Rethinking The Accessibility Of Public Spaces For Women Safety: A Case Study Of Bhubaneswar

SYNOPSIS-: INTRODUCTION TO THE CITY-

SCOPE-

JUSTIFICATION TO THE STUDY AREA-

• Bhubaneswar is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. It is one of the oldest city of India, finding its origin around the 2nd Century B.C during the Chedi Dynasty and also Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of Sisupalgarh, the ancient capital of the former province of Kalinga. It is also known as the city of Temples and known to be one of the major center of religious and economic hub in western Odisha.

• The modern city Bhubaneswar, was designed by German architect Otto Konigsberger in 1946 and was established to shape the city in serving as an administrative centre for the state. Bhubaneswar considered as one of the first planned cities of modern India along with Chandigarh and Jamshedpur. Bhubaneswar is a Two-Tier City and developing quickly as one of the educational hubs. It caters more than 1.4 Million population today.

• This will provide a concept of 'Safe Smart City' for women which includes their equal rights to the city and public places within it.

• This will increase women’s and girl’s freedom of movement and also it will increase their access to essential services and their enjoyment of cultural and recreational activities, and will increase their quality of living.

• This will promote safe city with all the needs and concern for the vulnerable group of women and will help in the reduction of crime against women.

• Safety of women in Bhubaneswar has been a major concern over the last 9-10 years. Life of a women has become miserable day by day they are more prone to vulnerability and fall victim in their own community.

• As compared to other Indian cities in the country, women torment is more at Bhubaneswar. Day to day crimes like physical torture, eve teasing, sexual harassments and rape has become a major concern in the Bhubaneswar city.

• Different types of violence against women-:

LOCATION-:

CLIMATE-:

GEOGRAPHY-:

Bhubaneswar is the most important city of Khordha district and is situated in the eastern part of India and is situated at an elevation of 45m above the sea level and the city is located at 20° 17' N latitude and 85° 49‘ E longitude.

Bhubaneswar is blessed with tropical climate with temperature varying from 15ºC to 42ºC and average temp of 27.4ºC. The annual rainfall is about 1542 mm, humidity is high(94%) and flow of wind is in N-W direction.

It is in the Eastern Coastal Plains, along the axis of the Eastern Ghat Mountains. It is surrounded by the Daya river in the South and Kuakhai river in the East. It has a fertile soil containing 65% laterite, 25% alluvial and 10% sandstone.

LIMITATION’S• Time constraint.

• The study is limited to the vulnerable group of women.

• Financial part is not considered for the study.

On an average more than 100-150 cases of kidnapping of girl (including girl child & adults) every year.

On an average more than 250 cases of Sexual Harassment (including girl child & adults) every year.

On an average more than 100-120 cases of Rape (including girl child & adults) every year.

On an average more than 460 cases of Eve teasing (including girl child & adults) every year.

METHODOLOGYRETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY

REGIONAL SETTING-

NEED OF THE STUDY FORMULATION OF AIM • To understand the perceptions of safety amongst women and providing a safe, secure and suitable urban environment to the women and girls by considering their needs and concern in the public spaces.

LEGEND

Existing Public Spaces Proposed Public Spaces

FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVE Map. 1.1: Showing The Odisha Map.

Map. 1.2: Showing The Khordha District Map.

Map. 1.3: Showing The Bhubaneswar Map.

BHUBANESWAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (BMC)

BHUBANESWAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN AREA (BDPA)

BM is the local urban governing body .The civic administrative body covers an area of 135 sq km. and has a population size of 8.4 lakhs (according to census 2011). The BMC was established in 1994.The city is divided in to 67 ward and 46 revenue villages.

It is comprising of Bhubaneswar, Khurda ,Jatani and its adjoining areas has a population 13.7 lakhs (according to census 2011) and stretches over 419 sq km. And the total BDPA and BMC area of Khurda District is divided in to 25 No. of Zone.

AIM• To understand the perceptions of safety amongst women and providing a safe, secure and suitable urban environment to the women and girls by considering their needs and concern in the public spaces.

OBJECTIVES• To study and identify the existing rampant causes of harassment and violence against women in various public spaces in urban environment.

• To study and analyze the safety parameters in various public spaces interns of women’s perception.

• To enlist gender sensitive activities in public spaces and participation of women in decision making process.

• To ensure safe and secure public spaces by effective planning legislations, interventions and guidelines to facilitate women’s equal right in the city.

Map. 1.4: Showing The Bhubaneswar Municipality Map. Source: Bmc.gov.in

Map. 1.5: Showing The Existing Public Spaces.

Source: Bmc.gov.in

CONNECTIVITY• As the capital of Odisha, Bhubaneswar is a prime hub and connecting route to all of the major cities within the state and most within the country.

• All the major transportation nodes, i.e., Biju Pattnaik International Airport, Master Canteen Station, Mancheswar Railway Station and Barmunda Bus Stand, fall within a 6 km radius from the city center and 13 km radius from the AOI.

• To study and identify the existing rampant causes of harassment and violence against women in various public spaces in urban environment.

• To study and analyze the safety parameters in various public spaces interns of women’s perception • To enlist gender sensitive activities in public spaces and participation of women in decision making process.

• To ensure safe and secure public spaces by rethinking or redesigning the planning legislations and guidelines for women safety in the city.

ISSUE’s-

SCOPE AND LIMITATION’s

• MALE DOMINATED PUBLIC SPACES: The public spaces present in the urban built environment are basically dominated by the male population.

• LACK OF MIXED LAND USE : Improper mixed use of land is another issue that leads to the formation of dark spot area in isolated residential spaces and basically in the peri-urban areas.

• LACK OF DENSIFICATION : The outskirt area of the city are basically characterized by low population density which can encourage the anti social activities in these area than other.

• SAFE ACCESSIBILTY TO PUBLIC SPACES : Lack of proper pedestrian pathway, visibility, improper sightlines and landscaping leads to the increase in the fear of crime, so there should be enough facility of safe public accessibility to the public spaces which can lower the incidence of violence against women.

• LACK OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE : Women always experience fear of harassment and stress while accessing to inadequate potable water and outdoor toilets in their day to day lives.

• LACK OF SAFE PUBLIC SPACES : Lack of safe public spaces like garden, Parks ,safe market areas, safe urban streets , safe & accessible pedestrian path ways are another issues which required to be addressed immediately.

Conceptual Literature • Concepts • Guideline And Policies

DATA COLLECTION

Primary Data Collection • Focused Group Discussion • Safety Audits • Preparation Of Checklists • Street Survey • Safety Report Card

PLANNING THESIS

Secondary Data Collection • Data From State Crime Record Bureau • Data From National Crime Record Bureau

DATA ANALYSIS

DATA INTERPRETATION RECOMMENDATION’s AND PROPOSALS

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

Empirical Literature • Articles And Journals • Case Studies

LITERATURE STUDY

SYNOPSIS

SHEET NO. 1 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE-: PUBLIC SPACE-

THE ISSUES: WOMEN AND PUBLIC SPACE-

Basically a Public Space is a place outside the boundaries of individual or small-group control, used for a variety of often-overlapping functional and symbolic purposes. Public spaces, therefore, are usually multipurpose spaces distinguishable from completely green, partially green, or nongreen to soft or hard areas between built structures that are accessible to the public in the same way. Generally public spaces can be considered as urban streets, parks, sidewalks, urban squares, parking areas etc.

WHY THERE IS A NEED OF GENDER INCLUSIVITY IN PUBLIC SPACE? In today’s scenario crimes against women diminishes their freedom and limits and their participation in socio-economic activities outside the home. So planning and designing safe public spaces for women and girls means creating public spaces with features that enhance women’s accessibility and make them feel safe.

As we know, that the activities that are performed in the public spaces are mainly dominated by male, so the women are more exposed to fear of crime in urban cities. This is the reason for which women have to prefer to stay in closed and safeguarded places and to avoid urban streets, parks, plazas, public transportation vehicles and areas, especially in the isolated areas, which makes them feel insecure while walking on the streets, and also restrict the right to freedom of movement in the urban cities. Safety planning and design involves more than just the tangible, physical features of a space, though interventions at this level may occur first in safe cities for women program. It is necessarily a participatory process whereby community members can work together to create urban public spaces that accommodate strong social relations.

GUIDELINE/ POLICIES/ SCHEMES-: YEAR

TITLE UJJAWALA : A COMPREHENSIVE SCHEME FOR PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING AND RESCUE, REHABILITATION AND REINTEGRATION OF VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING AND COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION

ONE STOP CENTRE SCHEME

The scheme was launched in the year 2007 and recently revised in the year 2019.

The scheme was launched in 1st April 2015.

The scheme was launched in the year 2018.

UNIVERSALISATION OF WOMEN HELPLINE SCHEME

AIM

TO PROVIDE A SAFE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. • SAFE ENVIRONMENT FOR ALL AGE GROUP OF WOMEN. • TO PROVIDE WOMEN FRIENDLY URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE. • PROVISION OF SAFE PUBLIC REALM IN THE PUBLIC SPACES. • EASY ACCESS AND MOVEMENT TO AND FROM LOCATION. • PROPER ILLUMINATION IN THE OUTSKIRT AREAS.

Women and girls experience situations of violence that are different from those experienced by men. Violence that is imposed against women and girls because of their gender is one of the worst discriminations that they suffer. Women and girls are sexually harassed, in streets, in parks and plazas, and in other public spaces. Thus it can be a problematic because public space should belong to everyone and everyone should have a right to use it and women should feel free to use these public spaces.

WHY IS PLANNING AND DESIGNING SAFE PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IMPORTANT?

Safe planning and design for women and girls is important because it creates public spaces where women and all users have equal opportunity to be healthy, secure and happy. This kind of planning is based on the fact that the physical design of urban spaces affects women’s use and enjoyment of the public realm.

Designing and planning safe public spaces for women and girls is important because: • It raises awareness that space is not neutral; the design of spaces can either facilitate or inhibit their use, appropriation and safety for women and girls.

• It recognizes that gender and gender relations between women and men which are the key factors that how urban spaces are organized and developed.

• It recognizes that the public spaces in urban cities are usually based on a traditional notion of the family and a traditional division of labor among women and men. Furthermore, it promotes initiatives to change this spatial organization in order to reflect changing gender roles in society.

• It is a useful tool to improve the quality of urban and community life and to reduce women’s fear and victimization and it promotes the right to the city and to citizenship for women and girls as a condition for equitable and sustainable cities and communities.

