Community Center Kashenshero

03 STUDIO UGANDA

gt+ke

gt+ke Klasse für Gebäudetechnologie und klimagerechtes Entwerfen Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart, for texts, photographs, drawings, and designs by the authors

CONTENT | STUDENT INPUT Benjamin Adolphi, Lea Eichelbrönner, Natascha Fakler, Anja Geiger, Laura Lehle, Samia Matar, Heba Mostafa, Ines Schlecker, Lea Wiedemann

EDITORS Prof. Matthias Rudolph Christian Degenhardt

Thanks to all participants of the Studio Uganda in summer semester 2019 and to our colleagues Prof. Stephan Engelsmann and Oliver Kärtkemeyer

CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Benjamin Adolphi COVER AND DESIGN Juliane Windbiel Erika Mai Christian Degenhardt

Thanks to Derrick Kwizera, Tobias Klaus and the academic partners in Kampala from Uganda Martyrs University, Achilles Ahimbisibwe and Mark Olweny and the architecture students. www.gt.abk-stuttgart.de

03 STUDIO UGANDA ST. GABRIEL ENTREPRENEURSHIP & COMMUNITY CENTER

MATTHIAS RUDOLPH CHRISTIAN DEGENHARDT BENJAMIN ADOLPHI LEA EICHELBRÖNNER NATASCHA FAKLER ANJA GEIGER LAURA LEHLE SAMIA MATAR HEBA MOSTAFA INES VIOLA SCHLECKER LEA WIEDEMANN

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Content

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[5] INTRODUCTION

STUDIO UGANDA TEAM [7] COLLABORATION [9] [11] [13]

PROJECT SITE & CLIENT PROGRAM & DESIGN FOCUS IMPRESSIONS

[17] ANALYSIS

[19] [27] [33]

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS REGION & DEVELOPMENT CULTURE & DAILY LIFE

[45] [57] [67] [85]

EDUCATION & ECONOMY NATURE & LANDSCAPE CLIMATE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

[103] DESIGN PROJECTS

[105]

SML

[151]

MARKET SQUARE

[177]

[221]

URBAN CORRIDOR FO(U)R FAMILIAR

[282] EXKURSION UGANDA

[300] MARKET SQUARE

[328] APPENDIX

SOURCES

[278]

CREDIT NOTES

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INTRODUCTION TO STUDIO UGANDA The architecture school of the State Academy of Art and Design in Stuttgart, Germany offered the “Studio Uganda” in the summer semester 2019 within the Masters of Arts architecture program. The studio’s task is to develop an architectural design proposal for a training and community center for the St. Gabriel community in Kashenshero, Mitooma District, Uganda Africa.

The foci of the studio are on climate responsive design, as well as on the consideration of construction methods taking into account regionally available resources. With this goals in mind the Studio Uganda was collaboratively operated and supported by two architectural chairs of the state academy of arts and design: Unit for building technology and climate responsive design (Prof. Rudolph) as well as the Unit for Structural Design and Technology (Prof. Engelsmann).

The semester was divided into the preparation of analysis, formulation and reflection of urban and architectural design strategies, as well as the conception and elaboration of the concrete architectural design project. In addition to the consideration of stake- and shareholders, spatial program and social aspects, the focus of the design is on the integration of sustainable construction methods as a smart response to the local climate and resources. This means in particular the intelligent combination of aspects of the local climate, the availability of materials and craftsmanship competence, as well as the resulting form-finding and construction methods, against the background of later feasibility.

This book comprises the final work of the Studio Uganda in regards to analysis, masterplan concept as well as individual architectural design proposals. The design process was organized in the way that students in groups of two to three people collaboratively worked on specific site research themes, summarized in the chapter “Analysis” and masterplans, summarized in four different “Masterplan” chapters. Within these masterplans the students individually or in groups of two further developed their architectural design proposal. The chapter organization in this book follows closely the working process of the studio Uganda. Within the masterplan chapters the associated individual architectural design proposals are presented.

STUDIO UGANDA TEAM The team of the Studio Uganda comprises the following students of the school of architecture of the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart: Benjamin Adolphi, Lea Eichelbrönner, Natascha Fakler, Anja Geiger, Laura Lehle, Samia Matar, Heba Mostafa, Ines Schlecker and Lea Wiedemann The studio was organized, led and supported by the following academic team: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN Prof. Dipl.–Ing. Matthias Rudolph, Acad.Assoc. Dipl.–Ing. Christian Degenhardt, B.A. Mohammed Hamza - ( gt.abk-stuttgart.de) STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY Prof. Dr.–Ing. Stephan Engelsmann, Acad. Assoc. M.A. Oliver Kärtkemeyer (ke.abk-stuttgart.de)

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COLLABORATION UGANDA MARTYRS UNIVERSITY The studio was operated in close exchange with the Uganda Martyrs University (UMU) in Kampala - Faculty of the Built Environment (Prof. Olweny, TA Ahimbisibwe). The Faculty of the Built Environment offered the same studio task to their architecture students at the Uganda Martyrs University (UMU) in Kampala. In addition the architecture students of UMU shared their local project research supported by an on-site visit in Kashenshero during early spring 2019 with the ABK students to support the development of their off-site basis of design.

EL BUENO TECHNOLOGIES Furthermore the close collaboration with the client’s representative, Mr. Derick Kwizera from El Bueno Technologies, a legal Limited Liability Company that deals in project management, architectural auditing, building designing and construction activities based in Kampala, supported the successful development of the studio`s progress in design. Mr. Derick Kwizera visited the studio in Stuttgart for one week at the end of May 2019. This was a great opportunity for feedback and information exchange between the studio Uganda and the client’s representative.

UNIVERSITY OF PADERBORN Last but not least the studio would not have been started without the pro-active impulse of Mr. Tobias Klaus, a research assistant in the field of renewable energies at the University of Paderborn. Trained as a political scientist, Tobias Klaus has been working on renewable energies since 2007, and since 2010 has been involved in the development of PV projects, especially in rural electrification in seven African countries (afrisolar e.V., REED). He successfully brought in his expertise into the organization of the studio as well as his practical and technical experience during his supporting visit in Stuttgart for one week at the end of May 2019.

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Geographical Context The site is located in Bukari Parish, Kashenshero Town Council of Kashenshero Sub-County, in Ruhinda County, Mitooma District.

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Town Council of tooma District.

Legend District boundary Sub-County boundary Parish boundary Site location

Bushenyi District

n-Uganda

1

2 Uganda

3

Western-Uganda

4 Ankole Sub-Region

ma District

Mitooma District

Rukungiri District

Rukungiri District

Sheema District

Ruhinda North County

Ruhinda County

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Ntungamo District

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6 Counties in Mitooma District

Figure 2: A map of Mitooma District, showing Sub-Counties and Parishes.

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Figure 2: A map of Mitooma Distr

PROJECT SITE & CLIENT The Christian community - Parish Council St. Gabriel - has decided to plan and build a training and community center in Kashenshero. This should not only serve Kashenshero, but also the region as a meeting point and strengthen the local identity and development. Kashenshero is a village developed area in the southwest of Uganda in the border region to the Democratic Republic of Congo and north of Rwanda, approx. 340km away from the capital Kampala.

The project area / property is located in Kashenshero, Mitooma District in southwest Uganda.

The area is characterized by a rural, mainly agricultural structure.

The location of the property is:

0°37'43.8''S 29°59'06.1''E

The plot has an area of approximately 8900 m² and is intended for development by the Catholic "Parish" of Kashenshero. The topographic map of the property shows that the NO-SW oriented terrain slopes SW with a height difference of about 14m. On a length of 180m this results in an average gradient of 7.8%.

PROJECT GOALS Like many other more agricultural areas of Uganda, the younger generation is attracted to nearby or distant cities due to the lack of development prospects in the local region.

Within this context, the client, the catholic community of Kashenshero (Parish), wants to strengthen the local development and to prevent a migration of the young population by establishing the new St. Gabriel Entrepreneurship Center. The community comprises approx.

20,000 - 30,000 members in the region within a radius of approximately 25 km.

In addition, the new center shall be used as a community center for various workshops, music and cultural events. For larger events, an outdoor area on the site shall be designed to provide space for larger gatherings of people, e.g. larger celebrations such as Christmas, Easter.

Excerpt from the analysis of the St. Martyrs University regarding the objectives of the project: FUTURE VISION FOR KASHENSHERO AND MITOOMA In line with Uganda’s National vision of “A transformed Ugandan Society from a Peasant to a Modern and Prosperous country by 2040”, Mitooma District theme is “Strengthening the Community for Sustainable Wealth Creation through Youth and Women Empowerment, Education, Health and Infrastructure Development”. Additionally, Kashenshero Town residents have a goal to become a municipality, have a larger trading center, a new road (which is currently under works) connecting Mitooma district to Rukungiri via Kashenshero. The town vision reads “A prosperous and healthy population readily accessing quality services in a well-planned and environmentally sustained town by 2040”.For the social center The proposed social center is viewed as a place to socialize and have celebrations, that brings the community together. Several Kashenshero residents expressed the importance of holding celebrations as a community and the development that would come of working together. A number of community members expressed the importance and need for the youth to be a large part of the development of the social center and in turn the growth of Mitooma. This is in line with the Mitooma District theme for development as this is an investment on time. It was mentioned that the youth merely required guidance in that regard. The technical skills imparted at this center are projected to economically benefit the community. As the social center will be church owned, activities planned within the area would directly benefit not only the Parish, but also provide self-employment opportunities to town members. Therefore, Parish leaders project that the social center could be financially advantageous to the church as it is dependent on church-goers.

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PROGRAM & DESIGN FOCUS PROGRAM The program is based on the information provided by the client and can be adapted to the individual design specific objectives. The design brief comprises the development of an overall concept for the site area, taking into account the objectives of the project, the existing neighboring buildings and the local infrastructure. The development of a masterplan for the entire site is followed by an architectural concept and elaboration of individual buildings with special consideration of the local climate and resources. Since it is planned to implement the concept, special attention shall be paid to the construction method and the local opportunities of implementation.

Further objectives are to be discussed and formulated with appropriate concepts. The proposed program listed below serves as a guideline and can be supplemented accordingly.

− − − − − −

Training and production bakery approx. 50-100m² with wood fired stove Bistro ~ 20-30m², in which the products of the bakery are offered Bank with ~ 50m² with small banking room and entrance hall Multipurpose and event space for 150 persons approx. 200-300m² Outdoor meeting place for 5000 people min. 2500 m² for gatherings and festivals Accommodation with ~15 rooms with common room and washroom and extensibility for up to 25 persons

General Considerations / Notes: − −

−

−

Event space might be separable into smaller areas for workshops Event space might be used as main stage and operable facades to the outdoor mee ting place Outdoor area in general shall be designed with consideration of outdoor comfort / shading / weather protection In the future the plot can be extended up to 100 acres

CLIMATE AND ECOLOGY An essential design factor is the handling of the unique climate situation in Kashenshero and the resulting questions about climate responsive construction. The aim is to design a building ensemble that will become an integral part of the site and its ecosystem by using local resources for construction and operation instead of causing externalized environmental costs.

In addition to the efficient use of resources, the aim is to enable as high a proportion as possible of self-sufficiency with energy during operation. Strategies and technologies for handling materials, energy and water cycles should be taken into account in the design. In contrast to Germany, there is no feed-in tariff. Solar power generation, e.g. through photovoltaics, is therefore a key means of self-sufficiency. The use of renewable energies should not be an "add-on" but an integral part of the architectural design.

MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION The project task comprises the development of an architectural and a structural concept for the supporting structure and building envelope. Materials and construction methods can be freely chosen, but must be related to locally available technologies and materials. The building envelope must be chosen according to the climatic requirements. The development of the design also includes the development of essential structural details and the elaboration of the foundation.

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Visit of the client Derick Kwizera

IMPRESSIONS OF THE STUDIO

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final presentation

IMPRESSIONS OF THE STUDIO

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ANALYSIS STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS REGION & DEVELOPMENT CULTURE & DAILY LIFE EDUCATION & ECONOMY NATURE & LANDSCAPE CLIMATE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

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Main street in Kashenshero

Houses in Kashenshero

Crossroad in Kashenshero

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

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FUTURE AND VISION Samia Matar

For Kashensero and Mitooma In line with Uganda’s National vision of “A transformed Ugandan Society from a Peasant to a Modern and Prosperous country by 2040”, Mitooma District theme is “Strengthening the Community for Sustainable Wealth Creation through Youth and Women Empowerment, Education, Health and Infrastructure Development”. Additionally, Kashenshero Town residents have a goal to become a municipality, have a larger trading centre, a new road (which is currently under works) connecting Mitooma district to Rukungiri via Kashenshero. The town vision reads “A prosperous and healthy population readily accessing quality services in a well planned and environmentally sustained town by 2040”.

For the social center The proposed social center is viewed as a place to socialize and have celebrations, that brings the community together. Several Kashenshero residents expressed the importance of holding celebrations as a community and the development that would come of working together. A number of community members expressed the importance and need for the youth to be a large part of the development of the social center and in turn the growth of Mitooma. This is in line with the Mitooma District theme for development as this is an investment on time. It was mentioned that the youth merely required guidance in that regard. The technical skills imparted at this center are projected to economically benefit the community.

As the social center will be church owned, activities planned within the area would directly benefit not only the Parish, but also provide self employment opportunities to town members. Therefore, parish leaders project that the social center could be financially advantageous to the church as it is dependent on church-goers.

The population statistics are from UBOS Census 2014, with projected figures up to April 2017, based on district population growth ratespublished in the Census 2014. It is assumed that the district growth rates are the same for the sub-counties within the district.

The map below depicts the population density per district, which is computed as the number of persons per km2. The population density is based on the populated surface area only and excludes national parks and water bodies.

S. MATAR

ANALYSIS

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

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S. MATAR

ANALYSIS

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

UGANDA 2040 & THE VISIONS OF YUWERIMUSEVENI

„Uganda Vision 2040 provides development paths and strategies to operationalize Uganda’s Vision statement which is “A Transformed Ugandan Society from a Peasant to a Modern and Prosperous Country within 30 years” as approved by Cabinet in 2007. It aims at transforming Uganda from a predominantly peasant and low income country to a competitive upper middle income country.

It builds on the progress that has been made in addressing the strategic bottle-necks that have constrained Uganda’s socio-economic development since independence, including; ideological disorientation, weak private sector, underdeveloped human resources, inadequate infrastructure, small market, lack of industrialization, underdeveloped services sector, underdevelopment of agriculture, and poor democracy, among others. The Vision 2040 is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country.The identified opportunities include: oil and gas, tourism, minerals, ICT business, abundant labour force, geographical location and trade, water resources,industrialisation, and agriculture among others that are to date considerably under-exploited. Achieving the transformational goal will thus depend on the country’s capacity to strengthen the fundamentals including: infrastructure (energy, transport, water, oil and gas, and ICT); Science, Technology, Engineering and Innovation (STEI); land use and management; urbanisation; human resource; and peace, security and defence.

Projections indicate that Uganda will graduate into a lower middle income country by 2017, progressing to an upper middle income category by 2032 and attaining its target of USD9500 in 2040. Projections further indicate that Uganda will be a first world country in the next fifty years. To achieve this transformation the average real GDP growth rate will have to be consistent at about 8.2 per cent per annum translating into total GDP of about USD 580.5bn with a projected population of 61.3 million in 2040.

S. MATAR

Uganda Vision 2040 identifies key core projects that need to be started including: A Hi-tech ICT city and associated ICT infrastructure; Large irrigation schemes in different parts of the country; Phosphate industry in Tororo; Iron ore industry in Muko, Kabale; Five regional cities ( Gulu, Mbale,Kampala, Mbarara, and Arua) and five strategic cities ( Hoima, Nakasongola, Fortportal, Moroto, and Jinja); Four international airports; A standard gauge railway networkwith high speed trains; Oil Refinery and associated pipeline infrastructure; Multi-lane paved national road net work linking major towns, cities and other strategic locations; Globally competitive skills development centres; Nuclear power and hydro power plants (Ayago, Isimba, Karuma, and Murchison Bay); Science and Technology parks in each regional city; International and national referral hospitals in each regional cities.“ Addional to the Vision of „Uganda 2040“ President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ( born 1944) is and will be President of Uganda at least untill 2035. Museveni`s Vision of a modern Uganda comparatively to Europe.

The population statistics are from UBOS Census 2014, with projected figures up to April 2017, based on district population growth rates published in the Census 2014. It is assumed that the district growth rates are the same for the sub-counties within the district. The map below depicts the population density per district, which is computed as the number of persons per km2. The population density is based on the populated surface area only and excludes national parks and water bodies.

ANALYSIS

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

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S. MATAR

ANALYSIS

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

VISION FOR THE DEVEL- There is also an opportunity for the project to be exemplary as a sustainable project in the OPMENT community, with innovative and sustainable ENTREPRENEURSHIP CENTER

The Parish and Community Vision Through interviews with the Parish Priest and community members, it is clear that the establishment of and entrepreneurship center is a welcome development in the Kashenshero community. They wish for the entrepreneurship center to grow into one that will help boost the economy of the community. This is in line with the Mitooma District theme, “Strengthening the Community for Sustainable Wealth Creation through Youth and Women Empowerment, Education, Health and Infrastructure Development�. In addition, one of the goals of the Kashenshero Town Council administration and in turn, the residents, is to grow Kashenshero Town Council into a municipality which has a large trading center that attracts residents from neighboring towns. The site location along a major road connecting Rukungiri District to Mitooma and Bushenyi Districts provides the opportunity to attract and engage individuals from neighboring towns and districts.

S. MATAR

approaches to design, construction, generating energy and dealing with waste. These ideas and skills can be picked up by the community and lead to development of a more sustainable Kashenshero Town Council.

ANALYSIS

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

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S. MATAR

ANALYSIS

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

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ASSUMPTION OF LOCALS IN KASHENSHERO The refl ections that Kashenshero locals could make, which are related to different age groups and different life situations.

In the fi rst case we assume a family. A family has social desires and hopes for a staying together. Adequate education for their children and access to the social network.

In the second case a farmer and consider the visions and wishes. The farmer hopes for more harvest yield and that the younger generation will have the opportunity to learn more about the business and will get more skills in agriculture.

In the next steps, we have considered schoolchildren and graduates. They wish for a future and a good future. On the other hand, they need more activities and the exchange between other young people.

In the latter case, we are taking on the older generation and they are more concerned about health care and that they can still make contacts and have their families around them.

Production

Education

Community

Conclusion

S. MATAR

ANALYSIS

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS

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Site Plan

GSEducationalVersion

REGION & DEVELOPMENT LOCALIZATION Anja Geiger

Kashenshero is located in south west Uganda in Mitoma District, about 30 km east of Rukungiri and 20 km west of Ishaka. The next trading center is Mitoma Town that is 4 km away.

The plot for the required development is a ximately 8900 m², which can be expanded site varies about 14 meters and the longest The koordinates are 0°37‘43.8‘‘S 29°59‘06.1‘‘E Uganda with 1400 meters above see level.

sloping piece of land, measuring approup to 100 acres. The topography of the site along the road measures 180 meter. and it is located in the tropical highland of

Kashenshero and the site are located along the road from Mitoma to Rukungiri and the plot is situated as usual in this area on a hilly landscape. It is near the current Parish center of Kashenshero with church, health center, secondary school and the town council buildings. The land and the potential expansion is arranged around a little valley.

Special characteristic of this site are the overgrounded power lines which separate the site from the road. The vegetation is mainly grasland and up the street is a tree avenue.

Surroundings: Around Kashenshero, Buildings are mainly developed along the road, what can be explained with life that takes place on the roads. The village of Kashenshero is an acculumaton of houses along the major road, but there are many dispersed houses around along smaller roads that belong to Kashenshero in terms of using schools, church, etc. The church is visited within a radius of ca 25 km.

Many houses are build orthogonal to the street with shops on the streetside and private areas behind that. banana plantation

coffee processing

KATI

to Mitoma

tea plantation fish farming eucalyptus tree planting

sun drying bricks

excavation of land KASHENSHERO shaded kiln

brick kiln

banana plantation plantation water reservoir to Rukungiri GSEducationalVersion

Sketch of surrounded Uses A. GEIGER

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

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1.3

GSEducationalVersion

1.4

GSEducationalVersion

1.5

1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

GSEducationalVersion

Functions of public Buildings Farming Roads Trade

A. GEIGER

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

REGIONAL CONNECTIONS

ROADS

Major Road Small Feeder Roads

FUNCTIONS

SCHOOL

HEALTH

CENTER

POLICE

TOWN

COUNCIL

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The major road in Kashenshero is connecting Bushenyi and Rukungiri. It is an important trade route. The part between Bushenyi and Mitoma is tarmacked, the part that connects Kashenshero is currently a dirt road, but there are plans to tarmacke it till 2040.

Some small feeder roads connect Kashenshero with the small villages in the surroundings.

Curch belonging buildings Schools Health Center Police Station Town Council

GSEducationalVersion

Church, Schools, Health Center and the Town Council Buildings, so the parish and community center is located near the site.

TRADE

FARMING

SHOP

Nearby the site are mainly eucalyptus tree plantations but also some banana and coffee plantations and coffee processing. In the wider area (around Kati) there is also animal farming like bee keeping and fi sh farming.

Next to the site in south direction can be found a pig farm.

Shop Fronts Market Roof Door to door Trade

GSEducationalVersion

1.6

GSEducationalVersion

A. GEIGER

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

L. LEHLE

few taxis and boda boda (02)

Walking pupils (02) 30

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

TRANSPORT & MOBILITY Laura Lehle

During the 1970s and early 1980s, the economic crisis and civil strife that affected the country greatly hindered the development and maintenance of urban transport infrastructure.

There are approximately 800,000 vehicles in the country, with a potential of additional 20,000 vehicles per year. Over 70% of these vehicles are registered in Kampala City and run the city roads daily.

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„Boda Bodas“, the motorcycle taxis, are quite common in most towns and trading centres.

They are costly and to a great extent risky.

According to Police statistics, the National referral hospital causality ward at Mulago receives an average of 5 people per day with injuries caused by Boda boda.

In Kashenshero Town Council, we mostly have to deal with boda boda pedestrian traffic.

Not to be ignored are the people who walk several kilometers to get to the trading center.

Especially the girls and boys cover a long distance to get to school.

Relating the St. Gabriel community center in Kashenshero, the development of traffic has to be kept in mind, since the site is located directly next to the road.

Matatu (03)

Dirt road next to the site (on left side) (02)

In Kampala, the capital of Uganda, public transport has largely been neglected by government and has thus not been well managed. 14-seater commuter taxis were introduced mainly to serve Kampala and its environs. Uganda Taxi drivers and Operators Association (UTODA) an association of mainly semi-illiterate persons, manages commuter transport in major towns. UTODA is the dominant organization responsible for collecting and managing commuter transport services.

There are no finances and adequate capacity to build public transportation systems or to expand roads to handle the new traffic.

The challenge is how to plan for an increasing importation of second hand vehicles in the city of Kampala which in essence has created high levels of traffic congestion, parking difficulties, difficulties for pedestrians, massive air pollutants and an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.

L. LEHLE

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

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(02)

(02)

power line through Kashenshero and energy sources

(04)

L. LEHLE

(02)

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE & RESOURCES Laura Lehle

Nonetheless, the contamination of water sources by surface runoff and agricultural chemicals occured as a serious problem.

This contributes to the partial high expose to purification and requires environmental studies to be done to prevent water spoilage.

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WATER

central and decentral water supply system

According to the Ministry of Water and Environment (2017) about 92% of the population of Mitooma have access to safe water (not comparable to European standards - no drinking water ). Most of the people (68,3%) are served by protected natural springs. Shallow wells, deep bore holes and rainwater tanks are serving another 17,2%. Since 2014/2015 Kashenshero Town Council is connected to the national water grid, initiated by the NWSC (National Water and Sewage Corporation), which serves an additional 14,6% by public taps. There the citizens collect water by the bucket.

L. LEHLE

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

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(02)

(05)

(02)

L. LEHLE

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

ENERGY

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water spots close to the site

central and decentral energy supply system

In general, Uganda is very rich in energy resources, thus it is absolut procreative.

Uganda’s main source of energy is biomass, it´s responsible for 94% of the total energy consumption in the country. Furthermore, hydropower, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy, cogeneration and fossil fuels are available.

The supply of electricity at national level is very low with 26,7 % in 2018 with only 10% in the rural areas. The energy for electricity mostly consists of hydropower.

In Kashenshero, the main souces of energy are biomass, hydroelectricity and solar energy.

Kashenshero TC maintains a power supply line, which passes right through the site of St. Gabriel community center along the dirt road.

But it is most likely, that this line is not very reliable. Because of that, a lot of households are using generators and batteries. A few have installed PV panels. Also it is common to use wood for cooking.

L. LEHLE

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

pit latrine

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L. LEHLE

latrine (06)

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

SEWAGE AND WASTE

pit latrine system

This lack of infratructure leads to unplanned development, higher numbers of deseases, soilwater- and air pollution and in general a poor At this time, there is neither a sewage, nor a waste hygiene. Kashenshero wants to take action with strategies like the purchase of garbage bins and sytem existing in Kashenshero. Pit latrines are dug and when they are used up, the pit is covered dumping sites, enforcement of laws and through introducing routine town cleanings. up and a new one is dug. At home level, organic There are no oil or gas pipelines near rubbish is tossed in a pit, often dug in the ground at the back of the house. After it has decomposed, the village of Kashenshero. The next small it is used as manure in the gardens. Plastic waste hydropower station is located in Ishasha, which is about 77km from Kashenshero. is often burned.

In the trading centres, bins are provided and emptied regularly by the City Council, Solid waste is collected and taken to a dumping site in Runoni.

FULL

L. LEHLE

CLOSED

ANALYSIS

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NEW

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

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Market Stalls

1.1

Door to door Trade

1.2

Shops

1.3

Banana Farming

1.4

A. GEIGER

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

TRADE & TRANSPORT

DOOR TO DOOR TRADE

How is the village linked to the region / to the rest of the country? In terms of transportation, economy, migration fl ows, infrastructure, etc.?

There are three main types of trade in Kashenshero: Markets, where regional products are sold, Shops that sell regional and other products and Door to Door Trade, where are non-regional products sold off.

SHOPS

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By Doot to Door trade are mainly sold non organic products. This kind of trade is costly because it often requires having a bicycle or a motorscooter.

IMPORT AND EXPORT There is an Export between Kashenshero and its neighbourhood towns Kati, Mitooma, Rukungiri and Busheny: Kashenshero mainly exports agricultural products. Leading product are coffe, bananas and eucalyptus timber.

Throuthought the whole country of Uganda, the main export product is coffee.

Uganda imports mainly technical equipment and petroleum from other countries.

Shops are selling both organic and non organic products like sugar, salt, soap, drinks...

Shops are usually placed in houses that are built orthogonal to the road with shops in front, AGRICULTURE it follows the living space and behind that is a Animal produce and Vegetable Bi-Products the economy Agricultural dominates wet space.

Coffee 20% of Kashenshero.

Common types of farming are Dried Legumes 3.5% Corn 2.6% plantation of coffee, banana and eucalyptus MARKET STALL timber, tea farming and also animal farming like beekeeping and fi sh farming. Subsistence In the markets are sold mainly organic prodfarming is the dominant type of farming in ucts of regional agriculture like fruits and Precious Metals Foodstuffs Kashenshero.

This type of farming is a main vegetables, e.g. tomatos, onions,... These Cocoa 2.7% sourceGold of 15% food for self consumption products are coming from an exchange with Raw Tobaccoand 2.5% the Raw Sugar 2.3% towns beneath like Kati, Mitoma, Rukungiri and surplus is sold.

Bushenyi.

Micro credits can be thought for these people Animal Products Fish 3.1% to buy machines for better earnings or to rent Processed Fish 2.2% Milk 1.9% better market stalls for better sales.

Animal and Vegetable Bi-Products

Machines

Mineral Products

Coffee 20% Dried Legumes 3.5% Corn 2.6%

Broadcasting Equipment 3.7% Construction Vehicles 2.1% Telephones 1.3%

Petroleum 16%

Precious Metals

Foodstuffs

Gold 15%

Cocoa 2.7% Raw Tobacco 2.5% Raw Sugar 2.3%

Animal Products

Chemical Products

Transportation

Medicaments 4.0%

Cars 2.4%

Metalls

Plastics and

Hot Rolled Iron 1.8%

Rubbers Ethylene Polymers 1.3%

Fish 3.1% Processed Fish 2.2% Milk 1.9%

Machines Export Diagram Uganda 2017Mineral Products Broadcasting Equipment 3.7% Construction Vehicles 2.1% Telephones 1.3%

Animal and Vegetable Bi- Products Wheat 2.1% Rice 1.5%

Import Diagram Uganda 2017

Petroleum 16%

Chemical Products

GSEducationalVersion Transportation

Medicaments 4.0%

Cars 2.4%

Sketch of surrounded Uses Metalls

Plastics and

Hot Rolled Iron 1.8%

Rubbers

A. GEIGER

Ethylene Polymers 1.3%

Animal and Vegetable Bi- Products Wheat 2.1%

ANALYSIS

REGION & DEVELOPMENT

40

1.1

traditional celebrations, Banyankore

Angole cow

1.2

Making matooke

1.3

CULTURE & DAILY LIFE

41

POLITICS, SOCIAL STRUCTURE, RELIGION Lea Eichelbrönner Ines Schlecker Lea Wiedemann

INTRODUCTION The Republic of Uganda is located on the equator and is about the size of the UK. Apart from the dry north, Uganda is a very rich and fertile land with a diverse vegetation and wildlife.

It is considered as one of the youngest countries worldwide: 48%> 15 years, 2% <64 years.

On average, an Ugandan woman gets 6 children Since the 60s, the Ugandan population has increased about sixfold. It is a multi-ethnic state populated by more than 40 ethnic groups (Bantu peoples 60%, Nile peoples 15%) and goes mostly back to the former kingdom Baganda. Like in the most African countries, Uganda does not that much depend on institutions.The community is very important and so everyone is looking after each other. Most of the time the religious structure holds the community together and means more for the people than the establishment. Culture appears to have an impact on many of their lives. For instance, it is considered a bad omen if a visitor leaves one’s home or shop without nourishment. The Ugandan population attaches importance to social gatherings which may include competitions, music and dance performances, workshops and weddings. Uganda came late in contact with religion that has not grown on African soil: It was not until the 19th century, Islam and Christianity took root. Arab traders and missionaries spread their beliefs with such lasting success that today there is only a small minority of traditional African faith (80% Christian, 12% Moslems). Religious freedom is constitutionally guaranteed in Uganda and inter-religious conflicts are the exception.

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

42

Colonization in Africa 15th until 19th century LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

POLITICS AND ADMINISTRATION

divers parties but one state party „National Resistence Movement Organisation (NRM-O)“.

Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa, bordering Ruanda, Tansania, Kenia, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Kongo. The country Uganda ranges over an area of 241 000 km² with a population of 37 million people.

The four regions, Northern Region, Eastern Region, Western Region and Central Regiona are devided in 127 districts. Kashenshero is located in the Western region, which is devided in 26 districts. Each district is devided into counties, each county is diveded into sub-counties.

The capital city is Kampala. English and Swahili is spoken as an offi cial language, plus Kashenshero is located centric in Ruhinda more than 40 additional languages.

County.

Uganda was under british control during the colonization from the 15th until the 19th century, receiving autonomy in 1962.

Kashenshero Sub-county is divided into fi ve fi ve parishes namely; Bukuba, Kirera, Kyanzeire, Nyakatooma and Bukari Parish.

