Rethinking The Accessibility Of Public Spaces For Women Safety: A Case Study Of Bhubaneswar

SYNOPSIS-:

• Bhubaneswar is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha It is one of the oldest city of India, finding its origin around the 2nd Century B.C during the Chedi Dynasty and also Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of Sisupalgarh, the ancient capital of the former province of Kalinga It is also known as the city of Temples and known to be one of the major center of religious and economic hub in western Odisha

• The modern city Bhubaneswar, was designed by German architect Otto Konigsberger in 1946 and was established to shape the city in serving as an administrative centre for the state Bhubaneswar considered as one of the first planned cities of modern India along with Chandigarh and Jamshedpur Bhubaneswar is a Two-Tier City and developing quickly as one of the educational hubs It caters more than 1 4 Million population today

LOCATION-:

Bhubaneswar is the most important city of Khordha district and is situated in the eastern part of India and is situated at an elevation of 45m above the sea level and the city is located at 20° 17 N latitude and 85° 49 E longitude

INTRODUCTION TO THE CITYREGIONAL SETTING-

CLIMATE-: GEOGRAPHY-:

Bhubaneswar is blessed with tropical climate with temperature varying from 15ºC to 42ºC and average temp of 27 4ºC The annual rainfall is about 1542 mm, humidity is high(94%) and flow of wind is in N-W direction

It is in the Eastern Coastal Plains, along the axis of the Eastern Ghat Mountains It is surrounded by the Daya river in the South and Kuakhai river in the East It has a fertile soil containing 65% laterite, 25% alluvial and 10% sandstone

SCOPE-

• This will provide a concept of 'Safe Smart City' for women which includes their equal rights to the city and public places within it.

• This will increase women’s and girl’s freedom of movement and also it will increase their access to essential services and their enjoyment of cultural and recreational activities, and will increase their quality of living.

• This will promote safe city with all the needs and concern for the vulnerable group of women and will help in the reduction of crime against women.

LIMITATION’S-

• Time constraint.

• The study is limited to the vulnerable group of women

• Financial part is not considered for the study.

JUSTIFICATION TO THE STUDY AREA-

• Safety of women in Bhubaneswar has been a major concern over the last 9-10 years Life of a women has become miserable day by day they are more prone to vulnerability and fall victim in their own community.

• As compared to other Indian cities in the country, women torment is more at Bhubaneswar. Day to day crimes like physical torture, eve teasing, sexual harassments and rape has become a major concern in the Bhubaneswar city

• Different types of violence against women-:

BM is the local urban governing body .The civic administrative body covers an area of 135 sq km and has a population size of 8 4 lakhs (according to census 2011) The BMC was established in 1994.The city is divided in to 67 ward and 46 revenue villages

It is comprising of Bhubaneswar, Khurda Jatani and its adjoining areas has a population 13 7 lakhs (according to census 2011) and stretches over 419 sq km And the total BDPA and BMC area of Khurda District is divided in to 25 No of Zone

• To understand the perceptions of safety amongst women and providing a safe, secure and suitable urban environment to the women and girls by considering their needs and concern in the public spaces.

OBJECTIVES-

• To study and identify the existing rampant causes of harassment and violence against women in various public spaces in urban environment.

• To study and analyze the safety parameters in various public spaces interns of women’s perception.

• To enlist gender sensitive activities in public spaces and participation of women in decision making process

• To ensure safe and secure public spaces by effective planning legislations, interventions and guidelines to facilitate women’s equal right in the city.

CONNECTIVITY-

• As the capital of Odisha, Bhubaneswar is a prime hub and connecting route to all of the major cities within the state and most within the country

• All the major transportation nodes, i e , Biju Pattnaik International Airport, Master Canteen Station, Mancheswar Railway Station and Barmunda Bus Stand, fall within a 6 km radius from the city center and 13 km radius from the AOI.