OBJECTIVE’s

INFERENCE

It is a multi sectorial Ø To prevent trafficking of women and girls for commercial sexual harassments Ø Sensitization/ Training Workshops/ approach which is needed through social mobilization and involvement of local communities, awareness Seminars for Enforcement agencies to undertake preventive generation programs, generate public awareness through workshops/seminars. and Urban/Local communities. measures to arrest Ø To facilitate rescue of victims from the place of their exploitation and place them in Ø Creation of awareness through mass trafficking especially in safe custody. media, digital Communication and vulnerable areas and Ø To provide rehabilitation services both immediate and long-term to the victims by Social media. sections of population; and providing basic amenities/needs such as shelter, food, clothing, medical treatment Ø To ensure suitable, viable to enable rescue, including counseling, legal aid and guidance and vocational training. administrative arrangements for rehabilitation and running the Ujjawala Projects that reintegration of the includes smooth operations under trafficked victims. the Scheme and its components.

The motive of One Stop Ø To provide integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence and Ø To provide rescue and referral Centres (OSCs) are proposed harassments both in private and public spaces under one roof. services to the women of all age to support women affected Ø To facilitate immediate, emergency and non-emergency access to a range of groups who all were affected by by violence, in private and services including medical, legal, psychological and counseling support under one violence, irrespective of caste, class, public spaces, within the roof to fight against any forms of violence against women. religion, region, sexual orientation or family, community and at marital status. the workplace.

The Scheme is planned to Ø To provide toll-free 24-hours telecom service to women who all were affected by Ø To ensure safety of woman or girl provide 24 hours of violence seeking support and information. facing violence within public or immediate and emergency Ø To facilitate crisis and non-crisis interventions by the recommendation of private sphere of life through response to women appropriate agencies such as police/ Hospitals/ Ambulance services/ District Legal different programs or schemes. affected by violence Service Authority (DLSA)/ Protection Officer (PO)/OSC. through referral and Ø To provide information about the appropriate support services, government information about women schemes and programs available to the woman affected by violence, in her related with the particular situation within the local area in which she resides or is employed. government schemes programs across the country through a single uniform number.

Table No. 2.1: Showing The Policies And Guidelines For Women Safety.

Source: Ministry Of Women And Child Development

PROMOTING GENDER SENSITIVE ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC SPACES AND PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN DECISION MAKING PROCESS. • THE KEY OBJECTIVE IS TO IN THE CREATE SPACES THAT SUPPORT WOMEN AND GIRLS IN THEIR DIFFERENT AND VARIED EVERYDAY SITUATIONS

STRENGTHENING AND REDESIGN LAWS AND REGULATIONS. • THIS WILL ADD VALUE TO THE GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN PLANNING ADMINISTRATION WHICH WILL BECOME EVIDENT AT SEVERAL LEVELS AND WILL ALSO PROMOTE MUNICIPAL PARTNERSHIP’S WITH WOMEN’S GROUP, INCLUDING BUILDING THE CAPACITY OF VULNERABLE WOMEN.

SAFETY PARAMETERS OF THE PUBLIC SPACESVISIBILITY/ SIGHTLINESVisibility and clear sightlines are an important factor in enhancing the perception of safety and reducing the fear of crime. Creating this sense of open-ness in various public spaces it needs to be balanced with the desire to create a diverse and natural landscape.

MIXED USEMixed-use is an area with residential, commercial, and mixeduse components. Streets of this area should be designed to cater to the requirements of both resident and visiting population.

LIGHTINGGood lighting plays a vital role in the perception of safety. Well-lit routes along streets will attract more people, be safer and allow for extended use of the street in the evening and night hours.

ACCESSIBILITYMaking sure that open spaces are accessible to women and their needs to be given special concern. This includes measures such as specific, resting facilities, inclination ramps for strollers and safety from getting victimized.

SURVEILLANCEHaving a camera monitoring system in the public spaces can make women feel safer, because they have the perception that some-one is keeping an eye on activities on the public space and also act as a deterrent for criminals.

MAINTENANCEMaintenance and the organisation of public space at the outset of the planning and design process is essential. It helps to optimise the benefits and support the productive functioning and ultimate success of public spaces.

VIBRANT ACTIVITIESPromoting gender sensitive activities in the public spaces and enhancement of the landscape and design of the built environment creates a vibrant public space and leads to the reduction of crime.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

LITERATURE STUDY

SHEET NO. 2 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

EMPIRICAL LITERATURE-: THEMES

SAFE PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE.

TITLE

AUTHOR

KEY LEARNINGS

RELEVANCE TO THE STUDY

CONTESTED GENDERED FIONA VERA-GRAY A AND Ø Feminist research and activism have been engaging with the extent of men’s intrusive Ø To the study the idea of invisible work into the realm of violence against women and SPACE: PUBLIC SEXUAL LIZ KELLY practices on women in public spaces which leads to violence. rebuild their sense of self and belonging in the public spaces.

HARASSMENT AND Ø The public spaces should convey that men’s practices on women and girls is understood not Ø To provide an approach with a mode of resistance in the public spaces through WOMEN’S SAFETY WORK. only in terms of their safety but also their freedom which should not limit their space for planning guidelines and principles. action and should not responsiblise them for getting victimize. Ø The identification of online tools for documenting public sexual harassment has also revealed the extent to which women and girls change their behavior –because of the possibility of experiencing sexual violence in public spaces. Ø The change in behavior, and the beliefs provide a new lens on an old problem, commonly referred to as the “Fear Of Crime Paradox”.

SAFE PUBLIC PLACES: SEEMANTINI SORAGANVI RETHINKING DESIGN FOR WOMEN SAFETY.

Ø Lack of urban infrastructure – dark or badly lighted streets, derelict parks and empty lots, badly maintained public spaces, inadequate signage, lack of public toilets. Ø Empty streets at night because of early closing of shops and businesses or lack of a tradition of street life also leads to the violence against women of all age groups. Ø Lack of adequate public transport. Ø Insufficient presence and unresponsive/aggressive attitudes of police and civic authorities. Ø Isolation from neighborhood and lack of community life. Ø Ideas and beliefs about appropriate behavior, leading to reluctance to protest in cases of public violence.

Ø To recognize gender relations between women and men and identify the key factors that how urban spaces are organized and developed. Ø To recognize that how the city spatially reflects the specific social, economic and historical characteristics that are unique to local women’s situations. Ø To determine the behaviors and differences in the lives of women and men. Ø To recognize that women’s fears are based on reality and it is a useful tool to improve the quality of urban and community life of women of all age groups and to reduce women’s fear and victimization.

WOMEN’S PERCEPION OF MUKTA NAIK SAFETY IN PUBLIC PLACES.

Ø Lack of public realm which facilitates a safe built environment for the women of all age Ø To collect primary information on women's perception in a public realm. groups. Ø To provide separate residential and employment zones and a transport network to Ø Lack of proper lighting has been a major concern when stepping into the public realm and facilitate safe movement in the urban areas. potentially lead them to threatening situations. Ø To understand and analyse how women can negotiate the public realm and what Ø Visibility also becomes another guiding factor which ensure a sense of safety and there are factors affect their safety in the public spaces. no potential hiding spots.

VISIBILITY; LIGHTING AND SAFE URBAN BUILT GENDER AS A FACTOR PAULINA POLKO A, KINGA Ø Lack of safe built environment which become vulnerable for all the vulnerable groups of Ø Provision of visibility, and external security with proper surveillance in the urban parks ENVIRONMENT. DIFFERENTIATING THE KIMIC women. and public spaces.

PERCEPTIONS OF SAFETY IN Ø Lack of security and visibility in urban parks and spaces is a gateway to more crimes. Ø To ensure safety of women proper urban infrastructure should be provided.

URBAN PARKS. Ø Lack of barriers, fences and walls in the public spaces also leads to crime. Ø To provide a accessible and safer sensory environment. Ø Lack of safety against crime, include the presence of law enforcement agencies, such as police and guards, and video surveillance.

WOMEN’S TRANSIT SAFETY: VANIA CECCATO MAKING CONNECTIONS AND DEFINING FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE.

GENDER VIOLENCE; CRIME WOMEN'S SAFETY IN AMIT BHATT IN TRANSIT SETTINGS. PUBLIC TRANSPORT; A PILOT INITIATIVE IN BHOPAL

Ø Poor supply of public transportation and services in the peri-urban areas leads to the Ø To introduce door-to-door approach in the transit journey. expose of sexual victimization. Ø To strengthen social control and management by creating campaigns and policy Ø Shortfall of passengers in the outskirts leads to the lack of security needs of women frameworks. passengers. Ø To ensure that the transport providers fulfil minimum standards of service provision Ø To consider the differentiated levels of vulnerabilities and women with disabilities became with proper law enforcement. the easy targets of sex offenders. Ø Bus stops are located at isolated areas and lack of institutional capacity. Ø To provide an approach of Institutional Capacity to understand and address women’s Ø Insufficient and obstructed footpaths are seen with inconsistent street lighting and street issues. furniture's. Ø To evaluate the Service Planning and Operations in which the public transport can be Ø Lack of information on service routes and lack of surveillance which hampers the safety of planned and operated women in transit facilities. Ø To enhance the quality and design of public transport infrastructure like bus stops and public transport vehicles. Ø To enforce the mitigation measures and access of women to grievance system if any case arises.

Table No. 3.1: Showing The Journals And Research Papers.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

LITERATURE STUDY

SHEET NO. 3 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

CASE STUDIES-: GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT; A CASE STUDY OF VIENNAAIM-

WOMEN FREINDLY CITY PROJECT IN SEOUL METROPOLITAN CITY, KOREAAIM-

This study aims to understand how people and their actions in public spaces shape perceptions of safety amongst women, and how women negotiate public spaces to avoid such incidents of harassment.

• The project aimed to improve the cities public spaces by reflecting the women’s perceptions in the policies by improving their quality of living.

• It is called “Women Friendly City Project” since it’s a policy which aims to encourage social participation and establishes a women-friendly sociocultural environment.

OBJECTIVE’s-

ISSUE’s-

• Equitable resource distribution through awareness of different spatial needs.

• Attractiveness, safety and security of the housing environment.

• Representation based on equitable participation and involvement of all groups in development and decision-making processes.

• Lack of differentiated design of public open spaces in the urban quarter • Lack of systematic planning and provision of social infrastructure facilities for all age groups of women.