There is a total of 53 villages in these Uganda’s administrative structure, supported parishes. by the 1998 Local Government Financial and Accounting Regulations (LGFAR). The political system is half-democratic with

Uganda

Western Region

Ruhinda County

Kashenshero

Subdivision of Uganda LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

43

44

History of Kashenshero LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

FOUNDING OF KASHENSHERO

During the 1980-86 ‘bush war’ between Uganda National Liberation Army and a number of rebel groups that included the National Resistance Army (NRA), a number of parish In 1963, Bubangizi church was established as activities were disrupted. After the war, parish a catholic centre among 10 others including activities started up again in an effort to bring Rwakitabi, Rakahimbi and Ruyanga while the community back together.

Kashenshero was still under Ruhinda county.

In 1965, the centre became a parish and with- In 2003, St. Anne technical institute was in the same year, housing was built for priests opened specifically targeting female school and clergymen. leavers, teaching them practical skills, such as tailoring, with the aim of reducing the In 1967, the French priest Father Lehman su- number of teenage pregnancies. pervised the construction of Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church, known by the local com- The parish, now at deanery level, has since munity as Bubangizi Church. He insisted that birthed three sub-parishes in neighboring the church be built by the community. Within towns. Between 1987 to 1995, the current the same year, women and youth groups were proposed site for the entrepreneurship censtarted, teaching needlework and crafting to tre was occupied by Bubangizi primary school women and sensitizing the youth. that has since moved to a larger neighbouring piece of church land. The plot has then on In 1975, the church started planning addition- been used as grazing paddock for cattle and al parish projects that included commercial goats for the church and its neighbours, as farming (banana and sugarcane) and eucawell as an Irish potato plantation. lyptus trees. A farmers group was also started, that provided food to the parish, sold the excess and gave some to parish-employed farmers.

Bubangizi Church LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

45

46

Typical family LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

FAMILY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

47

FAMILY STRUCTURE

MEN

WOMEN

MARRIGE BETWEEN 15 AND 18

HEAVY WORKLOAD

NUMBER OF CHILDREN 5,7

TERTIARY

ACESS TO CAPITAL

NAMAZZI, 16

ENGAGED, FIELD WORK

SANYU, 8

BWANBALE, 2

PRIMARY EDUCATION 7 YEARS

LOWER DECONDARY 4 YEARS

TECHNICAL SCHOOL 3 YEARS

UPPER SECONDARY 2 YEARS

TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS 2 YEARS

TERTIARY

EDUCATION

WISH ATTEND UNIVERSITY

ACESS TO MARKET

SECONDARY

INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS

HEAVY WORKLOAD LOW ALPHABETIZATION

MUKSA, 4

MIREMBA, 36 PRIMARY

ADORA, 20 NEEDS

COFFEE FARMER

LOW INCOME

AKIKI, 10

MAMONO, 41

NO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

HOUSEWIFE, FIELDWORK

LIFE EXPECTANCY 57 YEARS

FAMER

SUBSICTENT FARMER

LIFE EXPECTANCY 54 YEARS

Diagram family structure LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

48

1.1 Celebration Program Kashenshero LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

RELIGION AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE

family units surround the family patriarch.

LOCAL ACTIVITIES

The people of Kashensero Town also expressed the value they put in social gatherings. The Kashehsero Parishioners organize The Kahenshero Town Council comprises various gatherings on the church grounds, mainly Banyankole, with the Runyankole nearby school playing fields and the Bubanlanguage being the primary medium of com- gizi Secondary School main hall. Gatherings munication . Regarding religious affiliations, may include competitions among different the Catholic community has the biggest schools, music and dance performances, numbers although other religions such as the seminars and workshops, and weddings. protestants, Muslims and traditionalists are The parish day celebrations attract the largrepresented. est crowd of up to 5000 people which, usually The church plays an important role in the occur at the grounds adjacent to the church. daily lives of the population. It does not only Town council meetings and seminars are organize worship services and celebraheld at the Bubangizi Secondary School main tions, but also contributes to the education hall while school competitions may be held and development of its inhabitants. In 1967, at school playing fields, depending on the Bubangizi parish started up women groups crowd size. Betty’s gardens, north east of the to provide girls with skills in needle work and proposed site for the social center, provides crafts. The Parish also holds workshops to spaces for small gatherings. Gatherings, not sensitize the community on family values, limited to sports activities, village competifaith and financial plans that benefit the tions and weddings may also be held at the community. These workshops are usually Kyabahesi playground, Kamurisia playing organized around sexes and different age fields and workshops at Bubangizi Secondary groups. Some community members perceive main hall. Larger celebrations such as a wedthose who attend these workshops as affluding may be held at Bubangizi Primary School ent, even so, Parish leaders strive to include playing fields. everyone regardless of their financial status.

Additionally, parish leaders conduct home to home visits to sensitize households on family values.

RELIGION

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

There is an implied social stratification in Kashenshero that can be derived from level of literacy, position in government and type of housing. At the village level, households are arranged hierarchically, where extended

Easter celebration in Uganda

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

49

50

1.1

Kashenshero Community

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

CONCLUSION COMMUNITY ANALYSIS

51

CULTURE AND COMMUNITY

AFRICAN UNDERSTANDING OF COMMUNITY

COLLECTIVE THINKING NOT DEPENDING ON INSTITUTES PARALELL SOCIAL STRUCTURES LOOKING AFTER STAND FOR EACH OTHER BRING TOGETHER

VILLAGE COMMUNITY

PARISH

50 - 70 HOUSHOLDS 250 - 1000 PEOPLE

5 000 PEOPLE 50 VILLAGES

DAILY LIFE

COMMON CELEBRATIONS

SCHOOL / DANCE / SING TOWNCOUNCIL MEETINGS

SOME DAYS A YEAR

DIFFERENCE IN SIZE

= 100 PEOPLE = 100 PEOPLE

ZONING THE AREA SPACE FOR SELF ORGANIZATION Conclusion Community

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

CULTURE

52

Streets of Kashenshero

1.1

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

53

EDUCATION, ECONOMIC SITUATION OF INHABITANTS Lea Eichelbrönner Ines Schlecker Lea Wiedemann

1.1

Education in Uganda

INTRODUCTION Uganda is one of the poorer countries, with little economic power, an expandable infrastructure, and most of the working population is found in agriculture and rural areas. Especially in rural areas, the illiteracy rate of Uganda is still very high, children often help their parents in the farm work and the visit to the school is partially neglected. The Ministry of Education and Sports is responsible for all education in Uganda. The Uganda Education system follows a four-tier system i.e. 3 years (nursery school), 7 years (primary school), 6 years (secondary school) and 3 to 5 years depending on the duration of the course of University.

Bushenyi district has a private university; Kampala International University, in Ishaka town; a technical school and a number of primary and secondary schools (Mazige & Aruho, 2010).

87.6% 86.7% 88.5% 40.8% 37.9% 43.5%

School going people aged between 6 and 12 Boys aged between 6 and 12 who attend school regularly Girls aged between 6 and 12 who attend school regularly School going people aged between 13 and 18 Boys aged between 13 and 18 who attend school regularly Girls aged between 13 and 18 who attend school regularly

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

54

MITOOMA JUNIOR SCHOOL

MAYANGA PRIMARY SCHOOL

KASHENSHERO GIRLS SECONDARY SCHOOL

KASHENSHERO PRIMARY SCHOOL

UNIVERSITY MBARARA

BUBANGIZI SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

BUBANGIZI PRIMARY SCHOOL

KABIIRA TOWN SCHOOL

ST. INNOCENT VOCATIONAL AND HIGH SCHOOL IJUM0

MAYANGA PRIMARY SCHOOL

1.1

1.1 Schools in Kashenshero and surrounding area LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

EDUCATION

MITOOMA DISTRICT SCHOOLS

TERTIARY

Mitooma district has over 248 schools that include 34 nursery schools, 180 primary schools, 33 secondary schools and one teachers college school (Next Media Services Limited, 2019). Of these, 30 are found in Kashenshero sub county with 11 particularly located in Kashenshero town council, where the site is situated. Religion is one of the major drivers of education in the area .Schools are situated next to places of worship (churches and mosque). This is helpful in supporting students in the schools and contributing to morally stable people.

According to the National Population and Housing Census (2014) the offi cial school going age is 6 to 12 years for primary education, 13 to 18 years for secondary education and 19 to 24 years for tertiary education.

The statistics below are for the Ruhinda County in Mitooma district. As previously stated, this county comprises Mitooma, Kashenshro, Kabira, and Mutara sub counties.

Nursery Schools Primary Schools Secondary Schools Teachers College Schools Total Schools

TERTIARY

- -

55

34 180 33 1 248

EDUCATION

TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS

2 YEARS

2 YEARS

SECONDARY

UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION

LOWER DECONDARY EDUCATION

PRIMARY

4 YEARS

TECHNICAL SCHOOL 3 YEARS

PRIMARY EDUCATION 7 YEARS

COMPULSORY

1.1

1.1 School system Uganda LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

56

Chinese investment in Africa LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMY RELATIONS

57

WORKING POLULATION (>15 YO) : 70% 70% AGRIGULTURE

6% MANUFACTURING

MANUFACTURING POTTERY BRICKS BASKETS / MATTS

24% SERVICE

AGRICULTURE

SERVICE

SUBSISTENCE FAMING COFFEE / TEE / BANANASwomen men EUCALYPTUS / TIMBER

RETAIL SHOPS INFORMAL MARKETS DOOR TO DOOR

employment rate in %

1.1

import % mineral fuels

export %

POTENTIAL

NEEDS coffee, tee, spices

FERTAIL SOIL INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE GOOD CLIMATE machines precious metal, gemstone / SKILLS SKILLED CRAFTSMENSHIP ACESS TO MARKET WORLDWIDE MARKET ACESS TO CAPITAL vehicles mineral fuels

electronics plastic material

grain

SKILL CENTER

fish 1.3

1.2

1.1 Employment rate in % 1.2 Import products 1.3 Export products LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

58

1.1

Rual agriculture

Banana plantations

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

1.2

Uganda coffee chain

ANALYSIS

1.3

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

AGRICULTURE INFORMAL MARKETS

The current Kashenshero market stalls were constructed in 2010 when Kashenshero became a town council. The daily goods of trade in the market in Kashenshero comprise Subsistence farming is the dominant type of of farm produce like tomatoes, onions, and farming in Kashenshero. This type of farming cabbage. On Saturday, the renowned market is a main source of food for home consumpday in Kashenshero by the local community, tion and the surplus is sold off. There are people sell and buy abricated, organic, and different farming practices in Kashenshero, non-organic goods. Produce in the markets including, coffee farming, banana farming, tea depends on the season (favourable or not for farming, beekeeping, and fish farming. A few agricultural produce). people in the community As a result, trade is also conducted by traders rear cattle. This is both on small-scale and from door to door although this is seen by large-scale for sell in Rukungiri among other most traders as costly. Market days are thereareas. These farming activities are potential fore helpful in reducing costs. In addition to sources of income and are also a source trade in the market, there is trade of agriculof honey and fish for home consumption. tural produce between households.

Bananas are the dominant crops in the region followed by coffee. The price of a bunch of Most of the shops in Kashenshero are retail bananas depends on the level of shops dealing in both organic and non-ordemand versus supply. ganic items for home consumption. These items include, sugar, salt, soap, and drinks.

Coffee growing is a vital monetary source Non-organic goods are also sold door to door for the residents in Kashenshero. When the and require investment in bicycles and a few coffee is harvested, it is usually processed motorcycles since they are more expensive. and sold off. Dried coffee cherries are hurled There is a cattle market held once a month in in coffee husking machines after which they the adjacent town of Rukungiri, traders from are sold off to either traders in Kashenshero Kashenshero travel to this district to sell and or transported to Bushenyi. The use of coffee buy cattle. Informal markets play a signifihusking machines is a recently introduced cant role in marketing agricultural produce technology in Kashenshero with the majorbecause farmers meet with traders. ity of the husking machines have existed for about 3-5 years. Since this technique of coffee processing has not yet been fully embraced, the structures that house the husking machines are setup with their walls and roof comprising of timber poles and corrugated sheets. These materials are cheap and easy to assemble. An interview with a store manager of a 4 year old coffee processing company reported that an average of about 70000kg of coffee cherries are husked during the March to June season in Kashenshero.

1.1

informal steet market

LEA W. â&#x20AC;&#x201D; INES V.S. â&#x20AC;&#x201D; LEA E.

59

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

60

1.1

Local clay bricks

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

CONCLUSION LOCAL POTENTIALS ANALYSIS

61

MATERIALS

LOCAL OCCURRENCE

FROM DISTANCE

LOCAL CRAFTS AND HANDWORK

STABILIZED EARTH BRICKS

COMPRESSED EATH BRICKS

POTTERY

(FIRED) CLAY BRICKS

CONCRETE

WOVEN PAPYRUS EKIRAGO

REEDS AND FIBRE BAMBOO, EUCLYPTUS

STEEL

POTENTIALS

LOCAL CRAFTMEN

HANDCRAFT

LOCAL MATERIAL

SHORT WAYS - LOW COSTS - SELF EXTENSION

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

62

1.1

Business group in one of their savings and loan sessions

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

CONCLUSION ECONOMIC POTENTIAL

63

ANALYSIS ECONOMY

WORKING POLULATION (>15 YO) : 70% 70% AGRIGULTURE

6% MANUFACTURING

24% SERVICE

MANUFACTURING

AGRICULTURE

SERVICE

POTTERY BRICKS BASKETS / MATTS

SUBSISTENCE FAMING COFFEE / TEE / BANANAS EUCALYPTUS / TIMBER

RETAIL SHOPS INFORMAL MARKETS DOOR TO DOOR

POTENTIAL

NEEDS

FERTAIL SOIL GOOD CLIMATE SKILLED CRAFTSMENSHIP WORLDWIDE MARKET

INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE / SKILLS ACESS TO MARKET ACESS TO CAPITAL

SKILL CENTER

LEA W. — INES V.S. — LEA E.

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION & ECONOMY

64

Fig 1: Bujuku Valley, Rwenzori Mountains National Park, altitute about 3,700 metres

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

65

VEGETATION IN UGANDA Natasche Fakler

Kashenshero is located in south west Uganda in MWinston Churchill, the fromer British prime minister named Uganda ‚Pearl of Africa‘. One of the main reasons for this terminology was its staggering landscape and the diversity of species. Uganda is part of the Great Rift Valley, whose Central African Trench marks the western boundary of the country. This tectonic fracture area formed lakes like ‚Lake Edward‘ and volcanic mountains like the Rwenzori Mountains. Because of the sunken mountain peaks in the fog, it is also named ‚Moon Mountains‘.

The always in snow covered Margherita Peak is the highest summit of the Mount Stanley and also the tallest mountain in the Rwenzori Mountians. Along this top runs the border to the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the altitude between 3000 and 4000 meters maintain a unique flora characterized by gigantism, the giant growth of plants. Therfore, the mountain area is the target of many expeditions.

In eastern Africa Uganda is the most watery country. About a fifth of the country overcast by water. The origin of the Nile is located in Uganda. One of the spring is a drain of the Lake Victoria and flows via the Owen Falls, through Lake Kyoga and over the Murchison Falls into Lake Albert. For over 75 years the usage of water from the Nile was regulated in agreements. Now they need to be renewed. According to experts if it‘s not clearly defined there could be a war about the water usage.

The vegetation of Uganda mainly consists of subsistence cropland (43,9% of the surface).

In the north-east and between the Lake Victoria and Congo is open grassland (10,5%), the midlands are mostly closed grassland (11%) and in the North, East and a bit between the Lake Victoria and Congo is bushland with 7,7%. Only 0,6% of the land surface is used for settlement.

Uganda shelters ten national parks and several nature reserves. The Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in which about half of the remaining world population of mountain gorillas live and the Rwenzori-Mountains-Nationalpark, with its singular landscape, is part of the UNESCO world heritage since 1994.

The site is located in the highlands south-west. Here, cultivation is even on the high mountain slopes intensive. The land is covered with scattered patches of thick forest or elephant grass and mvuli trees, providing excellent timber. In the cooler western highlands are a higher proportion forest and long grass, while the south-west is mostly wooded and the vegetation gets shrubby to the north and dry to the north-east. The savannah habitat mainly in the North and East is dominated by grassland dotted with Borassus Palms and woodland with forest patches. The woody vegetation is dominated by acacia-dotted savanna species, Olea and Boscia species. Furthermore the forest savannah mosaic vegetation is scattered throughout the country in areas close to water bodies. The vegetation of forests have a high amounts of evapotranspiration increasing the rainfall around the region.

Until the middle of the last century Uganda had good wood reserves, but due to the dictator Idi Amins nearly half of the forests were felled. Since then the forest decreased constantly and if nobody stops the prognosis are that in 40 years Uganda wouldn‘t have any forest any more. The deforestation rate is currently 2% of the still remaining forest areas.

In many cases the woody areas need to be used for plantations. Not infrequently, this means the clear-cutting of the few rainforest areas.

N. FAKLER

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

66

Fig 2: prunus africana red stinkwood

Fig 3: annona senegallsis (wild custard apple)

Fig 4: cordia millenii (drum tree)

Fig 5: azadiracha indica (neem tree)

Fig 6: butyrospermum paradoxum (shear butter)

Fig 7: cajanas cajana (pigeon pea)

Fig 8: tamarindus indica (tamarind)

Fig 9: jatropha curcas (pig nut, fig nut, physic nut)

Fig 10: vitex doniana (black plum)

Fig 11: kigelia africana (sausage tree)

N. FAKLER

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

VEGETATION SPECIES

- species of perennial tropical grass - there are low requirements needed for growth, so they need less water and nutrients, viz. optimal for uncultivated lands.

The yields of shrubs and grasses are used for - Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s a heterozygous plant and looks like cultural, construction and industrial purposes. robust bamboo-like clumps.

- found in the dryer regions of Uganda.

The south-west highlands is intensive cultivated even on the high mountain slopes.

There are scattered patches of thick forest or Acacia Seyal (red acacia or shittah tree): - thorny, up to 15m high tree with a reddish or of elephant grass and Mvuli trees, providing pale greenish bark and the base has thorns. excellent timber.

- The trees often grow in damp valleys with Due to the cooler climate in the highlands contain a higher proportion of forest and long heavy clay soils. grass.

Eucalyptus: The forest vegetation has high amounts of - 10 years to growth evapotranspiration increasing the rainfall - for commercial planting programs hybrid around the region.

Eucalyptus clones form the basis of small and large scale Candelabra trees: - coming originally from Australia and Indo- growing up to 30 to 40 feet, found near the nesia equator.

- The crown of the tree looks like little cactus growing out of one trunk. The fl owers and sap from the inside of the tree are poisonous and the sharp spines prevent animals from eating.

Elephant grass:

Fig 12: candelabra tree

Fig 13: eucalyptus tree

Fig 14: elephant grass

Fig 15: acacia seyal

N. FAKLER

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

67

rsion

68

Bushenyi Mbarara

Rukunguri

Republic of Kongo

Kazinga Channel: manioc, corn, vegetables, cotton Nationalpark

Kabale Kisoro

Southwestern Rift Valley: tabacco, beans, millet Southwestern Midland: banana, coffee, cattle

Ruanda

Central + Southern: cattle, corn, manioc Southwestern Highland: irish potatoes, sorgum, vegetables

Fig 16: maps of southwest uganda livelihood zones

Wasserkraftwerk

Bushenyi Mbarara

Fischverarbeitung

limestone

salt

Republic of Kongo

Rukunguri

gold

Dieselkraftwerk copper

lead

cassiterite

scheelite

bismuth

Kabale

beryl

Kisoro Wasserkraftwerk

columbite

cobalt

Ruanda

graphite

plaster

Fig 17: maps of southwest uganda mineral resources N. FAKLER

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

SUPRA-REGIONAL AREA Bwindi National Park

In the south-west corner of Uganda the Bwindi National Park is based. It‘s famous for the mountain gorillas. More than 50% of this species civil there. So for tourism it is thus attractive.

If you zoom out, Kashenshero is part of the Ankole Sub-Region in south-west Uganda.

The landscape is a hilly countryside in the highlands.

Zones of livelihood: The site is located in the south-west midland, growing mainly bananas and coffee in Topography: plantations and do cattle on open fi elds or as In the western region raises the Virunga agropostoralism. The crops are used by the Mountains along the conture of Uganda and families, or sold on the next market. Coffee fi nally ends with volcanoes: the Nyamurais usually sold directly to a retailer, which gira volcano, the Karisimbi volcano and the Sabyinyo volcano. Above Lake Eduard rise the sell it to an intermediary. He usual dries and ferments the beans and transport it to the Rwenzori Mountains with the highest point exporter. From there the beans get into the Mount Stanley. world to be roasted and consumed.

National Parks and forestry conservation: Mineral resources: Uganda‘s raw materials sector, which acQueen Elizabeth National Park counts for 0.7% of GDP, is insignifi cant for the One of the most important and biggest national parks in Uganda for tourism. It‘s famous country‘s economy. Mostly non-metallic raw materials are mined, metallic raw materials for it‘s biodiversity and strictly controlled. are only mined in small quantities and energy raw materials are not mined at all.

Kigezi Game Reserve It‘s located under the Lake Eduard and established as a buffer zone to Queen Elizabeth National Park. In addition, it‘s a sanctuary for the numerous elephants that move east from the Rwindi Plain within the Dem. Rep. of Congo by the beginning of the rainy season.

1

3 2 Bushenyi Mbarara

Rukunguri

Republic of Kongo

4

5

6 Kabale Kisoro

Ruanda

1

Queen Elizabeth National Park

2

Kigezi Game Reserve

3

Kashoha-Kitomi

4

Kalinzu

5

Bwindi National Park

6

Echuya

Fig 18: maps of southwest uganda montains and forestry nature conservation N. FAKLER

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

69

70

High- intensity management zone Low-intensity management zone Nature Reserve 'core'

Fig 19: model of the forest reserve with â&#x20AC;&#x161;core areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;

Forest Reserves Wildlife (Game) Reserves National Parks Fig 20: southwest Uganda: National Parks, Wildlife Reserves and Forest Reserves N. FAKLER

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

FORESTRY NATURE CON- Planning Strategy - the decision to dedicate 20% of the forest SERVATION estate to management as Nature Reserves, The goal of the new forestry policy is “an integrated forest sector that achieves sustainable increases in the economic, social and environmental benefi ts from forests and trees by all the people of Uganda, especially the poor and vulnerable”.

Man and Biosphere concept of reserve design envisages the defi nition of discrete management zones, arranged concentrically around a totally protected ‘core’ area, and providing for progressively more intensive use towards the periphery of a reserve.

The forestry nature conservation is organized in different objectives: fi rst the forest management objectives (e.g. protect viable populations of all species, wild genetic resource, reservoir of seed material, dispersal agents and ecological services..). Second the buffer zone objectives such as: protect and/ or restore the natural vegetation and ecological attributes of areas immediately adjacent to nature reserves, environmental protection zones will protect the natural vegetation and ecological attributes of hilly and mountainous areas, or recreational use and Eco-tourism development. Last but not the least production zone objectives containing e.g. to provide a maximum sustainable yield of sawn timber, pulpwood and other products from plantations, provide a yield of building poles, fi rewood and other wood and non-wood products for industrial, commercial and/or subsistence use, create areas for environmental monitoring and applied research, as well as provide areas for education and training and so on.

30% as Buffer Zones and 50% as Production Zones.

- Important points in the planning strategy are biodiversity considerations, economic considerations, social considerations and management considerations.

Design of national network of forest Nature Reserves 1. Identify biologically important sites 2. Combine biological and socio-economic considerations 3. Examine options for a diverse national network of complementary protected areas 4. Select ‘prime’ sites for Nature Reserve establishment 5. Select ‘core’ forest sites for Nature Reserve establishment, based on the occurrence of ‘concentrations’ of species not found elsewhere.

6. Additional ‘core’ forests for nature reserve establishment, based on their contribution to the national protected area systems 7. Based on the list of sites selected, assess the potential for equivalent/alternative sites where nature reserve status seems inappropriate.

8. Select ‘secondary’ forest sites for nature reserve establishment, based on the occurrence of ‘signifi cant’ species not found elsewhere.

9. Additional ‘secondary’ forest sites for Nature Reserve establishment, based on the occurrence of vegetation types not otherwise represented.

National Park/ Forest Reserve 9%

Statements: Permanent Forest Estate natural forests on private land forestry plantation Forest Reserve 35%

forest products processing industry collaborative partnerships

National Park 26%

tree-growing on farms forest biodiversity will be conserved

Wildlife Reserve/ Forest Reserve 1%

Wildlife Reserve 29%

watershed protection forests urban forestry education, training and research high quality tree seeds and improved planting stock Fig 21: Forestry Policy (2oo1) Key Policy Statements

N. FAKLER

Fig 22: Proportion of Uganda‘s protected area

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

71

72

To Katunguru

≥#

R. Rutondo

‡

N

Kakasi F.R

KIBALE COUNTY

R.Kanywambogo

Bihanga Station

#S #S

Kitomi N.R

‡

R.Kyahenda

#S #S

IBANDA COUNTY

#S Rukiri

Guard's house (occupied)

Station

Officer/ranger house (occupied)

National Park boundary

River/stream

Motorable track/road

Sawmill

Guard's non-departmental house Camp site/recreational facility

Officer/ranger house (proposed)

#

r

‡

S [

Ò

U Guard's house (proposed)

Infrastructure

Nyakashaka Station

Dual Management

Other Uses

Protection (buffer)zone

Recreation Zone

Nature Reserve

Management zones

Munyoni

R.Ngoro

BUHWEJU COUNTY

rks , t h iki P a b e ul a l za m n To Eli , Se atio i e n or e N u e nz a l Q we K i b R d an

R. Chambura

÷ ÷ Katerera Station

5 Kilometres

Kasyoha N.R

R.Buhindagi

ZONATION OF KASYOHA-KITOMI FOREST RESERVE

R.Lubale

L.Kamunzuka

BUNYARUGURU COUNTY

# # #

Ndekye Station

To Ishaka

R.Lutoto

IGARA COUNTY

0 1 : 250,000

To Rukungiri

#

Ò

Bikurungu

Ò

To Katunguru

NORTH

[

#

‡

r

Ò

#

[

#

Kayanga

S

Kalinzu

Ò Ò Ò

To Katunguru

Kachumba

Ò

KYAMUHUNGA

# #

To Bushenyi

Officer/ranger house (occupied)

Guard's house (occupied)

National Park boundary

River/stream

Motorable track/road

Sawmill

Guard's non-departmental house Camp site/recreational facility

Officer/ranger house (proposed)

#

r

‡

S [

Ò

U Guard's house (proposed)

Infrastructure

B utare

KALINZU FR

RYERU

r

Nkombe Sawmill

Nyamusingire Ranger Post

Queen Elizabeth National Park

Ò

IGARA COUNTY

Ò

#

BUNYARUGURU COUNTY

Kihanga

MARAMAGAMBO FR

U

Ruhinda

Dual Management

Other Uses

Protection (buffer)zone

Recreation Zone

Nature Reserve

Management zones

N

#

ZONATION OF KALINZU - MARAMAGAMBO FOREST RESRVE

SOUTH

# Kaizi Ranger Post

U

S

5 Kilometres

RUHINDA COUNTY

1 : 250,000

0

MARAMAGAMBO F.R.

RUJUMBURA COUNTY

5 Scale

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

ANALYSIS

N. FAKLER

Kalinzu F.R

Direction of Bushenyi Town & Mbarara

5 Scale

Fig 23: maps of southwest uganda livelihood zones

Fig 24: maps of southwest Uganda mineral resources

NATIONAL PARKS The following National Parks are close to the site: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park The vegetation of Bwindi is tight, with its many shades of green, making it rightfully deserve the title Impenetrable. The impenetrable forest is a tropical and subtropical moist broad leaf forests and is biologically rich and important for the conservation of the afromontane fauna, especially species endemic to the western rift valleyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mountains.

The topography is very rugged, with narrow valleys intersected by rivers and steep hills.

Furthermore, the park has more than 220 tree species, 1,000 fl owering plant species, and more than 100 fern species including the threatened brown mahogany and Brazzeia longipedicellata.

Queen Elizabeth National Park The National Park has a massive variety of habitats including the savanna grassland, beautiful crater lakes, swamps, tropical rain forest. However, it has fi ve levels of vegetation in the different sectors; bushy grassland, Acacia woodland, Lake shore or swamp vegetation and forest grassland. The vegetation is a variety consisting of mostly tightest of small

trees including acacias, Capparis tomentosa and Dichrostachys cinerea and evergreens.

The parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s grasslands harbors wildlife, forest grassland harbors primates. Kabatoro gate has a chunky ground cover with dense vegetation dominated by candelabra thorn that makes game viewing a challenge.

The open savannah plains are on the western shores of the adjacent stunning Lake George, just near to the area where the Kazinga Channel confl uences with this lake.

Fringes of Vossia cuspidata with shrubs such as Aeschynomene have developed at lake shores.

Kibale National Park This evergreen rain forest park is located near the Fort Portal in the Western part of Uganda, east of the Rwenzori Mountains. Some endangered timber species of trees include Cordial millennia, Entandrophragma Angolans, and Lovoa swynnertonnii. The forest understory is dominated by shade-tolerant shrubs and herbs, which include Palisota schweinfurthii and Pollia condensata, in addition to ferns and broad leaf grasses.

Fig 26: Queen Elizabeth National Park

Fig 25: Bwindi National Park

N. FAKLER

Fig 27: Kibale National Park

ANALYSIS

NATURE & LANDSCAPE

73

74

Kashenshero

97mm

90mm 112mm 103mm

Average Temperature and Precipitation

83mm

44mm

18mm

48mm

72mm

107mm 110mm

97mm

CLIMATE

75

GENERAL Heba Mostafa

Kashenshero has a tropical climate. It is located at -0.6288 latitude and 29.9851 longitude and altitude at 1500m NN. The climate is all year round constant with an annual average temperature about 20,5°C. Analyzing the weather data from the weather station in Mbarra (around 85 km far from Kashenshero; altitude 1422m) it can be said that the the summers are short and warm; the winters are short, comfortable, and wet; and it is overcast year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 15°C to 28°C and is rarely below 13°C or above 31°C. The temperature difference between day and night is about 10°C. Because Mbarara experiences signifi cant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall, the weather can be categorized in three seasons: a rainy season from March to May and from September to December, a dry season from June to August and a transitional period from December to February. The annual precipitation is about 981mm.

The most rain falls during the 31 days centered around April 16, with an average total accumulation of 104 millimeters. Compared to Stuttgart it rains twice more time in Mbarara.

In the dry season the chance of precipitation is around 20-50mm. The least rain falls around June 30, with an average total accumulation of 17 millimeters.

Climate Data Mbarara : Distance ca. 80km from Kashenshero

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

76

Average High and Low Temperature

Comparison of the Average Weather in Mbarara and Stuttgart

Average Monthly Rainfall

Comparison of Rainfall

Humidity Comfort Levels

Comparison of Muggy Conditions

Cloud Cover Categories

Chance of Clearer Skies Comparison Mbarara Stuttgart

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

CLIMATE ANALYSIS The warm season lasts for 1.6 months, from January 26 to March 14, with an average daily high temperature above 27°C. The hottest day of the year is February 13, with an average high of 28°C and low of 15°C. The cool season lasts for 1.8 months, from October 20 to December 12, with an average daily high temperature below 26°C. The coldest day of the year is September 21, with an average low of 15°C and high of 27°C. At night temperature drops below the lower limit of the comfort zone thus comfort during the night time should be considered.

The wetter season lasts 8.6 months, from September 4 to May 24, with a greater than 38% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day is on April 26 with 66%.

The drier season lasts 3.4 months, from May 24 to September 4. The smallest chance of a wet day is 10% on July 4.

The clearer part of the year begins around June 9 and lasts for 3.4 months, ending around September 23. On August 15, the clearest day of the year, the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 55% of the time, and overcast or mostly cloudy 45% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 23 and lasts for 8.6 months, ending around June 9. On April 11, the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy The muggier period of the year lasts for 7.9 81% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partmonths, from October 6 to June 4, during which ly cloudy 19% of the time. time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 5% of the time. The muggiest day of the year is April 25, with muggy conditions 19% of the time.