ISSUE’s-

• MALE DOMINATED PUBLIC SPACES: The public spaces present in the urban built environment are basically dominated by the male population

• LACK OF MIXED LAND USE : Improper mixed use of land is another issue that leads to the formation of dark spot area in isolated residential spaces and basically in the peri-urban areas.

• LACK OF DENSIFICATION : The outskirt area of the city are basically characterized by low population density which can encourage the anti social activities in these area than other

• SAFE ACCESSIBILTY TO PUBLIC SPACES : Lack of proper pedestrian pathway, visibility, improper sightlines and landscaping leads to the increase in the fear of crime, so there should be enough facility of safe public accessibility to the public spaces which can lower the incidence of violence against women

• LACK OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE : Women always experience fear of harassment and stress while accessing to inadequate potable water and outdoor toilets in their day to day lives

• LACK OF SAFE PUBLIC SPACES : Lack of safe public spaces like garden, Parks ,safe market areas, safe urban streets , safe & accessible pedestrian path ways are another issues which required to be addressed immediately

On an average more than 100-150 cases of kidnapping of girl (including girl child & adults) every year

METHODOLOGY-

On an average more than 250 cases of Sexual Harassment (including girl child & adults) every year

On an average more than 100-120 cases of Rape (including girl child & adults) every year.

On an average more than 460 cases of Eve teasing (including girl child & adults) every year

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY

NEED OF THE STUDY

FORMULATION OF AIM

• To understand the perceptions of safety amongst women and providing a safe, secure and suitable urban environment to the women and girls by considering their needs and concern in the public spaces

FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVE

• To study and identify the existing rampant causes of harassment and violence against women in various public spaces in urban environment

• To study and analyze the safety parameters in various public spaces interns of women’s perception

• To enlist gender sensitive activities in public spaces and participation of women in decision making process.

• To ensure safe and secure public spaces by rethinking or redesigning the planning legislations and guidelines for women safety in the city

SCOPE AND LIMITATION’s

Conceptual Literature

• Concepts

• Guideline And Policies

Primary Data Collection

• Focused Group Discussion

• Safety Audits

• Preparation Of Checklists

• Street Survey

• Safety Report Card

LITERATURE STUDY

DATA COLLECTION

DATA ANALYSIS

DATA INTERPRETATION RECOMMENDATION’s AND PROPOSALS

Empirical Literature

• Articles And Journals

• Case Studies

Secondary Data Collection

• Data From State Crime Record Bureau

• Data From National Crime Record Bureau

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

BHUBANESWAR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (BMC)

BHUBANESWAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN AREA (BDPA)

CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE-:

Basically a Public Space is a place outside the boundaries of individual or small-group control, used for a variety of often-overlapping functional and symbolic purposes Public spaces, therefore, are usually multipurpose spaces distinguishable from completely green, partially green, or nongreen to soft or hard areas between built structures that are accessible to the public in the same way Generally public spaces can be considered as urban streets, parks, sidewalks, urban squares, parking areas etc

WHY THERE IS A NEED OF GENDER INCLUSIVITY IN PUBLIC SPACE?

In today’s scenario crimes against women diminishes their freedom and limits and their participation in socio-economic activities outside the home So planning and designing safe public spaces for women and girls means creating public spaces with features that enhance women’s accessibility and make them feel safe

As we know, that the activities that are performed in the public spaces are mainly dominated by male, so the women are more exposed to fear of crime in urban cities This is the reason for which women have to prefer to stay in closed and safeguarded places and to avoid urban streets, parks, plazas, public transportation vehicles and areas, especially in the isolated areas, which makes them feel insecure while walking on the streets, and also restrict the right to freedom of movement in the urban cities. Safety planning and design involves more than just the tangible, physical features of a space, though interventions at this level may occur first in safe cities for women program It is necessarily a participatory process whereby community members can work together to create urban public spaces that accommodate strong social relations

GUIDELINE/ POLICIES/ SCHEMES-:

TITLE YEAR AIM

UJJAWALA : A COMPREHENSIVE SCHEME FOR PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING AND RESCUE, REHABILITATION AND REINTEGRATION OF VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING AND COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION

The scheme was launched in the year 2007 and recently revised in the year 2019

THE ISSUES: WOMEN AND PUBLIC SPACE-

Women and girls experience situations of violence that are different from those experienced by men Violence that is imposed against women and girls because of their gender is one of the worst discriminations that they suffer Women and girls are sexually harassed, in streets, in parks and plazas, and in other public spaces Thus it can be a problematic because public space should belong to everyone and everyone should have a right to use it and women should feel free to use these public spaces

WHY IS PLANNING AND DESIGNING SAFE PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IMPORTANT?

Safe planning and design for women and girls is important because it creates public spaces where women and all users have equal opportunity to be healthy, secure and happy. This kind of planning is based on the fact that the physical design of urban spaces affects women’s use and enjoyment of the public realm

Designing and planning safe public spaces for women and girls is important because:

• It raises awareness that space is not neutral; the design of spaces can either facilitate or inhibit their use, appropriation and safety for women and girls.

• It recognizes that gender and gender relations between women and men which are the key factors that how urban spaces are organized and developed

• It recognizes that the public spaces in urban cities are usually based on a traditional notion of the family and a traditional division of labor among women and men Furthermore, it promotes initiatives to change this spatial organization in order to reflect changing gender roles in society

• It is a useful tool to improve the quality of urban and community life and to reduce women’s fear and victimization and it promotes the right to the city and to citizenship for women and girls as a condition for equitable and sustainable cities and communities

OBJECTIVE’s INFERENCE

SAFETY PARAMETERS OF THE PUBLIC SPACES-

VISIBILITY/ SIGHTLINES-

It is a multi sectorial approach which is needed to undertake preventive measures to arrest trafficking especially in vulnerable areas and sections of population; and to enable rescue, rehabilitation and reintegration of the trafficked victims

Ø To prevent trafficking of women and girls for commercial sexual harassments through social mobilization and involvement of local communities, awareness generation programs, generate public awareness through workshops/seminars

Ø To facilitate rescue of victims from the place of their exploitation and place them in safe custody

Ø To provide rehabilitation services both immediate and long-term to the victims by providing basic amenities/needs such as shelter, food, clothing, medical treatment including counseling, legal aid and guidance and vocational training.

Ø Sensitization/ Training Workshops/ Seminars for Enforcement agencies and Urban/Local communities

Ø Creation of awareness through mass media, digital Communication and Social media

Ø To ensure suitable, viable administrative arrangements for running the Ujjawala Projects that includes smooth operations under the Scheme and its components

Visibility and clear sightlines are an important factor in enhancing the perception of safety and reducing the fear of crime Creating this sense of open-ness in various public spaces it needs to be balanced with the desire to create a diverse and natural landscape

MIXED USE-

Mixed-use is an area with residential, commercial, and mixeduse components Streets of this area should be designed to cater to the requirements of both resident and visiting population.

LIGHTING-

ONE STOP CENTRE SCHEME

The scheme was launched in 1st April 2015

The motive of One Stop Centres (OSCs) are proposed to support women affected by violence, in private and public spaces, within the family, community and at the workplace.

Ø To provide integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence and harassments both in private and public spaces under one roof.

Ø To facilitate immediate, emergency and non-emergency access to a range of services including medical, legal, psychological and counseling support under one roof to fight against any forms of violence against women

Ø To provide rescue and referral services to the women of all age groups who all were affected by violence, irrespective of caste, class, religion, region, sexual orientation or marital status

Good lighting plays a vital role in the perception of safety Well-lit routes along streets will attract more people, be safer and allow for extended use of the street in the evening and night hours

ACCESSIBILITY-

Making sure that open spaces are accessible to women and their needs to be given special concern This includes measures such as specific, resting facilities, inclination ramps for strollers and safety from getting victimized

SURVEILLANCE-

UNIVERSALISATION OF WOMEN HELPLINE SCHEME

The scheme was launched in the year 2018

The Scheme is planned to provide 24 hours of immediate and emergency response to women affected by violence through referral and information about women related with the government schemes programs across the country through a single uniform number.

