has developed standards and guidelines on the treatment of residual chemical sludge. These are now to be incorporated into the country’s environmental laws.
Figure: Structural Change of Bangladesh Economy
Industrialization and Environment
ď ą Industrialization refers to increase in industrial activities in an economy. While industrialization is essential to reap the benefit of modern technology and improve the level of economic prosperity, it also creates some problems. ď ą The most impact is left on environment by the process of industrialization. The huge quantities of pollutants solids, liquids and gaseous which are being let out in the air, water, land are investing the relationships between man and the nature with new complexities. ď ą The state of environment degradation occur due to industrilization may be approached by examining four key areas: -Water pollution and scarcity -Land degradation -Air pollution -Extent of bio-diversity
Rank
Industrial Sector
% Contribution
Pulp and Paper
Emission (tons/year) 91786.10
1 2
Pharmaceuticals
30866.72
15.9%
3
Metal
27174.61
14.0%
4
Food Industry
23403.39
12.1%
5
Fertilizer/Pesticide 12715.00
47.4%
6.6%
Figure: Top five polluters that causes water pollution(Islam, et, al,2001)
Figure: Industrial Waste Water Dumping; Image Source Google
Rank
Industrial Sector
Emission (tons/year)
% Contribution
1
Food Industry
146356.06
38.7%
2
Cement/ Clay
62725.88
16.6%
3
Pulp and Paper
51963.92
13.7%
4
Textile
39831.01
10.5%
5
Tobacco
16992.22
4.5%
Figure: Top five polluters that causes Air pollution (Islam, et, al,2001)
Figure: Industrial Emission; Image Source : Google
Conclusion Industry sector is one of the major sectors for income source in Bangladesh. There were lots of flaws in this sector but Bangladesh could come up with phenomenal results for the enrolment of people and to come out Bangladesh from poverty though this Industry sector. The industrial sector in Bangladesh is a huge contributor for the country’s economic growth and is also becoming a role model for the world. The labour cost in our country is one of the least in the world. That is why maximum companies have given us offer to make their products and in this way we are increasing our GDP growth.
Thank You