The least muggy day of the year is July 28.

A wet day is one with at least 1.00 millimeters of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days varies very significantly throughout the year.

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

77

78

Rainy Season

Dry Season

Average Temperature on March 21

Average Temperature on June 21

Humidity Comfort Levels on March 21

Humidity Comfort Levels on June 21

Wind Speed on March 21

Wind Speed on June 21

Wind Direction on March 21

Wind Direction on June 21

Hourly Share of Precipitation on March 21

Hourly Share of Precipitation on June 21

Probability of Precipitation in March

Probability of Precipitation in June

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

TYPICAL DAY: RAINY & DRY SEASON

of precipitation is 66% on April 27, and its lowest chance is 10% on July 4.

Precipitation is most likely between 12 PM and 1 PM, and least likely between 1 AM and 2 AM.

RAINY SEASON

DRY SEASON

On March 21, the temperature typically ranges from 16°C to 26°C and is rarely below 14°C or above 30°C. The coolest time of the day is from 11:00 PM to 8:15 AM, with the coldest at 6:15 AM, at which time the temperature is below 17°C three days out of four, and below 18°C nine days out of ten.

The warmest time of the day is from 11:15 AM to 6:15 PM, with the hottest at 2:45 PM, at which time the temperature is above 25°C three days out of four, and above 23°C nine days out of ten.

In June 21, the temperature typically ranges from 16°C to 27°C and is rarely below 14°C or above 29°C. The coolest time of the day is from 10:00 PM to 8:00 AM, with the coldest at 6:00 AM, at which time the temperature is below 17°C three days out of four, and below 17°C nine days out of ten.

The warmest time of the day is from 11:00 AM to 6:15 PM, with the hottest at 2:30 PM, at which time the temperature is above 26°C three days out of four, and above 24°C nine days out of ten.

The chance of muggy, oppressive, or miserable conditions on March 21 varies over the course of the day, with an average daily chance of 9%.

The muggiest time of day on March 21 is around 7:30 PM, with muggy conditions 24% of the time.

The least muggy time of day is around 7:30 AM, with muggy conditions 1% of the time.

The average hourly wind speed in Mbarara on March 21 varies throughout the day, with a daily average of 2.3 meters per second.

On June 21, the chance of muggy conditions does not change significantly over the course of the day, remaining around 2% throughout.

The average hourly wind speed on June 21 varies throughout the day, with a daily average of 3.0 meters per second.

The windiest time of day is around 11:00 AM, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.9 meters per second, mostly staying between 3.9 meters per second and 6.0 meters per second, and rarely falling below 2.7 meters per second or exceeding 6.7 meters per second.

The windiest time of day is around 3:15 PM, The calmest time of day is around 1:30 AM, with an average hourly wind speed of 3.4 me- with an average hourly wind speed of 1.4 meters per second, mostly staying between 2.7 ters per second, mostly staying between 1.0 meters per second and 4.1 meters per secmeters per second and 1.8 meters per second, and rarely falling below 2.0 meters per ond, and rarely falling below 0.6 meters per second or exceeding 4.9 meters per second. second or exceeding 2.1 meters per second.

The calmest time of day is around 11:30 PM, Over the entire course of June 21, the hourly with an average hourly wind speed of 1.6 average wind direction, in order of prevameters per second, mostly staying between lence, is from the south (52%), east (38%), 1.3 meters per second and 2.0 meters per west (9%), and north (2%). second, and rarely falling below 0.8 meters per second or exceeding 2.3 meters per The chance of a wet day over the course of second. Over the entire course of March 21, June is very rapidly decreasing, starting the the hourly average wind direction, in order month at 24% and ending it at 11%. of prevalence, is from the east (43%), south On average, there is a 13% chance that more (31%), west (16%), and north (10%). than 1.00 millimeters of total precipitation will fall throughout the day on June 21, all of The chance of a wet day over the course of which can be expected to be rain.

March is very rapidly increasing, starting the Precipitation is most likely between 12 PM month at 39% and ending it at 59%. and 1 PM, and least likely between 9 PM and On average, there is a 52% chance that more 10 PM. than 1.00 millimeters of total precipitation will fall throughout the day on March 21, all of which can be expected to be rain.

For reference, the year‘s highest daily chance

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

79

80

|

SunEarthTools.com |

Sun Path Diagram

Highest Sun Elevation on 21st Marc h at 01:04 pm

H. MOSTAFA

Highest Sun Elevation on 21st June at 12:59 pm

ANALYSIS

Highest Sun Elevation on 21st December at 12:55 pm

CLIMATE

SUN PATH

81

The equator crosses through Kashenshero very close, which makes the sunlight shine the same way from above every day, and the temperature stable during the year.

The length of the day does not vary substantially over the course of the year, staying within 9 minutes of 12 hours; with the shortest day falling in mid June and the longest in late December.

Hence the sun elevation is high.

The sun elevation on 21. December is 67° with an Azimuth of 178° and is inclined to the south.

On 21. June the sun elevation is 66° with an Azimuth of 1.6° and is inclined to the north.

The sun elevation on 21. March is 88° with an Azimuth of 45,5°.

Hence the day length is constant with approx.

12 hours. The shortest day is on 31. March with 12 hours and 6 minutes of daylight.

The longest day is the 1. March with 12 hours and 7 minutes of daylight.

dec 67°

South

march 88°

jun 66°

North

Highest Sun Angles of the year

H. MOSTAFA

Sunrise and Sunset with Twilight

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

82

Horizontal Insolation

Solar Insolation and monthly Mean Temperature

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

SOLAR INSOLATION

From March to September the sun in inclined to the north therefore there is a direct solar radiation in that period on the northern area. The beam radiation is about 216kWh/m²/a.

The brighter period of the year last 2.2 months From September to March the sun is inclined to from June 29th to September 5th, with an aver- the south. Hence the direct solar radiation is on age daily incident shortwave energy per square the southern area. The beam radiation is about 173kWh/m²/a. meter above 5.8 kWh. Thus the east and west surfaces are all year The brightest day of the year comes around mid July, with an average of 6.0 kWh; while the round exposed to the sun.

As the solar insolation is high there is an opcomparatively darker period of the year lasts portunity to harness solar energy. for approximately six weeks, from October to November, with an average daily incident shortwave energy per square meter below 5.2 kWh. Due to the high solar altitude the solar insolation on the horizontal surface is very high with 1891kWh/m²/a direct solar insolation.

On the vertical surface the direct solar insolation all year round is constant. On the east surface the beam radiation is about 452 kWh/ m²/a and on the west about 391 kWh/m²/a.

Vertical Insolation North

Vertical Insolation South

Vertical Insolation East

Vertical Insolation West

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

83

84

Absolute Humidity

Psychometric Chart

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

HUMIDIY

Regarding to chart the high humidity mainly in the rainy season can be also approved. The The humidity comfort level is based on the dew absolute humidity is between 8-15g/kg. About 6086h (total 8760h) in the year the absolute point, as it determines whether perspiration humidity is between 6.6 and 16.5 g/kg. will evaporate from the skin, thereby cooling the body. Lower dew points feel drier and higher dew points feel more humid.

During the rainy season humidity is mostly high, while in the dry season it is more comfortable.

Hence the relative humidity is all year round between 55-95 % and mostly high. About 6084h (total 8760h) in the year the relative humidity is between 26 - 100%.

As shown in the psychometric chart the humidity ratio is above the comfort zone, therefore there is a need of dehumidifi cation. This can be achieved by natural ventilation or increasing the air movement by e.g. ventilators in the indoor spaces.

Based on the absolute humidity the comfort level is characterized at 12g/kg.

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

85

N

86

NNE

NNW

1000 NE

NW

WNW

ENE

500

0

W

E

ESE

WSW

SW

SE

SSW

SSE S

Wind Rose

0.0

>0.3

>1.6

>3.4

>5.5

>8.0

>10.8

>13.9

>17.2 m/s meteoblue

Wind Direction

H. MOSTAFA

Average Windspeed

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

WIND

direction for colder winds with temperatures between 11 - 20째C is from all directions.

The hourly average wind speed and direction is measured at 10m hight above the ground.

The wind experienced at any given location is highly dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

Regarding to the site in Kashenshero the main wind direction is characterized from south - west depending on the local topography of the site.

Hence the wind direction is stable it offers an opportunity to use the wind for natural cooling.

The wind is low to moderate between 1 - 5.5 m/s all year round. The average hourly wind speed varies slightly over the course of the year. The windier part of the year lasts for about fi ve months, from April to September, with average wind speeds of more than 2.6 m/s; while the calmer time of year lasts for about seven months, from September to April, with average hourly wind speeds as low as 1.8 m/s.

The direction of warmer winds with temperatures between 22 - 33째C is south to east. The

Cool Winds 11 - 20 째C, 7768 hours

Hot Winds 21 - 33 째C,

Cool Winds

Hot Winds

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

7077 hours

CLIMATE

87

88

GENERAL

TEMPERATURE

SUN

constant: max.28°C - min. 15 °C

maximal solar altitude between 66° - 88°

Temperature difference day/ night 10°C

Sun comes from North and South

average annual temperature 20-21 °C

Sun from 21. March- 20. Sep. from North Sun from 21. Sep. - 20. March from South

RAINY SEASON March - May

Temperature max.27° - 24°C min. 15° - 17°C

Sun sloped to South 21.Sep 21.March

Sep. - Dec.

TRANSITIONAL PERIOD

Sun sloped to North 21.March - 21. Sep.

Temperature max. 25° - 27°C min. 15° - 17°C

Sun sloped to South 21.Sep 21.March

Temperature max. 26° - 27°C min. 16° - 18°C

Sun sloped to North 21.March - 21. Sep.

night temperature drops below lower limit of comfort zone > considering comfort during night-time

north-south orientation

Dec. - Feb.

DRY SEASON

June - Aug.

STRATEGIES

smaller openings in east west direction high sun elevation > horizontal shading opportunity to harness solar energy

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

CLIMATE ANALYSIS WIND

low - moderate between 1- 5,5 m/s Wind from South to East, mostly from south-east and east-south-east

89

RAIN

significantly increased in rainy season> approx.

70-100mm (corresponds to twice as much rain as in Stuttgart) always occurs at noon (maximum 12 oâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;clock

lower on average 2,5 m/s

Rainfall about 729mm

wind speed lower in the evening wind direction east, southeast and west

highest daily probability of a wet day on April 27 is 66%

lower on average 2,5 m/s

Rainfall about 260mm Rain probability approx. 39%

wind speed lower in the evening wind direction east, and north-west stronger on average 2,5 m/s wind speed lower in the evening

reduction of internal thermal load

mostly high relative humidity (55-95%) absolute Humidity between8-15g/kg > comfort level 12g/kg

Humidity increases during the rainy season> It gets increasingly humid until about 6 pm humid - muggy 90% of the time absolute humidity between 8-14.6g/kg > humidity increases humid - muggy 60% of the time

Rainfall approx. 110mm lowest daily probability on July 4th is 10%

wind direction east, southeast

openings in wind direction

HUMIDITY

humidity decreases absolute humidity between 7-13g/kg comfortable - humid comfortable - humid 80 % of the time

overhanging to protect from rain rain water collection

increase air movement (e.g. ventilator)

night ventilation

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

WALLS

ORIENTATION

90

smaller building area in East-West direction

thick walls with high thermal mass materials

N

W

O

W

O

S small distances in east - west direction > self shading

openings in wind direction

roof overhang for shading

ROOF

H. MOSTAFA

second wall structure for shading

OPENINGS

dopple roofed, ventilated roof

Opening in wind direction (cross ventilation)

roof shading through PV panels

Warm air outlet through openings in roof

reflective roof

small openings in east-west facades

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

91

Ragarding to the passive design strategies the most important aspects that should be considered are the orientation, horizontal insolation, daylight, ventilation, shading and thermal mass.

By using thermal mass materials the temperature cycle between day and night could be shifted, because there is a temperature difference about 10°C. As the horizontal insolation is very high, shading strategies and ventilation for the roof should be considered.

To achieve comfort in the indoor and outdoor spaces the orientation of the buildings is important referring to the wind direction.

As the east and west facades are all year round exposed to the sun, the smaller building areas should be in East-West direction.

Temperatures between 11 - 20°C is from all directions.

H. MOSTAFA

ANALYSIS

CLIMATE

92

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

MATERIAL, SKILLS & CONSTRUCTION Benjamin Adolphi

INTRODUCTION Kashenshero offers a wide range of possibilities for building. Many materials, especially clay based materials can be sourced directly within Kashenshero. Many of these materials can be used to introduce new construction technologies to the community, while still following traditional knowledge. Craftsmen in many different fields of work can participate with their skills in a building process.

The following pages give a better understanding what can be found in Kashenshero, which skills are available and how typical constructions and typologies look like.

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

93

94

This chart compares different building materials by its availability, quality, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s advantages and disadvantages, plus it takes a look at the educational opportunities and the ability within those materials to source labour from the community. kiln-fired brick

compressed earth block

rammed-earth wall

stabilized earth block

availability

widely available

common in rural construction

moderate availability (it is considered as an experimental construction approach)

moderate availability. slowly gaining popularity since late 90â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s

local availability

small to medium quality material local quarry can quality material amounts available can be made supply quality clay can be made locally on site. locally local quarry can supply good quality clay

quality

quality material available from distant kilns. local kilns can produce good quality if well supervised

experienced contractor can achieve favorable aesthetic quality

quality output would require expert supervision. experienced contractor with good carpenter needed

experienced contractor can achieve favorable aesthetic quality

providing labour

we can recruit labour from local community

we can recruit labour from local community

we can recruit labour from local community

we can recruit labour from local community including making the blocks

educational opportunities

Design-Built can impart skills on residents

Design-Built can reintroduce this technology to residents

Design-Built might introduce this technology to residents

Design-Built might reinforce this technology to residents

advantages

cheap: $0.04$0.08/per brick can be sourced from the nearby towns of Ishaka and Rukungiri

cheap production on site production on site material locally material locally available available

disadvantages

a lot energy is needed in the production of the bricks, especially a large amount of wood

needs experienced contractor

enhanced stability of the brick wall thanks to denticulation

needs experiwould require adenced contractor. ditional cement to Few knowledge in stabilize blocks local community about this technology

look

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

MATERIAL

95

AVAILABILITY AND ADVANTAGES

concrete block

stone

eucalyptus wood

bamboo

metal

commonly used in commonly used urban commercial as wall finish projects quality material available from distant kilns

abundance of eucalyptus plantations. Commonly used in construction of commercial buildings

bamboo is available, but there's no information about local availability or whether it's used locally

only available from local kilns can distant kilns produce good quality if well supervised

vital distribution of timber in the region. There seem to be good carpenters available.

no information given

mainly used for roofing as metal sheets (very common). Seldomly used for structure of roofs, metal beams, pillars

quality material available from distant concrete yards. local contractor can achieve good quality we can recruit labour from local community

local contractor can achieve favorable aesthetic quality

eucalyptus is mostly used for roof trusses, this is very common

no information given

we can recruit labour from local community

beams and planks no information can be bought given locally

no information given

-

Design-Built can impart skills on residents

Design-Built can add value to residents

no information given

Design-Built might introduce this technology to residents

rather cheap

-

good availability

very fast growing material not as â&#x20AC;&#x17E;aggressiveâ&#x20AC;&#x153; as eucalyptus

light structures possible, allows for lager spans e.g. for roof overhangs

only an option for wall finish and foundation

the forest area is shrinking, Use should be better controlled. Aggressive plant for other vegetation

no information given

material might be hard to find locally.

durable

a lot energy is needed in the production of the bricks

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

no information given

metal sheets seem to be available in different qualities and treatment. No info on other products

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

96

KILN FIRED BRICK

B. ADOLPHI

COMPRESSED EARTH BRICK

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

97

RAMMED EARTH WALL

B. ADOLPHI

STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

98

CONCRETE BLOCK

B. ADOLPHI

STONE

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

99

EUCALYPTUS

B. ADOLPHI

BAMBOO

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

100

1.1

1.2

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE

The roof often is protruding over the walls to provide a shaded space to sit. Most of them have a round footprint, but squared footprints can be found as well. In rural regions this type Vernacular architecture in Uganda has mostly of hut can still be found. two types: the beehive-type hut and mud/ Usually, he only opening in the huts is the clay huts. entrance, some have a small hole at the very top of the roof.

THE BEEHIVE-TYPE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES The first type, beehive-type, is made out of stems and reeds and can rise up to about Both types need almost constant renewal.

9m. Larger and smaller stems are woven and Especially the second hut type can be seen provide the structure on the inside. Reeds are as climate optimized: The protruded roof also then put on top in several layers. There is no protects the walls from direct sunlight. Dense separation between the roof and the walls, walls act as thermal mass, protect from the itâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s the same structure from ground to top. It heat of the day and release the collected heat has a round footprint. during the night. Furthermore, the light roof structure allows for heated air, that accumuREEDS AND MUD lates under the roof, to pass through, while fresh air can come through the entrance The second type of huts has dense walls out opening. of mud or bricks and a light roof structure out of stems or bamboo, covered with reed or thatch.

1.1 brick hut with large roof overhang 1.2 the walls are in constant need of renewal 1.3 beehive-type hut 1.3

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

101

102

mixed-use typology

1.1

1.1

dwelling typology

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

market typology

1.1

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

BUILDING TYPOLOGIES

103

MIXED USE TYPOLOGY

The most common typology in Kashenshero is a mixed-use typology with a shop front facing the road, succeeded by dwellings and then closed off by wet areas. (as seen above) Sometimes housing units are organized around a courtyard.

DWELLING TYPOLOGY

Usual Dwellings are only defined inside, outside space usually lacks any defined areas dedicated to the house. Outside space is much more defined by roads, vegetation or topography.

mixed-use typology

MARKET TYPOLOGY

A completely open typology can be found in markets, which are formed by a big roof structure and stepped presentation areas. This typology forms a passageway which leads through the building.

dwelling typology

market typology

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

104

reed mat

Woven papyrus mat (Ekirago)

local brush-making

B. ADOLPHI

fired clay pot

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

SKILLS & CRAFTSMANSHIP

105

LOCAL CRAFTSMANSHIP

The local craftsmanship includes several different crafts, including:

• weaving reeds and fiber • pottery • brush-making • kilns: producing bricks (burned and air dried) in nearby towns

WEAVING

Weaving materials are papyrus reed, bamboo and especially eucalyptus offcuts. With this, they weave eucalyptus mats called „Ekirago“, which find wide usage as floor mats, room separation or as counter-top-covering.

making air-dried bricks (informal)

POTTERY

The pottery in nearby towns produces fired clay pots and fired clay charcoal stoves, which are then sold by retail traders within Kashenshero trading center.

Local kilns are mostly small and informal and often run by self-employed people.

PROFESSIONAL BUILDERS

The majority of skilled builders receive building and construction training from Kabira Technical Institute in Ruhinda County, about 12 km from Kashenshero Trading Centre.

B. ADOLPHI

kiln for burned bricks (informal)

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

106

local school-buildings built with timber and metal steel sheets

a mud house in Kashenshero

B. ADOLPHI

a more sophisticated timber structure

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

out of a inner structure out of wood, which then is fi lled out and plastered with clay and mud.

107

ROOFING

STRUCTURE

There is basically two types of structures available: 1. brick-built walls combined with a wooden structure for the roof, which is holding corrugated steel sheets for the roofi ng.

2. Wooden beams and bars are used to built the whole structure for the walls and the roof.

The cladding for the walls is then made out of corrugated steel sheets or wooden planks.

The roofi ng is almost all the time corrugated steel sheets as well.

Concrete is basically only used for certain columns and special girders, on which brickbuild walls continue.

WALLS

Most walls are built with some sort of brick, usually kiln-fi red clay bricks (for more information see the list of building materials).

They are usually not plastered.

Only in rural regions you can fi nd walls made

Roofs are almost all the time made with a wooden support structure and corrugated steel sheets for cladding. The use of reed and thatch does not seem to be much appreciated any more, probably because it needs much more maintenance.

Using tiles for roofi ng is possible, but seems to be seldom so far.

FLOORING

fl oors are usually not paved but covered with woven papyrus mats (Ekirago).

OPENINGS

houses often only have simple openings as windows, sometimes with metal-grills to protect from unlawful entry. Sometimes they have glazing and often they are equipped with wooden window shutters.

Typical Urban and Rural dwellings

typical rural dwellings

typical urban dwellings

n and Rural dwellings

B. ADOLPHI

Typical Urban and Rura

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

108

mud house with wood structure and metal sheets

mud or air-dried bricks with metal sheet roof

fired brick structure with metal sheets

timber structure with wooden planks and metal sheet roof

B. ADOLPHI

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

HOUSING CONDITIONS:

LIGHT-WEIGHT STRUCTURES

households living in dwelling units ...using permanent roof materials: 94.2 % ...using permanent wall materials: 25.4 % ...using permanent fl oor materials: 22 %

Economy & Commerc A special type of construction is used in industrial buildings, such as buildings for coffee Buying and selling of goods in Kash de-husking machines (see below). These retail areand wholesale trade. The exch produce is conducted between Ks often timber pole-structures in combination that include Kati, Mitooma, Rukung of goods from Kashenshero be with corrugated steel sheets.

109

bananas, and coffee. These two fa agricultural trade within the town. timber is another item of economi of the abundance of eucalyptus pla is vital because it is used in const general, agricultural produce dom

semi-permanent dwelling units: 79.1 % temporary dwelling units: 5.7 %

Coffee farming Figure 37: A shetch showing construction material use in Kashenshero.

Coffee growing is a vital mone Kashenshero. When the coffee is and sold off. Dried coffee cherr machines after which they are sold or transported to Bushenyi. The u recently introduced technology in the husking machines have exist technique of coffee processing the structures that house the hus walls and roof comprising of tim These materials are cheap and ea

An interview with a store manage company reported that an avera cherries are husked during the Ma

Informal markets

The current Kashenshero marke when Kashenshero became a town the market in Kashenshero compr onions, and cabbage. Traders in th (approximately $0.8) to 5,000 UG However, on Saturday, the renown the local community, people sell non-organic goods. Produce in th (favourable or not for agricultural conducted by traders from door most traders as costly. Market day costs. In addition to trade in the m produce between households.

38: An illustration showing a light weight coffee de-husking structure, seen in Kashenshero. aFigure light-weight de-husking structure seen in Kashenshero

A common type of house with brick/clay walls and steel sheets

B. ADOLPHI

typical use of concrete in combination with brick-walls

ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION & RESOURCES

110

111

DESIGN PROJECTS SML LEA EICHELBRÃ&#x2013;NNER INES VIOLA SCHLECKER LEA WIEDEMANN

MARKET SQUARE LAURA LEHLE SAMIA MATAR

URBAN CORRIDOR HEBA MOSTAFA BENJAMIN ADOLPHI

FO(U)R FAMILIAR ANJA GEIGER NATASCHA FAKLERR

112

112

113

SML

LEA EICHELBRÃ&#x2013;NNER INES VIOLA SCHLECKER LEA WIEDEMANN

114

OUTDOOR AREA

BISTRO

ANALYSIS

SML

115

ADAPTIVE SYSTEM Lea Eichelbrönner Ines Viola Schlecker Lea Wiedemann

ANALYSIS

EDUCATION

SKILLS EDUCATION

AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURE

SKILL CENTER

HANDCRAFT

CREDITS

HANDCRAFT

AIM

KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION ACESS TO CAPITAL SKILLS

SKILL CENTER

CREDITS ACESS TO MARKET

1.1

AIM

KNOWLEDGE

INTRODUCTION

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

INFORMATION

ACESS TO CAPITAL

ACESS TO MARKET

Due to the climatic conditions in Uganda, in Kashenshero life takes place especially on the street. The aim of the design is to create large shaded space between inside and outside.

The extensive room program is categorized into 3 types. S M L, which differ in their size and room quality. Any function will fi nd its place in one of the three types. Reduction of buildings allows a high fl exibility, adaptability and re-usability. Type S is designed to allow a sale. This can be from one fruit stand to reach a bank. Type M includes education and training centers such as a joinery or classroom. Type L is a meeting place at which events and meetings can take place. The typological approach allows the village to expand its educational center and assign it with the desired function. Only regional materials are used to guarantee independent extension. The construction consists of local wood, the lamellae of the facade is made out of a traditional wickerwork. So is both a very day-time shuttering as well ventilation guaranteed.

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

1.1 Analysis and resulting driving idea

L. E. – I. S. – L. W.

SML

MASTERPLAN

NEED

116

RAIN PROTECTION

PRIVACY

APPROACH

SUN PROTECTION

ZONING

COVER CORE SYMSTEM

1

2

3

4

OUTDOOR

ROOF

COVER

CORE

building concept L. E. – I. S. – L. W.

SML

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

MASTERPLAN

MASTERPLAN CONCEPT

for educational purposes. It is linked by a road to the school in the north, over which also delivery can take place.

The master plan is a well thought out structure of buildings of different typologies. They are arranged in a way that the diverse actions mutually support each other without disturbing actions at same time.

ZONING

The property is zoned. In the area at the crossroads buildings of type S are placed.

There, the everyday market takes place. The path along the shops leads to the center of the property, where a green location invites you to linger. Adjacent to this is the assembly SITEPLAN hall, the type L. By this one reaches the street in the south. The classroom buildings (type M) are set back in the west. There is a quiet zone

117

VEGETATION

The buildings are loosely arranged on the property to integrate the existing vegetation.

Green areas and trees serve as shading and cooling buffer zone.

BUILDING CONCEPT

All buildings follow a superordinate concept, which emerges from the main requirements of sun protection, weather protection and privacy. There is a cover - core system that divides each building into different zones.

The deeper you go into the building, the more protected you are.

CARPENTRY

SHOP

BAKERY

BANK SHOP RETAIL

CLASSROOM

BISTRO

PARISH HALL

masterplan L. E. – I. S. – L. W.

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

M 1.50

SML

MASTERPLAN

118

PROGRAMM

HALL 150 PEOPLE 300 QM

SQUARE 5000 PEOPLE 2.500 QM

BISTRO

RETAIL

CARPENTRY

ACCO MONDATION

WORKSHOP 50 - 100 QM

BANK

BAKERY

SORTING

TYPOLOGIES

S

M

L

program L. E. – I. S. – L. W.

SML

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

MASTERPLAN

PROGRAM

TYPOLOGIES

The given space program includes many different functions: meeting hall, square, workshops, shops, bank, classroom, retail and accommodation.

SORTING

The individual functions have requirements that overlap. For example, the requirements of a store and a bank are similar. Even the requirements of a workshop are comparable to those of a classroom. They can be grouped to create three typologies.

S

M

BISTRO / KIOSK

TRAINING/ WORKSHOP AREA

S

S

CRAFTS RETAIL

FURTHER EDUCATION/ LECTURE

S

TOWN COUNCIL MEETING

The three typologies differ mainly in their size but also in design (plan layout, choice of material and zoning). Type S is designed to be, for example, a bistro / kiosk, bank or crafts retail. Type M meets the requirements of a training / workshop area, further education place and town council meeting. The large gathering hall is type L, where a variety of events can take place.

FUTURE

The typological approach allows fl exible growth of the community center.

S

L MS

BISTRO / KIOSK

TRAINING/ WORKSHOP COMMUNITY BISTRO / KIOSK AREA CELEBRATION MICRO CREDITS FURTHER EDUCATION/ PUBLIC MEETINGS LECTURE CRAFTS RETAIL PRIVATE EVENTS TOWN COUNCIL MEETING

MICRO CREDITS

MICRO CREDITS

M

M

CRAFTS RETAIL

119

M

M

L

L

TRAINING/ WORKSHOP COMMUNITY CELEBRATION AREA

COMMUNITY CELEBRATION

PUBLIC MEETINGS FURTHER EDUCATION/ LECTURE PRIVATE EVENTS TOWN COUNCIL MEETING

BISTRO BISTRO / KIOSK / KIOSK TRAINING/ TRAINING/ WORKSHOP WORKSHOP BISTRO / KIOSK TRAINING/ WORKSHOP AREA AREA AREA MICROMICRO CREDITS CREDITS MICRO CREDITS FURTHER FURTHER EDUCATION/ EDUCATION/ FURTHER EDUCATION/ CRAFTS CRAFTS RETAIL RETAIL RETAIL LECTURE LECTURE CRAFTS LECTURE

PUBLIC MEETINGS

L

PRIVATE EVENTS

L

L

COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY CELEBRATION CELEBRATION CELEBRATION PUBLICPUBLIC MEETINGS MEETINGS PUBLIC MEETINGS PRIVATE PRIVATE EVENTS EVENTSEVENTS PRIVATE

TOWN TOWN COUNCIL COUNCIL TOWN COUNCIL MEETING MEETING MEETING

L. E. – I. S. – L. W.

SML

MASTERPLAN

120

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

M 1.500

future scenario L. E. – I. S. – L. W.

SML

MASTERPLAN

ECOLOGY

CYCLE

The aim is to foster the local economy by taking the resources and knowledge that is locally available to draw and use. Local building materials play a big role as well as almost lost construction techniques.

MANPOWER

The population of Kashenshero should be involved in the planning and construction process right from the start. The participation of the villagers gives the project an important identity, which is absolutely necessary for success. The Community Center is meant to be a growing project that thrives on change and adaptation. The local people are trained to be able to adopt the building concept and apply it independently.

121

The individual institutions on the property should play each other and promote each other. For example, the fruit can be used on the plantations of the agricultural school in the bakery. These products are in turn sold in the shops. The apprentices in the joinery are to participate in the expansion of the building.

ENERGY AND WATER

The region is connected to both public water and electricity. The supply, however, is relatively unreliable and must be supported by local measures. A cistern is to be built on the property to catch the water in the rainy season. This can be used either fi ltered as process water or unfi ltered for irrigation. The power supply is supported by PV systems.

BUILDING MATERIAL

It is mainly clay and wood are used, that is available on the property or in the immediate vicinity. Even traditional crafts, which are only limited to products till now should fi nd their way into the architecture. These include the local braiding techniques with papyrus, from ECONOMY which mats and baskets are currently made.

S

M

L

economic cycle L. E. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; I. S. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; L. W.

SML

MASTERPLAN

122

MARKET SITUATION

TYPE S

123

Lea EichelbrĂśnner

The first type of the series is type S. This can be used for a bistro or small bank office or a kiosk or retail store. It should offer space for 1 to 3 people inside and opens up to the outside to connect to the street life. The smallest buildings are located in front of the site to invite people from the street and lead them further into the community center. Through different usage in type S the floor-plan as well as the openings vary. A retail store should offer space for a salesman and room for storage. Other than that a small bank office should hold space for a consulting room and a waiting area as well as space for an ATM. For a market stall it should be possible to use the outside space since buying fruit and vegetables is a daily need and should be accessible from the street. The buildings are simple, flexible and can adapt to use depending on need. Furthermore the retail buildings can be extened when needed. The most important requirement for Type S is shading from the sun as well as protection from rain. It should be possible to lock the storage room.