Ø To provide toll-free 24-hours telecom service to women who all were affected by violence seeking support and information

Ø To facilitate crisis and non-crisis interventions by the recommendation of appropriate agencies such as police/ Hospitals/ Ambulance services/ District Legal Service Authority (DLSA)/ Protection Officer (PO)/OSC

Ø To provide information about the appropriate support services, government schemes and programs available to the woman affected by violence, in her particular situation within the local area in which she resides or is employed

Ø To ensure safety of woman or girl facing violence within public or private sphere of life through different programs or schemes

Having a camera monitoring system in the public spaces can make women feel safer, because they have the perception that some-one is keeping an eye on activities on the public space and also act as a deterrent for criminals

MAINTENANCE-

Maintenance and the organisation of public space at the outset of the planning and design process is essential It helps to optimise the benefits and support the productive functioning and ultimate success of public spaces

VIBRANT ACTIVITIES-

Promoting gender sensitive activities in the public spaces and enhancement of the landscape and design of the built environment creates a vibrant public space and leads to the reduction of crime

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

Table No. 2.1: Showing The Policies And Guidelines For Women Safety.

Source: Ministry Of Women And Child Development

SAFE PUBLIC SPACES AND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE.

CONTESTED GENDERED SPACE: PUBLIC SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND WOMEN’S SAFETY WORK.

FIONA VERA-GRAY A AND LIZ KELLY

Ø

Feminist research and activism have been engaging with the extent of men’s intrusive practices on women in public spaces which leads to violence

Ø The public spaces should convey that men’s practices on women and girls is understood not only in terms of their safety but also their freedom which should not limit their space for action and should not responsiblise them for getting victimize.

Ø The identification of online tools for documenting public sexual harassment has also revealed the extent to which women and girls change their behavior –because of the possibility of experiencing sexual violence in public spaces.

Ø The change in behavior, and the beliefs provide a new lens on an old problem, commonly referred to as the “Fear Of Crime Paradox”.

Ø To the study the idea of invisible work into the realm of violence against women and rebuild their sense of self and belonging in the public spaces

Ø To provide an approach with a mode of resistance in the public spaces through planning guidelines and principles.

VISIBILITY; LIGHTING AND SAFE URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

SAFE PUBLIC PLACES: RETHINKING DESIGN FOR WOMEN SAFETY

SEEMANTINI SORAGANVI Ø Lack of urban infrastructure – dark or badly lighted streets, derelict parks and empty lots, badly maintained public spaces, inadequate signage, lack of public toilets

Ø Empty streets at night because of early closing of shops and businesses or lack of a tradition of street life also leads to the violence against women of all age groups.

Ø Lack of adequate public transport.

Ø Insufficient presence and unresponsive/aggressive attitudes of police and civic authorities.

Ø Isolation from neighborhood and lack of community life

Ø Ideas and beliefs about appropriate behavior, leading to reluctance to protest in cases of public violence

Ø To recognize gender relations between women and men and identify the key factors that how urban spaces are organized and developed

Ø To recognize that how the city spatially reflects the specific social, economic and historical characteristics that are unique to local women’s situations.

Ø To determine the behaviors and differences in the lives of women and men

Ø To recognize that women’s fears are based on reality and it is a useful tool to improve the quality of urban and community life of women of all age groups and to reduce women’s fear and victimization.

GENDER VIOLENCE; CRIME IN TRANSIT SETTINGS.