• Lack of user-friendly distribution of public open spaces in the urban quarter.

FOCUS ON PUBLIC SPACE PLANNING-: •

FOCUS ON PUBLIC PARKS AND GARDEN-:

The developed functional diagrams for streetscape projects • selected for gender mainstreaming are for pilot purposes. The pilot areas are the key destinations and facilities those are essential fro everyday trips like public transport stops, public buildings, as well as their entrances, waiting areas, etc.

OBJECTIVE’s-

PROJECT MECHANISM-:

• Promote women's right in the urban cities.

• Create safe built environment.

• Promote women’s participation in policy making.

• Establish gender governance.

PRACTICES OF GENDER MAINSTERAMING-

The designs are complied with the requirements by proposing a differentiated and well-thought zoning concept for the park like sports, zones and areas for play and exercise for all age groups.

Moreover, a clearly structured footpath network, adequate visual axes and efficient illumination were included as well.

Expanding the scope of women related policy

Improvization of laws and regulations.

Participation in all divisions of the projects.

Women friendly project

Addressing the problems in their daily lives.

Female citizen participation

WOMEN AND FAMILY POLICY AFFAIRS-

• To ensure safety of the carrier-interrupted women employment, provision of affordable and high quality facilities.

SAFE PARKING FOR WOMEN-

• Focus on the public spaces, and parking areas with women friendly facilities.

ACCESSIBILITY-

• To ensure mitigation measures to help women to access the urban streets and public spaces.

PROTECTION

• To create crime free living spaces and environment.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION OF WOMEN FRIENDLY SEOUL CITYWOMEN FRIENDLY BUILT ENVIRONMENT WOMEN FRIENDLY FACILITIES • Korea adopted redevelopment projects with crime prevention system • Seoul city is designing urban space and facilities from the view point of such as public spaces with female care facilities, and public toilet gender equality to reflect the needs and preferences of women. facilities and drinking water fountain at regular intervals.

• establishing a gender-sensitive urban model to improve and expand • Visual barriers are avoided in public spaces and active spaces are convenience facilities for women in the public spaces. created with mix use of land.

INFERENCE-:

To provide women friendly infrastructure and creation of accessible route to the urban streets, and spaces through planning interventions.

SAFE IN THE CITY? NEGOTIATING SAFETY, PUBLIC SPACE AND THE MALE GAZE IN KOLKATA, INDIAMap No.. 4.1: Showing The Functional Diagram Of The Proposed Public Square.

Source: Report On Gender Mainstreaming In Urban Planning And Urban Development

Map. No. 4.2: Showing The Functional Diagram Of The Proposed Public Park And Its Public Spaces.

Source: Report On Gender Mainstreaming In Urban Planning And Urban Development

PROJECT MECHANISM-: SETTING OBJECTIVES

INITIAL ASSESMENT OF AREA

EVALUATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

SELECTION OF AREA TO BE DESIGNED

COMMUNICATION WORK AND TRANSFER OF RESULTS

DERIVATION AND ELABORATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS

TRANSLATION AND PROCESSING OF RESULTS

AIMThis study aims to understand how people and their actions in public spaces shape perceptions of safety amongst women, and how women negotiate public spaces to avoid such incidents of harassment.

OBJECTIVE’sSELECTION AND SET OF METHODS

PROJECT DESIGN

INFERENCE-: There should be a spatial and functional networking of open spaces and popular gathering places of open spaces children and young people by means of urban design.

Combination of both functionalized zones and open-ended, flexible sub-zones for mix land uses.

Promotion of gender-sensitive activities and participation of women in decision making process.

ISSUE’s-

• To study the personality traits, appearances, and behaviors of men, as • Women are generally forced to negotiate rather than fight to reclaim well as the spatial characteristics of the urban streets and the activities their right to public spaces. therein, shape women’s perceptions of safety.

• Due to the rate of increase in crimes against women, have witnessed • To generate awareness into everyday contestations and negotiations, as women to avoid or minimize their use of public spaces. well as participants’ perceptions of safety in public spaces in the context • Lack of women participation in gender sensitive activities and decision of the urban streets of Kolkata. making process.

PROJECT MECHANISM-: IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AND FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS

INFERENCE-: PARTICIPANT RECRUITMENT AND PROFILE

VISUAL SURVEYS

To promote gender based activities to create equity and unity between men and women.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

To provide universal access to safe inclusive and accessible public spaces for women under the schemes like AMRUT and Smart City Mission.

PLANNING THESIS

LITERATURE STUDY

SHEET NO. 4 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

SITE LOCATION-

SITE SELECTION ON THE BASIS OF CRIME RECORDS -

Some of the major issues found in the study area are lack of densification in the outskirts, or isolated areas (bus stops or nodes), improper mixed use of land, lack in proper maintenance of public spaces, lack of formal/ informal surveillance in the parks, community centre, or recreational areas, and lack of proper accessibility to the market areas.

• Irregular growth, lack of basic services and facilities in the public spaces leads to fear of crime for the women of all age groups which leads to many problems related to assaults and face offences in their day to day life.

• So due to the rapid urbanization and population growth most of the public spaces in Bhubaneswar is becoming unsafe for the women and girls and the table below showing the increasing growth in crime against women over the last 7 years.

ZONE NAME

The parameters selected for the site location are-: • Projected Population • Crime Records • Major Crime Hotspots • Activity Centre • Movement of Settlement Pattern TOTAL POPULATION885,363 FEMALE POPULATION417,320

CRIME AGAINST WOMEN 2014

2015

2016

2017

BHARATPUR

44

62

71

58

66

73

52

CHANDRASEKHARPUR

241

238

268

334

296

358

287

EAST KUAKHIA

25

37

49

21

43

57

62

BHUBANESWAR (NEW TOWN)

21

54

38

27

33

23

37

BHUBANESWAR (OLD TOWN)

29

58

63

68

78

84

72

DHAULI

36

29

34

29

38

48

33

AIGANIA

202

186

159

188

204

289

193

TAMANDO

190

198

236

212

242

227

268

GANGAPADA

56

43

51

31

48

62

38

KHURDA

43

99

78

77

93

107

68

Table No. 5.2: Showing The Crime Records Against Women In Bhubaneswar.

Source: State Crime Records Bureau.

1000 500 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 PHYSICAL NON-PHYSICAL

Map No. 5.1: Showing The Site Location.

Source: GIS.

2018

2019

2020

The graph below showing the increasing growth in the physical and non- physical crime rates against women and from the year 2018 the physical crime rates have been increasing than the nonphysical crime rates.

• A population projection is a scientific approach to calculate and analyze the increasing or decreasing population growth rate of each zone taken into consideration for the study.

• From the above table Chandrasekharpur, and Tamando Zones are estimated to have the highest growth rate followed by Aigania, Bhubaneswar (New Town) And East Kuakhia Zones.

• Insufficient lighting and lack of even distribution of street lights leads to the growth of informal activities.

• Vacant shops and buildings and improper mixed landuse and some residential areas are isolated from the township in the focus stretch leads to growth of informal settlements and activities.

• Broken and unshaded and absence of bus stops can lead to encouragement of informal activities.

• Inactive streets, nodes and other public spaces are being getting isolated from the city core so the fear of crime is increasing day by day.

Fig 5.2: Showing The Isolated Streets Of Zone 21.

MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTRES AND EXISTING LANDUSE-

MAJOR CRIME HOTSPOTS (INTERNS OF PUBLIC SPACES)The outskirt areas of Xavier square, Rail Vihar, Birsamunda square and Lumbini Vihar are some of the major crime hotspots of zone 13.

The outskirt areas of Gohira Square, Raghunathpur Square, Jania Square are some of the major crime hotspots of zone 21.

Map 5.6.1: Showing The Existing Landuse Surrounding The Stretch Under Zone 13.

POPULATION

ZONE NAME

1981

1991

BHARATPUR

5,563

6,658

CHANDRASEKHARPUR

7,586

EAST KUAKHIA SISUPAL

2001

2011

2021

2030

5,601

10,000

15,000

20,000

45,439

1,70,859

3,48,000

5,24,000

7,00,000

8,268

6,535

11.050

81,000

1,51,000

2,20,000

6,684

21,270

40,508

87,000

1,33,000

1,80,000

1,82,570 2,68,110

3,27,391

3,68,000

4,09,000

4,50,000

BHUBANESWAR (OLD TOWN)

41,935

95,745

83,334

1,06,000

1,28,000

1,50,000

DHAULI

5,535

7,070

8,179

12,000

16,000

20,000

AIGANIA

4,311

2,763

34,875

1,23,000

2,11,000

3,00,000

TAMANDO

20,027

24,291

25,350

1,84,000

3,42,000

5,00,000

GANGAPADA

6,904

8,471

11,968

45,000

78,000

1,10,000

KHURDA

19,210

26,528

39,625

76,000

1,13,000

1,50,000

JATANI

41,755

50,116

57,957

82,000

1,06,000

1,30,000

Map 5.2: Showing The Crime Hotspots at Xavier Square And Rail Vihar.

The outskirt areas of Sikharchandi and Infocity road are also the major crime hotspots of zone 13.

Map 5.4: Showing The Crime Hotspots At Gohira And Jania.

The outskirt areas of Patrapda, and AIIMS Square are also some of the major crime hotspots of zone 21.

Map No. 5.6: Showing The Activity Centre And Movement Predictor.

Source: Self Analysis.

Table No. 5.1: Showing The Population Projection.

Source: Census 2011.

Fig 5.1: Showing The Isolated And Non-illuminated Streets Of Zone 13.

• Lack of proper illumination on the Xavier road, Rail Vihar road and Lumbini Vihar road.

• Semi-constructed or unoccupied buildings are seen from Xavier square, to Birsamunda square which can act as the major entrapment or possible assault sites.

• Dark alleys and abandoned buildings exposes passengers to undue crime risk.

• Signs of vandalism are seen near the bus stop and nodes.

• Being the future growth points there is a major lack of women friendly spaces and inactive public spaces intensifies the crime.

Graph 5.1: Showing The Crime Records Against Women In Terms Of Physical And Non-physical Crime.

Source: State Crime Records Bureau.

SITE SELECTION ON THE BASIS OF POPULATION PROJECTION-

BHUBANESWAR (NEW TOWN)

FUTURE GROWTH POINTS AND THEIR ISSUES-

Map 5.3: Showing The Crime Hotspots At Sikharchandi And Infocity .