LEA EICHELBRĂ&#x2013;NNER

SML

TYPE S

PROCESS

DETAIL

S S

124 PROCESS

DETAIL

PRIMITIVE FORM PRIMITIVE FORM

PRIMITIVE FORM

ROOF STRUCTURE

ROOF STRUCTURE

PRIMITIVE FORM ACCESS FROM 2 SIDES ACCESS FROM 2 SIDES

ROOF STRUCTURE

BISTRO / KIOSK MICRO BISTROCREDITS / KIOSK

ACCESS FROM 2 SIDES

ROOF STRUCTURE

CRAFTS RETAIL MICRO CREDITS ACCESS FROM

CRAFTS RETAIL

2 SIDES REDUCTION WEST SIDE DUE TO SOLAR IRRADIATION

BISTRO / KIOSK

REDUCTION WEST SIDE DUE TO SOLAR IRRADIATION

MICRO CREDITS BISTRO /RETAIL KIOSK CRAFTS MICRO CREDITS

GROUND STRUCTUR

REDUCTION WEST SIDE DUE TO SOLAR IRRADIATION

USERS

1 - 5 PEOPLE CRAFTS RETAIL

SIZE USERS

M² 10- -520 1 PEOPLE

PERIOD OF USE SIZE

ALL - DAY M² 10 - 20

PERIOD OF USE LOCATION USERS

ALL - DAY

BY THE ROAD 1 - 5 PEOPLE REVERENCE TO ROAD BY ROAD 20 M² 10 -THE REVERENCE TO ROAD RETAIL 1 - 5 -PEOPLE ALL DAY STORAGE RETAIL 10 - 20 M² STORAGE

BY THE ROAD TWO-LAYER-ROOF ALL - DAY REVERENCE TO ROAD OPEN STRUCTURE FOR VENTILATION TWO-LAYER-ROOF OPEN STRUCTURE

BY THE ROAD RETAIL FOR VENTILATION REVERENCE TO ROAD STORAGE

GROUND STRUCTUR REDUCTION WEST SIDE DUE TO SOLAR IRRADIATION VENTILATION THROUGH WIND VENTILATION THROUGH WIND

LOCATION SIZE VENTILATION THROUGH WIND

PROGRAM USERS OF USE PERIOD

VENTILATION THROUGH WIND

PROGRAM SIZE LOCATION CLIMATE STRATEGY PERIOD OF USE

OPENING TO FRONT SIDE

CLIMATE STRATEGY

OPENING TO FRONT SIDE

LOCATION PROGRAM

RETAIL TWO-LAYER-ROOF STORAGE OPEN STRUCTURE FOR VENTILATION FUNCTION

GROUND STRUCTUR

GROUND STRUCTUR

SLIDING ELEMENT SLIDING ELEMENT

PROGRAM CLIMATE STRATEGY OPENING TO FRONT SIDE

CLIMATE STRATEGY TWO-LAYER-ROOF FUNCTION OPEN STRUCTURE FOR VENTILATION

OPENING TO FRONT SIDE CORE TO BACK SIDE CORE TO BACK SIDE

SLIDING ELEMENT

SLIDING ELEMENT

REFERENCE TO

FUNCTION OUTSIDE AREA

REFERENCE TO OUTSIDE AREA

FUNCTION

CORE TO BACK SIDE

ROTARY ELEMENT

ROTARY ELEMENT

REFERENCE TO REFERENCE TO OUTSIDE AREA STREET LIFE REFERENCE TO STREET LIFE TO REFERENCE

CORE TO BACK SIDE ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

ROTARY ELEMENT

OUTSIDE AREA

REFERENCE TO POSSIBLE OUTSIDE STREET LIFE SERVICE POSSIBLE OUTSIDE SERVICE REFERENCE TO

ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

ROTARY ELEMENT

STREET LIFE ZONING LEA 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

EICHELBRÖNNER

SML POSSIBLE OUTSIDE SERVICE

WOVEN ELEMENT

TYPE S

WOVEN ELEMENT

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT For the smallest type the main aspect is to offer a shaded space without loosing touch with life happening on the street.

around a small bar or PRIMITIVE bistroFORM should not be left out. In close connection to the workshops from Type M it is possible to sell locally made products like baked goods from the bakery for example. If there is a workshop for crafts that are made by the people working there those also could be sold in a retail store from Type S.

SHAPE

ZONING

The start for creating the shape was the basic form of a square. Two sides are cut of to create two opening sides to the front. Due to the climate conditions the west facade must be kept small. The big facade orientated to the south-west offers ideal space for the wind to ventilate the building.

The building itself is separated into 3 zones.

There is the outside area which is potentially roofed. Then there is the indoor space and at last there is the storage core. The different zones offer different qualities of stay.

125

ACCESS FROM 2 SIDES

REDUCTION WEST SIDE DUE TO SOLAR IRRADIATION

PROGRAM

PROCESS The Type S is mainly used for retail of different products, That can vary from food and goods to crafts. The opportunity to gather

USERS

S

SIZE

PERIOD O

VENTILATION THROUGH WIND

LOCATION

PROGRAM

CLIMATE S PRIMITIVE FORM

OPENING TO FRONT SIDE

ACCESS FROM 2 SIDES

CORE TO BACK SIDE

BISTRO / KIOSK MICRO CREDITS CRAFTS RETAIL

REDUCTION WEST SIDE DUE TO SOLAR IRRADIATION

ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

VENTILATION THROUGH WIND

1.2 Circle from available resource to product

1 - 5 PEOPLE

SIZE

10 - 20 M²

PERIOD OF USE

ALL - DAY

LOCATION

BY THE ROAD REVERENCE TO ROAD

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

OPENING TO FRONT SIDE

LEA EICHELBRÖNNER

USERS

SML

PROGRAM

RETAIL STORAGE

CLIMATE STRATEGY

TWO-LAYER-ROOF OPEN STRUCTURE FOR VENTILATION

LEA WIEDEMANN

TYPE S

126

CLIMATE STRATEGIES

N

LIGHTNING ZONES

CR S

OS NT VE

SHADING

N

TIO

ILA

SUN

W

E G

CR

VE

NT

SUN

SH A

S

DIN

OS

IL

AT

IO

N

WIND

S

M 1.35

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

CLIMATE STRATEGIES

SUN

21Dec -14:00

21 Dec - 13:00

21 Dec - 12:00

21 Jun - 13:00 21 Jun - 12:00 21 Jun - 14:00

21Dec - 10:00

21 Jun - 10:00

RAIN

21 Jun - 16:00

21 Jun - 18:00

WIND SHADING

21 Jun - 8:00

W

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA EICHELBRÖNNER

SML

M 1.35

TYPE S

21 Dec - 13:00

max 28°C

CLIMATE DESIGN CON~ 21°C CEPT min 15°C

facade is very dense due to climate conditions. North and south facade is very lightly woven so the wind can pass through.

21 Dec - 10:00

21 Dec - 16:00

21 Dec - 18:00

21 Dec - 8:00

W

The quality of stay should correspond to the atmosphere of a soft shade of trees and still give the protective feeling of a building. So the strategy is to create a space that is protected from the direct sun and10°C at the same time very well ventilated.

COVER

21 Dec - 12:00

21 Dec -14:00

E MARCH

CORE

The cores form the thermal mass of the building. The temperature difference between day and night is about 10 degrees. This situation can be used excellently as cooling. The thermal mass of the clay wall works as a buffer. It cools the room passively during the day. The W E shell prevents the core from heating up so it JUNE stays cool for as long as possible.

21 Jun - 14:00

21 Jun - 13:00 21 Jun - 12:00

21 Jun - 16:00

21 Jun - 10:00

21 Jun - 18:00

21 Jun - 8:00

DAY

NIGHT

The facade is an open structure letting the N wind through. It is optimized for ventilation throughout the day as well as during the night.

The open structure lets light in but prevents from blinding. It creates a huge quality of stay W woven material. The Ewoven caused by the facade varies in density depending on how much sunlight appears on each side. It can vary from a very closed structure to a very light and open structure.S The east and west

ROOF 21 Dec -14:00

21 Dec - 13:00 21 Dec - 12:00

The roof is a two layer roof. The upper sheet made of corrugated iron protects the building from rain. The second layer is made of woven papyrus elements. The upper quickly heating W E roof skin can not radiate into the interior.

DECEMBER Between the layers, the puffer zone is free to fl ow in the air.

21 Dec - 16:00

21 Dec - 18:00

21 Dec - 10:00

21 Dec - 8:00

SUN

COVER

WOVEN PANEL

TEMPERATURE

CORE

THERMAL MASS

WIND

COVER

WOVEN PANEL

LEA EICHELBRÖNNER

SML

TYPE S

127

128

ROOFING

LATHING

STRUCTURE

BEAM

WEBBING

D STRUCTURE

FRAMEWORK

NG ELEMENT

TRUSS

RY ELEMENT

N ELEMENT

BASE

FUNDAMENT

LEA EICHELBRÃ&#x2013;NNER

SML

TYPE S

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

woven structure protects the constructive elements and makes it easy to renew individual facade elements. The hight of the beams and lathering allows a two layered roof. Finally The construction principle is designed in a the roof completes the building. Some of the way that it can be implemented with local ma- indoor walls are infilled with straw and clay. terials and possibilities. The given local conThey follow the same construction principle ditions and traditional methods are exhausted but can be less strong, since they only carry and rethought. Many old proven principles can themselves. be taken up, adapted and reinterpreted.

MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION A compromise must be made regarding the The constructive principle of all types is sim- choice of building material. The combinailar, but is redefined due to the varying span tion of materials that found in the immediate widths. The retail buildings require frames of vicinity and imported semi-finished parts up to 5 m in length. Each frame is constructed makes sense. The reinforced concrete floor from two poles one threshold and a sole plate. slab and the corrugated iron roof protect the The frames are divided into fields where the building from moisture, which is essential for webbing can be attached. The single-storey the durability. The woven facade is based on building offers the possibility to prefabricate local crafts and can be made by the people the walls individually. Afterwards the elements living in Kashenshero. are fixed on the concrete foundation. The

traditional crafts

local wood

woven papyrus facade

local craftsmen

LEA EICHELBRĂ&#x2013;NNER

SML

TYPE S

129

130

GROUND STRUCTURE

5 PEOPLE

- 20 M²

L - DAY

THE ROAD VERENCE TO ROAD

TAIL ORAGE

O-LAYER-ROOF EN STRUCTURE R VENTILATION

SLIDING ELEMENT

N

FERENCE TO TSIDE AREA ROTARY ELEMENT

FERENCE TO REET LIFE

SSIBLE OUTSIDE RVICE

WOVEN ELEMENT

RÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA EICHELBRÖNNER

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

SML

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES V

TYPE S

BUILDING ENVELOPE The facade is not a classic building envelope.

In stead of closing the building, it creates a smooth transition between the exterior and the buffer zone. The facade is the identity of the building. It determines both the comfort in the interior and the appearance of the building.

WEBBING

OPENINGS

131

There are different types of openings for the different usage options. The example of the bakery retail shows an options where you can slide the woven element up and create a roof overhang to protect from sun and rain.

The opening offers the opportunity to sell from the inside to the outside. Other than that there are openings for a door where you rotate the opening element to open it up like a door. It creates the entrance into the building.

The woven frames are The more direct sunlight is directed at one side of the building, the more closed it will be. In the east and west, the elements are very dense and allow diffuse light into the interior. Areas with lower DETAIL irradiation are provided with a more open structure. On the north and south facades the webbing is very light. The wind coming from south-west direction can easily pass through.

Fortunately, the two factors of minimum radiation and maximum ventilation can be complied very well.

CONSTRUCTION

ROOFING

DETAIL LATHING

S

ROOF STRUCTURE

BEAM

WEBBING ROOF STRUCTURE

GROUND STRUCTURE

BISTRO / KIOSK

1.2 Circle from MICRO CREDITS available resource to product CRAFTS RETAIL FRAMEWORK

LEA EICHELBRÃ&#x2013;NNER

SLIDING ELEMENT

SML

TYPE S

132

SAFE

FLOORPLAN

ATM

BANK

BAKERY RETAIL MARKET STALL

BISTRO

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA EICHELBRÖNNER

SML

TYPE S

FLOOR PLANS & SECTION The arrangement of the buildings create different court situations. The space between the retail buildings lead the way through the site. Furthermore the order and shape offers possible exchange between each other and between Type M buildings. Through the different openings from each building there are individual options for various connections.

FLOOR-PLAN

behind the facade and a small storage room inside the core. The east and the south-west facade can open up the invite the costumers and create a welcomed space. The market stall buildings offer a lot of space for storing all the goods like fruits and vegetable. The retail can be held outside at the basement.

133

OPENINGS Due to the possibility of different usage of each building the openings vary. There are 4 different types of openings stacked to the 4 options of use.

There is an example made for 4 different options the Type S can be used. A bakery a bank offi ce a bistro and a market stall. The fl oorplan for each usage varies. The bakery offers space for the display of baked goods and a storage room which is inside of the core. The front opens up for sale. The back opens up to bring the goods from the bakery workshop into the retail store. The bank usage holds a small counsel room which is inside the core zone and a waiting room in front. The opening in front is the entrance into the building. The the north-east facade can be disposed so light can pass through. The bistro holds a bar where drinks can be sold in the zone directly

VIEWS

M 1.50

EDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRĂ&#x2013;NNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA EICHELBRĂ&#x2013;NNER

SML

TYPE S

134

TYPE M

135

Ines Viola Schlecker

The second type M is slightly larger than type S. It deals with the topic of education. In Uganda, many young people are moving to the city. They hope to find better opportunities to earn money.

Unfortunately they have to leave their families and rarely find acceptable work. To counteract this phenomenon, the community wants a skill center. With the skills learned, people can become self- employed and find well payed work. In the skill center the offer ranges from from a bakery to a carpentry up to some classrooms for business and agriculture classes. The Workshop buildings are simple, flexible and can adapt to use. Like this, the community can change or envelope their skill program over time. In Uganda life takes place on the street. That is why all workshops are connected to the outside. Furthermore the workspace can be extended when needed. The buildings try to form a space between inside and outside, protected from sun and rain, they can be used all day.

INES SCHLECKER

SML

TYPE M

PROCESS

136

M N

S NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION

TRAINING/ WORKSHOP AREA FURTHER EDUCATION/ LECTURE

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION

TOWN COUNCIL MEETING

USERS

10 - 40 PEOPLE

SIZE

60 - 100 M²

PERIOD OF USE

2 - 8 H DURING DAY

LOCATION

REMOTED FROM STREET REFERENCE TO SHOPS EXPANDABLE

REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

WORKSHOP AREA LOCKABLE STORAGE OUTDOORSPACE

PROGRAM

CLIMATE STRATEGY

TWO-LAYER-ROOF VENTILATION SHADING ELEMENTS OUTDOOR EXTENSION NORTH - SOUTH

FUNCTION

SHADED WORKSHOPAREA

CORE TO WEST SIDE - RADIATION WORKSPACE TO MIDDLE AREA

EXPANDABLE OUTDOORSPACE

COURTYARD COMMUNICATION

ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

requirements type M INES SCHLECKER

SML LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

TYPE M

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGAND

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT The intention of the building is toM create a

SHAPE

137

PROCESSis based on the The shape of the building climatic requirements. The west and east facades are kept as small as possible in order to avoid direct sunlight. The storage core pleasant working area between inside and outside. An open structure covers the whole also is arranged to those sides, whereas the workspace and protects against sun and rain workspace areas are located to the north and but leaves the wind in for cooling. The design south part of the building. In addition to the sun, the wind direction is important for the of the interior varies between the different development of the shape. Most of the facade conditions. Light walls create a kind of zonfaces the wind direction, allowing a constant ing. This results in quite protected areas for fl ow. the classroom or wide, open spaces for the workshops. Each building has a connection to the outside. This space can be used for work, PROGRAM communication between the people or to spend time while breaks. The whole complex The type M is mainly used for training events, is situated away from street in the green area such as the teaching bakery or carpentry. with lot of shading trees. It has a connection Furthermore the buildings can also be used TRAINING/ WORKSHOP AREA to the shops of Type S, to create the opportu- as space for town-council meetings or meetFURTHER EDUCATION/ LECTURE nity to sell the produced products. ings of the community. The open and fl exible TOWN COUNCIL MEETING structure of the facade allows a diverse use.

DETAILS

N

1

2

S

NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION

2 FACADE

1 ROOF

DETAILS

PROCESS USERS

10 - 40 PEOPLE

SIZE

60 - 100 M²

PERIOD OF USE

2 - 8 H DURING DAY

LOCATION

REMOTED FROM STREET REFERENCE TO SHOPS EXPANDABLE

N

TIN ROOF

LAMELLO

LATHING

PILLAR

BEAM WOVEN MESH

TRUSS SILL

CONSTRUCTION

REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

1

WORKSHOP AREA LOCKABLE STORAGE OUTDOORSPACE

PROGRAM

CLIMATE STRATEGY S

SLIDING ELEME

ROOFING

TWO-LAYER-ROOF VENTILATION SHADING ELEMENTS

2

NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION

OUTDOOR EXTENSION NORTH - SOUTH 8°

FUNCTION

30°

LATHING

SHADED WORKSHOPAREA

3

AREA

TILT ANGLE

ECTURE

CORE TO WEST SIDE - RADIATION WORKSPACE TO MIDDLE AREA

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION

BEAM

ING M 1:20

EXPANDABLE OUTDOORSPACE

3 GROUND

2 FACADE

1 ROOF

LINSEED OIL

TIN ROOF

LAMELLO

LATHING

PILLAR

STRAW CLAY

BEAM WOVEN MESH

TRUSS SILL

CONCRETE FOUNDATION GRAVEL

COURTYARD COMMUNICATION

PEOPLE

0 M²

REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

WOVEN PANE

SHADING ELEMENTS

DURING DAY

TED FROM STREET ENCE TO SHOPS NDABLE

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBR

SHOP AREA ABLE STORAGE OORSPACE SLIDING ELEMENT

AYER-ROOF LATION NG ELEMENTS

ED

PILLARS

OUTDOOR EXTENSION NORTH - SOUTH 8°

30°

60°

design process AUFSCHIEBEN 1

INES SCHLECKER

SML

TYPE MTRUSS

M 1.50

ER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

138 SUN

CTIONS 21 Jun - 13:00 21 Jun - 12:00 21 Jun - 14:00

SOLAR

RAIN

21 Jun - 10:00

21 Jun - 16:00

OVERHANGING ROOF TWO LAYER ROOF PAPYRUS MAT

SHADING

21 Jun - 18:00

CORE PUFFERZONE THERMAL MASS CROSS VENTILATION

21 Jun - 8:00

B M 1.50

KER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

climate sections/ optical light INES SCHLECKER

SML

TYPE M

21 Dec - 16:00

~ 21°C 21 Dec - 18:00

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT min 15°C

21 Dec - 8:00

W

139

E MARCH

CORE

The quality of stay should10°C correspond to the atmosphere of a soft shade of trees and still give the protective feeling of a building. So the DAY NIGHT strategy is to create a space that is protected from the direct sun and at the same time very N well ventilated.

The cores (storage and part of classroom) form the thermal mass of the building. The temperature difference between day and night is about 10 degrees. The thermal mass E ofWthe clay wall works as a buffer.

It cools JUNE the room passively during the day. The shell prevents the core from heating up.

COVER

ROOF

21 Jun - 13:00 21 Jun - 12:00

21 Jun - 14:00

21 Jun - 16:00

21 Jun - 10:00

21 Jun - 18:00

21 Jun - 8:00

21 Dec - 13:00 21 Dec - 12:00

21 Dec -14:00

21 Dec - 10:00

21 Dec - 16:00

W The facade consists of elements thatE are horizontal at a certain angle. They protect against direct sunlight and create a pleasantly diffused light which offers a good working S illumination. At the same time the semi-open facade structure enables air fl ow. This ventilation is essential for the hot and humid climate in Kashenshero.

The roof is a two layer roof. The upper sheet made of corrugated iron protects the building W from rain. The second layer isEmade of woven DECEMBER papyrus elements.

The upper quickly heating roof skin can not radiate into the interior.

Between the layers, the puffer zone is free to fl ow in the air . By heating this area a suction is created, which allows a faster air exchange.

21 Dec - 18:00

21 Dec - 8:00

SUN

COVER

WOVEN PANEL

TEMPERATURE

CORE

THERMAL MASS

WIND

COVER

WOVEN PANEL

RAIN

SLOPED ROOF

CORRUGATED SHEET

climate strategies INES SCHLECKER

SML LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

TYPE M

140 1

ROOFING 2

LATHING

3

BEAM

M 1:20 3 GROUND

2 FACADE

1 ROOF

LINSEED OIL

TIN ROOF

LAMELLO

LATHING

PILLAR

STRAW CLAY

BEAM WOVEN MESH

TRUSS SILL

CONCRETE FOUNDATION GRAVEL

SHADING ELEMENTS

SLIDING ELEMENT PILLARS

8°

30°

60°

AUFSCHIEBEN 1

TRUSS

CORE

TILT ANGLE AUFSCHIEBEN 2

BASE

structural concept WOVEN PANEL

INES SCHLECKER

SML

TYPE M

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

set. The second structure carries the lamellae of the facade. The double structure protects and relieves the main Structure and makes it easy to renew individual facade elements. The The construction principle is designed in a hight of the beams and lathering allows a two way that it can be implemented with local ma- layered roof. Finally the roof completes the terials and possibilities. The given local conbuilding. Some of the indoor walls are infilled ditions and traditional methods are exhausted with straw and clay. They follow the same and rethought. Many old proven principles can construction principal but can be less strong, be taken up, adapted and reinterpreted. since they only carry themselves.

CONSTRUCTION

MATERIAL

The constructive principle of all types is similar, but is redefined due to the varying span widths. The workshops buildings require beams of 8 m in length, which are still available locally. The construction of the walls (main structure) is based on wooden panels .

The single-storey building offers the possibility to prefabricate the walls individually. Afterwards the elements are fixed on the concrete foundation. On this main structure a second is

A compromise must be made regarding the choice of building material. The combination of materials that found in the immediate vicinity and imported semi-finished parts makes sense. The reinforced concrete floor slab and the corrugated iron roof protect the building from moisture, which is essential for the durability. The woven facade is based on local crafts and can be made by the people living in Kashenshero.

traditional crafts

local wood

woven papyrus facade

local craftsmen

INES SCHLECKER

SML

TYPE M

141

DETAILS

142

N

S NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION

1

2

NING/ WORKSHOP AREA

HER EDUCATION/ LECTURE

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION

WN COUNCIL MEETING

10 - 40 PEOPLE 3

60 - 100 M²

E

REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

2 - 8 H DURING DAY REMOTED FROM STREET REFERENCE TO SHOPS EXPANDABLE M 1:20

WORKSHOP AREA LOCKABLE STORAGE OUTDOORSPACE

TEGY

TWO-LAYER-ROOF VENTILATION SHADING ELEMENTS

1 ROOF

2 FACADE

3 GROUND

TIN ROOF

LAMELLO

LINSEED OIL

LATHING

PILLAR

STRAW CLAY

BEAM WOVEN MESH

TRUSS SILL

CONCRETE FOUNDATION GRAVEL

OUTDOOR EXTENSION NORTH - SOUTH

FUNCTION façade section INES SCHLECKER

SHADED WORKSHOPAREA

SML

TYPE M

BUILDING ENVELOPE

143

1

OPENINGS

The lamellae structure encloses the entire 3 building. However, there are different opening elements depending on usage. There are large entrance doors, which can beROOFING opened completely to connect the indoor to the court and life outside. Other elements can be slid up and allow a free workspace, which is as M 1:20 well shaded from the panels like a small roof.

The sliding elements are all constructed 3 GROUND 2 FACADE 1 ROOF according a simple principle with can be imiLINSEED OIL TIN ROOF LAMELLO tated easily and without specialSTRAW hinges.

CLAY LATHING PILLAR

The facade is not a classic building envelope.

In stead of closing the building, it creates a smooth transition between the exterior and ION TO WINDDIRECTION the buffer zone.

2 The facade is the identity of the building. It determines both the comfort in the interior and the appearance of the building.

PANELS

The woven panels are attached to the supports at three different angles. The more direct sunlight is directed at one side of the building, the more closed it will be. In the east and west, the elements are mounted at 60° so that they overlap and allow diffuse light into the interior. Areas with lower irradiation are 3 REDUCTION provided with 30° panels. On the north and ST / WEST FASSADES south facades, the slats are almost horizontal with an inclination of 8°. In addition to the solar radiation, the inclination of the panels depends on the wind. Panels lying in the wind direction are opened further. Fortunately, the M 1:20 two factors of minimum radiation and maximum ventilation can be complied very well.

3 GROUND 2 FACADE 1 ROOF

BEAM WOVEN MESH

TRUSS SILL

CONCRETE FOUNDATION GRAVEL

LATHING

BEAM

LINSEED OIL

TIN ROOF

LAMELLO

LATHING

PILLAR

STRAW CLAY

BEAM WOVEN MESH

TRUSS SILL

CONCRETE FOUNDATION GRAVEL

SLIDING ELEMENT

TDOOR EXTENSION NORTH - SOUTH 8°

30°

60° SHADING ELEMENTS

AUFSCHIEBEN 1

SLIDING ELEMENT

1.1

O WEST SIDE - RADIATION SPACE TO MIDDLE AREA

8°

1.1 1.2

sliding element lamellae angle

TILT ANGLE

1.2 PILLARS

30°

AUFSCHIEBEN 2

60°

AUFSCHIEBEN 1

TRUSS

INES SCHLECKER ZONING

SML

TYPE M WOVEN PANEL

144

OUTDOOR AREA

COURTYARD COMMUNICATION

CARPENTRY

FLOORPLAN

COURTYARD COMMUNICATION

BAKERY

M 1.50

TYPE M

SML

INES SCHLECKER

CORE PUFFER ZONE

WIND FROM SOUTH/WEST

CLASS

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÃ&#x2013;NNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

Floor plan/ Carpentry/Classroom

FLOOR PLANS & SECTIONS

145

The arrangement of the buildings creates different court situations. Some of them are connected and form communication areas. So the exchange between the trades is possible.

Other courts are more private and can be used as extended workspace. The whole area is planted with trees to generate a shaded space.

VIEWS

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÃ&#x2013;NNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

Floor-plan Bakery/ Section

SUN

SECTIONS

INES SCHLECKER

SML

TYPE M

21 Jun - 14:00

SOLAR

146

TYPE L

147

Lea Wiedemann

The third type of series is Type L. A meeting hall with a variety of specifications was required.

It should be able to accommodate groups of 15 to 500 people. The usage period varies a lot. In everyday life, rooms for choir and dance rehearsals should be available. At the same time the place should fulfill the quality of stay of a village center, where the inhabitants can meet informally. On public holidays large-scale events of the parish are to take place there, to which up to 500 persons from the surrounding villages arrive. Also for private parties and weddings to be created space that can be rented by the villagers.

In order to fulfill the requirements, the most rudimentary conditions are investigated: the most important is the protection against sun and rain. In principle, a large roof would already meet these needs. A zoning of the covered area gives the opportunity to better meet the requirements of the different events. As with the other two typologies, the cover - core system is used. The cover protects against sun and rain. It is accessible to the residents at all times and forms the buffer zone between inside and outside. The two cores are the protected indoor spaces.

LEA WIEDEMANN

SML

TYPE L

PROCESS

148

L N

S NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION

COMMUNITY CELEBRATION

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION

PUBLIC MEETINGS PRIVATE EVENTS

USERS

20 - 300 PEOPLE

SIZE

200 - 300 M²

PERIOD OF USE

4 - 10 H IRREGULARY

LOCATION

REVERENCE TO MEETING PLACE

PROGRAM

ASSEMBLY HALL STAGE KITCHEN STORAGE TWO-LAYER-ROOF OPEN STRUCTURE FOR VENTILATION

CLIMATE STRATEGY

REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

ADAPTION TO CONTEXT INDOOR - OUTDOOR ZONING

FUNCTION

ATTRACTION POINT PUBLIC PERCEPTION CORE ADAPTED TO WIND

VILLAGE SQUARE QUALITY OF STAY

COMMUNITY CELEBRATION

ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

requirements type L LEA WIEDEMANN

SML

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

TYPE L

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGA

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

The hull area serves as a sheltered outdoor space that can be used for the daily meeting of villagers, as a stage for performances or as an extension area. The inner cores are the more protected areas. The larger core is a multi-functional room.

There can be readings, PROCESS choir rehearsals, courses, small concerts. In the smaller core is a kitchen located. There, catering can be prepared for major events such as a wedding. In everyday life it can be used as a bar where drinks can be consumed during a football broadcast.

The idea is a big roofed zone to protect the people from sun and rain. The assembly hall is a place between inside and outside, because life in Uganda, in Kashenshero takes place outdoors.

L

149

CONSTRUCTION

N

SHAPE

The shape of the building is based on the climatic requirements. The west and east facades are kept as small as possible in order to avoid direct sunlight for the most part. The cores are arranged so as to allow passage through them to the street.

S NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION

PROGRAM COMMUNITY CELEBRATION

The type L is mainly used for community celePUBLIC MEETINGS brations, public meetings and private events.

PRIVATE EVENTS

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION ROOFING

LATHING

PROCESS

L

CONSTRUCTION USERS

20 - 300 PEOPLE

SIZE

200 - 300 M²

PERIOD OF USE

4 - 10 H IRREGULARY

DETAILS

REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

BEAM

8°

N

LOCATION

REVERENCE TO MEETING PLACE

PROGRAM

ASSEMBLY HALL STAGE KITCHEN STORAGE

S NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION CLIMATE

STRATEGY

30°

60°

TRUSS

TWO-LAYER-ROOF OPEN STRUCTURE FOR VENTILATION

ADAPTION TO CONTEXT INDOOR - OUTDOOR ZONING BEAM

FUNCTION

LATHING

ATTRACTION POINT PUBLIC PERCEPTION

UNITY RATION

CORE ADAPTED TO WIND

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION ROOFING

EETINGS

CEILING

EVENTS VILLAGE SQUARE QUALITY OF STAY

20 - 300 PEOPLE REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

200 - 300 M²

LATHING

PILLARS

COMMUNITY CELEBRATION BEAM

ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

4 - 10 H IRREGULARY REVERENCE TO MEETING PLACE ASSEMBLY HALL STAGE KITCHEN STORAGE TWO-LAYER-ROOF OPEN STRUCTURE FOR VENTILATION

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

TRUSS

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO U

ADAPTION TO CONTEXT INDOOR - OUTDOOR ZONING BEAM

TION

LATHING

ATTRACTION POINT PUBLIC PERCEPTION CORE ADAPTED TO WIND

design process VILLAGE SQUARE QUALITY OF STAY

LEA WIEDEMANN

CEILING

SML

TYPE L

150

LOCATION PLAN

N

SECTION A

W

REFLECTING ROOF

E

W

IN

D

CROSS VENTILATION

PUFFER ZONE

SHADED INDOOR SPACE

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

M 1.50

S

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

M 1.100

SECTION B

HOT AIR OUTLET

CROSS VENTILATION

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

M 1.50

climate sections LEA WIEDEMANN

SML

TYPE L

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT

151

21 Dec - 13:00

max 28°C

21 Dec - 12:00

21 Dec -14:00

The cores form the thermal mass of the building. The temperature difference between day 15°C and night is about 10 degrees.

This situation The quality of stay shouldmin correspond to the W E can be used MARCH excellently as cooling. The theratmosphere of a soft shade of trees and still give the protective feeling of a building. So the mal mass of the clay wall works as a buffer. It strategy is to create a space that is protected cools the room passively during the day. The from the direct sun and at the same time very shell prevents the core from heating up so it 10°C stays cool for as long as possible. well ventilated.

21 Dec - 10:00

21 Dec - 16:00

~ 21°C

21 Dec - 18:00

21 Dec - 8:00

21 Jun - 13:00 21 Jun - 12:00

21 Jun - 14:00

21 Jun - 16:00

21 Jun - 10:00

21 Jun - 18:00

COVER

DAY

ROOF

NIGHT

The shell consists of facadeNelements that are horizontal at a certain angle. They protect against direct sunlight and create a pleasantly diffused light in the intermediate zone. At the W E same time, the semi-open facade structure enables air fl ow. This ventilation is essential for the hot and humid climate in Kashenshero.