WOMEN’S PERCEPION

MUKTA NAIK

Ø Lack of public realm which facilitates a safe built environment for the women of all age groups

Ø Lack of proper lighting has been a major concern when stepping into the public realm and potentially lead them to threatening situations

Ø Visibility also becomes another guiding factor which ensure a sense of safety and there are no potential hiding spots

Ø To collect primary information on women's perception in a public realm.

Ø To provide separate residential and employment zones and a transport network to facilitate safe movement in the urban areas

Ø To understand and analyse how women can negotiate the public realm and what factors affect their safety in the public spaces.

GENDER AS A FACTOR DIFFERENTIATING THE PERCEPTIONS OF SAFETY IN URBAN PARKS.

PAULINA POLKO A, KINGA KIMIC Ø Lack of safe built environment which become vulnerable for all the vulnerable groups of women

Ø Lack of security and visibility in urban parks and spaces is a gateway to more crimes

Ø Lack of barriers, fences and walls in the public spaces also leads to crime.

Ø Lack of safety against crime, include the presence of law enforcement agencies, such as police and guards, and video surveillance

Ø Provision of visibility, and external security with proper surveillance in the urban parks and public spaces

Ø To ensure safety of women proper urban infrastructure should be provided

Ø To provide a accessible and safer sensory environment.

WOMEN’S TRANSIT SAFETY: MAKING CONNECTIONS AND DEFINING FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE.

WOMEN'S SAFETY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT; A PILOT INITIATIVE IN BHOPAL

VANIA CECCATO Ø Poor supply of public transportation and services in the peri-urban areas leads to the expose of sexual victimization

Ø Shortfall of passengers in the outskirts leads to the lack of security needs of women passengers.

Ø To consider the differentiated levels of vulnerabilities and women with disabilities became the easy targets of sex offenders

AMIT BHATT Ø Bus stops are located at isolated areas and lack of institutional capacity.

Ø Insufficient and obstructed footpaths are seen with inconsistent street lighting and street furniture's

Ø Lack of information on service routes and lack of surveillance which hampers the safety of women in transit facilities.

Ø To introduce door-to-door approach in the transit journey.

Ø To strengthen social control and management by creating campaigns and policy frameworks

Ø To ensure that the transport providers fulfil minimum standards of service provision with proper law enforcement.

Ø To provide an approach of Institutional Capacity to understand and address women’s issues

Ø To evaluate the Service Planning and Operations in which the public transport can be planned and operated

Ø To enhance the quality and design of public transport infrastructure like bus stops and public transport vehicles

Ø To enforce the mitigation measures and access of women to grievance system if any case arises.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

OF SAFETY IN PUBLIC PLACES.

CASE STUDIES-:

GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT; A CASE STUDY OF VIENNA-

WOMEN FREINDLY CITY PROJECT IN SEOUL METROPOLITAN CITY, KOREA-

AIM- AIM-

This study aims to understand how people and their actions in public spaces shape perceptions of safety amongst women, and how women negotiate public spaces to avoid such incidents of harassment

OBJECTIVE’s- ISSUE’s-

• Equitable resource distribution through awareness of different spatial needs

• Attractiveness, safety and security of the housing environment

• Representation based on equitable participation and involvement of all groups in development and decision-making processes

FOCUS ON PUBLIC SPACE PLANNING-:

• The developed functional diagrams for streetscape projects selected for gender mainstreaming are for pilot purposes. The pilot areas are the key destinations and facilities those are essential fro everyday trips like public transport stops, public buildings, as well as their entrances, waiting areas, etc

• Lack of differentiated design of public open spaces in the urban quarter

• Lack of systematic planning and provision of social infrastructure facilities for all age groups of women

• Lack of user-friendly distribution of public open spaces in the urban quarter

FOCUS ON PUBLIC PARKS AND GARDEN-:

• The designs are complied with the requirements by proposing a differentiated and well-thought zoning concept for the park like sports, zones and areas for play and exercise for all age groups Moreover, a clearly structured footpath network, adequate visual axes and efficient illumination were included as well