Map 5.5: Showing The Crime Hotspots At AIIMS And Patrapada.

There is a rapid growth in the residential land use pattern in the outskirt areas of north, south and south-west zone in the BDPA boundary. The major development which are being taking places in the outskirt areas are covering the zone-13 (Chandrasekharpur), and zone-21(Tamando).

These two zones are the major growth centers in the BDPA region and BMC region. The zone -13 is basically emerging as the IT and educational sector where as the zone- 21 is emerging as a centre of high tech employment and into residential townships.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

Map 5.6.2: Showing The Existing Landuse Surrounding The Stretch Under Zone 21.

DATA ANALYSIS

SHEET NO. 5 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS-

STUDY AREA (ZONE-13)-

PUBLIC SPACES IN THE URBAN CITIESYES

NO

0-15

4%

0%

16-30

38%

3%

31-45

25%

1%

46-60

11%

9%

61-75

6%

2%

16%

84%

YES

NO

Chart 6.1: Showing The Percentage Of Safety Of Users.

Source: Primary Survey.

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(84% of women) think that public spaces in the urban cities are unsafe for women to move about freely.

PUBLIC SPACES THAT MAKE WOMEN FEEL UNSAFEURBAN STREETS 17%

Focused Group Discussions Public Spaces In The Cities.

Public Spaces Where Women Feel Unsafe.

Women In Unsafe Situation.

Essentials For Women Safety.

14%

8%

UNSAFE/ VERY UNSAFE

IDEAL/ MODERATE

LIGHTING SIGNAGE’s INFORMAL / FORMAL SURVEILLANCE MIXED LANDUSE

ASSAULT SITES MAINTENANCE MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

VULNEARBLE AGE GROPUS1

17%

43%

BUS STOPS, NODES ISOLATED AREAS

JUST ONCE

11%

16-30

27%

3

ACCESSIBILITY ESCAPE ROUTES ENTRAPMENT SITES

0-15

2 OR 5 TIMES

15% 48%

31-45

MAJOR NODES 1. SIKHARCHANDI SQUARE 2. INFOCITY SQUARE 3. BIRSAMUNDA SQUARE 4. LUMBINI VIHAR SQUARE 5. RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

SAFE/ VERY SAFE

FREQUENCY OF SUCH INCIDENCES-

4% 9%

Fig 6.1: Lumbini Vihar Square.

2

MARKETS

28%

SAFETY WALK REPORT CARD-

The women safety issues are not only limited to urban streets but also in other public spaces like market, parks/ recreational areas, bus stops/ nodes and everywhere women are subjected to violence. So the collection of data is done on the basis of focused group discussions and safety audit on street survey.

PARKS, RECREATIONAL ARAES

33%

STREET SURVEY

46-60

MORE THAN 5 TIMES FREQUENTLY

26%

61-75 Chart 6.5: Showing The Percentage Of Vulnerable Age-groups.

Source: Primary Survey.

Fig 6.2 : BMC Park

Chart 6.2: Showing The Percentage Of Public Spaces That Make Feel Women Unsafe.

Source: Primary Survey.

Chart 6.6: Showing The Percentage Of Frequency Of Crime Rates.

Source: Primary Survey.

As per the street survey, it is found that the most vulnerable age group that face these incidents is from 16-30(43%), and further followed by 31-45(27%).

VULNERABLE TIME WHEN WOMEN FEEL UNSAFE-

As per the street survey, it is found that women face such incidences of harassments frequently(48%) or more than 5 times(26%) in a week.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR WOMEN SAFETY22%

LACK OF RESPECT FOR WOMEN

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(33% of women) feel more unsafe on urban streets, followed by bus stops and nodes(28%), and further followed by parks, recreational areas and markets and isolated areas.

WOMEN IN UNSAFE/ DANGEROUS SITUATION7%

91%

YES

NO

Chart 6.3: Showing The Percentage Of Women Avoiding The Public Spaces And Seeking For Help.

Source: Primary Survey.

It is found that majority of the population(93% of women) avoid going to these specified public spaces and 91% of women didn’t ask for help in dangerous situation.

ESSENTIALS FOR WOMEN SAFETYCHANGES IN DESIGN CHANGES IN (MEN's) BEHAVIOUR CHANGES OF POLICY 17% 15% CHANGES IN SERVICES 20% 48%

It is found that majority of the population(48% of women) feel that men’s behavior should be changed, followed by the changes in the policy and services.

Chart 6.4: Showing The Percentage Of Essentials.

Source: Primary Survey.

72%

AFTER 10PM

3PM - 7PM

5

POOR MAINTENANCE

24%

POOR SIGNAGE/INFORMATION

38.00%

6AM - 9AM

RESIDENTIAL

STREET SURVEY

NH

COMMERCIAL

BUS STOPS

SH

PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

ISOLATED AREAS

MINOR ROAD

RECREATIONAL AREAS

35%

14%

27%

38%

17%

14% 14% 22% Fig 6.5: Birsamunda Road

Map No. 6.1: Showing The Existing Landuse Map Surrounding The Focus Stretch.

STARING

OBSCENE GESTURES

MIRROR FLASHING

TAKING PHOTOS

27% COMMENTS SINGING

42% WHISTLING SEXUAL REMARKS

SHOUTING

ASSAULTS

STALKING

TOUCHING

Chart 6.7: Showing The Percentage Of Physical And Non-Physical Crime Rates.

Source: Primary Survey.

Source: Self Analysis.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

36.00%

Graph 6.2 : Showing The Percentage Of Factors Responsible For Safety.

Source: Primary Survey.

21%

29% FOCUS STRETCH

13%

It is found that the most vulnerable time when The major factors responsible for the lack of women feel unsafe to access the public spaces women safety are poor lighting, isolated bus are after 10PM(72%) followed by 12PMstops/ node, lack of vendors and the most 3PM(56%) and followed by 7PM-10PM(43%). important factor is the lack of police patrolling.

TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT OR VIOLENCE FACED IN PUBLIC SPACES-

LEGEND NODES

18.00%

POOR LIGHTING

Graph 6.1: Showing The Vulnerable Time That Make Women Feel Unsafe.

Source: Primary Survey.

Fig 6.4: Rail Vihar Road

56.00%

ISOLATED BUS STOPS

56.00%

9AM - 12PM

42.00%

LACK OF VENDORS

27.00%

12PM - 3PM

51%

LACK OF POLICE PATROLLING

43.00%

7PM - 10PM

Street Survey Vulnerable Age Groups.

Frequency Of Crime Scenes.

Public Spaces Where Women Feel Unsafe.

Factors Responsible For Women Safety.

Types Of Sexual Harassment.

24%

MEN TAKING ALCOHOL/ DRUGS

Fig 6.3: Bus Stop At Rail Vihar

9%

93%

4

PLANNING THESIS

DATA ANALYSIS

SHEET NO. 6 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

STUDY AREA (ZONE-13)-

ANALYSIS OF URBAN STREETSLIGHTING

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE • Lack of landscaping leads possible corners and semiconstructed buildings are the major assault sites.

• Lack of proper illumination on the urban streets.

• Lighting is not sufficient to identify an object within 25m.

SIKHARCHANDI SQUARE KIIT SQUARE

INFOCITY SQUARE

PATIA SQUARE

BIRSAMUNDA SQUARE DAMANA SQUARE

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

• Lack of women friendly spaces and Signs of vandalism are seen near public toilets and on the street.

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e.g. her route).

• There no other alternative welllit routes .

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack escape routes and possible entrapment sites increases the fear of crime.

• Lack of police patrolling on the focus stretch after having a dedicated police station.

ELEMENTS

Fig 7.2: The Dark Corners.

Fig 7.3: Assault Sites.

Fig 7.4: Vandalism Near Public Toilets.

STREETS LUMBINI VIHAR

BIRSAMUNDA

INFOCITY

SIKHARCHANDI

VISIBILITY

OBSTRUCTED

OBSTRUCTED

FULLY VISIBLE

OBSTRUCTED

MIXED USE

LESS VARIETY

LESS VARIETY

MORE VARIETY

MORE VARIETY

LIGHTING

ABSENT

ABSENT

ENOUGH

IMPROPER

ACCESSIBLE

LESS ACCESSIBLE

ACCESSIBILITY

Fig 7.1: Insufficient Illumination.

LESS ACCESSIBLE LESS ACCESSIBLE

SURVEILLANCE

ABSENT

ABSENT

MODERATE

LACKING

SIGNAGE

ABSENT

ABSENT

IMPROPER

ABSENT

VIBRANCY

LACKING

LACKING

MODERATE

LACKING

Fig 8.3: Possible Assault Sites.

Fig 7.5: Informal Activities.

Fig 7.6: Informal Surveillance.

Fig 7.7: Isolated Bus Stops.

Fig 7.8: Wrecked Bus Stops

Fig 7.9: Informal Settlements.

Fig 7.10: Inaccessible Footpaths.

Fig 7.11: Informal Surveillance.

Fig 7.12: Improper Mix-landuse.

Table No. 7.1: Showing The Physical Elements That Affect Safety Perception.

LUMBINI VIHAR SQUARE

CARE HOSPITAL SQUARE

XAVIER SQUARE

RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

LEGEND SAFE NODES

BUS STOPS

RESIDENTIAL

UNSAFE NODES

NH

COMMERCIAL

NO STREET LIGHTS

SH

PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

ISOLATED AREAS

MINOR ROAD

RECREATIONAL AREAS

Map No. 7.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Urban Streets and Bus Stops/ Nodes.

Source: Self Analysis.

ANALYSIS OF BUS STOPS AND NODESLIGHTING

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Improper illumination in the Bus Stops and in the nodes of the outskirt stretch.

• Lack of street lights near the bus stops.

• Lack of signage's and guided route maps can lead to emergency assistance.

• Lack of accessibility to basic services and facilities.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

• Absence of emergency telephones at the bus stop.

• Dark alleys and abandoned buildings exposes passengers to undue crime risk.

• Signs of vandalism are seen near the bus stop and nodes.

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e.g. her route).

• There no other alternative welllit routes .

• Presence of darks corners, dark nodes and isolated bus stops leads to fear of crime.

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

MIXED LANDUSE

• Absence of onboard or bus stop video surveillance for routes in the dark streets can encourage informal activities.

• Lack of police patrolling on the focus stretch after having a dedicated police station.