S

CORE

21 Jun - 8:00

W

E JUNE

The roof of the meeting hall is designed as a double roof. The upper roof sheet made of corrugated iron protects the building from the rain. To avoid heating up the interior, there is a second layer. It is made of woven papyrus elements. The upper quickly heating roof skin W E made of metal can not radiate into the interior DECEMBER . Between the layers, the buffer zone is free to fl ow in the air . By heating this area a suction is created, which allows a faster air exchange.

21 Dec - 13:00 21 Dec - 12:00

21 Dec -14:00

21 Dec - 10:00

21 Dec - 16:00

21 Dec - 18:00

21 Dec - 8:00

SUN

COVER

WOVEN PANEL

TEMPERATURE

CORE

THERMAL MASS

WIND

COVER

WOVEN PANEL

RAIN

SLOPED ROOF

CORRUGATED SHEET

climate strategies LEA WIEDEMANN

SML LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

TYPE L

152 8°

N

30°

60°

S

NORTH - SOUTH ORIENTATION

ADAPTION TO WINDDIRECTION ROOFING

LATHING

REDUCTION EAST / WEST FASSADES

BEAM

TRUSS

ADAPTION TO CONTEXT INDOOR - OUTDOOR ZONING BEAM

LATHING

CORE ADAPTED TO WIND

CEILING

PILLARS ZONING 3 PHASES OF BRIGHTNESS

structural concept LEA WIEDEMANN

S VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

SML LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

TYPE L

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

MATERIAL

153

A compromise must be made regarding the choice of building material. The combination of materials that found in the immediate The construction principle is designed in a way that it can be implemented with local ma- vicinity and imported semi-fi nished parts makes sense. The reinforced concrete fl oor terials and possibilities. The given local conditions and traditional methods are exhausted slab and the corrugated iron roof protect the and rethought. Many old proven principles can building from moisture, which is essential for the durability of a public building. All other be taken up, adapted and reinterpreted. materials come from Kashenshero and can also be processed there. It is very important CONSTRUCTION to promote the local building materials as The constructive principle of all types is sim- several kinds of wood and clay as a worthwhile resource. The forgotten qualities are ilar, but is redefi ned due to the varying span reused and appreciated. widths. The assembly hall requires beams of at least 15 m in length. These spans can only be achieved with local cross-sections by using truss girders. These are placed on columns that are slightly indented on the fl oor slab. Together with the girders, they form the primary structure that holds the roof. The shell (woven facade panels on external pillars) is the secondary structure.

traditional crafts

local wood

woven papyrus facade

local craftsmen

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RÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

facade section LEA WIEDEMANN

SML

TYPE L

BUILDING ENVELOPE

OPENINGS

The facade is not a classic building envelope.

In stead of closing the building, it creates a smooth transition between the exterior and the buffer zone. The facade is the identity of the building. It determines both the comfort in the interior and the appearance of the building.

PANELS

The woven panels are attached to the supports at three different angles. The more direct sunlight is directed at one side of the building, the more closed it will be. In the east and west, the elements are mounted at 60° so that they overlap and allow only diffuse light into the interior. Areas with lower irradiation are provided with 30° panels. On the north and south facades, the slats are almost horizontal with an inclination of 8°.

CESS

155

The lamellae structure encloses almost the entire building. However, the north facade is cut out towards the square in order to create an inviting entrance situation. The facade elements are only located there from a room height of 3 meters. Pivoting opening elements are provided on the south facade.

These can be opened in order to create targeted intensive ventilation. For large events, the elements can also be used to switch on the outdoor area in the southwest of the building.

CONSTRUCTION

DETAILS

8°

30°

60°

ORIENTATION

DETAILS

8°

30°

60°

INDDIRECTION ROOFING

LATHING

1.1

CTION FASSADES

O CONTEXT DOOR ZONING

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REFLECTING ROOF

PUFFER ZONE

SHADED INDOOR SPACE

FLOORPLAN

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B

M 1.50

SECTION B

HOT AIR OUTLET

KITCHEN

STORAGE

FUNCTION ROOM

CROSS VENTILATION

STAGE A

A

M 1.50

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LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

M 1.50

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SOUTH VIEW

SOUTH VIEW

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EAST VIEW

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

M 1.50

EAST VIEW

LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

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LEA WIEDEMANN, INES VIOLA SCHLECKER, LEA EICHELBRÖNNER - STUDIO UGANDA SS2019

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day and night elevation LEA WIEDEMANN

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MARKET SQUARE LAURA LEHLE SAMIA MATAR

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Samia Matar Laura Lehle

1.1

INTRODUCTION The new St. Gabriels community center in Kashenshero, Uganda, is constructed like a market square, where the people of the community come together and meet for several reasons. It is a place, where new skills and information are exchanged and educated to support the growth of Ugandas economy in a long term. New opportunities are opened up considering studying, research and how to do business. Combined with the skill center, the market square is a social meeting point, where leisure time can be spent. The car and boda boda-free zone allows networking in a quiet place, framed of the surrounding buildings with the large connecting timber roof. The intermediate spaces between the buildings invite to interact in between and support the high signifi cance of being outdoors for working, chatting or just pausing. All in all, the market square of Kashenshero is a project, which strengthens the identity of the community, animates to participate and the care for each other.

1.2 Visualization Market Square

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MARKET SQUARE

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site plan

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1.3

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

MASTERPLAN CONCEPT In Kashenshero, the site forms the center of the village. The site is close to the church and the bustling commercial center.

A secondary school is next to the street, the school is designed as a conversion and forms a courtyard.

The surrounding buildings have a typical structure in which the houses are distributed over a large area. The agricultural community is growing in population density, which is refl ected in the core of Kashenshero and the denser development. In the planned property, the existing house structures are absorbed and thought further.

The property is located on a trade route which will be expanded by 2040 according to "Uganda vision 2040". The road should connect Mitooma and Rukungiri to provide better transportation routes and improve infrastructure for the people of Kashenshero and the district and beyond.

The property is also located at a central hub and in the vicinity there are public buildings.

The knowledge for agriculture should continue to be trained and optimized. The aim of the agriculture-concept is to cultivate new plants, such as bamboo, to gain a better understanding of how to process and optimize the economy.

In the Masterplan, the buildings are arranged as the typical development in Uganda. They are oriented to the street and form a courtyard that acts as a market-square. The big roof protects all the boxes and close almost the courtyard. An association with the perimeter block development. The big roof as the magnifi cent element and the boxes as less important are the result of the design concept, as a structure in a less-built-up area. The outcome was the understanding of living together, the culture and the climate- and its effects.

1.4 figure ground plan

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164

bank shop bar event hall

water kiosk library bakery 1.5 space program

kitchen

1.6 accessibility

1.7 Extension possibilities

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MASTERPLAN

PROGRAM

ACCESSIBILITY

SPACE PROGRAM

The space program is a variety of everyday needs and considerations of activating the place to support education, opportunities and visions. In an agriculturally infl uenced space and places are needed for experimenting and researching. For this purpose, new workshops are to be created. A new common kitchen as meeting area and learning place.

The focus is always on the coming together and gather. Furthermore, kiosks will be available for the necessities and a small pharmacy, an Internet cafĂŠ for international exchange and research. An entrance zone designed as a pavilion with generous sheltered roof. In the pavilion, the residents of Kashenshero get attracted at the fi rst station at the water kiosk and are supplied.

This water kiosk is self-suffi cient by the water cycle and offers work. The inhabitants are activated and entertained by several stations.

There is an event hall and next to it a sports bar. In addition, there is a bank that provides a degree of independence and a library for acquiring skills and a retreat for students.

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The property is zoned into an entrance, an exit and a connection to the outdoor event area.

The entrance is at the head of the property and on the street. In addition, at this point is a junction of the streets and pulls people into the market-square. Having arrived at the center, the exit is found towards the terrain to the road at the physical end. In the space between event hall and sports bar, a path is zoned wide and connects the open event place.

EXTENSION POSSIBILITIES

The extension of the development is divided into several phases. In the fi rst phase a part of the roof complex will be built and then the second part. The buildings below can be built in the next phases. Box for box. This system can be used indefi nitely and can be connected to the new building complex.

In another situation, the concept / system can be more variable and be thought of being double and divided or added in small or large structures.

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

166

2004

25 Mio 2018

42 Mio 2050

115 Mio

uganda population

MEETING SPOT WATER KIOSK

rooftop collection

kashenshero public taps

underground water cistern

14.6 % get water from public taps

filter process

solar powered water pump

water kiosk sambia

water tower

bathing

cooking

washing

drinking

MASTERPLAN

MARKET SQUARE

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

1.8

water-cycle

ECOLOGY BUILDING MATERIAL

In the Area, a lot of eucalyptus Wood is available, which will be used and other stronger wood from the area. It is mainly dry clay and wood. For the construction of the roof are no metal connection planned to provide high costs. So the traditional wood crafts from Germany can be re-cultivated in Uganda. The collaboration of the traditional techniques with wood and the knowledge of environment and nature creates the aim of this project.

2nd and 3rd clarification stage is taken over by bacteria and sedimentation.

Plants provide a habitat for bacteria.

Gray water can still be treated by UV filter to process water. The black water can be used for the biogas plant and thus generate electricity.

WATER CYCLE:

Gray water is outwards through channels and led underground in the cistern> If required, solar pumps can push the water up into a water tower - Before pushing the water into the Water-tower, the filtering process started through SUSTAINABILITY Use: washing dishes, cooking, cleaning.

More difficult for drinking water: a UV filter The cultivated plants for instance bamboo must clarify the water can be used for construction,pipes or fur- Black water: sewage treatment plant niture. It can be prepared at the workshops. high economic targets for 2040 in energy and The garden are used for education and for the water supply (in terms of population growth Kitchen. In the small shops the vegetables 3.7% annually) can be sold. The Drainage of the plants is > Central water supply extremely important caused by a solar pump.

Promoting the development of water pipes with the project (in Kashenshero currently 2 ENERGY AND WATER public taps, of which only 14.7% of the population of Mitooma get their water) The sewage can be through a decentralized Planned solution: new water kiosk as a point of sewage treatment plant Sediment filter attraction and meeting place system Wastewater passes through the three treatment stages in the continuous flow principle Membrane filtration. After the 3 clarification phases is filtered through a membrane Wetland/plant clarification

Advantages of the clarification: Constantly controlled operations Constant control of the purified water Constant maintenance Reliable system Cheaper in operation Direct energetic sewage sludge utilization possible Reuse of filtered out sand & gravel can treat heavily polluted water

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

Disadvantage Sewerage network necessary Sewerage requires maintenance Mixture of water with different degrees of pollution Partly heavily polluted sewage sludge

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

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168

MARKETSQUARE Samia Matar Laura Lehle

Modell 1:200 Market Square

INTRODUCTION The newly planned Community Center should create identity and strengthen the sense of community. A center that will also work in 20 years . It is designed to integrate all cultures, tribes and religions and participate every family, old man and graduate and every farmer. In the Community Center should also provide education. There are different strategies. The education and the know-how are promoted in different areas. For example, in the library, Internet cafĂŠ or the experimental garden. The community center is a central place for participation, education and production. Through the space program and the complexity of construction and the understanding of living together in a community, these attributes are fueled to a result.

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LOCALIZATION

170

b-b

6

72

a-a

7

72 a-a

b-b

724

723

722

ground floor

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MARKET SQUARE

CONCEPT

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT The design deals with the topics of living outside and inside. The emphasis was on the elaboration of a likeness of these two life forms and simultaneously with their hierarchy. Through the master plan, the buildings were set and oriented by the climatic analysis. In the center of the plot is the marketplace, which creates a space that can take the speed of the street and life can take place. A place for everyday life. The wind fl ows through the spaces and through the marketplace. The common roof over the building allows shadowed whereabouts. The roof and the building is designed in a way that it follows the topography and the building is embedded in the slope. The different levels are used for the route guidance. Ramps open up the space and enable a high quality of stay.

The pavilion serves as the entrance gate and the event hall as the physical end. The roof is placed that the boxes can be pushed under it in a grid of 6x 1m.

S.MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

This creates an equality between Intermediate-space and closed space. The ridges of the roof are each above the intermediate space to ensure more quality of stay.

The boxes are the only closed elements and in the background.

The boxes sit on plateaus and are connected by ramps on the square or over steps. The boxes open to each other and interact with each other. The focus is on the effective community and the strengthen the idea of a community beyond the district. At the Market-square People are learning, eating and living together.

MARKET SQUARE

CONCEPT

171

172

permeable ceiling eucalyptus laths allows hot air to get out of the room at night

rain gutter rainwater collector leading to underground cistern into the water circle

solar energy PV panels to collect solar energy for e.g. water pump concrete floor keeping rooms cool open pavillion with natural ventilation, high roof ridge (7m) for stronger temperature stratification pavillion maintains water kiosk fas meeting point and satisyfying human needs

CLIMATE CONCEPT

MARKET SQUARE

S.MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

high roof ridges hot air gathers over buildings and can escape through roof openings in wind direction openings wind from S-W direction provides trees pleasant breezes to intermediate natural shading spaces and allow natural ventilation

roofing system big overhangs to all orientations to prevent direct sunlight

brick wall thermal mass daytime: keeping inside cool during usage hours nighttine: giving heat off

climate section

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT

173

The orientation is along in north-south direction. Open ends of the roof allow constant ventilation. The intermediate spaces are not completely ventilated. In this case, an adaptation of the architectural concept was inserted in the roof openings.

The roof shape favors ventilation by following the topography (wind rises and enters the next building). The roof structure, which makes the climate in the space as well as in the building itself comfortable.

The warm air of the close areas rises through permeable ceiling (eucalyptus boards) and gets out. The high ridge over the intermediate space gathers the warm air and by design a height, is a greater range of air stratifi cation possible.

The metal layer allows a good low E value. The metal stores the heat and gives it only over conduction (low heat radiation). The clay wall with its thermal mass is supportive (saves the heat during the day and returns it at night when the room is not used).

The wide overhangs by the self-suffi cient roof provides a good shading of the facade and the intermediate space. (refer to" View from Sun") Collection of solar energy via PV system, e.g. can be used for the water-cycle.

25 Mio

42 Mio

115 Mio

2004

2018

2050

uganda population

1.1

14.6 % get water from public taps kashenshero public taps

1.2

water kiosk sambia

1.3

MEETING SPOT WATER KIOSK

1.1 uganda population growth (3,7% per year) 1.2 two public taps in kashenshero joint serving only 14,7 % of Mitoomas population 1.3 example of waterkiosk in Sambia

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CLIMATE CONCEPT

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1

2 3 4

5 6

19

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roof ridge with dovetail joint M 1.25

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A-Pillar base point with steel footing and mortise joint M 1.25

roof ridge with dovetail joint M 1.25

1.1

1.2

1.1 detail: roof ridge with dovetail joint 1.2 detail: A-pillar base point with steal footing and mortise joint 16

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MARKET SQUARE

CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

The complex sits on a concrete slab and the foundations are made of local stones.

The constructive connections are as carpentry executed except the A-pillars foot detail.

The architectural concept of a self-suffi cient They must have a steel beam shoes for splash protection reasons. roof, which has a huge powerful charisma is The construction of the boxes consists of an important aspect for the construction.

The construction of the roof is accompanied local masonry with air-dried bricks in a block by the urban planning considerations and the assembly. The mud bricks are present in Kashenshero. climatic requirements.

The sloping rafters of the roof structure form The visible roof on the boxes are eucalyptus crossed frame elements that are leaned lattices. They are placed at a distance of against each other.

10cm on the masonry. The battens support In order to support the self-suffi ciency, the roof is not placed on the boxes, but on A-pil- the sense of space and the acoustics, in addition they are indispensable for safety reasons lars, which allow free ground plan designs.

They absorb thrust and at the same time work and protective aspects. as furniture. (Part of the concept and not just the means to an end) The material for the roof is mainly eucalyptus wood, mined locally. Maximum possible dimensions of the timber in Uganda will most likely be exceeded, in this case is a division at points of purlins by overlapping laminated wood panels with counter possible. The battens for rear ventilation are placed on the frame elements. The outermost layer is a brightly placed metal cover with angled standing seam.

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CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT

175

176

December 21

June 21

March 21

8 am

9 am

10 am

5 pm

water cycle

6 pm

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CLIMATE CONCEPT

BUILDING ENVELOPE

OPENINGS

177

The openings of the boxes are generously open to the gap and to the market-square depending on the function. The openings are The facade is less important, than the idea to planned from wooden shutters and can be create one big roof for the people. The roof made on site and repaired in the workshop. and the A-pillars offers a high quality of stay.

At the retail shops the opening offers the Instead of close areas and its walls, the roof creates and provoked a interaction in between. opportunity to sell from the inside to the The exterior are more significant in this climate outside. The door shutters are on the side area. The big shelted roof is the identity of the of the intermediate space and allow more space and connect inside and outside. In the community center and initiates a community.

It determines the comfort in the interior, in the example of the kitchen and the sports bar many openings are wanted and possible. exterior and in the intermediate spaces MUD BRICK BOXES

The boxes under the shelted roof are free positioned. They are pushed under the roof and put back by the grid, so they are protected from direct sunlight and rain by the roof. The masonry is built in the block bond.

At the block bond, binder and runner layers alternate. The butt joints of the binder courses and the butt joints of the runner layers lie vertically one above the other. The block bond is used for wall thicknesses larger than 24 cm.

To provide the thermal mass, the boxes are on one longitudinal side opaque.

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CLIMATE CONCEPT

178

CONCEPT

MARKET SQUARE

S.MATAR — L. LEHLE

Maximaler Bereich für Inhalt (ausser Bildbeschriftung)

Breite ganzseitige Grafiken vertikal setzen, mit Oberseite Richtung Bindung.

part of ground floor

FLOORPLANS & SECTIONS

179

Elevation North

Elevation South

Section A

Section B

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MARKET SQUARE

CONCEPT

180

Modell 1:100

IMAGES

181

Visualization Intermediate space

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CONCEPT

182

183

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184

185

URBAN CORRIDOR HEBA MOSTAFA BENJAMIN ADOLPHI

186

shops bakery

SHOPS / TOWN SQUARE

bistro

Learning area

workshops/ accomodation

WORKSHOP & PRODUCTION COURTYARD

bank

workshops

WORKSHOP & PRODUCTION COURTYARD

workshops

t k e j o r P m Intro Tea

EVENTSPACE (BIG GATHERINGS)

hall

URBAN CORRIDOR

187

INSIDE OUT CONNECTION Benjamin Adolphi Heba Mostafa

N

W

O

W

O S

smaller building area in EastWest direction

small distances in east - west direction > self shading

openings in wind direction

mutual shading

1.1

INTRODUCTION Regarding to the climate analysis the most important aspects that should be considered are the orientation, the horizontal insolation, the ventilation and the shading. To protect the buildings from the exposed sun on the east and west facades the buildings are orientated south north but rotated a bit to be ventilated better from the south-west prevailing winds.

To strengthen the community and provide education and production areas the masterplan is divided into three areas: the town square, the workshop and production courtyards and the event-space. The idea is to create an interaction between all areas and to connect them all together.

1.1 Analysis and resulting driving idea

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URBAN CORRIDOR

MASTERPLAN

188

SHOPS BANK BISTRO BAKERY WORKSHOPS LABORATORIES PRODUCTION

HALL GATHERING

Orientierung north-south orientation

Orientierung

shifting because of site orientation

shifting because of site

shift to reach mutual shading and create courtyards in between

shifting Concept B. ADOLPHI — H. MOSTAFA > shading each

other creating areas in between

rotate 50° for better ventilation

split in smaller parts

cut

sh > cr

smaller blocks with bigger spaces in between > better accessibility

rotating URBAN CORRIDORventilation for better

shiftin site

MASTERPLAN

MASTERPLAN CONCEPT The training and community center for the St. Gabriel community in Kashenshero is intended to serve as a meeting point and place to strengthen local identity and development.

The education and the community should be strengthened through various uses such as workshops, production and teaching facilities and cultural events.

In order to enable interaction between all areas, the urban design is divided into three areas: the village and market square with the shops, bank, bistro and bakery, the workshop and production area and the event and gathering hall.

In the northern part of the site the village and market square, acts as a contact and meeting point. Due to its good accessibility and the direct access by the street, the daily activities can take place here. The shops with approx.

20m² of fl oor space should enable interaction between all zones through their arrangement and size and attract the inhabitants and visitors to explore the further uses on the site.

The workshop and production area is located on the middle level of the site.

Due to the close arrangement and the shifting of several parts of the building, inter-spaces and small courtyards are formed here.

This provides direct exchange between the workshop areas and creates spatial connections to strengthen the interaction. The shifted parts of the building also provide mutual shading between the buildings. The workshop areas are divided into three zones: the indoor space, for concentrated work, the roofed inter-space, for the pathways, and the outdoor space for direct interaction and communication.

The roofed pathway creates a direct access from the town square, through the workshop area and down to the event hall, hence creating a new street on the site that connects all areas together and provides good access between the zones.

The site declines to the south, therefore the three areas are at different levels and enable visual connections from the town square.

The buildings are orientated southwest in wind direction to achieve natural ventilation.

Inspiration inters-pace-exterior

Inspiration inter-space-interior

Inspiration interior

Inspiration interior

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URBAN CORRIDOR

MASTERPLAN

189

190

SHOPS / TOWN SQUARE WORKSHOP & PRODUCTION COURTYARD

EVENTSPACE (BIG GATHERINGS)

creating areas in between

N

Hall

workshops skills centre

hall

EVENT & GATHERING SPACE event area

WORKING AND PRODUCTION SPACE workshop, production area court yard

shops bank, bank, bistro bistro shops,

TOWN SQUARE town square

3 Zones B. ADOLPHI â&#x20AC;&#x201D; H. MOSTAFA

URBAN CORRIDOR

MASTERPLAN

PROGRAM

191

Workshop, Production

Shops, Bank, Bistro, Bakery

open in all directions

bigger working blocks, smaller spaces in between > bigger working areas, smaller spaces in between working together, learning from each other > better >working together, learning from each other > bigger working areas, smaller spaces in between communication better communication

small shops, spaces in between > for better open in all directions

>working together, learning from each other > better communication

accessibility

Innenraum Interior Innenraum

small shops, Event area bigger spaces in between > better accessibility Event area

Zwischenraum Inter-space Zwischenraum

Außenraum Exterior Event Space

open in all directions

open in allinner directions open in all directions, core that can be closed for private events

Außenraum

bigger working areas, smaller spaces in betwee each other >

bigger working>working areas, smaller spaceslearning in between together, from >working together, learning from each other > better communication outdoor space better communication > communication, collaboration, exchange > concentrated outdoor space next to building > spatial relations

Innenraum

Innenraum

Event area

Event area

Zwischenraum

Zwischenraum

Program distribution B. ADOLPHI — H. MOSTAFA

URBAN CORRIDOR

MASTERPLAN

Außenraum

192

21.03

21.06

21.12

07:00

07:00

07:00

09:00

09:00

09:00

11:00

11:00

11:00

13:00

13:00

13:00

15:00

15:00

15:00

17:00

17:00

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View from sun analysis B. ADOLPHI â&#x20AC;&#x201D; H. MOSTAFA

URBAN CORRIDOR

MASTERPLAN

CLIMATE CONSIDERATIONS

193

SUN PATH

WIND

The equator crosses through Kashenshero very close, which makes the sunlight shine the same way from above every day, and the temperature stable during the year. Therefore the buildings should be shaded well.

The length of the day does not vary substantially.

Regarding to the sun altitude and the wind direction the buildings are orientated to south-west. As the buildings are shifted they can shade each other and also create partially shaded courtyards.

As the sun elevation is very high at 11 am the horizontal surfaces should be covered to protect from the direct solar insolation.

In December the sun is inclined to the south as the building parts facing south should be protected in that period.

In June the sun is inclined to the north so the south parts of the buildings are shaded.

As the solar insolation is high on the horizontal there is an opportunity to harness solar energy.

Regarding to the site in Kashenshero the main wind direction is characterized from south - west depending on the local topography of the site.

Hence the wind direction is stable it offers an opportunity to use the wind for natural cooling.

By rotating the buildings about 50° to face the wind direction, they can be all ventilated as they are also on different levels.

Good ventilated indoor spaces are important because the humidity is very high.

Sun path and wind direction

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194

rainwater collected by the roofs

filtration to remove sand and dirt

cistern water is collected in underground water tanks

SANITARY USE

CLEANING

filtration solid matter settles, liquids flow on

natural wastewater treatment water is purified in a two step process before beeing released into nature again

watering plants purified water can be used to water plants

fish farm purified water fuels the fish pond constantly

shops, bank, bistro skills centre

WORKING AND PRODUCTION SPACE

Use of rainwater, waste water treatment B. ADOLPHI â&#x20AC;&#x201D; H. MOSTAFA

URBAN CORRIDOR

MASTERPLAN

ECOLOGY, OUTDOOR SPACES

OUTDOOR SPACES

The aim is to use the local resources from the site and take advantage from the high solar insolation and the heavy rains.

RAINWATER

The idea is to use the rain water for the sanitary and cleaning. The rainwater is collected by the roofs and subsequently fi ltrated to remove the sand and dirt from it. The water is collected in underground tanks and can be used for the sanitary and cleaning.

The plants can be irrigated by a waste water treatment system.

The water is purifi ed in a two step process before being released into the nature again.

The purifi ed water can be used than to irrigate the plants or to fuel the fi sh pond.

The site is connected directly from north to the street. Therefore there is a direct connection between the town square and the street, where people can meet and the everyday life takes place.

As there are roofed pathways in the workshop area they create a direct access from the town square, through the workshop area and down to the event hall, hence creating a new street on the site that connects all areas together and provides good access between the zones.

The workshop area is higher than the street level so there is just a visual connection between the street and the workshops to keep them protected from the street.

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Roofed inter-space

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OPEN_SEMI-OPEN_CLOSED Mostafa, Heba

The aim of the workshop areas are to strengthen local identity and the development of Kashenshero. The production and skills center should provide education and working opportunities for the community. Therefore the workshop area offers different uses as learning and lecture areas, weaving, carpentry and tailoring spaces to strengthen the local identity of Kashenshero by learning, producing and selling at the same place. Thus the community can learn from each other and improve their skills over time.

As the daily life in Uganda takes place outside, the workshop area provides different spaces between inside and outside. The closed indoor spaces are for the concentrated work, the shaded inter-spaces connects the areas together and allows the communication between the areas. By shifting the building parts shaded outdoor spaces are created to allow the direct communication, collaboration and exchange between all areas of the workshop space and create spatial relations. Open, semi-open and closed areas are created.

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TOWNSQUARE WORKSHOP COURTYARD WORKSHOP PRODUCTION COURTYARD

EVENT& GATHERING SPACE

creating areas in between

Hall

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skills centre

EVENT & GATHERING SPACE event area

shops bank, bank, bistro bistro shops,

WORKING AND PRODUCTION SPACE workshop, production area

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SHOPS / TOWN SQUARE

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ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

As the life in Uganda takes place outside the building the shifted building parts create smaller shaded areas in front of the building to sit outside and keep an eye on what's going on and chat with the others.

The concept idea is to create a connection between all areas on the site and to enable interaction and exchange between all spaces. PROGRAM By shifting the workshop area and creating shaded passages in between this connection The workshop area provides different spaces: is given. The outdoor and indoor spaces are there are learning, workshop and lecture connected together and interior, exterior and areas to teach new skills and practice. In the inter-spaces are created. carpentry, tailoring and weaving space skills By shifting the building parts mutual shading ca be taught and improved and goods can between the buildings is provided. be produced. This spaces can be open to the The roofed inter-spaces are connecting the courtyard. two parts of the workshop area smaller together bigger working areas, spacesand in betweenThere are also storage, accommodation and >working together,be learning fromto each other > toilet areas. serves as passages or could used combetter communication municate and spend time together during a break or by pathing through the area.

VAULTED ROOF bigger working areas, smaller spaces in between >working together, learning fromcreate each othera> The two parts of the workshop area Innenraum better communication big courtyard in between for the community Due to the high solar insolation on the horito work together and for a better exchange zontal surface and the high humidity the idea small shops, bigger spaces in between > better accessibility between all working areas.

The courtyard is to create vaulted roofs for the workshop Innenraum Zwischenraum can be used also to sell the products that are area. The taller roof enables a stack effect and small shops, bigger spaces in between produced. the hot air rises on top and provides a cooler > better accessibility Zwischenraum indoor space.

Außenraum Außenraum

open in all directions openopen in allindirections all directions open in all directions

Event area Event areaarea Event Event area

bigger working areas, smaller spaces in between >working together, learning from each other > better communication bigger working areas, smaller spaces in between bigger working areas, smaller spaces in between >working together, learning fromfrom eacheach other > > >working together, learning bigger working areas, smaller spaces inother between better communication better communication >working together, learning from each other > better communication InnenraumInterior Innenraum Innenraum Innenraum Zwischenraum Zwischenraum Inter-space Zwischenraum Zwischenraum

Außenraum Außenraum Außenraum Exterior Außenraum

Workshop Area

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The prevailing winds come from south-west.

Therefore the buildings are orientated to the wind direction to enable a good natural As the solar insolation and humidity is very ventilation. high the workshop areas should be well As the workshop are is on two different levels protected from the sun and provide comfortthe wind can go through all buildings and also able indoor areas that are good ventilated. It ventilate the courtyard. should also provide roofed outdoor spaces The openings are opposite to each other to during the rainy period in Kashenshero. provide a good cross ventilation.

The vaulted roof offers a taller ceiling as the SHADING hot air is on top and can be exhausted by the The workshop area is orientated to south and openings in the roof. north as the east and west facades are all year The openings in the roof provides also daylight. round exposed to the sun.

At about 11 am the sun is very high and the solar insolation on the horizontal area is very high. Therefore the roof should be protected from the sun.

As it shows in the view from sun analysis that by shifting the building there are always some parts which are shaded to sit outside.

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The optimal distance between buildings is the triple hight of the building hight > airflow can go down and up again

Fresh air

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BARREL VAULT

catholic roman architecture

TRADITION

CLIMATE STRATEGIES

round houses

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locally available

use of laterite soil from site

dig and mix clay

mold clay

hydraulic compressed earth blocks

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1 1 platform 2 lamellae windows 3 movable doors 4 brick walls 5 reinforced concrete beams 6 vaulted brick ceiling

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MATERIALS

The idea for the vaulted roof comes from the traditional roman architecture and from the traditional round houses in Uganda. As the vaulted roof is a good climate strategy for warm areas and provides well ventilated space and is traditionally build with brick. Brick has a high thermal mass and shift the temperature cycle between day and night and is and advantage for Kashenshero as there is a temperature difference about 10°C. STRUCTURE

The building has a platform the protect the building from the heavy rain periods. The walls are made out of brick and the doors are movable and made out of bamboo and can be open completely to connect the indoor with the outdoor. The lamellae windows are also made out of bamboo and can be open depending on the sun elevation.

The brick vaults lie on reinforced concrete beams.

In order to build in a sustainable way and in accordance with the location the workshop should be made out of Hydraulic compressed earth blocks. This bricks are non-fi red and are produced using the clay soil from the site to reduce production costs and protect the environment.

Hydraulic Compressed Earth Blocks are nonfi red bricks, produced out of a mixture of soil, clay, sand and water. They also contain less than 5 % cement to make them more resistant against water. The clay content needs to be between 15 and 30 %. The mixture, with a moisture content of approximately 10 %, is hydraulic pressed from two sides. They need to be cured for minimum two weeks while they are covered to maintain high humidity and temperature.

So the bricks can withstand the climate of both hot sunlight and heavy rainfall and create a cooler interior climate, too.

The idea is to use the bricks for the fl oor, walls and roof the integrate the building into the environment.

hydraulic compressed earth blocks

movable doors made out of bamboo

hydraulic compressed earth blocks

sun-dried earth blocks

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20-30 mm red earth layer mixed with cement to achieve a water proof and water resistant layer.

rain gutter

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opening for ventilation and daylight

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The facade is made out of hydraulic compressed earth blocks with the size of 29,5 x 9 x 14 cm.