• The project aimed to improve the cities public spaces by reflecting the women’s perceptions in the policies by improving their quality of living

• It is called “Women Friendly City Project” since it’s a policy which aims to encourage social participation and establishes a women-friendly sociocultural environment

OBJECTIVE’s-

• Promote women's right in the urban cities

• Create safe built environment

• Promote women’s participation in policy making

• Establish gender governance

PRACTICES OF GENDER MAINSTERAMING-

WOMEN AND FAMILY POLICY AFFAIRS-

SAFE PARKING FOR WOMENACCESSIBILITYPROTECTION

PROJECT MECHANISM-:

Expanding the scope of women related policy

Participation in all divisions of the projects.

Improvization of laws and regulations. Addressing the problems in their daily lives.

Female citizen participation

Women friendly project

• To ensure safety of the carrier-interrupted women employment, provision of affordable and high quality facilities

• Focus on the public spaces, and parking areas with women friendly facilities

• To ensure mitigation measures to help women to access the urban streets and public spaces

• To create crime free living spaces and environment.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION OF WOMEN FRIENDLY SEOUL CITY-

WOMEN FRIENDLY BUILT ENVIRONMENT

• Korea adopted redevelopment projects with crime prevention system such as public spaces with female care facilities, and public toilet facilities and drinking water fountain at regular intervals

• Visual barriers are avoided in public spaces and active spaces are created with mix use of land

INFERENCE-:

PROJECT MECHANISM-:

SETTING OBJECTIVES INITIAL ASSESMENT OF AREA SELECTION OF AREA TO BE DESIGNED

INFERENCE-:

EVALUATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

COMMUNICATION WORK AND TRANSFER OF RESULTS

DERIVATION AND ELABORATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS

TRANSLATION AND PROCESSING OF RESULTS

SELECTION AND SET OF METHODS

PROJECT DESIGN

There should be a spatial and functional networking of open spaces and popular gathering places of open spaces children and young people by means of urban design.

Combination of both functionalized zones and open-ended, flexible sub-zones for mix land uses.

Promotion of gender-sensitive activities and participation of women in decision making process.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING

WOMEN FRIENDLY FACILITIES

• Seoul city is designing urban space and facilities from the view point of gender equality to reflect the needs and preferences of women

• establishing a gender-sensitive urban model to improve and expand convenience facilities for women in the public spaces

To provide women friendly infrastructure and creation of accessible route to the urban streets, and spaces through planning interventions.

SAFE IN THE CITY? NEGOTIATING SAFETY, PUBLIC SPACE AND THE MALE GAZE IN KOLKATA, INDIA-

AIM-

This study aims to understand how people and their actions in public spaces shape perceptions of safety amongst women, and how women negotiate public spaces to avoid such incidents of harassment

OBJECTIVE’s-

• To study the personality traits, appearances, and behaviors of men, as well as the spatial characteristics of the urban streets and the activities therein, shape women’s perceptions of safety.

• To generate awareness into everyday contestations and negotiations, as well as participants’ perceptions of safety in public spaces in the context of the urban streets of Kolkata

PROJECT MECHANISM-:

IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AND FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS

PARTICIPANT RECRUITMENT AND PROFILE

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

ISSUE’s-

• Women are generally forced to negotiate rather than fight to reclaim their right to public spaces

• Due to the rate of increase in crimes against women, have witnessed women to avoid or minimize their use of public spaces

• Lack of women participation in gender sensitive activities and decision making process

INFERENCE-:

VISUAL SURVEYS

DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS

OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

To provide universal access to safe inclusive and accessible public spaces for women under the schemes like AMRUT and Smart City Mission

To promote gender based activities to create equity and unity between men and women

SITE LOCATION-

Some of the major issues found in the study area are lack of densification in the outskirts, or isolated areas (bus stops or nodes), improper mixed use of land, lack in proper maintenance of public spaces, lack of formal/ informal surveillance in the parks, community centre, or recreational areas, and lack of proper accessibility to the market areas