• Lack of specified mixed landuse near the bus stops and isolated nodes can lead to the encouragement of informal activities.

• It also leads to fear of crime for the women of all age groups.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

DATA ANALYSIS

SHEET NO. 7 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

STUDY AREA (ZONE-13)-

ANALYSIS OF MARKETS-

KIIT SQUARE

LIGHTING

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

• Improper illumination in the market areas and not even a single street light is place to illuminate the market areas.

• Sightlines are not good and absence of street lights leads to dead and possible isolated corners.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

MIXED LANDUSE

• The streets are encroached by the informal vendors.

• Signs of vandalism are seen in the markets.

• Lack of mixed landuse and isolated commercial spaces can lead to the encouragement of informal activities.

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Possible entrapment sites in the markets and absence of name plates on the shops intensifies the fear of crime.

• Lack of CCTV and police patrolling on the focus stretch as the markets are found isolated from the major nodes.

PATIA SQUARE

ELEMENTS

DAMANA SQUARE

QUESTIONNAIRE(N=50)

OBSERVATION

HIDDEN WALKWAY

91%

RELEVANT

SINGLE LANDUSE

88%

RELEVANT

UNKEMPT LANDSCAPE

93%

RELEVANT

LACK OF LIGHTING

98%

RELEVANT

POOR MAINTENANCE

86%

RELEVANT

Fig 8.1: Non-illuminated Markets.

Fig 8.2: Missing Sign-Boards On Shops.

Fig 8.3: On-street Parking In front Of Shops.

Fig 8.4: Passing Of Comments.

Fig 8.5: Vandalism In Markets.

Fig 8.6: Informal surveillance.

Fig 8.7: Insufficient Illumination In Park.

Fig 8.8: Isolated Area In The Park.

Fig 8.9: Darker Spots Are Located.

Fig 8.10: Lack Of Signage‘s.

Fig 8.11: Informal Surveillance.

Fig 8.12: Improper Mix-landuse.

Table No. 8.1: Showing The Elements That Make Women More Unsafe In Markets.

ANALYSIS OF PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREASCARE HOSPITAL SQUARE

XAVIER SQUARE RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

LIGHTING

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Lack of street lamps and sufficient lighting throughout the park and on park trails.

• Lack of street lamps and uneven frequency leads to darker spots in the parks and encourages informal activities.

• Lack of clear spatial layout, signage's and guided route maps of the whole park and play zones.

• Lack of proper accessibility to pedestrian pathways.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack of women friendly spaces and public toilets, bins, and water taps.

• There is no proper provision in parks for changing diapers and feeding children and sitting furniture's.

• Lack of public surveillance cameras and lack of exposed spots that grant a good overview of the park should be available (for meeting others, seeing and being seen) leads to the increase in the crime rate.

• Security guards are not assigned.

LEGEND SAFE NODES

INFROMAL VENDORS

RESIDENTIAL

BUS STOPS

NH

COMMERCIAL

NO STREET LIGHTS

SH

PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

ISOLATED AREAS

MINOR ROAD

RECREATIONAL AREAS

Map No. 8.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Markets, Recreational And Isolated Areas.

Source: Self Analysis.

ELEMENTS LACTATION BOOTH SURVEILLANCE UNKEMPT LANDSCAPE LIGHTING MAINTENANCE (TOILETS) Table No. 8.2: Showing The Safety Elements Required In The Recreational Areas.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

DATA ANALYSIS

SHEET NO. 8 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS-

STUDY AREA (ZONE-21)-

PUBLIC SPACES IN THE URBAN CITIESYES

NO

0-15

8%

1%

16-30

34%

0%

31-45

37%

2%

46-60

17%

2%

61-75

4%

1%

6%

94%

YES

NO

Chart 9.1: Showing The Percentage Of Safety Of Users.

Source: Primary Survey.

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(94% of women) think that public spaces in the urban cities are unsafe for women to move about freely.

PUBLIC SPACES THAT MAKE WOMEN FEEL UNSAFEURBAN STREETS 14%

25%

22%

7%

PARKS, RECREATIONAL ARAES MARKETS BUS STOPS, NODES

32%

ISOLATED AREAS

STREET SURVEY SAFETY WALK REPORT CARD-

The women safety issues are not only limited to urban streets but also in other public spaces like market, parks/ recreational areas, bus stops/ nodes and everywhere women are subjected to violence. So the collection of data is done on the basis of focused group discussions and safety audit on street survey.

UNSAFE/ VERY UNSAFE

IDEAL/ MODERATE

LIGHTING INFORMAL / FORMAL SURVEILLANCE MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

ASSAULT SITES MAINTENANCE ENTRAPMENT SITES SIGNAGE’s MIXED LANDUSE

Focused Group Discussions Public Spaces In The Cities.

Public Spaces Where Women Feel Unsafe.

Women In Unsafe Situation.

Essentials For Women Safety.

VULNEARBLE AGE GROPUSFig 9.1: Patrapada Square.

13%

ACCESSIBILITY ESCAPE ROUTES

FREQUENCY OF SUCH INCIDENCES0-15

5% 12%

16-30

27%

43%

15%

30%

As per the street survey, it is found that the most vulnerable age group that face these incidents is from 16-30(43%), and further followed by 31-45(27%).

VULNERABLE TIME WHEN WOMEN FEEL UNSAFE-

Chart 9.6: Showing The Percentage Of Frequency Of Crime Rates.

Source: Primary Survey.

As per the street survey, it is found that women face such incidences of harassments frequently(45%) or more than 5 times(30%) in a week.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR WOMEN SAFETYLACK OF RESPECT FOR WOMEN

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(32% of women) feel more unsafe in the markets, followed by urban streets (25%), and further followed by parks, recreational areas and urban streets and isolated areas.

WOMEN IN UNSAFE/ DANGEROUS SITUATION7%

10%

90%

YES

NO

93%

Chart 9.3: Showing The Percentage Of Women Avoiding The Public Spaces And Seeking For Help.

Source: Primary Survey.

It is found that majority of the population(90% of women) avoid going to these specified public spaces and 93% of women didn’t ask for help in dangerous situation.

ESSENTIALS FOR WOMEN SAFETYCHANGES IN DESIGN CHANGES IN (MEN's) BEHAVIOUR 12% 18% CHANGES OF POLICY CHANGES IN SERVICES 37%

33%

It is found that majority of the population(33% of women) feel that men’s behavior should be changed, followed by the changes in the policy and services.

Chart 9.4: Showing The Percentage Of Essentials.

Source: Primary Survey.

1 68%

AFTER 10PM

Fig 9.3: Bus Stop At Tamando

3PM - 7PM

3

9AM - 12PM 6AM - 9AM

Fig 9.4: Gohira Road

63.00%

POOR SIGNAGE/INFORMATION

45.00%

NH

COMMERCIAL

BUS TSOPS

SH

PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

ISOLATED AREAS

MINOR ROAD

RECREATIONAL AREAS

52.00%

Graph 9.2 : Showing The Percentage Of Factors Responsible For Safety.

Source: Primary Survey.

16%

23% 37%

38% 19%

13%

18% 22%

17% Fig 9.5 Jania Road

Map No. 9.1: Showing The Existing Landuse Map Surrounding The Focus Stretch.

STARING

OBSCENE GESTURES

MIRROR FLASHING

TAKING PHOTOS

COMMENTS SINGING

27% WHISTLING SEXUAL REMARKS

SHOUTING

ASSAULTS

STALKING

TOUCHING

Chart 9.7: Showing The Percentage Of Physical And Non-Physical Crime Rates.

Source: Primary Survey.

Source: Self Analysis.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

18%

POOR LIGHTING

42%

STREET SURVEY

29.00%

POOR MAINTENANCE

20%

28% RESIDENTIAL

39.00%

It is found that the most vulnerable time when The major factors responsible for the lack of women feel unsafe to access the public spaces women safety are poor lighting, isolated bus are after 10PM(68%) followed by 12PMstops/ node, lack of vendors and the most 3PM(63%) and followed by 7PM-10PM(49%). important factor is the lack of police patrolling.

TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT OR VIOLENCE FACED IN PUBLIC SPACES-

LEGEND FOCUS STRETCH

33.00%

ISOLATED BUS STOPS

Graph 9.1: Showing The Vulnerable Time That Make Women Feel Unsafe.

Source: Primary Survey.

5

51%

LACK OF VENDORS

36.00%

12PM - 3PM

NODES

22%

LACK OF POLICE PATROLLING

49.00%

7PM - 10PM

Street Survey Vulnearble Age Groups.

Frequency Of Crime Scenes.

Public Spaces Where Women Feel Unsafe.

Factors Responsible For Women Safety.

Types Of Sexual Harassment.

19%

MEN TAKING ALCOHOL/ DRUGS

2

4

MORE THAN 5 TIMES FREQUENTLY

46-60

Chart 9.5: Showing The Percentage Of Vulnerable Age-groups.

Source: Primary Survey.

Chart 9.2: Showing The Percentage Of Public Spaces That Make Feel Women Unsafe.

Source: Primary Survey.

2 OR 5 TIMES

45%

61-75

Fig 9.2 : Smrutivana Park

JUST ONCE

10%

31-45

MAJOR NODES 1. AIIMS SQUARE 2. PATRAPADA SQUARE 3. GOHIRA SQUARE 4. RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE 5. JANIA SQUARE

SAFE/ VERY SAFE

PLANNING THESIS

DATA ANALYSIS

SHEET NO. 9 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

STUDY AREA (ZONE-21)-

1

ANALYSIS OF URBAN STREETSLIGHTING

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

• Absent of street lights and at uneven frequency of 30m to 40m and lit at 30 lux.

• Improper sightlines and lack of proper illumination leads to dead possible corners and semiconstructed buildings with half hazard growth of settlements surrounding the focus stretch of both the zones can lead to major assault sites.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

Map No.10.1: Surrounding Landuse Of Aiims Square.

2

• Vandalism is seen with informal activities and lack of safe pedestrian pathways, signages, streetscapes, public toilets, water taps.

1

AIIMS SQUARE 3

Map No. 10.2: Surrounding Landuse Of Patrapada Square.

2

3 RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE

Fig 10.2: Informal Surveillance.

Fig 10.3: Improper Illumination.

Fig 10.4: Informal Settlement.

Fig 10.5: Isolated Internal Streets.

Fig 10.6: Absence Of Bus Stops

Fig 10.7: Improper Illumination.

Fig 10.8: Vandalism In The Bus Stops.