The vaulted roof is covered with a 20-30mm red earth layer mixed with cement to protect the roof from the heavy rain and achieve a water proof and resistant layer.

The vaulted roof lies on reinforced concrete beams and has openings for ventilation and daylight.

The floor walls and roof are made out of hydraulic compressed earth blocks to integrate the building into the environment.

The windows and doors are made out of bamboo and can be opened for daylight and natural ventilation.

Opening for natural daylight and ventilation

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Experiments Membrane Roof H. MOSTAFA

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ROOF STRUCTURE As the solar insolation on the horizontal surface and the rainfall are very strong in Kashenshero, the idea is to protect the vaulted roof with a membrane structure. The membrane is a lightweight structure and can be introduced as a new roof structure in Kashenshero.

By combining the traditional brick vault structure with a modern membrane structure a new architecture is created.

It can be a low tech or high tech membrane structure depending on the skills and fi nancial means.

The advantages of a membrane are that it has a low wight, can be assemble easily, has a short construction period and is translucent.

There are membranes (e.g PVDF) which has a high light transmission, are UV-resistant, dirt- and water-repellent and do not absorb moisture.

Such membranes could be used as roof structure to protect from the high solar insolation and the heavy rains. And it also offers more roofed outdoor spaces for the workshop.

The simulation on the facade also proves that there is about 500kWh/m2 less radiation on the facade by covering the building with a roof.

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Warm air

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collect rain water

Potential of roof structure

Simulation radiation on south facade without roof

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Simulation radiation on south facade with roof

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Floor plan, longitudinal section H. MOSTAFA

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Model of the site

COURTYARD TERRACES

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BREATHING COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS Benjamin Adolphi

INTRODUCTION Supporting and promoting knowledge exchange is the main goal in these community workshops. Generating a space which is set back from the public to generate a community feeling but still open enough and accessible for interested individuals was therefore necessary.

The buildings are functionally and climatically optimized, considering a large variety in usage and providing large shaded outside space and enhancing natural ventilation.

Long known technologies and local materials are the basis for the introduction of three new building technologies. The design uses a repetitive and expandable structure for a simple building process which can act as a model or even generate a new building standard.

Accommodation space allows guests to stay on site for several days to receive training in different crafts and technologies.

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view into the workshop courtyards

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ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

SHAPE

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To use the available space as effi cient as possible and to minimize the use of material, the workshop buildings are built in two rows, each segment directly connected to the other.

THE AXIS This allows that most of the separating walls can be used for bearing load of two connected The workshop area is integrated on the plot between the public town square with bakery segments and therefore saves material. Every segment is built the same way, this makes and bank and the multi-purpose hall on the the whole process of building a lot easier and lower end of the site. A passageway allows faster. The roofs shape is generated through people to walk from the public area to the multi-purpose hall and experience the crafts- the special support structure system called "Zollinger-System". The roof is extended in manship when walking on the workshop direction of the courtyards to generate large courtyards without having to enter private sheltered terraces in front of the workshops. workshop space.

COURTYARDS

3 ZONES

Widely functional and adaptable workshop spaces are housed in two building rows.

In-between spacious courtyards are placed, generating shared outside space for the craftsmen community, The whole complex follows the given topography but levels the terrain in the areas needed, especially in the courtyards. These courtyards generate meeting space for the workshop community, give access to the workshops for delivery, and allow to extend the workspace for special work-steps, that need extension over the regular workshop space. To connect the workshops as much as possible to the courtyards, they are open-able to the courtyards on both sides.

Each Workshop has two large dedicated outside terraces to each side of the workshop.

The one in front is only separated by a small platform from the courtyard ground and therefore considered more public. The other on the backside has a larger difference in height to the lower courtyards and is therefore considered as the more private outside space for the craftsmen. The inside space of the workshops is kept rather small, since it is mostly used for storage of material and tools. The craftsmen are mainly working in front of their workshops, where they can work sheltered from sun and rain. This also allows the craftsmen to see, what others are doing, which promotes knowledge exchange.

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13h - 60° sun angle

thermally induced

AIR SUPPLY Cool and fresh air can flow from the shaded courtyard into the building

wind induced

NATURAL SHADING Trees in the courtyard provide additional shading and create their own microclimate which improves the overall air quality and temperature in the courtyards

LIGHT ROOMCEILING A light structure out of bamboo and eucalyptus mats protects to much wind pressing the warm air back inside the rooms, while still allowing warm air to pass through.

REFLEXION Wooden shingles provide good insulation from the sun. Galvanized metal sheets under the wooden shingles reflect a large part of the incomming radiation immediately, before they can even continue to the room ceiling.

OPEN STRUCTURE The building opens up to two sides with a light and porous facade and structure, which allows for good air change frequencies in the rooms

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main wind direction

WATER COLLECTION & TREATMENT rainwater collection plus natural purification plant as teaching facility

SPACING BETWEEN BUILDINGS The space between the buildings is 3x the height of the first building, this enables the wind to fully come back to ground level, after being elevated by the first building. This is crucial for a good ventilation of the second building!

climate concept in the section

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT Since the overall climate in Kashenshero is very decent with temperatures between 15 to 30°C, the main challenges for the buildings concerning climate are enabling a good ventilation of the buildings, protecting people from the strong, almost vertical sun during noon and thinking of solutions for potentially strong monsoon rain.

ORIENTATION TO THE WIND

The workshop buildings are oriented to the main wind direction. Most of the time wind comes from the valley, rising upwards the site from south-west direction. With this in mind, the buildings rooms were opened up as much as possible in south-west and north-east direction. This is done by the use of a porous facade structure with woven reeds. With this, a constant fl ow of fresh air, coming from the shaded outside spaces can enter the rooms.

The roofs pediment areas are oriented in the same direction, to maximize the air exchange and to fl ash off warm air collected under the roof.

The distance between the two workshop buildings is three times the height of the fi rst building, which makes sure, that air fl owing over the fi rst roof can reach ground level fully, before being blown up again by the next building. With this, we can maximize the air exchange in the courtyards and make sure, that the second row is fully ventilated without compromise. Topography also helps here with putting the second row of buildings higher than the fi rst row.

radiation simulation (whole year) North-East B. ADOLPHI

BLOCKING OUT STRONG RADIATION

Strong radiation coming from the sun is a topic, which mainly is of infl uence by the decision of form and materials for the roof. Large roof overhangs to both sides of the workshops guarantee shaded and protected space in front of the workshops on every day of the year. Dedicated sheltered spaces on both sides are necessary, since the sun comes from south as well as from north, depending on the time of the year.

Material-wise, wooden shingles are used for the fi rst layer of the roof, which with its three layers provide a good insulation and heat protection, especially compared to metal sheets.

Underneath the wooden shingles, a layer of metal sheets blocks almost any radiation coming from the sun, before they can continue too the room ceiling or to the roofed outside space. Air doesn't heat up under the roof, since most of the heat gain is already blocked by the wooden shingles. A light structure out of bamboo and eucalyptus mats is used as a room ceiling. This protects from to much wind pressing the warm air back inside the rooms, while still allowing warm air to pass through easily.

The walls of the dormitory area are much more enclosed and made out of rammed earth, to make use of the effects of thermal mass. This not only prevents overheating during the day, but can help to generate a more comfortable climate during the night, since people would feel to cold with outside temperatures.

radiation simulation (whole year) South-West

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THERMAL MASS Thick walls with high thermal mass are used on all sides for accomodation and dorms and on two sides in the workshop space.

This not only prevents overheating during the day, but can help to generate a more comfortable climate during the night, since people would feel to cold with outside temperatures.

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ROOFED INTERSPACE Space between the houses is roofed as well. It acts as passageway and connects courtyards, plus it creates more sheltered outside space

ROOF OVERHANG The roof is extended in direction of the openable facades, to extend the shaded space in front of the building

MAIN WIND DIRECTION

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COURTYARD Setbacks create sheltered spots in the workshop area, providing (partiailly) shaded outside space for sitting and working outside

FULLY OPENABLE FACADES Each workshop has dedicated outside space, where the room can easily be extended, because the facade is fully openable.

This also enables cross ventilation.

climate concept in the layout

water collection, usage and treatment make use of the topography

RAINWATER SYSTEM

219 rainwater collected by the roofs

Since Kashenshero has a very limited freshwater system and no sewage system, the collection, use and treatment of rainwater is a important part of the project with high educational potential. Water is collected by the large roof area, fi ltered and then used for different purposes, such as showering, washing of fl ushing of toilets, before treated in a two way process. The treatment process of the water is shown in the diagram on the left page. The water leaving the treatment is then safe to feed back into nature or can be used for watering plants or a fi sh farm.

filtration to remove sand and dirt

cistern water is collected in underground water tanks

SANITARY USE

CLEANING

SIMULATION

Various simulations proof, that the design works as intended. A shading simulation shows, that shaded space in front of the workshops is available all year round, even when the sun is low at least on one side. A radiation simulation (see last page) shows, that the radiation coming from the sun is 80% reduced in front of the workshops. A viewfrom-sun simulation shows the times when sunlight is shining on the buildings walls. After 10am until almost 5pm almost no sunlight is impacting on room-enclosing walls.

filtration solid matter settles, liquids flow on

natural wastewater treatment water is purified in a two step process before beeing released into nature again

watering plants purified water can be used to water plants

fish farm purified water fuels the fish pond constantly

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view fromFROM sun, simulation from March 21. 8am â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 7pm VIEW SUN MARCH 21 - 8-19h

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ROOF

GALVANIZED METAL SHEETS

WOODEN SHINGLES

STRUCTURE

EUCALYPTUS WOOD

ROOM CEILING

Reeds and Fibre REED MATS - "Ekirago" Bamboo, Eucalyptus offcuts, Papyrus reed mat (locally produced) ceiling

BAMBOO STRUCTURE

WALLS

RAMMED EARTH

WOVEN REEDS ON METAL GRID

CONCRETE

RAMMED EARTH FLOOR

FOUNDATION

exploded view of the buildings strucural system

Why Zollinger system?

Its a very simple structure, basically only made out of the repetition of two parts (see blue and red colored parts below). One rather thin wooden plank, a lamella, is the basis of the system. Only the tapering on the end of the lamella differentiates the two lamella types, each for one direction in the structural system.

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The advantages of the Zollinger system: Large span widths are possible with small and short wooden parts. 40% less amount of wood is needed compared to traditional roof trusses. A much greater part of the wood of a tree can be used, since the single parts don't need to be long. The wood species can be less load-bearing than the typical construction wood

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STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

mats. This perforated ceiling allows warm air rising from the rooms to pass through easily.

The vertical grid is also made out of bamboo.

Its main function is to slow down wind speed under the roof, while sill enabling consistent air change under the roof

ROOF

The roofi ng is a two layer design, consisting of wooden shingles on top and metal sheets underneath. The metal sheets main use is for blocking the radiation coming from the roof before entering the shaded space. Both materials allow for a light roof, which allows smaller sizing of the wooden structure. A pitch of the roof of at least 22°at any point guarantees a long life of the shingles.

WALLS

The roof structure is designed in the same grid as the layout of the building, which allows that most walls are structurally activated and work as room separation at the same time. It further leads to a pillar-free layout. Woven reed on a metal grid is used for the workshop-doors.

BUT WHY WOODEN SHINGLES?

FOUNDATION

Wooden shingles are a traditional roofi ng material in Europe, but haven't been considered in Africa jet. They are simple to make even by hand and if done right, a wooden shingle roof can last a very long time.

With the application of a shingle roof in my design, I want to introduce this technique to the local community and start a shingle-production in one of the workshops. Not much machinery is needed for the production.

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One structural system: A simple wooden structure generates a giant roof, which shelters a whole row of buildings and generates a lot of shaded outside space in front of the workshops. The use of the "Zollinger"structure system enables a pillar-free layout.

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Working with topography: The foundation of the building is made out of concrete. This guarantees a stable foothold on the steep site. Strip foundations are positioned under each load bearing wall. A 30cm thick rammed earth layer creates a fl oor for the rooms. Bricks are used for stairs and the walls facing the courtyard.

The function of the foundation platform is not only to provide a solid anchoring to the ground, but also creating the terraces to have leveled out courtyards and no stairs in the workshops.

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KEY 1 wooden shingles 2 rafter 3 sheet metal (trapezodial) 4 Zollinger-lamella (wood) 5 stringer 6 parabolt for stringer 7 water collection (roof gutter) with steel casing 8 dividing metal plate for offset between wall and stringer (for timber preservation) 9 rammed earth wall 10 3-layer bamboo structure 11 reed mats (ekirago) 12 saddle for room ceiling and joint with wall (wood) 13 separation layer 14 stripe foundation (ferro concrete) 15 rammed earth floor

ROOM CEILING Section Facade

A breathing room ceiling: The roofi ng of the room ceilings consists of a light bamboo structure, which is then covered by reed

joints with stringer, sitting on the walls

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Lamella joint with stringer

KEY 1 bolt with washers 2 wedge - pressing the lamellas in joint gap 3 first lamella 4 second lamella 5 v-shaped joint gap 6 stringer

Connection of the lamellas

KEY 1 connecting bolt with washers 2 drilled hole 3 slotted hole in the middle of the lamella

structural details of the Zollinger system

DETAILS

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KEY 1 wooden shingles 2 rafter 3 sheet metal (trapezodial) 4 Zollinger-lamella (wood) 5 stringer 6 parabolt for stringer 7 water collection (roof gutter) with steel casing 8 dividing metal plate for offset between wall and stringer (for timber preservation) 9 rammed earth wall 10 3-layer bamboo structure 11 reed mats (ekirago) 12 saddle for room ceiling and joint with wall (wood) 13 separation layer 14 stripe foundation (ferro concrete) 15 rammed earth floor

Section Facade

section detail of the facade, including the outer and inner roof

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Lamella joint with stringer

KEY 1 bolt with washers 2 wedge - pressing the lamellas in joint gap 3 first lamella 4 second lamella 5 v-shaped joint gap 6 stringer

Connection of the lamellas

KEY 1 connecting bolt with washe 2 drilled hole 3 slotted hole in the middle o

View of the more enclosed accommodation areas on the left, and a workshop with big openable doors on the right B. ADOLPHI

DETAILS

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BUILDING ENVELOPE

as possible. For example: clay soil is used for the thick rammed earth walls, which are used everywhere, when walls are being structural activated. They furthermore have high therThe envelope concept is refi ned on the differ- mal mass, which helps to delay the natural ent uses of the rooms: Light walls and struc- temperature change inside the rooms. Higher temperatures during the day have to fi rst warm tures are used, where people are working up the walls, before then being released to the during the day. This way, a constant airfl ow inside of the rooms. This way, that the warm and air exchange, as well as an easy outlet of warm air is provided. In the apartment and temperatures of the day are being released during the night. The walls have therefore a dormitory parts, a heavier structure out of cooling effect during daytime and a warming thick rammed earth walls help to regulate effect during nighttime. Another advantage is, the climate during day and night, providing that rammed earth walls are able to absorb a lot a pleasant room temperature also during nighttime and for situations with less physical of moisture and can therefore help to reduce high humidity inside the rooms. activity.

The use of wood is minimized with the Zollinger construction system, which not only LOCAL MATERIALS needs a much smaller amount of wood, but can use a much greater part of each tree, since The whole building makes use of as much local materials as possible. The strategy is to each part is relatively small and has to bear use them in an innovative way to improve and less load than typical wooden beams. use their qualities as much as possible and to minimize the amount of material as much

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sanitary dorm (female)

group accomodation (dorm <20 beds) workshop (small size)

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sanitary dorm (male)

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layout of the workshops

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FLOOR PLANS & SECTIONS

sheltered outside space, often with great views into the beautiful nature next to the site.

Generally, the courtyards are opened up to the south-western side, since this is the direction with the most beautiful views of the site.

T WO AREAS

The two buildings each provide space for workshops and accommodation. The workshop spaces are on the north-east part, where the passageway goes through. These areas are a bit more public and are also closer to the street, which makes deliveries of new material easier. The accommodation, which consists of two apartments on the upper building (a larger 4-bed apartment for longer stays and a smaller 4-bed apartment for shorter visits) and a 20-bed dormitory all are in the south-west part, and therefore in a less noisy, more private area, which is closer to the surrounding nature as well. Each of these accommodations have their own sanitary facilities and provide inside space for activities in the evening or during cold or rainy weather.

Large terraces are part of every workshop as well as every accommodation and provide

FLEXIBLE WORKSHOP SIZES

Workshop spaces are available in two sizes, a smaller space in half a building segment and a larger space occupying a full segment. This allows a great fl exibility in the different crafts that can take place here. The bigger segments can also be divided fi rst by non-bearing walls, until a business is ready to expand to a whole segment. Each segment always has a front-terrace and a backside-terrace, providing a spacious sheltered and shaded outside area, still under the roof. The large workshop doors can open up fully to these dedicated outside spaces and can extend the usable workshop space a lot. Generally, the dedicated outside spaces in front of the workshops are the main working areas for the craftsmen, since most people rather want to work in front of their workshops than inside.

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section A-A

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STUDIO UGANDA, 2019 | BENJAMIN ADOLPHI

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FO(U)R FAMILIAR ANJA GEIGER NATASCHA FAKLER

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MEDION Lifebeat P61074

Site Plan

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TRAINEE CENTER IN UGANDA Natascha Fakler Anja Geiger

IMPROVING ECONOMY

STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY

IMPROVING EDUCATION

1.1

INTRODUCTION The three aims of our design are to strengthen the community in Kashenshero by supporting the exchange of knowledge and techniques, thereby helping people to become selfemployed and enhance the economy. Currently, 70% of the Ugandan population is working in the agricultural sector, especially in rural areas. Nevertheless, agricultural yields correspond only a small part of GPD and agricultural products are imported from distant countries, e.g. cereals from Europe and South America.

To strengthen the local economy, knowledge and techniques should be mediated to local people in order to be able to plant these products themselves, whereby we have been particularly concerned with wheat. To demonstrate the production process from the beginning to the end, spaces between our four buildings are used as cultivation land. We build a mill for processing grain to flour and a bakery to finish the flour to bread. Theoretical knowledge about plantation is taught in seminar rooms.

1.1

Aims of Design

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1 WHEAT

1 CULTIVATION

4 SORGHUM VEGETABLES 2 FALLOW

3 VEGETABLES SPELT

2 PRO CES SING

CONTROL

PLANSIFTER

quality control of grain

sieve grain to get flour, dunst, semolina, grain

THRESHING

ASPIRATEUR

PURIFIER

separation of grain and chaff

separation by size and weight

sieve semolina, separation of parts of shell

HARVEST

TRIEUR

REDUCING ROLLS

separation of foreign seeds and round grain

break up the shell

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BAKING

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Wheat Concept GSEducationalVersion

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MASTERPLAN CONCEPT The functions are divided into four buildings, which are designed as bars.

TOPOGRAPHY

near the road. There is a public square with Boda-Boda Station and a water fountain.

Deeper in the property, the space becomes more private and is used as the exterior space for the gathering hall. This private area is delimited from the road by trees and power lines.

To the south of the gathering hall, open spaces are used exclusively as training grounds and the mill is only accessible from the street via a small courtyard.

These four bars follow the natural topography of the property in their orientation. Thus, they are screwed radially, so there arise tapered EXTERIOR surfaces in between. The slopping topography is fully used, mainly for educational cultivation. Open spaces are mainly used as arable land in the form of the four-fi eld plantation. To CULTIVATION compensate for the topography, there is natural terracing in which the steep side is plantAnimal- and Vegetable Bi-Products are both ed with fruit trees. Flat surfaces are primarily top products imported to Uganda. Especially planted with grain, but also vegetables. wheat with 2.1%. The main export countries The two squares should also be green in orfor wheat in Uganda are Russia (33%) and der to confront people here with the concept Argentina (28%). Because of the climate of the center. As shading elements there are responsibility we decided to cultivate wheat fruit trees. in this area. Uganda has well-suited climate conditions for wheat.

BUILDING CONCEPT For the right treatment of the soil it's planned a four-fi eld rotation system with wheat, fallow, To form a unit, the four bars follow a superior vegetables/spelt and sorghum/vegetables. concept regarding material, construction, This system can also be adapted to other ecology and climatic guidelines. Due to the plant species and should help to prevent different orientation of the buildings, these acidifi cation. specifi cations can be adapted to each building.

ORGANIZATION / ZONING The distribution of the bars over the entire property creates a zoning between public and private with the sloping topography. Public utilities such as bakery and bistro are located on the north-eastern side of the property,

Accommodation

Cultivation Area

Mill

Cultivation Area

Gathering Hall

Private Square

Oven

Bakery

Public Square

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PROGRAM

DISTRIBUTION

The four buildings are structured into accommodation, mill, gathering hall / seminar room and bakery. Seminar rooms can be connected to a gathering hall for events. In addition, we offer accommodation for seminar participants and event guests.

235

The distribution of the buildings on the property ensures the best possible work processes. Cultivation Areas - Mill - theoretical Knowledge - Bakery. Floor plans are as flexible as possible to accommodate different uses or can be enlarged and reduced as needed.

EXTENSION

If the property would be extended in southwest direction, especially cultivated areas can be extended. If required, other functions could also be added.

In the long term, however, external cultivated areas, like private fields from farmers in the area, will serve as areas for cereals that can be ground in a central mill.

BIOGAS

ACCOMMODATION

toilets reuse surpluses for generating heat

LEARNING

plant new types of cereals: wheat, spelt

mill for further processing to produce flour

seminar rooms learn how to do business / farming /

FINISHING bakery to get new products for the local market

SQUARE

PROCESSING

SQUARE

CULTIVATION

PUBLIC

PRIVATE

rooms for workers, seminar participants + event guests

WATER ACCESS POINT +

BODA BODA STATION

COMMUNITY gathering hall for holiday, community events,...

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WATER + SEWAGE

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ENER GY

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1.2 Energy Concept 1.3 Water and Sewage Concept

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ENERGY

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Since no public power supply can be guaranThe community center should function in both teed, the center should as much as possible produce its own electricity. Solar panels ways ecological and economical as well as are mounted on the mill tower. In order to self-suffi cient. save batteries, the current runs through the machines in the mill and only then stored or MATERIAL CONCEPT distributed to the other buildings.

As homogeneous buildings, all four buildings To produce heat, a biogas plant is operated with biomass from toilets, stables, etc. The are built with clay bricks and, if necessary, heat is used both for the oven of the bakery insulated with straw. and to dry the straw.

These building materials are local and have proven themselves over the years. However, in order to create a challenge for the residents, WATER AND SEWAGE the bricks should be used to form various types of vaults as roof shapes.

Rainwater is collected in a cistern and can be used after fi ltering. greywater is treated in a three-chamber system, black water also WHEAT ADVANTAGES comes into the biogas plant.

In addition to grain other products can be used for buildings. Straw and chaff can be used for insulation or burned it in a clint to make bricks more sustainable. Thus, no trees have to be cut down.

a. milling to flour sell raw product or bakery products

WHEAT GRAIN

b. milling to semolina sell raw product or cooking products

a. insulation for clay or ingredient in clay bricks b. animal strew strew stalls

WHEAT

CHAFF

a. burning clay bricks reducing fire wood

b. roof covering refer to traditional roofs

STRAW

c. animal strew strew stalls

Wheat Cycle

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Modell Photo

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1.4

1.5

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Modell Photo Masterplan Modell Photos Masterplan

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Visualization of Bakery

BAKERY

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Anja Geiger

The most public building is the Bakery. It is the entrance of the Community and Trainee Center and with its visibility, it represents the concept of the entire center: sharing knowledge. In the bistro, agricultural products that are cultivated on the site are sold in the raw state or further processed as bread in the bakery. New foods shall be established that will enable a more diverse diet.

The bakery also creates a new commercial center in Kashenshero, which is dealing experimentally with new food products.

The building of the bakery as a public center establishes a relation to the surrounding buildings with its structure from public to private: shop - living space - sanitary.

The building separates both squares, the public square with water access point and Boda Boda Station from the rather private place for events by its north - south orientation, but at the same time forms a connection between the squares through its openness.

It should be a place of gathering, meeting and fellowship. A profane counterpoint to the church, for example a gathering place after the mass.

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Building Structure A. GEIGER

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BAKERY

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

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MEETING The building is based on a grid with four elements, 3 that are closable and one that is completely open: this area functions as a public shaded space as a meeting and common room. Small seating niches for retreat or communication create a high quality of stay.

The bar is rather closed in north and west direction and only opened through a perforation in the brick wall. To the south and east, the facade is open or openable. On these sides a shaded pre-zone emerges, a transition from public to private.

FLEXIBILITY AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE Openable and closeable rooms allow a high fl exibility of the fl oor plan. A smaller room can be used as a daily bakery or for workshops or course events the room can be enlarged.

To foster the exchange, the bakery can be also visible from the bistro through openable elements. So the visitor is confronted with the concept of the center, he can see what is happening behind.

ROOF AND ATMOSPHERE The roof shape is a mixture of a shed roof and a vault. Massive parts are made out of clay bricks, the open side is a steel frame and slat construction worn. Most of the time, the slats cause indirect light falling on the clay brick wall, which creates a cozy, pleasant atmosphere inside the room.

S ALE

FINISHING

BAKING

C O OKING

BISTR O

final pro c e ssing of flour pro ducts get more diversity of fo o d

get the p ossibility to c o ol for c ommunity events like we ddings, holidays,...

create a me eting p oint at a c entral sp ot sell baking+c o oking and raw pro ducts

Function of the building A. GEIGER

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BAKERY

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Climate Section A. GEIGER

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BAKERY

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT THERMAL MASS

Through the use of clay bricks in a very wide thickness, a good temperature of the rooms can be generated. During the day, the wall stores the sun's heat and releases it at night.

At the same time, the cool air stored overnight is released into the room during the day.

VENTILATION

SLATS

245

The slats are inclined, so that the weaker morning sun shines directly into the room, but from 9 o'clock the sun is held out. The higher the sun is, the more often it refl ects and the less radiation comes into the room.

Rain water is collected in the troughs of the roof and dissipated laterally. In the case of vertical rain, the slats can be kept open and no rain comes in; in the rare case of horizontal rain, the slats can also be closed.

A natural ventilation in the room works automatically through the roof construction. The shed-vault construction creates a negative pressure in the cavities, so that the upper, warm air is drawn out of the room, while cool air enters into the room from below, from the shaded pre-zone. The height of the building also generates a better ventilation.

12:00 - 23째C

10:00 - 20째C

8:00 - 17째C

the higher the sun the more often it will reflect on the slats

the sun only reflects 2 times, no direct sun radiation inside

morning sun shines into the room with temperatures about 17째C

VERTICAL RAIN

HORIZONTAL RAIN

RAINWATER COLLECTION

slats will keep out vertical rain because of the slope

in case of horizontal rain, slats can be closed to keep water out

select rainwater through a rain gutter in deep points.

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Constructional Section A. GEIGER

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BAKERY

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

In order to accommodate the lateral vaulting forces, two walls are standing crosswise. The area between these walls is used as storage space, toilets or benches.

In a superordinate material and construction concept different principles were defi ned: All MATERIALS four buildings consist of brick masonry in the block bound and are build in vaults. The differ- When using materials, as few different as ent vault shapes differ. possible and, if possible, regional materials should be used.

CONSTRUCTION Walls and ceilings are solid and homogeSince brick structures usually can only absorb neously constructed from clay bricks. If necessary, concrete lintels are built to span compressive forces, tensile forces are absorbed by a steel grid. This can be, for example, larger spans. Openable elements and details a standard structural steel mat. The steel grid often consist of steel and wood. Otherwise, is inserted in the walls in the brick bound and no materials will be used. sealed with the mortar. The result is a new construction, which is also a challenge for the construction workers on site.

ARC CONNECTION

SLAT CONNECTION

hydrophobic barrier: cement 5cm clay brick arc 21,5 cm reinforcement mat grid 7,5 x 11 cm

wooden slats covered with weather proof glaze, cross section 3 x 70 cm steel pivot, diameter 2 cm steel substructure o I beams 289 cm, cross section 24 x 21 cm

wooden slats cross section 3 x 70 cm steel substructure 289 cm clay brick cross bond 45 cm openings: concrete lintel, cross sec. 21,5 x 44 cm steel frame 2,5 x 6 cm woodn sticks 6,5 x 4 cm GSEducationalVersion

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Floor Plan A. GEIGER

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FLOORPLANS & SECTIONS

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The floor plan of the bakery is very clear and simple designed. All inside walls are movable and generate different room sizes for different functions.

Rooms are free and flexible furnishable and thus free of function requirements. Exterior crosswise standing walls offer space for toilets, storage, water access and benches and continue the facade motive of colonnades.

Other walls and facade surfaces are designed homogeneously. The north facade is made of massive clay bricks with perforation while the south facade is set back, made of openable wooden-steel elements.

View West and South, Section A. GEIGER

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BAKERY

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Inside the Bakery

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Visualization of gathering hall and meeting place

GATHERING HALL

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Natascha Fakler

As the third step of our four step concept the gathering hall is located between the bakery in the north and the mill in the south. With its four big barrel vaults it's the boundary of the place and represents the sense of our concept. As it has the function of education, it's a very important point for learning, meeting and communication during the day as well as during festivals or other events.

The access to internet opens up entirely new possibilities and should encourage knowledge and communication.

Due to pure use of local materials with new construction ideas it has an exemplary function for other buildings in different scales. People can learn from it as the construction is hold very simple and clean.

N. FAKLER

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GATHERING HALL

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Building Structure N. FAKLER

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GATHERING HALL

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

SERVICING FUNCTION

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In the stiffening walls on the north-west and south-east sites functions like sanitary and storage is located. The toilets are like in the other three buildings in the back of the gathering hall.

The gathering hall is a long bar with northBeing more private and have a shorter conwest and south-east orientation. The facade nection to the biogas plant and the rain water is open on two sides and thus has a clear direction. As other buildings the gathering hall treatment. The storage is used for animal barn is based on a grid of four elements visualized and is hide behind big eucalyptus trees. in the four barrel vaults. The stiffening walls create space for supporting functions.

GATHERING HALL

The rooms for the gathering hall are equipped with a double us. On the one hand it's daily used for education. Lessons for the farmers and students on the training center with class rooms of 80qm. On the other hand if needed movable doors and foldable walls can generate a huge indoor and outdoor space for big events. Therefore doors facing the place can be hide and walls in the valley of the arches can be opened to the site. Due to sloping space, the assembly hall is ideal for lectures and services as well as other events. Benches in the inside and outside of the facade creates a welcoming space typical for Ugandan buildings.

LIBRARY

Next to the classrooms, separated by a corridor, is the library located. It's more on the private and quieter area, perfect for reading, learning and browsing. The library gets its diffuse light also due a light dome for a calm and continuous daylight. In addition the walls are perforated to get light and air inside, but to keep the private and introverted character

EDUCATION

LEARNING

READING

GATHERING

to gain more knowle dge to improve agriculture and to develop new ideas

a librar y as foundation of knowle dge and pro gre ss

op en the foldable walls for c elebrations, moveable do ors to op en to the big plac e

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Climate Section N. FAKLER

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GATHERING HALL

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT

257

THERMAL MASS

The gathering hall is build massive with clay brick walls. During the daytime 44cm thick walls keep the heat of the sun outside. During the night due cross ventilation the building gets cooled down again to have a comfortable indoor climate for lessons.

VENTILATION

13:05 16:00 10:00

18:00 8:00

Different openings like doors and windows and openings in the middle of the arc allow air to come in, if desired.

The window shutters and moveable doors can be opened during night time for cross ventilation to cool down the building.

21. März

At the highest point of the building the light dome is located. It has a double function. On 21. MARCH the one hand it allows to let heated light air go out and so regulates the air circulation for a pleasant indoor climate. On the other hand it generates a constant and bright light into the room. It breaks the sunlight to make a diffuse light ideal for learning and reading.