Fig 10.9: Inactive Nodes.

Fig 10.10 Informal Surveillance.

Fig 10.11: Lack Of Mix-landuse.

Fig 10.12 Informal Activities.

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE • Lack of CCTV camera on the streets and police patrolling on the focus stretch after having a dedicated police station also leads to informal activities and also increases vandalism on the roads.

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE • Inactive streets will lead to separate entrapment sites can increase the threat of informal activities.

ELEMENTS

Fig 10.1: Vandalism On Streets.

STREETS AIIMS

PATRAPADA

GOHIRA

JANIA

VISIBILITY

VISIBLE

VISIBLE

OBSTRUCTED

OBSTRUCTED

MIXED USE

LESS VARIETY

LESS VARIETY

LESS VARIETY

LESS VARIETY

LIGHTING

IMPROPER

ABSENT

ABSENT

ABSENT

ACCESSIBILITY

ACCESSIBLE

ACCESSIBLE

SURVEILLANCE

LACKING

LACKING

ABSENT

ABSENT

SIGNAGE

IMPROPER

IMPROPER

ABSENT

ABSENT

VIBRANCY

LACKING

LACKING

LACKING

LACKING

LESS ACCESSIBLE LESS ACCESSIBLE

Table No. 10.1: Showing The Physical Elements That Affect Safety Perception.

PATRAPADA SQUARE

ANALYSIS OF BUS STOPS AND NODES4

GOHIRA SQUARE

LIGHTING

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Lack of illumination in the Bus Stops and absence of lighting in the nodes of the focus stretch.

• Lack of street lights near the bus stops.

• Lack of signage's and guided route maps can lead to emergency assistance.

• Lack of accessibility to basic services and facilities.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

• Absence of emergency telephones at the bus stop.

• Broken and unshaded and absence of bus stops can lead to encouragement of informal activities.

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e.g. her route).

• There no other alternative welllit routes and presence of darks corners, dark nodes and isolated bus stops leads to fear of crime.

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

MIXED LANDUSE

• Absence of onboard or bus stop video surveillance for routes in the dark streets can encourage informal activities.

• Lack of police patrolling and CCTV’s in the bus stop can increase the threat of crime.

• Lack of specified mixed landuse near the bus stops and isolated nodes can lead to the encouragement of informal activities.

• It also leads to fear of crime for the women of all age groups.

JANIA SQUARE Map No. 10.3: Surrounding Landuse Of Gohira Square

4 LEGEND SAFE NODES

UNSAFE NODES

RESIDENTIAL

BUS STOPS

INFROMAL VENDORS

COMMERCIAL

NO STREET LIGHTS

NH

PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

ISOLATED AREAS

SH

RECREATIONAL AREAS

Map No. 10.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Urban Streets and Bus Stops/ Nodes.

Source: Self Analysis.

Map No.10.4: Surrounding Landuse Of Jania Square.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

DATA ANALYSIS

SHEET NO. 10 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

STUDY AREA (ZONE-21)-

1

ANALYSIS OF MARKETSLIGHTING

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

• Improper illumination in the market areas and absence of street lights in zone 21.

• Half hazard growth in the outskirt areas of both the zones and improper sightlines and Lack of specified mixed landuse near the market areas creates possible dead corners for the assaulters and the victims.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE • Lack of women friendly spaces and streets are encroached by the informal vendors which leads to informal activities.

Map No.11.2: Surrounding Landuse Of Aiims Square.

2

Map No. 11.3: Surrounding Landuse Of Gohira Square.

3 RAGHUNATHPUR 2 SQUARE

3

PATRAPADA SQUARE

GOHIRA SQUARE 4

4 JANIA SQUARE Map No. 11.4: Surrounding Landuse Of Jania Square

LEGEND SAFE NODES

UNSAFE NODES

Fig 11.2: Possible Assault Site.

Fig 11.3:Vandalism In Markets.

Fig 11.4: Wrecked Public Toilets.

Fig 11.5: Entrapment Site.

Fig 11.6: Informal Vendors.

Fig 11.7: Possible Assault Site.

Fig 11.8: Dark Corners In The Park.

Fig 11.9: Inactive Pathway In The Park.

Fig 11.10: Inactive Streets.

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE • CCTV camera are not installed in the shops present in the market.

• Lack of police patrolling on the focus stretch of both the zones and in the internal streets as the market areas found fully inactive and isolated.

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE • Inactive streets and vacant shops Alcohol and drugs users creates vandalism which leads to entrapment sites due to the lack of escape routes.

ELEMENTS

Fig 11.1: Missing Sign-Boards On Shops.

QUESTIONNAIRE(N=50)

OBSERVATION

HIDDEN WALKWAY

95%

RELEVANT

SINGLE LANDUSE

92%

RELEVANT

UNKEMPT LANDSCAPE

78%

NOT RELEVANT

LACK OF LIGHTING

97%

RELEVANT

POOR MAINTENANCE

81%

NOT RELEVANT

Table No. 11.1: Showing The Elements That Make Women More Unsafe In Markets.

ANALYSIS OF PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREASLIGHTING

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Lack of street lighting in the largest part of the park and the surrounding streets.

• The existing infrastructure was characterized as inadequate lighting, uneven and hampered by trees, walls and other objects in the recreational areas.

• Lack of clear spatial layout, signage's and guided route maps of the whole park and play zones.

• Lack of proper accessibility to entry gates and small number of entrances and large distances, leads to difficulty in evacuation.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack of women friendly spaces and clean public toilets, bins, and water taps and lactation booths to feed their children.

• Lack of diversity, uninviting park perimeter, improper sightlines and underutilized park spaces can create possible assault sites.

• Lack of public surveillance cameras and lack of exposed spots that grant a good overview of the park should be available (for meeting others, seeing and being seen) leads to the increase in the crime rate.

• Security guards are not assigned.

RESIDENTIAL

ELEMENTS INFROMAL VENDORS

BUS STOPS

COMMERCIAL

NO STREET LIGHTS

NH

PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC

ISOLATED AREAS

SH

RECREATIONAL AREAS

LACTATION BOOTH SURVEILLANCE UNKEMPT LANDSCAPE LIGHTING MAINTENANCE (TOILETS)

Map No. 11.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Markets, Recreational And Isolated Areas.

Source: Self Analysis.

Map No.11.5: Surrounding Landuse Of Jania Square.

Table No. 11.2: Showing The Safety Elements Required In The Recreational Areas.

Fig 11.11: Inactive Streets Connecting To Park.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

DATA ANALYSIS

Fig 11.12: Informal Activities Near Parks.

SHEET NO. 11 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

PUBLIC SPACES CONSIDERED

PARAMETERS LIGHTING SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

URBAN STREETS

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

ISSUES

LEVEL OF SAFETY

ISSUES

ZONE 13 • Improper illumination and absence of street lights in the outskirt areas of focus stretch.

• Many Semi-constructed and unoccupied buildings are seen in the stretch.

• Vandalism is seen near public toilets and lack of waste disposal facilities.

LEVEL OF SAFETY ZONE 21

VERY UNSAFE

MODERATELY SAFE

• Street lights are absent in the focus stretch and difficult to identify an object from 25m away.

• Unoccupied buildings with half hazard growth of settlements can create possible assault site.

• Deteriorated public toilets and lack of signages with wrecked pedestrian pathways.

VERY UNSAFE

MODERATELY SAFE

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE VERY SAFE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

LIGHTING

• Improper illumination and absence of street lights near the bus stops.

VERY UNSAFE

VERY SAFE

• Improper illumination and absence of street lights near the bus stops.

VERY UNSAFE

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILITY BUS STOPS AND NODES

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Lack of emergency services near the nodes and bus stops.

MODERATELY SAFE

• Inactive nodes and isolated bus stops exposes passengers to undue crime risk.

MODERATELY SAFE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

LIGHTING SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

MARKET AREAS

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e.g. her route) due to improper sightlines.

• Not even a single street light is place to illuminate the market areas.

• Lack of visibility due to bigger hoardings and sightlines are not good.

• Lack of women friendly spaces and public toilets and waste disposal facilities.

VERY SAFE

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e.g. her route) due to improper sightlines.

VERY SAFE

• Absence of street lights in the market areas.

VERY UNSAFE

MODERATELY SAFE

• Missing name boards and isolated markets can be great spots for assault sites.

• Deteriorated public toilets and encroachment of street vendors.

VERY UNSAFE

MODERATELY SAFE

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE VERY SAFE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

LIGHTING

• Lack of street lamps and sufficient lighting throughout the park and on park trails.

VERY UNSAFE

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• There is no proper provision in parks for changing diapers and feeding children.

MODERATELY SAFE

• Inadequate lighting, uneven and hampered by trees, walls and other objects

VERY UNSAFE

• Lack of diversity, uninviting park perimeter with improper sightlines.

MODERATELY SAFE

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e.g. her route) due to improper sightlines.

VERY SAFE

• Providing street lights in proper intervals(every 25m.) and elimination of dark alleys.

• Provision of buffer zones and proper sightlines.

• Provision for safe public amenities for women of all age groups.

• Introduction to new escape routes and demolition of entrapment sites.

• Provision of natural surveillance and introducing the concept of eyes on streets.

• Provision of led lights in the bus stops and increasing the frequency of street lights basically in the isolated bus stops/ nodes.

• Provision of route maps, signages and safe access to the basic services.

• Promotion of gender sensitive activities in the inactive nodes.

• Provision for natural surveillance as well as police patrolling and installation of CCTV cameras on the nodes and bus stops.

• Introduction of mobility chain where women can find alternative routes.

• Providing street lights in proper intervals(every 25m) and elimination of dark alleys in the markets.

• Installation of name plates on the shops by governmental policies to avoid the risks of crime.

• Provision for safe public amenities for women of all age groups.

• Installation of CCTV in shops and in the markets to avoid any crime scenario.

VERY SAFE

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILITY PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS

INFERENCE

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e.g. her route) due to improper sightlines.

VERY SAFE

• Provision of street lamps on the pathways with even frequency in the parks to avoid dark corners and reduce crime rates.

• Provision of guided route maps, with proper sign boards and basic services and facilities including women centric corners in the parks.

• Encouragement of gender sensitive activities and creating awareness among people.

• Installation of CCTV at the entry and exit points and security guards should also be assigned to avoid crime scenes.

Table No. 12.1: Showing The Overall Comparison of the issues.

Source: Self Analysis.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

DATA ANALYSIS

SHEET NO. 12 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

PROPOSALS AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL-

FOR SAFE URBAN STREETS-

1

1

LIGHTING-

2

BIRSAMUNDA SQUARE PATRAPADA SQUARE RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE

2

LUMBINI VIHAR SQUARE

For pedestrian lighting.

For carriageway lighting.

For pedestrian lighting.

HEIGHT-A

HEIGHT-B

HEIGHT-A

TYPES OF STREET LIGHTS TO BE INTEGRATED.

GOHIRA SQUARE LEGEND EXISTING STREET LIGHTS PROPOSED STREET LIGHTS

RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

Map No. 13.1: Showing The Focused Zones.

UNSAFE NODES

Map No. 13.2: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-13

JANIA SQUARE

Map No. 13.3: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-21

BOTH SIDE OPPOSITE.

SINGLE SIDE.

BOTH SIDE STAGGERED.

BIRSAMUNDA SQUARE

TWIN CENTRAL.

PATRAPADA SQUARE RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE

LUMBINI VIHAR SQUARE

3.5m PEDESTRIAN ZONE

MULTI-UTILITY ZONE + WALKWAY + FRONTAGE

VEHICULAR ZONE

CARRIAGEWAY + NONMOTORIZED VEHICLE

JANIA SQUARE

Map No. 13.5: Showing The Focus Stretch Where Zoning Of Streets Can Be Done In Zone-21

FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING-

2

3

Fig. 13.3: Showing The Existing Condition Of The Node.

4

5

6 Fig. 13.5: Showing The Vibrant Streets For Safe And Comfort Walking.

15m

Fig. 13.2: Showing The Zoning Of Streets.

1

Fig. 13.4: Showing The Existing Inactive Streets.

PEDESTRIAN ZONE

MEDIAN/ REFUGEE

Map No. 13.4: Showing The Focus Stretch Where Zoning Of Streets Can Be Done In Zone-13

1m

CARRIAGEWAY

PEDESTRIAN ZONE

2m

MULTI-UTILITY ZONE + WALKWAY + FRONTAGE

Encroachment by inorganized informal street vendors.

10m

PEDESTRIAN ZONE

VEHICULAR ZONE

0.5m Fig 13.1: Showing The Existing Condition Of The Focused Stretch.

CARRIAGEWAY

MEDIAN

Not well-maintained.

CARRIAGEWAY

VEHICULAR ZONE

10m

PEDESTRIAN ZONE

No segregated clear walkway and Inaccessible footpath.

2m

RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

15m VEHICULAR ZONE

3.5m

GOHIRA SQUARE

Lighting as key factor to the perception of safety. Lighting should enable clear sightlines for the users during the evening hours; it should be continuous and even.

• Placement of street lighting should be co-ordinated with other street elements like trees, signage, advertisement hoardings and only led lights is preferred because of lowest energy consumption and the height and spacing of light poles and illumination characteristics should comply with the IRC standards.

LOCATION OF STREET LIGHT

SPACE BETWEEN TWO POLES (M)

HEIGHT (M)

LENGTH OF THE OUTREACH (M)

INTENSITY (LUX)

Central Median

25 - 30

9 - 15

2-4

30

On Pedestrian Path

15

6.5

1 – 1.5

20

Table No. 13.1: Showing The Design Guidelines For Street Lights.

ZONING OF STREETSA complete street shall consist of identifiable zones, and is basically divided into the following zones: Pedestrian Zone: • Multi-utility Zone Vehicular Zone: • Non-motorized • Carriageway Vehicle • Frontage Zone • Edge Zone • Medians • Refugee Islands • Road Shoulders • Walkway • Trees and plants should be fundamentally incorporated in the stretch which should be taken proper care for the dedicated soft areas and benches should also be provided along the footpath, and complementing the shops.

• Informal street vendors should be provided with dedicated spaces and frontage of the shops spill over to the wide footpath, adding life to the street. Better signage, street lighting and seating which would make the stretch more vibrant and lively within the surrounding landuse.

• Mixed-use is an area with residential, commercial, and mixed-use components. Streets that cater to women of all age groups– designed with wide and continuous footpaths, safe pedestrian crossings, separate cycle tracks, conveniently placed bus stops, clearly designated on-street parking, organised street vending and properly-scaled carriageways.

1. ORGANIZED STREET VENDORS-

4. STREET FURNITURES

• Providing the street vendors a dedicated space with proper green buffers.

• Active vending spaces with proper lighting and maintenance with sign boards and shop names reduces the fear of crime.

• It will also lead to safe accessible pedestrian pathways and leads to a vibrant public space.

• Benches should be in the frontage zone. It should be provided with shade.

• Benches are recommended at adequate intervals of between 50m 100m.

• Seating capacity and intervals should be determined as per the adjacent land use and space availability.

2. SURVEILLANCE

5. FOOTPATH

• CCTV signals and GPS should be publicly distributed and monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes.

• Creating awareness in community while a women is being sexually harassed in the public spaces, strengthening the women by improving their confidence level, well lit public spaces, well patrolled public transport, trained transport personnel, use of CCTV cameras, use of Mahila patrol will go a long way in preventing the incidences.

• Width of footpaths is to be determined based on the street hierarchy and ROW, land use and pedestrian traffic and as per the universal accessibility design.

• In order to achieve minimum of 1.5m to 2m clear width of unobstructed walking zone, all such elements like trees, street lights and street furniture etc should be accommodated within MUZ (Multi utility zone) wherever provided.

3. REFUGE ISLANDS

6. PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS/ SIGNAGE’s

• Refuge islands are to be provided at all intersections, which require pedestrians to cross two-way traffic or two or more lanes and width of a median refuge island should be 1.8 m.

• The minimum width of 1.0m should be provided to have a proper visible sightline to reduce crime.

• Signal posts and should be fitted with a long outreach arm over which traffic lights can be mounted above each lane and signal changes are needed to increase pedestrian safety and travel efficiency.

• Signals should be located near the stop line at a height of min 5.5 m so that they are clearly visible from a recommended distance.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

PROPOSALS

SHEET NO. 13 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

PROPOSALS AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL-

FOR SAFE URBAN STREETS-

PROPOSALS AT POLICY LEVELFACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE-

BIRSAMUNDA SQUARE

PATRAPADA SQUARE RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE

LUMBINI VIHAR SQUARE GOHIRA SQUARE RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

PROPOSED TOILETS EXISTING TOILETS ENTRAPMENT SITE

1

PROPOSALS AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL-

2

ENTRAPMENT SITES AND UNOCCUPIED BUILDINGS-

• Provide accessible public toilets every 1.5 km on mobility and feeder corridors and one toilet is recommended in every 500m - 800m distance, • Public toilets should be located alongside transit stations and commercial areas with high footfall. They can be provided near offstreet parking areas as well.

• Public toilets should be integrated in the road design such that it is easily accessible and aesthetically integrated with the surroundings.

• Boundary walls to be avoided, and if not possible, then to be kept at a lower height. Windows and main doorways to have a good view of the street. Residential edge to be as porous as possible.

• Public to have a collaboration with the NGO’s to have a safety check on the entrapment sites and unoccupied buildings in frequent intervals.

• Police patrolling and provision of safety guards in those areas can lead to reduction of crime in those areas. Guard cabins if any, should be in the private domain, looking outwards.

GENDER SENSITIVE ACTIVITIES-

LEGEND

Map No. 14.1: Showing The Focus Stretch And Surrounding Landuse Of Zone-13

PUBLIC TOILETS

Map No. 14.2: Showing The Focus Stretch And Surrounding Landuse Of Zone-21

3

4

1. PLAYFUL AND INCLUSIVE FURNITURES-

2. VIBRANT SIDEWALKS-

• Choose low benches and seating with flat tops, so that women of all age groups can use them with easily.

• Provision of colourful street furniture to make the markets more vibrant.

• Choose edging along planters that railings that are low and wide enough for small feet.

• Introduction of patterned pavement over a small portion of the pavement area.

• Providing a smooth flat area of pavement, where women can have their own space.

• Drawing the beginnings of a game or some shapes on the pavement to make the markets more playful and vibrant.

3. TERRACE EQUIPMENT-

4. TEMPORARY STREET CLOSURE-

• Leave at least 1.5m pavement space free of tables and chairs, to allow free movement of pedestrians walking past. Provide shelter and protection by placing screens along the edges of the terrace.

• These active spaces make the markets more lively and vibrant.

• Consider which street is the most viable to close on a temporary basis to organize events to take place on the day the street is closed. Street games, street art, a barbecue, music will create a positive vibe and attract people and create awareness among men and women.

FOR SAFE BUS STOPS AND NODES

LIGHTING-

PATRAPADA SQUARE RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE LUMBINI VIHAR SQUARE

TYPES OF STREET LIGHTS TO BE INTEGRATED.

Fig. 14.1: Showing The Vibrant Bus Stops.

GOHIRA SQUARE

Fig. 14.2: Showing The Vibrant Bus Stops.

LEGEND EXISTING STREET LIGHTS PROPOSED STREET LIGHTS

RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

JANIA SQUARE

UNSAFE NODES

BOTH SIDE OPPOSITE.

SINGLE SIDE.

BOTH SIDE STAGGERED.

TWIN CENTRAL.

Map No. 14.3: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-13

Map No. 14.4: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-21

FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING-

Fig. 14.3: Showing The Bus Zone.

Fig. 14.4: Showing The Active Pedestrian Walkway.

1. BUS ZONE-

3. FURNITURES-

• Bus zone should be designed with a bus-bay at every bus stop; with capacity of a single bus at anytime.

• Surface markings should be provided for a bus at every bus zone.

These markings act as warning for pedestrians and other motorists to keep their distance from the bus zone – to avoid from creating obstructions and potential incidents and crimes.

• Seats should be placed within the bus shelter and not obstruct walkways or the wheelchair zone.

• Capacity of the seats should accommodate 15 people at any time, and the seating should be of bench-type, with a sitting pattern that functions to prevent users from sleeping on the facility, as well as restrict one seat to a single user.

2. PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY-

4. WASTE BINS AND SURVEILLANCE-

• Minimum width of the walkways should be 1500mm to accommodate, as well as to allow clearance of 420mm at each side.

• It should be connected directly to the bus stop platform without any physical obstructions, such as stairs exceeding 25mm in height.

• Railings should be installed at nodes as barrier to areas with high risk.