The light dome prevent rain from inside and is constructed very easy and with light materials to be easy replaced and reconstructed.

14:20

13:00

16:00

10:00

8:00

18:00

SHADING

The big overhanging roof shelters people from rain and creates, depending on time, 21. JUNE different shades. In the facade are setbacks for benches, which generates a quality of stay. Moreover the roof keeps the sun away from the vertical facade, so it doesn't heat up to much.

21. Juni

14:20

16:00

13:00

10:00

8:00

18:00

WATER AND ENERGY

As the accommodation the rainwater is collected and harvested due the valleys of the barrel values, after purifi cation it's reused for sanitation facilities.

Rainwater is harvested in the valleys of the roof construction and after purifi cation reused for sanitation facilities.

The Electricity is produced in the site located 21. DECEMBER biogas plant. Waste of the accommodation injected in the system to produce more energy.

21. Dez

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Constructional Section

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GATHERING HALL

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

or walls with foundation made of clayey brick stone with cement to be water resistant.

In the rooms the surface of the fl oor is rammed clay to make a warm and comfortable fl oor to walk on it.

CONSTRUCTION

The main construction element is as well as in the accommodation the characteristic barrel vaults. With the form of a reverse parabola, optimal for pure brick construction.

The parable arc is designed in a one layer brick with mortar joints and two layers for the attica. Upper conclusion is a hydrophobic mortar layer. And rain water is harvested due gutters in the valleys.

A special feature is a light dome at the highest point of the barrel vault for natural daylighting and ventilation.

Furthermore the walls are built with local clay bricks produced on the site and fi red with straw if necessary. The block bond system enable many benefi ts, for example installation for electricity and insulation due air chambers. If great openings needed, it's spanned with concrete beams.

For the fl exible and individual zoning moveable door systems generate different spaces.

MATERIALS

The material concept was also planned for all buildings: as few as possible and, if possible, regional materials should be used.

Walls and ceilings are solid and homogeneously constructed from clay bricks. If necessary, concrete lintels are built to span larger spans. Openable elements and details often consist of steel and wood.

The base construction undertakes the exteri-

2 3

2

3

1 4

1

4

5

6

1 light dome, translucent, rain water-repellent 2 substructure light dome, metal, selective 3 frame construction for openings, wood 4 light umbrella for sun light dispersion, metal substructure, light fabric sails, highly reflective

1 rain gutter, metal sheet, pleated, 2% tendency 2 mortar layer, vapor diffusive, weather resistant, 5cm 3 clay brick arc with mortar joint, 22cm 4 clay brick wall, block bond with air chambers for installation and insulation, 44cm

LIGHT DOME

RAIN CUTTER

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N Wa

O ff

te r

Wa

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Floor Plan

me

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Me

n O ff

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GATHERING HALL

FLOOR PLANS & SECTIONS

to generate the gathering hall and to widen the outdoor space with indoor space. Due this double use of the building walls need to be fl exible and moveable. Between the class rooms and the library is a course to connect the place with the mill building.

The single-story building is arranged as the other buildings in a aisle following the contour Furthermore storage and toilets are placed lines. Including a library and three class rooms between the stiffening walls on the right and left hand site. for the education. The rooms can be opened

261

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.1 Section short 1.2 Section long 1.3 South view

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Visualization of Mill and Cultivation Spaces

MILL BUILDING

263

Anja Geiger

As a solitaire at the southern end of the property, the mill tower already marks the community and training center from a distance. It represents an innovation of multi-storey construction and the technique of a mill in rural areas. The mill should help to establish new products by providing simplified processing options on site.

The technical renewal optimizes work steps. At the beginning only the most necessary machines should be used, and as the center is enlarged, the mill can be supplemented with additional machines that additionally speed up work processes. The mill is the core of the project as a symbol of innovation and strengthening of agriculture.

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MILL BUILDING

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Building Structure GSEducationalVersion

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ARCHITECTUAL CONCEPT

SUPPLIER BUILDING

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The supplier building houses various uses that belong to the mill. These include storage areas and silos, offices and covered outdoor work surfaces.

Like the bakery, the bar has a protruding roof that generates a shadowed pre-zone.

The mill consists of two buildings: the introverted, distinctive tower and a supplier building. Similar to the bakery, the floor plan is based on a grid of seven elements. Four grid elements are filled by the supplier building and two are filled by the mill tower. A space is created between the two buildings.

TEACHING PURPOSE

As in the bakery, the visitor should always be confronted with the content of the center.

Wherever possible, cereals are exhibited and The mill tower is three-storeyed to generate mill-work is presented as transparently as optimal work processes in the mill. An elevator possible. transports the goods upwards while the natural gravity is used to bring the grains through the machines.

The tower is characterized by small loopholes opening, which create an interesting light in the interior and framed views to the outside.

TOWER

2 PRO CES SING

CONTROL

PLANSIFTER

quality control of grain

sieve grain to get flour, dunst, semolina, grain

THRESHING

ASPIRATEUR

PURIFIER

separation of grain and chaff

separation by size and weight

sieve semolina, separation of parts of shell

HARVEST

TRIEUR

REDUCING ROLLS

separation of foreign seeds and round grain

break up the shell

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Function of the Building A. GEIGER

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Climate Section Day and Night Use A. GEIGER

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MILL BUILDING

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT THERMAL MASS

The Tower also works with thermal mass and wide wall thicknesses: During the day, the wall stores the sun's heat and releases it at night. At the same time, the cool air stored overnight in the room during the day. Small, always open windows generate a constant ventilation of the room.

TOWER VENTILATION

Openings can be opened during daytime use to ventilate the room. At night, the room is ventilated by small joints between the wooden slats in the doors.

In order to avoid air heating up in the building, a double roof structure should ensure constant ventilation under the roof. Perforations in the brick wall allow air to blow through the building.

VENTILATION SUPPLY CONSTRUCTION

A natural ventilation in the room works through the roof construction on the same way the bakery roof works. The shed-vault construction creates a negative in the cavities, hot air will be blown out and cold air comes in from the shaded front area.

WATER AND ENERGY

The upper roof construction has a metal cover with 2 ° slope. Through a gutter, the water is collected and directed into the cyst.

Electricity is produced in solar panels on the roof of the mill tower and distributed from there to the other buildings.

OPENINGS

VENTILATED ROOF

big elements for high ventilation (day use), joints between wood sticks (night use)

perforated clay brick bond on top of the building for a ventilated space

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RAINWATER COLLECTION

SOLAR PANELS

metal sheet roof with 2° slope to collect rainwater through a rain gutter.

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Constructional Section A. GEIGER

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MILL BUILDING

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION

The construction of the tower consists of massive brick walls in the block bound in Ugandan brick measure with 44 cm wall thickness. Small loopholes windows are spaned with brick lintels, for the large openings on the ground fl oor concrete lintels are used.

As in the bakery building, steel grid is placed in the vault structure in the supplier building in order to tension the semi-arches.

In addition, ancillary rooms and exhibition areas are accommodated here in the crosswise standing elements, which receive lateral vaulting forces.

MATERIALS

The material concept was also planned for all buildings: as few as possible and, if possible, regional materials should be used.

Ceilings consist of a hybrid construction with a 28 cm wood beam girder grid and a 10 cm Walls and ceilings are solid and homogehigh clay layer. neously constructed from clay bricks. If necessary, concrete lintels are built to span larger The double roof construction consists on spans. Openable elements and details often the one hand also of a wooden girder grid, an consist of steel and wood. empty level above it, which is ventilated by perforations in the block bound and a sheet metal roof construction over it, which forms the water-removing layer and also carries the solar panels.

ATTICA CONNECTION

CEILING CONNECTION

solar panels 5 cm hydrophobic barrier: metal sheets 2 cm steel substructure 77-107 cm

clay 10 cm dowels 1 x 10 cm wooden panel 4 cm wood beam girder grid 24 cm x 22 cm

wooden block 6,5 x 44 cm clay bricks with perforation 44 cm

clay bricks 44 cm cavity for pipes and lines

ventilated space openings: concrete lintel, cross section 20 x 44 cm steel frame 2,5 x 6 cm wooden sticks 6,5 x 4 cm GSEducationalVersion

Constructional Details A. GEIGER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

MILL BUILDING

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270

Water

Women

Men

Office

Drying + Storage

Outside Working

Silo

Packaging

Reducing Rolls

Mill

Floor Plan A. GEIGER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

MILL BUILDING

FLOORPLAN & SECTIONS The fl oor plan of the mill is very fl exible. The tower consists of a large room with two openings and a staircase that leads upwards and opens up the other two storeys.

Partitioning walls in the supplier building separate the silo to the outside to dry the grain.

Other surfaces can be used as offi ce, outdoor work surface.

Toilets, storage, water access and exhibition surfaces continue the facade motives of colonnades. Other walls and facade surfaces are designed homogeneously.

Storage

Mill

View west and South, Section A. GEIGER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

MILL BUILDING

271

272

Visualization of the Accommodation

ACCOMMODATION

273

Natascha Fakler Away from the street, reached by a small path, the accommodation is established between the cultivation fields. Due its function, the accommodation is based on a grid of six elements. with smaller barrel vaults as the rooms are tinier and human is more in center of the design.

Build for farmers and students of the training center as well as guest from the big events and other people can stay in a double bed room, five-bed room or in the big dorm.

Due to the development of the terrain, the west facade looks into the valley to the west.

Ideal to enjoy a sunset or the end of the day.

N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

274

Building Structure N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

275

The accommodation is a long bar with north south orientation. The facade is open on two sides and thus has a clear direction. Other than the other buildings the accommodation is based on a grid of six elements visualized in six smaller barrel vaults. The stiffening walls create space for supporting functions and connects the two levels with each other.

MEETING POINT

The entrance of the building is on the one hand on the south side coming from the street, as well as from the west side with connection to the mill through the cultivation plan days. In the interjection of this two aisles the reception is located with a subsequent lounge. The lounge invites people to sit down and communicate with each other. Beside the staircase to reach the next level, is placed between to walls.

Due the two aisles the constant connection to the outside is given and you're always confronted with the concept and agriculture.

BEDROOMS

Along a corridor the bedrooms are accessible. The function of the corridor is on the one hand the development and on the other hand the zoning of the building to minimize direct sunlight on the west facade. Besides it creates a semi-public space. It also allows a semi-public space as a transition from public to private space. Each room is understood with a bath.

Depending on the size of the rooms, they measure one arch, two, arch...

ACCOMMODATION

C OMMUNICATION

SLEEPING

S ANITARY

me eting p oint near re c eption for dinner, breakfast etc.

private plac e in double -b e d ro om , five b e d ro om and sle ep ing dorm

each b e d ro om has its own toilette, shower and basin

Function of the Building N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

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GSEducationalVersion

Climate Section N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

CLIMATE DESIGN CONCEPT THERMAL MASS

The accommodation is build massive with clay brick walls to heat and cool with thermal mass. Therefore thick walls preserve the inside from the sun heat during the day. In night time the heated walls emit energy to warm up the rooms for comfortable sleeping rooms.

WATER AND ENERGY

277

Rainwater is harvested in the valleys of the roof construction and after purifi cation reused for sanitation facilities.

The Electricity is produced in the site located biogas plant. Waste of the accommodation injected in the system to produce more energy.

SUN PROTECTION WEST FACADE

The vertical structure protects from the direct warm low sun. As you can see in the sun path mask. Additionally the structure is also used as railings in the upper fl oor and creates a private and comfortable pre-zone with quality of stay.

CROSS VENTILATION

Windows and doors are positioned in opposite walls for an optimal cross ventilation.

Openings are closed during the daytime to reduce heat inside the building In turn during the night windows and doors are open to let the cold air come in and cools down the room temperature and helps to emit heat from the warmed walls.

SUN PATH MASK

SECTION DOOR

vertical structure deters the heat from the west facade

openable structure to keep heat outside during day and natural ventilation durin night

GSEducationalVersion

GSEducationalVersion

Climate Strategies N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

278

Constructional Section N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

MATERIALS

As in the other buildings the material was very important for the construction system. Gain was to use local material with simple constructions in a solid and homogeneous structure.

CONSTRUCTION

The main construction element is as well as in the gathering hall the characteristic barrel vaults. With the form of a reverse parabola, optimal for pure brick construction.

The parable arc is designed in a one layer brick with mortar joints and two layers for the attica. Upper conclusion is a hydrophobic mortar layer. And rain water is harvested due gutters in the valleys.

For the wall construction it's used local clay bricks in block bond system with air chambers for installation and insulation. So exterior walls have a thickness of 44cm, smaller walls 21,5cm and 10,25cm. Great openings span with concrete beam.

The ceiling construction span wood beams with clayey screed as surface. Among the beams is a clay fi lling for mass and on the bottom side a suspended ceiling hides all the necessary installations.

For the base construction it's used clayey brick stones with cement to be water resistant. In addition the surface is rammed clay fl oor

279

2 3 1 4

5

6 1 rain gutter, metal sheet, pleated, 2% tendency 2 mortar layer, vapor diffusive, weather resistant, 5cm 3 clay brick arc with mortar joint, 22cm 4 valley filled with bricks 5 beam, reinforced concrete, 22/45 cm 6 clay brick wall, 22cm

EAVE

1

1

2

2

3 4

4

5

5 6

3

1 clayed screed, 6cm 2 wood boards, 2,5 cm 3 wood beam with clay fill, 15 cm 4 suspended ceiling, 6,5cm 5 concrete beam 6 wood frame from sitting niche

1 frame from sitting niche 2 clay brick wall, block bond, 44cm 3 clay brick foundation with cement, 44cm 4 rammed clay floor, fine, 6cm 5 rammed clay floor, rough 15cm

CEILING

BASE

Constructional Details N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

280

N

1.1

1.2

1.1 ground floor 1.2 second floor

N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMMODATION

FLOOR PLAN & SECTIONS The accommodation is a two-story building with different sizes of sleeping rooms. In the ground fl oor plan the rooms are in lined arranged and connected with a long course.

The Aisle from north to south is used as a prezone and is open to the surroundings. In the

South it's crossed with the aisle from the mill building. The intersection creates the meeting point and the reception of the building.

Between the stiffening walls the staircase is hosted and connects the second fl oor. The second fl oor contains the sleeping dorm and fi ve bed rooms. Signature of the building are the six arches, represented in the inside and outside.

281

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.1 Section short 1.2 Section long 1.3 West view

N. FAKLER

FO(U)R FAMILIAR

ACCOMODATION

282

283

EXCURSION TO UGANDA SAMIA MATAR LAURA LEHLE SEBANSTIAN BENJAMIN ADOLPHI AM CHRISTIAN DEGENHARDT

IN COLLOBARATION WITH DERICK KWIZERA TOBIAS KLAUS

UMA UGANDA ACHILLES AHIMBISIBWE ANTHONY WAKO JONATHAN KATEEGA ANN MURUNGI TADEO NEDALA CHRISTINE DE GUZMAN BRENDA KIRABO PROSPER BYAMUNGU

Lake Victoria from above

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

ABK+UMU

EXCURSION TO UGANDA

SEPTEMBER 2019 Laura Lehle Samia Matar

ABK + UMU In order to further develop and advance the community center project, the students of the Stuttgart State Academy of Art and Design travelled to Uganda in September 2019 to get a feeling of the people, the culture and everyday life on site with the help of the students of the Uganda St. Martyrs University. The excursion was mainly led and organized by Derick Kwizera, who himself grew up in Kashenshero and initiated the project. The students were also accompanied by Tobias Klaus, specialist for energy supply and sustainable development, with a focus on the Global South at the University of Paderborn and by Christian Degenhardt, academic assistant at the Chair of Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design ABK Stuttgart.

The trip was divided into two parts: 1. Further development of the project at UMU within workshops 2.Trip to Kashenshero and presentation of the projects to the community

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

ABK+UMU

Uganda St. Martyrs University Campus

Uganda St. Martyrs University Campus Church

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

UMU

UGANDA ST. MARTYRS UNIVERSITY

The main campus of Uganda Martyrs University (UMU) is located in Nkozi - about an hour's drive south-west of the capital Kampala. There are about 5000 students enrolled in seven faculties.

After landing in Entebbe, the UMU Campus was the first destination on the trip. There the group from ABK Stuttgart finally got to meet the students and academic staff from the UMU, whom they had previously only had contacted trough e-mail. The ABK students were invited to stay close to campus in a student accommodations.

A one day trip to Kampala, the Capital of Uganda, was arranged and the UMU Students gave an architectural sightseeing tour as well as a talk with Felix Holland from Studio FH Architects was set up. The students got a chance to get to know each other, to exchange ideas and work together on the project.

Within the workshop, the different architectural propositions from each student, UMU and ABK, were presented, discussed and combined in order to prepare a group reviewed presentation for the Kashenshero Community Representatives.

FACULTY OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

The faculty is a multidisciplinary faculty with the Emphasis on Environmental Sustainable Design (ESD). Within the Faculty of Built Environment different degrees can be obtained: 1. Bachelor of environmental design 2. Graduate diploma in environmental design 3. Master of Architecture M.Arch.

4. Master of landscape architecture 5. Master of environmental design Six students from the Master of Architecture programme were involved in the community centre project during the same period as the German students. The different ideas are now being discussed, exchanged and tried to unite in workshops.

Overall the first days were work-filled for the students and a great start to bring the intercultural group socially together. The openness on both parts and the mutual interest in ones culture made this a valuable experience for all participants on many levels.

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

UMU

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

WORKSHOP DAYS

WORKSHOP DAYS

GROUP 2: ECONOMY

After the presentation of the projects by the respective authors, the key points of the individual projects were filtered out to form three groups of specialists. Over a total of two days, approaches, ideas and concepts were considered, completed or, in the best case, brought together from different drafts within these groups.

GROUP 1: SOCIAL

The members of this group focused in their respective drafts on the impact on social life within the community and what added value the community centre can create in this context. The main focus was on the subjects of women empowerment and social interaction and how architecture and the utilization can be supportive.

STUDIO UGANDA

Promoting the local economy is a central point in the development of the community centre. Which spatial conditions and innovations can strengthen it? In what way can a change or improvement in agriculture, for example, contribute to a growing economy?

GROUP 3: EDUCATION

With regard to the promotion of the economy, education is always a coupled issue. Not only the innumerable children of the community, but also young adults should have an opportunity for a better life through education. The community centre plays a major role in this respect, by providing the conditions for being a place of knowledge acquisition through a certain user programme or specific facilities.

EXCURSION UGANDA

WORKSHOP DAYS

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

WORKSHOP DAYS

RESULTS

Each group followed a different approach and a different way to reach a result. Projects were selected for further consideration, but the main aspects of all projects were filtered out in order to create an overall system. It soon became clear that the work of half a year respectively invested in the projects, cannot be revised and interpreted differently within a two-day workshop. So the focus was on a joint brainstorming within the groups, in which the approaches and concepts of the different projects were discussed and proposals were worked out together, where each individual project can be supplemented and extended by the proposals. In this way, the understanding of the culture and the possible course of events within the community centre was strengthened and therefore each individual project was solidified again.

the timeline and the whole process of the project. At the beginning the studio at the FoBE (UMU) and the studio at the ABK worked in parallel. Marked in green is the visit, the joint studio (Workshop) and meeting and presentation in Kashenshero with and for the “Key Persons and the Community”.

The here mentioned final design of phase 2 may be viewed in the following chapter. Phase 3 is currently in progress.

Below in the “project schedule” one can see

Project schedule

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

WORKSHOP DAYS

Center of Kashenshero

Group Picture of the students and community members

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

TRIP TO KASHENSHERO

TRIP TO KASHENSHERO WARM WELCOME

Kashenshero is reached in about a one-day drive from Campus Nkozi. On the way you will discover cattle, green hills and lots of banana plantations. After the tarred road ends, there are a few more kilometers to go until you reach the trading centre of Kashenshero. Now the students see for the first time the meadow on which the community centre is to be built.

The destination: the church. There the group is already expected by the priest and is very warmly welcomed. After getting to know each other, the site visit begins immediately and many things become clear which were previously uncertain.

hospitable and open-minded people who show a lot of interest in the proposals for the community centre. A visit to the health centre, the clearly the poor hygienic conditions and the lack of equipment and doctors. The next stop is the Bubangizi Secondary School.

In this school over 1000 students study and live. The students guide the visitors around the grounds and are happy about the interest in them, their school and are very curious about the German visitors.

SUNDAY MASS

Everyone was invited to the Sunday mass in the church of Kashenshero, a special event for the whole town. Especially for the German participants this was a cultural highlight of the trip, which will be remembered forever.

After a wedding and the normal Sunday mass, the priest introduced the visitors to the whole congregation and explained the intentions of the UMU-ABK project team and their propoA TOUR OF THE VILLAGE sals for the community center.

They spoke with an openness and thankThe tour continues through the rest of the vil- fulness which definitely had a very positive lage. Everywhere the ABK students met very impact on the collaboration between the community and the project team.

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

TRIP TO KASHENSHERO

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

TRIP TO KASHENSHERO

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

TRIP TO KASHENSHERO

Presentation to the Kashenshero town council

Presentation to the whole community

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

TRIP TO KASHENSHERO

PRESENTATION OF THE PROPOSALS TO THE COMMUNITY

In the first step the 10 proposals of the students for the new community centre were presented to the members of the Kashenshero community council. For this purpose, the people involved met in the church community hall to evaluate and discuss the proposals and possibly find a project in which direction it should go. T Presentation of the proposals for the Community After gratefully welcoming speeches by the local priest Fr. Amen Mukasa, the Community Council Representative Daniel Banyenzaki, visiting Priest and Professor Fr. Dr. William Kaggwa and Derick the initiator himself, the guests Achilles Ahimbisibwe (Acting Dean of FoBE, UMU) and Christian Degenhardt, expressed their gratitude, for the invitation and opportunity for the schools and students to work on the Community Center project.

cuss the proposals and possibly find a project in which direction it should go. This turned out to be extremely difficult as the parish council liked the five presented projects very much.

For them, the best solution would have been to merge all the projects into one, which would of course be difficult to implement from an architectural point of view.

After Sunday mass the residents and future users were given an overview on the project proposals by exhibiting the presentation plans of all ten architectural propositions from all students originally involved from the start at FoBE and ABK. The interest in this small exhibition was very high, especially by the children as it can be seen in the picture. Accordingly the anticipation of what would happen in their village was high as well.

Also, the intention was to involve all citizens of Kashenshero to share the ideas of the

The speeches were followed by 5 student presentations on the community center for the members of Kashenshero community council.

For this purpose, the people involved met in the church community hall to evaluate and dis-

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

TRIP TO KASHENSHERO

298

größere Grafiken auf der linken Seite.

Bezeichnung / Titel

H. SEEH — Q. BATSCH STUDIO UGANDA

1.1

ARCOSANTI EXCURSION UGANDA

FALLSTUDIE THANK YOU !

THANK YOU, FOR THE HOSPITALITY!

299

Thanks to Initiator: Derick Kwizera and family Students: Jonathan Kateega, Ann Murungi, Tadeo Nedala, Brenda Kirabo, Christine De Guzman, Prosper Byamungu Teaching staff: Achilles Ahimbisibwe, Anthony Wako, Justicia Kiconco The Kasheshero community Father Amen Mukasa Daniel Banyenzaki Father Dr. William Kaggwa Charles Sonko Anita Ajuna Martha Kabasinguzi

STUDIO UGANDA

EXCURSION UGANDA

THANK YOU !

300

MARKET SQUARE LAURA LEHLE SAMIA MATAR

301

DEVELOPEMENT OF THE DESIGN

MARKET SQUARE LAURA LEHLE SAMIA MATAR SEBANSTIAN BENJAMIN ADOLPHI

IN COLLOBARATION WITH

UMA UGANDA

JONATHAN KATEEGA ANN MURUNGI TADEO NEDALA CHRISTINE DE GUZMAN BRENDA KIRABO

302

304

MARKETSQUARE

305

Samia Matar Laura Lehle

1.1 Top view Sketch of The Market Square

The newly planned Community Center should create identity and strengthen the sense of community. A center that will also work in 20 years . It is designed to integrate all cultures, tribes and religions and participate every family, old man and graduate and every farmer. In the Community Center should also provide education. There are different strategies. The education and the know-how are promoted in different areas. For example, in the library, Internet café or the experimental garden. The community center is a central place for participation, education and production. Through the space program and the complexity of construction and the understanding of living together in a community, these attributes are fueled to a result.

Through an intercontinental and inter cultural dialogue and a participatory process with the community of Kashenshero, the community center project creates an intensive bond and an extremely strong cohesion between all participants. Through the accomplishments achieved so far collectively and with the common goal in mind, a message for the future is sent for the community in a particularly effective and sustainable way. In addition to the process of the project, the special design supports the economic development and the social interaction of the community. Within social and sporting activities, further education opportunities and health-promoting measures, the architecture of the community center provides a platform for the exchange of information and for people to come together.

H. SEEH — S.MATAR —Q. L. BATSCH LEHLE

STUDIO MARKETUGANDA SQUARE

FALLSTUDIE LOCALIZATION

306

AMPHITHEATER gathering zone and event space e.g. christmas, easter,...

726

PLAY AREA work out and playing

INFO POINT waiting zone for boda boda

6

72

MARKET SQUARE daily flexible community life

7

72

725

724

PARKING 723

722

716

719

720

717

718

GRAZING cows and goats

DEMONSTRATION FARM Possibilities: - cultivating spices (rosemary, cinnamon) - jackfruit, potatoes

1.2 site allocation

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

MASTERPLAN CONCEPT

307

The community center creates a place where each individual has the opportunity to develop personally and professionally and where education, training and research leads to prosperity. Through the local cultivation of agricultural products on the demonstration farm and further processing in the learning kitchen, new and advanced training measures and innovative business models can be developed thus contributing to the economic growth of the entire community on the one hand and to the Uganda Vision 2040, the path to a middle-income economy country, on the other. The aim is also to introduce a new timber construction method and thereby demonstrate that a economical and sustainable construction method can be used to create buildings that require little maintenance and yet last for a long time.

726

726

727

725

Project

724

Market Square

723

Client

722

Town Council Kashensh

720

716

717

718

719

Design

Laura Lehle, Samia Mata Plan

01_Town Cente

1.3 Top view

LOGO PLANNUMBER

0 LAYOUT

ISO A SCALE

1:50 DATE

19.12.201

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

308

conference room

privat or business meetings

extension space

C 30 onfe m re ² n

ce

outdoor meetings

library

n

IT-Lab, private and public lectures A 14 dm m inis ² tr

atio

reading zone

L 46 iba m ry ²

info exchange, learning

sports bar

administration

daily opening hours event bar

office of communitycenter operators

W

at er kios

k

S 63 port m sb ² a

r

hang-out zone

6 ris 16 e ,6/ 26

,0

terrace

roofed outdoor space visual axis to amphitheater and landscape

pavillion

entrance / social meeting point

separable in two parts workshops, lectures, weddings

La 46 un m dry ²

multi-purpose hall

bank

waterkiosk

cash mashine

filtered drinking water from national grid

wash basins supplied with rain water

preparation zone

S 30 anita m ry ²

D 30 rugs m to ² re

M H ulti 72 all -pu m rp ² ose

B 14 ank m ²

laundryroom

Market Square K. Client

K ba itche 63 ke n/ m ry ²

T a ech 15 l ro nic m om ²

Project

drying and preparing laundry

Town Council Kashenshero

drug store

Design

medicine, hygiene products

toilets

compost toilets

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

gathering zone

engeneering room

Plan

space allocation Market Square

waiting and chatting

technology for solar system

kitchen/bakery

LOGO

cooking/baking workshops / event kitchen processing products from demonstration farm

preparation zone

preparing ingredients, tasting

PLANNUmber

03

LAYOUT

ISO A2

SCALE

1:200

INDEX DATA NAME PLAN

31.12.19

DATE

Market Square Kashenshero_03.12.19 Laura..vwx

03 VON TOTAL

6

1.2 site allocation

Space Allocation 1.3

conference room

privat or business meetings

extension space

outdoor meetings

library

IT-Lab, private and public lectures

reading zone

info exchange, learning

sports bar

administration

BP03

daily opening hours event bar

hang-out zone

office of communitycenter operators

BP01

terrace

pavillion

roofed outdoor space visual axis to amphitheater and landscape

entrance / social meeting point

multi-purpose hall

separable in two parts workshops, lectures, weddings

bank

waterkiosk

cash mashine

filtered drinking water from national grid

BP04

laundryroom

wash basins supplied with rain water

BP02

preparation zone

drying and preparing laundry

Project

Market Square K. Client

drug store

medicine, hygiene products

toilets

compost toilets

gathering zone

engeneering room

waiting and chatting

technology for solar system

kitchen/bakery

cooking/baking workshops / event kitchen processing products from demonstration farm

Town Council Kashenshero Design

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar Plan

building phases

LOGO

preparation zone

preparing ingredients, tasting

PLANNUmber LAYOUT SCALE

1.4 Building Phases

DATE

04 ISO A2 1:200

31.12.19

INDEX DATA NAME PLAN

Market Square Kashenshero_03.12.19 Laura..vwx

04 VON TOTAL

6

S. MATAR — L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

PROGRAM

ACCESSIBILITY

SPACE PROGRAM

The space program is a variety of everyday needs and considerations of activating the place to support education, opportunities and visions. In an agriculturally influenced space and places are needed for experimenting and researching. For this purpose, new workshops are to be created. A new common kitchen as meeting area and learning place.

The focus is always on the coming together and gather. Furthermore, kiosks will be available for the necessities and a small pharmacy, an Internet cafĂŠ for international exchange and research. An entrance zone designed as a pavilion with generous sheltered roof. In the pavilion, the residents of Kashenshero get attracted at the first station at the water kiosk and are supplied.

This water kiosk is self-sufficient by the water cycle and offers work. The inhabitants are activated and entertained by several stations.

There is an event hall and next to it a sports bar. In addition, there is a bank that provides a degree of independence and a library for acquiring skills and a retreat for students.

309

The property is zoned into an entrance, an exit and a connection to the outdoor event area.

The entrance is at the head of the property and on the street. In addition, at this point is a junction of the streets and pulls people into the market-square. Having arrived at the center, the exit is found towards the terrain to the road at the physical end. In the space between event hall and sports bar, a path is zoned wide and connects the open event place.

EXTENSION POSSIBILITIES

The extension of the development is divided into several phases. In the first phase a part of the roof complex will be built and then the second part. The buildings below can be built in the next phases. Box for box. This system can be used indefinitely and can be connected to the new building complex.

In another situation, the concept / system can be more variable and be thought of being double and divided or added in small or large structures.

People

Environment

Education

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

310

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4,0

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0

10

-3 72 ,50 4,5 m m a.s

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%

-3 72 ,0 m 5 m a.s

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2,

50

2,

50

10

%

1

3,0

0

A

4,0

4,0

0

6 ris 16 e ,6 /2

10

4,0

%

30

B

6,0

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ta ry

0

0

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b-

b

15

T ro ech om n i

ca

l

7 72

C

4,0

4,0

17

0

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63

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D

4,0

0

4,0 -4 72 ,0 m 4 m a.s .l.

0

12

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-2 ,7 72 0 5,3 m m a.s

E

.l.

G 4,0

6 ris 16 e ,6 /2

H

0

6,0

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18

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1

6,0 6 ris 16 e ,6 /2

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59

a

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57

ground floor

723

C S.MATAR O M M E N— T : L. A ll i n f o r m a ti o n a n d p l a n s r e q u ir e a sMARKET tru ctu ra l e n gin e erin g SQUARE LEHLE A ll m a t e r i a l s a n d d i m e n s i o n s a c c o r d i n g t o s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n

CONCEPT 4-

4

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN bb

311

a

±0 72 ,00 8 m a.s

.l.

a-

00

72

6,

4,0

6

0 20

10 %

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0

4,0

2, 50

0

50

4,0

2,

0

112

4,0

0

111 110

4,0

0

109 108

kio

sk

107

.l.