• Every waste bin at bus stops should be placed at a maximum distance of 1 meter from the platform, and a maximum of 350mm from the pedestrian walkways.

• Installation of CCTV and Mahila patrolling should be done at frequent intervals near the bus stops and nodes.

Fig. 14.5: Showing The Bus Shelter And The Required Facilities Within It.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

2. GENDER-DIFFERENTIATED ANALYSIS FROM AN INTERSECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE, AN INCLUSION TOOL TO ENSURE WOMEN’S SAFETY. • These tools includes a short video outlining approach and explains the benefits of examining the differentiated effects of an urban project on group that may be excluded and widely distributed to raise awareness of the importance of developing inclusive projects and checklist and a deployment package have also been made prepared to apply this analysis in the development, implementation or evaluation of projects.

3. THE USE OF WOMEN’S SAFETY AUDITS IN SAFE PUBLIC SPACES.

BIRSAMUNDA SQUARE

• Lighting within the bus shelter should be provided with a 250 watt (maximum) metal halide lamp and/or a 150 watt (maximum) high pressure sodium lamp.

• Lamps at the left and right sides of the shelter should be at a distance of 10m from the middle point of the facility.

• Solar lighting shall be provided in the shelter with a small vandal resistant control/battery box and solar panel securely mounted out of reach of passengers.

• The light fixture shall be vandal resistant and provide adequate illumination for passengers.

• The solar light shall provide a minimum of 8 hours of light with a full battery charge which would lead to reduction of crime in the night time.

• There should be proper illumination surrounding the bus stops and the nodes so that a women can feel safe while accessing these public spaces.

1. ADDRESSING DATA GAPS ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN PUBLIC SPACES. • Safe City and Safe Public Spaces programmes have also further innovated to pilot new intersectional analysis tools, and to enhance the capacity of stakeholders, including local governments, police, civil society and grassroots women’s organizations to address the data gaps and to reduce crime rates.

PLANNING THESIS

PROPOSALS

• First Phase: In 1st phase a manual or ‘pen and paper’ safety audits should be used in community settings.

• Then a group of 5-6 participants are chosen with a pre-designed checklist to know the vulnerable public spaces and time.

• These recorded observations helped to formulate recommendations that should be presented to local government officials and other relevant decision-makers.

• Second Phase: WSA also became one of the main interventions to implement women’s safety initiatives.

This methodology is to be adapted in a phonebased application, called Safetipin is to be implemented and Jagori is the leading community service organization serving the needs and concern on women safety.

• Third Phase: Here Open Street Audit Mapping (OSAM) is to be adapted as a community-based communication tool to initiate conversations with men, boys, women and girls on women’s safety and the use of public space.

4. PLANNING INTERVENTIONS IN MASTER PLAN/ CITY (DEVELOPMENT PLAN. • Gender-sensitive public square design: redesigning several public spaces.

• Designing pedestrian routes with extra consideration for benches, streetlights,

SHEET NO. 14 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

PROPOSALS AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL-

FOR SAFE URBAN MARKETS-

PROPOSALS AT POLICY LEVELTYPES OF STREET LIGHTS TO BE INTEGRATED.

BIRSAMUNDA SQUARE PATRAPADA SQUARE RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE BOTH SIDE OPPOSITE.

SINGLE SIDE.

LUMBINI VIHAR SQUARE GOHIRA SQUARE

1

2

3

4

LEGEND EXISTING STREET LIGHTS PROPOSED STREET LIGHTS

RAIL VIHAR SQUARE

Map No. 15.1: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-13

UNSAFE NODES

JANIA SQUARE 1. ORGANIZED VENDING ZONES. 2. PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY.

Map No. 15.2: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-21

3

1. ACCESSIBLE STREETS-

3. STREET FURNITURES-

• Addition of a smaller smooth strip of paving over which prams can easily be pushed in the markets.

• Use of different types or patterns of paving to divide the pavement area into recognizable zones, such as safe walking zone, market zones, playing zone, and an unsafe zone next to parked cars.

• Provision Of Flip-down Wall Bench- In areas where space is limited, for example, a narrow pavement, flip-down benches can be a spaceefficient method to provide resting spaces.

• Provision Of Height-split Bench- Where there is extra space, benches can be height-split, to allow toddlers to climb onto them easily.

2. SHADING AND COOLING ELEMENTS

4. GREEN PLANTATION/ BUFFER ZONE-

• Ideal shading is the natural shading, where possible: to use trees, bushes and climbers and to provide continuous shade.

• Provide shaded spots where children and their caregivers(women) need to wait: at bus stops, at busy traffic junctions, markets etc.

• Use planting at different heights- trees for shading and lower plants at the scale of small children.

• Plants can be placed in various zones in the street: against facades, in a zone between traffic and pedestrians.

FOR SAFE PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS-

LEGIBILITY AND SIGHTLINES-

TYPES OF STREET LIGHTS TO BE INTEGRATED.

LIGHTING AND SIGNAGE• Establish a hierarchy of lighting types and intensities in a parks layout.

The main activity areas and routes should be the first priority.

• Cluster night time activities in parks such that they are connected by a well illuminated routes • Provide lighting at the perimeter to complement street lighting and ensure that the park is inviting to enter from the street.

• Choose a lighting type to reflect the use of the public realm being lit: high unadorned lights to shine onto grassed surfaces, and lower, attractive armatures to light footpaths and pavements.

• Locate signage at key entry points and activity areas. Ensure that signage is positive, informational and well lit.

• Provision of well- lit escape routes.

BOTH SIDE OPPOSITE.

3

Fig. 15.5: Showing The facilities and maintenance required in the park.

4

• Entrances and exits should be easy to locate for a first time user, and especially for a caregiver(women) with young children.

• Have pathways connect with destinations, and well sign-posted.

• Locate active areas such as playing fields within a park such that there is clear visibility between them to encourage surveillance.

• Make sure that there are no solid walls, planting edges along main routes that obstruct sightlines.

SINGLE SIDE.

FENCING/ PERMEABLE PERIMETER-

Fig. 15.3: Showing Active Streets With Proper Lighting And Street Lights Are Placed In The Parks In Proper Frequency

BOTH SIDE STAGGERED.

2

TWIN CENTRAL.

FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING-

Fig. 15.2: Showing The facilities and maintenance required in The Markets and commercial space.

PROPOSALS AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL-

BOTH SIDE STAGGERED.

• Choose a lighting type to reflect the use of the public realm being lit: High unadorned lights to shine onto road surfaces, and lower, attractive armatures to light footpaths and pavements.

• Add low-level lighting where the paving is uneven, or where there are steps to illuminate these obstacles better.

• Place lighting elements for pavement areas at frequent intervals. As a general rule of thumb, at least every 20 to 30 meters.

• Have a lighting expert calculate the level of lighting along the whole street. Ideally, the lighting level along the entire length of the pavement area should be constant.

• Consider the position lighting elements relative to the position of trees and other plants. Make sure that branches do not obstruct any light.

• Ensure that play areas are well lit. Also lighting levels should not cause excessive glare.

Fig. 15.1: Showing The Level of Lighting to be used.

2

1

1. STREET LIGHTS/FURNITURES. 2. CYCLE TRACKS.

LIGHTING-

• Fencing does not necessarily mean using of actual fences. Depending on the needs of a public space, fencing can be achieved with the use of hedges or plants in general, other objects and street furniture or simple ground demarcation.

• Keep fencing permeable, with frequent openings every 50-80 metres.

TWIN CENTRAL.

FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING/ FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE1. SURVEILLANCE

2. TOILETS AND DRINKING WATER-

• In corners of the public realm obstructed from views from overlooking windows.

• Use cameras that are vandal-proof.

• Place cameras in high positions, where they give a good overview of the space and are not easily reached.

• Toilets as safe and convenient ITC friendly amenity and stroller-friendly walkway access to drinking water taps.

• Maintenance of both these facilities is as important as installing them.

Provision of toilets should be undertaken for maintenance; otherwise the facility seek to drive away people, and increase informal activities.

3. SHADING AND COOLING ELEMENTS

4. LACTATION BOOTHS-

• Ideal shading is the natural shading, where possible: to use trees, bushes and climbers and to provide continuous shade.

• Provide shaded spots where children and their caregivers(women) need to wait: at bus stops, at busy traffic junctions, markets etc.

• The space should be fitted with comfortable seats, washing facilities and homey and not shabbily put up.

• The space should be checked routinely for cleanliness, dimly lit and quiet.

• The access to the space should be stroller-friendly.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR

PLANNING THESIS

PROPOSALS

• Ramps for strollers and wheelchairs, wide pathways, and continuous connections with vibrancy and multi-purpose use of buildings to keep the space busy throughout the day and avoid dead areas.

• To built safe inclusive street design with proper built environment , design elements/ urban design intervention such as place making.

5. GENDER EQUALITY ACTION PLAN ADDRESSING WOMEN’S SAFETY THROUGH AN INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH. • The Gender Equality Action Plan are policy frameworks to ensure that women’s empowerment and gender equality are achieved through an intersectional approach.

• Key action to prevent and respond to SH and other forms of SVAWG in public spaces comprised in the plan include: capacitybuilding of peacekeepers patrolling on how to address SH in public spaces, improvement of essential services, empowerment of young women, genderresponsive infrastructure and community mobilization.

6. SCHEMES TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN NATIONAL LEVEL. • • • •

One Stop Centre.

Women Helpline.

UJJAWALA. Mahila Shakti Kendryas.

7. LOCAL INTEGRATED POLICIES THAT INCLUDE THE MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION OF GRASSROOTS WOMEN AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS.

• The aim is to invest in solutions that should better address the specific needs of women who may be subject to multiple and simultaneous discrimination based on historical, political and social contexts.

8. ENSURING WOMEN AND GIRLS’ SAFETY ACTION IS EMBEDDED IN A MUNICIPAL GENDER EQUALITY POLICY. • Equal participation and citizenship: Address structural barriers that infringe on women’s rights in the city.

• Liveable and inclusive neighbourhoods: Ensure that urban public spaces are safe for and inclusive of women and girls’ needs.

9.

MONITORING WOMEN’S SAFETY INTERVENTIONS TO ENHANCE JUSTICE FOR ALL WOMEN. • Improved advocacy skills, access to public information and inclusive monitoring tools, women rights are equipped to monitor women’s safety initiatives.

SHEET NO. 15 SUBMITTED BY:

ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)