106 105 104

4,0

6 ris 16 e ,6 /2

103

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6,0

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0

W

at

0

+ 72 0,30 8,3 m m a.s

er

4,0

0

102 101 100

4,0

0

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99

²

97

46

m

La

un

dr

98 96 95

4,0

94

9,0

0

0

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6,0

0

93

-0 72 ,7 m 7,3 m

a.s

92 91

4,0

0

16

90

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0

89

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6,0

12

6 ris 16 e ,6 /2

nk ²

14

m

Ba

0

1-

1

88

4,0

0

87 86

30

Dr

m ²

ug

0

53

sto

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re

85 3,0

84

83

82

6,0

+1 72 ,7 6,3 m m a.s

80

6,0

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0

81 0

79 78 12

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77 76

4,0

0

2-

2

75 74 73 72 71 70

6,0

0

69 68 67 66

12

,0

0

65 64 63 62

Project

3-

Market Square - Co

3

61

Client

Towncouncil Kashenshero

60

9

Design

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar Plan

Groundfloor

LOGO S.MATAR — L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

CONCEPT

PLANNUMBER LAYOUT SCALE

DATE

06 ISO A0 1:100 31.12.19

S.MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

ISSB wall thermal mass

roofing system big overhangs to all orientations for shading

permeable ceiling allows hot air to rise up and get out of the room

pavilion water kiosk natural ventilation

solar energy PV panels for water pumps and electricity

high ridges translucent ridges temperature stratification guaranteeing creates a pleasant trees daylight rain gutter interior climate rainwater collector leading to natural shading the water system

312

1.5 climate section

CLIMATE CONCEPT

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE DESIGN In order to react to the existing climate issue in the building sector as well, it is absolutely necessary to respect the local climate and act material-consciously. Within the community center, passive design strategies were applied to enhance the resources that are already locally available and can be recycled in a closed cycle (wood, air-dried clay, water). Especially in terms of water, a system has been developed that addresses water collection, water usage and natural wastewater treatment. The wooden construction also demonstrates an innovative and sustainable method of construction and is intended to serve as a role model for other public and private buildings. In addition, the focus has been placed on a climateresponsive design, guaranteeing ventilation and preventing overheating.

In addition, a simple roof structure is provided, consisting of multi-layer panels and corrugated sheet metal.

The construction is to be made of local eucalyptus timber, with A-supports forming the basis of the structure.

The masonry is not exposed to rain, airdried bricks are used. The advantages of air-dried bricks are, on the one hand, low consumption of resources and, on the other hand, their return to the natural cycle. The interspaces are given a special quality of stay due to a high ridge height and at the same time the ridges are formed with transparent elements to provide suffi cient daylight in the interspaces and in the interiors.

1.6 Material Lifecycle

S.MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

CLIMATE CONCEPT

313

main water reservoir for all usage (not drinkable) optional water reservoir location to demonstrate and show the importance of water on the site (needs appealing design) rainwater collection on the roof

water collection canal to collect drained water from the roofs

rainwater collection on the roof

Water Collection

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

1.7

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

WATERKISOK AND THE WATERSYSTEM

315

In the community centre, the scarcity of running water will in future be solved by the water kiosk and an exemplary water cycle, which can be adopted in other Ugandan villages.

The water kiosk supplies the inhabitants of Kashenshero with drinking water, which is collected from directly fi ltered rainwater using solar energy. Furthermore, the location of the water kiosk is a central and social meeting point where people can satisfy their daily needs and where they are encouraged to exchange ideas.

Water supply 1.8

H. MATAR S. SEEH ——Q.L.BATSCH LEHLE

MARKET STUDIOSQUARE UGANDA

FALLSTUDIE MASTERPLAN

adjoining houses could optionally be served with water as well

underground water pipes distribute the water to every usage on site

the sports bar has water access to wash food and clean dishes

at the waterkiosk, the water is first filtered to generate safe drinking water

hand washing sinks in front of the restrooms teach hygiene

a small lake at the bottom of the site collects unused water and saves it for dry periods

small cesspits dispense water to the planting zones of the demonstration farm.

They store the water and release it slowly. This helps to withstand drought periods.

Waterflow can be controlled manually by a valve at the water collection canal.

water for washing fruits and vegetables and for cooking is available in the kitchen. A second tap on the outside of the building serves the preparation zone

the laudryroom makes use of the soft rainwater, no special treatment or filtration needed

Water Usage 1.9

a small lake at the bottom of the site collects unused water and saves it for dry periods

natural wastewater treatment: since only greywater is collected, natural treatment is enough to purify the water before releasing it into nature again

Water Waste 2.1

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

ECOLOGY ENERGY NEEDS: The process of collecting and cleaning water is entirely driven by gravity. The Incline of the site enables a completely natural water fl ow from each usage point to the treatment facilities at the lower parts of the site.

Electricity, generated by the solar panels on the roof, is only needed for fi lling up the water reservoir on the highest point of the site and to serve the evacuated tube collector (solar thermal collector)

NOTE: The detailed planing and layout of the wastewater treatment facility Has to be done by an expert! The sizing of the facility has to be determined according to actual use and amount of wastewater.

Which produces warm water with warm water supply: Warm water is available in the laundry room, to improve cleaning. It is being produced by an evacuated tube collector (solar thermal Collector), which only uses sunlight to heat the water. The water fl ows slowly through vacuum pipes, which are exposed to the sun.

An insulated storage reservoir on top of the collector stores the water until its needed.

MAINTENANCE: The whole wastewater treatment facility needs only few maintenance: The settler has to be cleaned about once a year and the reeds on top of the natural gravel fi lter might need some care from time to time, Since they are inevitable for the system to work properly.

Advantages of the clarifi cation: Constantly controlled operations Constant control of the purifi ed water Constant maintenance Reliable system Cheaper in operation Direct energetic sewage sludge utilization possible Reuse of fi ltered out sand & gravel can treat heavily polluted water

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

Disadvantage Sewerage network necessary Sewerage requires maintenance Mixture of water with different degrees of pollution Partly heavily polluted sewage sludge

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT

WATERFLOW

ELECTRIC WATERPUMP

FRESHWATER KITCHEN / HANDWASH RESTROOMS

CESSPIT DISPENSER: WATER IS BEING STORED IN THE CANAL AND RELEASED SLOWLY THROUGH A POROUS SHELL. THIS WATERS THE PLANTS CONTINUOUSLY ON EACH LEVEL OF DEMONSTRATION FARM.

RAINWATER COLLECTION CANAL

IRRIGATION DITCH

WASTEWATER TREATMENT

ELECTRIC WATERPUMP

FRESHWATER FILTRATION

SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR

RESERVOIR POND: A POND AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SITE COLLECTS THE UNUSED AND THE CLEANED WATER AND STORES IT FOR DRY PERIODS, THEN USABLE FOR WATERING PLANTS ON THE DEMONSTRATION FARM. A OVERFLOW RELEASES THE WATER INTO THE NATURE, WHEN A CERTAIN WATER LEVEL IS REACHED. A FISH FARM IN THE POND MIGHT BE POSSIBLE.

1.8

Water Systems Details 2.2

MASTERPLAN

FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

NATURAL GRAVEL FILTER THIS NATURAL FILTERING SYSTEM CLEANS THE INCOMING WASTEWATER THROUGH BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION, PHYSICAL FILTRATION AND CHEMICAL ADSORPTION. DIFFERENT LAYERS OF GRAVEL PROVIDE AEROBIC, ANOXIC AND ANAEROBIC ZONES FOR THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS. A PLANTING WITH REEDS ENSURES THE OXYGEN SUPPLY IN THE UPPER (AEROBIC) LAYERS.

NOTE: THE DETAILED PLANING AND LAYOUT OF THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY HAS TO BE DONE BY AN EXPERT! THE SIZING OF THE FACILITY HAS TO BE DETERMINED ACCORDING TO ACTUAL USE AND AMOUNT OF WASTEWATER.

MAINTENANCE: THE WHOLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY NEEDS ONLY FEW MAINTENANCE: THE SETTLER HAS TO BE CLEANED ABOUT ONCE A YEAR AND THE REEDS ON TOP OF THE NATURAL GRAVEL FILTER MIGHT NEED SOME CARE FROM TIME TO TIME, SINCE THEY ARE INEVITABLE FOR THE SYSTEM TO WORK PROPERLY.

WARM WATER SUPPLY: WARM WATER IS AVAILABLE IN THE LAUNDRYROOM, TO IMPROVE CLEANING. IT IS BEING PRODUCED BY AN EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR (SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR), WHICH ONLY USES SUNLIGHT TO HEAT THE WATER. THE WATER FLOWS SLOWLY THROUGH VACUUM PIPES, WHICH ARE EXPOSED TO THE SUN. AN INSULATED STORAGE RESERVOIR ON TOP OF THE COLLECTOR STORES THE WATER UNTIL ITS NEEDED.

ENERGY NEEDS: THE PROCESS OF CLEANING THE WATER IS ENTIRELY DRIVEN BY GRAVITY. THE INCLINE OF THE SITE ENABLES A COMPLETELY NATURAL WATER FLOW FROM EACH USAGE POINT TO THE TREATMENT FACILITIES AT THE LOWER PARTS OF THE SITE. ELECTRICITY, GENERATED BY THE SOLAR PANELS ON THE ROOF, IS ONLY NEEDED FOR FILLING UP THE WATER RESERVOIR ON THE HIGHEST POINT OF THE SITE AND TO SERVE THE EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR (SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR) WHICH PRODUCES WARM WATER.

WATER SYSTEM DETAILS

SETTLER: TWO TREATMENT PRINCIPLES TAKE PLACE IN THE SETTLER: 1. MECHANICAL TREATMENT: SOLID MATTER IN THE WASTEWATER SETTLES THROUGH SEDIMENTATION 2. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT: A ANAEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION TAKES PLACE, DRIVEN BY SMALL BACTERIA, WHICH DIGEST THE SLUDGE.

ECOLOGY BUILDING MATERIAL

In the Area, a lot of eucalyptus Wood is available, which will be used and other stronger wood from the area. It is mainly dry clay and wood. For the construction of the roof are no metal connection planned to provide high costs. So the traditional wood crafts from Germany can be re-cultivated in Uganda. The collaboration of the traditional techniques with wood and the knowledge of environment and nature creates the aim of this project.

2nd and 3rd clarification stage is taken over by bacteria and sedimentation.

Plants provide a habitat for bacteria.

Gray water can still be treated by UV filter to process water. The black water can be used for the biogas plant and thus generate electricity.

WATER CYCLE:

Gray water is outwards through channels and led underground in the cistern> If required, solar pumps can push the water up into a water tower - Before pushing the water into the Water-tower, the filtering process started through SUSTAINABILITY Use: washing dishes, cooking, cleaning.

More difficult for drinking water: a UV filter The cultivated plants for instance bamboo must clarify the water can be used for construction,pipes or fur- Black water: sewage treatment plant niture. It can be prepared at the workshops. high economic targets for 2040 in energy and The garden are used for education and for the water supply (in terms of population growth Kitchen. In the small shops the vegetables 3.7% annually) can be sold. The Drainage of the plants is > Central water supply extremely important caused by a solar pump.

Promoting the development of water pipes with the project (in Kashenshero currently 2 ENERGY AND WATER public taps, of which only 14.7% of the population of Mitooma get their water) The sewage can be through a decentralized Planned solution: new water kiosk as a point of sewage treatment plant Sediment filter attraction and meeting place system Wastewater passes through the three treatment stages in the continuous flow principle Membrane filtration. After the 3 clarification phases is filtered through a membrane Wetland/plant clarification

Advantages of the clarification: Constantly controlled operations Constant control of the purified water Constant maintenance Reliable system Cheaper in operation Direct energetic sewage sludge utilization possible Reuse of filtered out sand & gravel can treat heavily polluted water

S. MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

Disadvantage Sewerage network necessary Sewerage requires maintenance Mixture of water with different degrees of pollution Partly heavily polluted sewage sludge

MARKET SQUARE

MASTERPLAN

320

56 55

70

54 53 52 51 50

9,0

0

49 48 47 46 45 44

3,0

0

43 42

18

41

,6

40

0

39

9,0

0

6,0

0

38 37 36 35 34 33

20

32

,6

0

,6

53 ,0 0

28 27

21

0

17

,6

8,0

3,0

0

31 30 29

0

0

26

9,0 0

25

19

0

24

,6

4,0

23 22 21

19

3,0 0

16

0 112

,6

111

0

110

9,0

17

0

18 16

21

15

107

,0

106

54

12 ,0 0

0

19

3,0

18 15

7

104

,6

,6

0

0

103

14

,3

,3

6 5

102

0

101

0

100

99

0

4

98

9,0

21

5,0 0

3

108

105

10 9 8

2

0

0

13 12

109

,6

14

11

0

,6

20 19

,6

0

96

30

1

97

18

95 94

0

93

30

0

3,0

0

1,0 0

,6

1,0

92

15

91

,6

2,0

0

0

90 89

2,0

88

0 0

A

,6

2,0

0

86

9,0

26

0

87

2,0

0

85 84

2,0

19

83

,6

0 2,0 ,6

0

82

0 3,0

23 C

0

Project

81

0 2,0

0

16

2,0

79

0

78

Client

77

0

Town Council Kashenshero

76

2,0

0

D

Market Square K.

80

,6

30

B

30

2,0

0 0

73

0

,6

0

71

0

2,0

30

68

0

17

67

2,0

,6

I

Roof Construction Top View

69

2,0

F

Plan

70

0

H

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

72

20

2,0

G

1,0

Design

74

2,0

0

2,0 E

75

0

66

0

65

2,0

0

64

2,0

LOGO

63

0

62

2,0

J

61

0

60

2,0

0

K

59

30

58 57 PLANNUmber

2.3 Roof Top View

LAYOUT SCALE

C O M M E N T : A ll i n f o r m a ti o n a n d p l a n s r e q u i r e a s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e ri n g A ll m a t e r i a l s a n d d i m e n s i o n s a c c o r d i n g t o s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n

DATE

Alternative: PERI Dokaträger

7,21

4,4 2

6,12

6 4,00

4,0

4

7,6

9,12

Project

2,96

Market Square K. Client

125

20 225

Design

0 1,0

Town Council Kashenshero

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

5 5

Plan 2,76

3,00

construction component similarity

Project

Market Square K. Client

Town Council Kashenshero

50

30

Design

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar 70

LOGO

Plan

construction intersection 50

1,00

LOGO

INDEX

PLANNUmber

06 LAYOUT

DATA NAME

US Arch C SCALE

PLAN

1:200

Market Square Kashenshero_03.12.19 Laura..vwx

DATE

2.4 Roof Top view

PLANNUmber

INDEX

07 LAYOUT

DATA NAME

0,700m / 0,420m

06

2.5 Facade Section VON TOTAL

SCALE

PLAN

1:50

Market Square Kashenshero_03.12.19 Laura..vwx

DATE

07

7

VON TOTAL

7

2.4 Simmilarities of Material in equal Colored 2.5 detail: A-pillar base point with steal footing and mortise joint S.MATAR — L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT

05 ISO A2 1:200

31.12.19

INDEX DATA NAME PLAN

STRUCTURE & MATERIALS

321

The roofed pavilion, which forms the head of the fi rst bar, serves as an entrance area and, with the function of a water kiosk, represents a meeting place. Rainwater is to be fi ltered at the water kiosk so that drinking water can be tapped directly. In addition, a further public tap is to be built, which will be connected to the national water network, thus promoting its expansion. Furthermore, a laundry room, a bank, a pharmacy and a kitchen will be integrated. In the second block are the administration with a meeting room, a library with learning and reading zones, a sports bar and the multi-purpose hall. The multi-purpose hall includes toilets and a technical room for the solar system. The individual interspaces have an overarching function linked to the use of the space.

S.MATAR â&#x20AC;&#x201D; L. LEHLE

MARKET SQUARE

CONSTRUCTION CONCEPT

-0,70

12,475°

12,746°

46,4

-1,70

1°

-2,70

46,4

°

MARKET SQUARE -1,50

8°

-2,50 -3,50

12,02°

46,4

46°

12,91°

47,0

3°

15,013°

C O M M E N T : A ll i n f o r m a ti o n a n d p l a n s r e q u i r e a s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e ri n g A ll m a t e r i a l s a n d d i m e n s i o n s a c c o r d i n g t o s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n

19,892

-0,50

47,0

1° 3°

46,4

1°

Maximaler Bereich für Inhalt (ausser Bildbeschriftung) 47,0

S.MATAR — L. LEHLE

±0,00

+0,30

13,02°

-3,915

Breite ganzseitige Grafiken vertikal setzen, mit Oberseite Richtung Bindung.

±0,00

CONCEPT

DATE

SCALE

LAYOUT

PLANNUMBER

07

31.12.19

1:100

ISO A1

LOGO

PLAN

07 4

VON TOTAL

Uganda_Entwurf_19.12.vwx

DATA NAME

INDEX

Elevation West A Block Elevation West B Block

Plan

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

Design

Towncouncil Kashenshero

Client

Market Square - Community Center K.

Project

322

24,82°

12,49°

12,91°

-3,50

46,4 1° 12,02°

S.MATAR — L. LEHLE -2,70

47,0 3°

46,4 1°

MARKET SQUARE -0,50

46°

47,0 8°

24,82°

-2,50

-1,50

46,4

C O M M E N T : A ll i n f o r m a ti o n a n d p l a n s r e q u i r e a s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e ri n g A ll m a t e ri a l s a n d d i m e n s i o n s a c c o r d i n g t o s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n

-3,923

-1,70

-0,70

±0,00

+0,30

±0,00

CONCEPT

DATE

SCALE

LAYOUT

PLANNUMBER

08

31.12.19

1:100

ISO A1

LOGO

PLAN

08 4

VON TOTAL

Uganda_Entwurf_19.12.vwx

DATA NAME

INDEX

Elevation East A Block Elevation East B Block

Plan

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

Design

Towncouncil Kashenshero

Client

Market Square - Community Center K.

Project

15,013°

47,0 3°

46,4 1°

323

19,892°

12,91°

12,746°

12,91°

12,475° 12,49°

13,02°

-3,00

-2,00

-3,80

MARKET SQUARE +0,304 ±0,00

Maximaler Bereich für Inhalt (ausser Bildbeschriftung)

Breite ganzseitige Grafiken vertikal setzen, mit Oberseite Richtung Bindung.

S.MATAR — L. LEHLE -1,00

±0,00

CONCEPT

LOGO

Elevation South Elevation North

Plan

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

Design

Towncouncil Kashenshero

Client

Market Square - Community Center K.

Project

324

MARKET SQUARE

+4,81

+5,72

60 10

1,50

3,00

3,00

2,00

8,50

3,00

25

2,00

3,00

9,00

+0,30 -0,50

+0,30

±0,00

±0,00

+7,93

-1,00

+0,30

+0,30

+5,72

-0,70

9,02

4,05

3,60

19,93

9,00

1,80

7,90

3,60

2,10

25

-1,50

6,00

-0,50

60

1,50

90

3,00

S.MATAR — L. LEHLE

90

+7,93

3,00

3,01

3,00

CONCEPT

PLANNUMBER

LOGO

Section 1-1 Section 2-2

Plan

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

Design

Town Council Kashenshero

Client

Market Square

Project

INDEX

325

S.MATAR — L. LEHLE

-2,50

-1,50

-0,50

+0,30

+3,72

MARKET SQUARE

6,00

12,00

4,00

20

8,50 15,00

30

2,50

10

3,20

30

-3,70

±0,00 ±0,00

2,00

3,50

2,10

C O M M E N T : A ll i n f o r m a ti o n a n d p l a n s r e q u i r e a s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e ri n g A ll m a t e ri a l s a n d d i m e n s i o n s a c c o r d i n g t o s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n

-3,70

+3,72

+4,72

+5,72

1,00

3,00

+4,72

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

±0,00

+0,30

+4,72

+5,72

3,00

-2,70

-1,70

-0,70

30 12,00

11,50

30

3,00 3,00

+7,93

-4,00

-3,00

-2,00

-1,00

+3,72

+4,72

-2,70

+5,72

Maximaler Bereich für Inhalt (ausser Bildbeschriftung)

+5,72

3,60

Breite ganzseitige Grafiken vertikal setzen, mit Oberseite Richtung Bindung.

+7,93

CONCEPT

DATE

SCALE

LAYOUT

PLANNUMBER

11

19.12.19

1:100

ISO A1

LOGO

Section 3-3 Section 4-4

Plan

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

Design

Town Council Kashenshero

Client

Market Square

Project

11

Market Square Kashensh PLAN

DATA NAME

INDEX

326

+0,30

+3,26

-4,00

-3,70

25

5,50

+3,72

-2,70 25

43,9

0° 6,00

-0,50

43,9 0° 6,00

+4,72

25

75

1,00 6,00

2,00

6,00

+4,72

1,00

-1,70

75

25

43,9

0° 6,00

-1,50

43,9 0°

43,9

0° 6,00

6,00

30

+5,72

+4,72

80

+0,60

10

+1,60

+4,72

25

1,00 6,00

2,00

+5,72

6,00

5,50

1,00

70

-0,70

20

25

+3,72

0° 2,91

6,00

43,9 -2,50

0°

6,00

+3,72

6,00

11,13°

+5,72

95

+3,72

+7,93

6,00

17,00

-3,70

13,14

-0,10

9,00

+3,26

+0,30

14,43°

C O M M E N T : A ll i n f o r m a ti o n a n d p l a n s r e q u i r e a s t r u c t u r a l e n g i n e e ri n g

±0,00

+2,60

+5,72

11,13°

MARKET SQUARE 11,13°

11,13°

3,00

+7,92

43,9 85

10 3,50

S.MATAR — L. LEHLE 19,61°

+6,62

CONCEPT

DATE

SCALE

LAYOUT

PLANNUMBER

12

19.12.19

1:100

ISO A1

LOGO

Market Square Kashenshero.vwx PLAN

DATA NAME

INDEX

Longitudinal Section A-A Longitudinal Section B-B

Plan

Laura Lehle, Samia Matar

Design

Town Council Kashenshero

Client

Market Square

Project

±0,00

+6,62

2,00

327

11,13°

11,13°

328

329

Š2019 gt+ke Unit for Building Technology and Climate Responsive Design Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Rudolph Dipl.-Ing. Christian Degenhardt State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart Am Weissenhof 1, 70191 Stuttgart Germany www.abk-stuttgart.de www.gt.abk-stuttgart.de

Editor: Matthias Rudolph, Christian Degenhardt Content: Benjamin Adolphi, Lea EichelbrĂśnner, Natascha Fakler, Anja Geiger, Laura Lehle, Samia Matar, Heba Mostafa, Ines Viola Schlecker, Lea Wiedemann Despite intensive research, we have not been able to determine the holders of the rights to all photos. Please contact the editor if third party legal claims are affected.

330

CONSTRUCTION & RESSOURCES IMAGES

introduction page: building typologies https://images.adsttc.com/media/ all images from St Martyrs Studio images/5a67/4cc4/f197/cc48/d700/0193 Analysis: field trip images /large_jpg/14049-08_-_Copy.jpg?

1516719294Fig 2: https://www. skills & craftsmanship southworld.net/wp-con all images from St Martyrs Studio tent/uploads/2016/04/her-2.jpg

Analysis: field trip images material comparison (table and example images): all images from St Martyrs Studio Analysis

construction technologies all images from St Martyrs Studio Analysis

vernacular architecture 1.1 and 1.2 http://www.africaver naculararchitecture.com/gallery/ uganda/ 1.3 American Geographical Society Collection, The University of Wiscon sin-Miwaukee Library

URBAN CORRIDOR IMAGES

masterplan concept: https://www.archistart.net/portfolio-i tem/build-to-make-a-change_a- school-prototype-between-tradi tion-and-innovation-in-ghana/ https://www.archdaily.com.br/ br/626183/10-equipes-que-querem-mu dar-o-mundo-atraves-da-arquitetu ra/53e1342ec07a8018740001e1 https://www.archdaily.com.br/ br/918896/escola-residencial-au-dor mitory-terrain-architects/5cc c55b5284dd11e37000101-au-dormito ry-terrain-architects-photo

SOURCES

SOURCES

331

STAKE- & SHAREHOLDERS TEXT

Studio C_Site Analysis.pdf; Page 24

Images : from St Martys Studio Analysis: Field trip

190326 Site Analysis Document.pdf; Page 24

google.de/uganda2040

https://www.gou.go.ug/content/uganda-vi- google.de/peopleinuganda sion-2040, viewed: 04.2019-05.2019 google.de/YoweriMuseveni https://www.ubos.org/publications/statistical/ Population Map: Statistics.com https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/yoweri-museveni-uganda-soll-ueber-verlaengerte-amtszeitentscheiden-a-1195681.html

REGION & DEVELOPEMENT IMAGES

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

www.momoafrica.com www.mattes-software.de St. Martyrs Analysis www.myuganda.co.ug

all other graphs and images from: Anja Geiger and Natascha Fakler

TRANSPORT & MOBILITY

http://www.codatu.org/wp-content/uploads/2B-Mutabazi-PPT-Presentation-CODATU.pdf 19.05.2019 https://energypedia.info/wiki/Uganda_Energy_Situation#Energy_demand 19.05.2019 https://www.nwsc.co.ug 19.05.2019 St. Martyrs Studio Research „Site analysis document“ + „Follow-up document“ Images 1.1 https://www.ugandathroughmylens.com/2017/05/ things-you-see-on-boda-boda.html 20.05.2019 1.2 St. Martyrs Studio Research „Site analysis document“ 1.3 https://kristinainuganda.wordpress.com/2010/07/01/ another-day-in-the-life-the-market/20.05.2019

1.4 https://www.softpower.ug/feature-inside-nwscs2020-plan-to-achieve-100-access-to-safe-water/ 20.05.2019 1.5 https://www.facebook.com/pg/Kasheunitedelectricians/posts/ 20.05.2019 1.6 https://www.pyxeraglobal.org/the-past-and-future-of-ugandas-sanitation-a-photo-essay/ 20.05.2019

SOURCES

332

SOURCES CULTURE, EDUCATION & ECONOMY PICTURES:

Bubangizi Church: Field Trip Images

traditional celebration, Bankyankore: https://www.iexplore.com/articles/ travel-guides/africa/uganda/histo ry-and-culture (28.05.19) Angole cow: https://www.viaggiamente.com/news/ page/34/ (28.05.19) Making Matooke: https://jessicahughes.net/making-ma tooke/, (28.05.19) traditional papyrus waving : https://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/19/ world/africa/rwanda-women-peace- baskets/index.html (28.05.19)

Family: https://www.populationconnection.org/ magazine/december-2016/family-plan ning-uganda/ (5.6.19) celebration program Kashenshero: Analysis Field trip Info Easter celebration in Uganda: http://www.100words.ca/?p=23081 (5.6.19) Kashenshero Community: Field Trip Images streets of Kashenshero:

SOURCES

333

CULTURE, EDUCATION & ECONOMY (CONTINUATION)

Bubangizi Church: Field Trip Images

PICTURES:

traditional celebration, Bankyankore: https://www.iexplore.com/articles/ Family: travel-guides/africa/uganda/histo https://www.populationconnection.org/ ry-and-culture magazine/december-2016/family-plan (28.05.19) ning-uganda/ (5.6.19) Angole cow: https://www.viaggiamente.com/news/ celebration program Kashenshero: page/34/ Analysis Field trip Info (28.05.19) Easter celebration in Uganda: Making Matooke: http://www.100words.ca/?p=23081 https://jessicahughes.net/making-ma (5.6.19) tooke/, (28.05.19) Kashenshero Community: Field Trip Images traditional papyrus waving : https://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/19/ streets of Kashenshero: world/africa/rwanda-women-peace- Field Trip Images baskets/index.html (28.05.19) ecucation in Uganda: https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/ max/1600/0*QQxmdFEY_kW4SoM5 NATURE & LANDSCAPE TEXT

IMAGES

http://www.kulika.org/consultancy.html

Fig 1: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Ruwenpflanzen.jpg#/media/ File:Ruwenpflanzen.jpg

https://www.nkuringosafaris.com/flora-fauna-uganda/

Fig 2: https://www.southworld.net/wp-con tent/uploads/2016/04/her-2.jpg

https://www.nkuringosafaris.com/the-rwenzori-mountains/

Fig 3: http://www.naturetropicale.net/ annona/annonag1.jpg

https://www.nkuringosafaris.com/wildlife-kibale-national-park/ https://www.liportal.de/uganda/ueberblick/ https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Land-coverand-land-use-LCLU-map-of-Uganda-in-2014_ fig1_314250763

Fig 4: https://www.africa-uganda-busines s-travel-guide.com/images/xcordia-mil lenii-tree-21758575.jpg.pagespeed. ic.QzXy4trYhK.jpg

Fig 5: https://www.dominicagardens.com/ uploads/9/2/0/3/92034718/neem1_orig. http://www.theugandaguide.com/game-reserves/ jpg kigezi-wildlife-reserve Fig 6: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen-Elizabeth-Na- rit%C3%A9baum#/media/Datei:Vitel tionalpark laria_paradoxa_MS_6563.JPG https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwindi_Impenetrable_National_Park

Fig 7: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strau cherbse#/media/Datei:Cajanus_ caja_080716-1078_ayot.jpg

SOURCES

334

SOURCES NATURE & LANDSCAPE (CONTINUATION)

Fig 8: https://cdn.shopify.com/s Fig 17: eigene Grafik

files/1/0200/5036/pro ducts/01627-04_2048x2048. pic 18: eigene Grafik jpeg?v=1421156402 Fig 19: eigene Grafik Fig 9: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe dia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jatropha_ Fig 20: eigene Grafik curcas1_henning.jpg/300px-Jatropha_ curcas1_henning.jpg Fig 21: eigene Grafik Fig 10: http://tropical.theferns.info/plantima Fig 22: eigene Grafik ges/sized/4/7/47b87c574fd5585f0d39e0 582eca179500d1796a_960px.jpg Fig 23: eigene Grafik Fig 11: https://www.mein-schoener-garten.de/ Fig 24: eigene Grafik sites/default/files/styles/inline_scale d_s/public/leberwurstbaum-stand Fig 25: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ ort-iStock-638521076.jpg?itok=HcX commons/e/e6/Bwindi_Impenetrable_ bH5tp National_Park-112364.jpg Fig 12: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe Fig 26: https://www.achieveglobalsafaris.com/ dia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Euphorbia_ wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Queen-Eli ingens_%28habitus%29%2C_crop. zabeth-National-Park.jpg jpg/1200px-Euphorbia_ingens_%28ha bitus%29%2C_crop.jpg Fig 27: https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl =https%3A%2F%2Fakwaba-afrika.

Fig 13: field trip imagine from St. Martyrs de%2Fsite%2Fassets%2F Studio files%2F8752%2Fschimpanse-im-kiba le-forest.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F Fig 14: https://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/e/5/ %2Fakwaba-afrika.de%2Freisezie e/3fff5563-4960-452e-b73f-8efaa67f le%2Fuganda%2Fkibale-national 01db_shutterstock_155218487_olifants park%2F&docid=6gx1KX7qH2P_ gras_miscanthus_1000_48d71f rM&tbnid=c_tXvTrw7KDzFM%3A& 2c_490x330.jpg vet=10ahUKEwjZl93g4eniAhVHOhoK HdqSBIkQMwhJKAgwCA..i&w Fig 15: https://static.inaturalist.org/pho =3000&h=2000&bih=920&biw=1920& tos/14222902/large.jpg?1521307688 q=Kibale-Nationalpark&ved=0ahUK EwjZl93g4eniAhVHOhoKHdqSBIkQM Fig 16: eigene Grafik whJKAgwCA&iact=mrc&uact=8

SOURCES