The parameters selected for the site location are-:

• Projected Population

• Crime Records

• Major Crime Hotspots

• Activity Centre

• Movement of Settlement Pattern

TOTAL POPULATION885,363

FEMALE POPULATION417,320

SITE SELECTION ON THE BASIS OF POPULATION PROJECTION-

• A population projection is a scientific approach to calculate and analyze the increasing or decreasing population growth rate of each zone taken into consideration for the study

• From the above table Chandrasekharpur and Tamando Zones are estimated to have the highest growth rate followed by Aigania, Bhubaneswar (New Town) And East Kuakhia Zones.

• Irregular growth, lack of basic services and facilities in the public spaces leads to fear of crime for the women of all age groups which leads to many problems related to assaults and face offences in their day to day life

• So due to the rapid urbanization and population growth most of the public spaces in Bhubaneswar is becoming unsafe for the women and girls and the table below showing the increasing growth in crime against women over the last 7 years

• Lack of proper illumination on the Xavier road, Rail Vihar road and Lumbini Vihar road.

• Semi-constructed or unoccupied buildings are seen from Xavier square, to Birsamunda square which can act as the major entrapment or possible assault sites

• Dark alleys and abandoned buildings exposes passengers to undue crime risk

• Signs of vandalism are seen near the bus stop and nodes

• Being the future growth points there is a major lack of women friendly spaces and inactive public spaces intensifies the crime

• Insufficient lighting and lack of even distribution of street lights leads to the growth of informal activities

• Vacant shops and buildings and improper mixed landuse and some residential areas are isolated from the township in the focus stretch leads to growth of informal settlements and activities

• Broken and unshaded and absence of bus stops can lead to encouragement of informal activities

• Inactive streets, nodes and other public spaces are being getting isolated from the city core so the fear of crime is increasing day by day

The graph below showing the increasing growth in the physical and non- physical crime rates against women and from the year 2018 the physical crime rates have been increasing than the nonphysical crime rates

MAJOR CRIME HOTSPOTS (INTERNS OF PUBLIC SPACES)-

The outskirt areas of Xavier square, Rail Vihar, Birsamunda square and Lumbini Vihar are some of the major crime hotspots of zone 13

The outskirt areas of Gohira Square, Raghunathpur Square, Jania Square are some of the major crime hotspots of zone 21

Map 5.4: Showing The Crime Hotspots At Gohira And Jania

The outskirt areas of Sikharchandi and Infocity road are also the major crime hotspots of zone 13

The outskirt areas of Patrapda, and AIIMS Square are also some of the major crime hotspots of zone 21

MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTRES AND EXISTING LANDUSE-

And Infocity

Map 5.5: Showing The Crime Hotspots At AIIMS And Patrapada

Map 5.6.1: Showing The Existing Landuse Surrounding The Stretch Under Zone 13.

Map No. 5.6: Showing The Activity Centre And Movement Predictor.

Map 5.6.2: Showing The Existing Landuse Surrounding The Stretch Under Zone 21. Source: Self Analysis.

There is a rapid growth in the residential land use pattern in the outskirt areas of north, south and south-west zone in the BDPA boundary The major development which are being taking places in the outskirt areas are covering the zone-13 (Chandrasekharpur), and zone-21(Tamando). These two zones are the major growth centers in the BDPA region and BMC region The zone -13 is basically emerging as the IT and educational sector where as the zone- 21 is emerging as a centre of high tech employment and into residential townships

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

Table No. 5.1: Showing The Population Projection. Source: Census 2011.

Map No. 5.1: Showing The Site Location. Source: GIS.

Table No. 5.2: Showing The Crime Records Against Women In Bhubaneswar.

Source: State Crime Records Bureau.

Graph 5.1: Showing The Crime Records Against Women In Terms Of Physical And Non-physical Crime.

Source: State Crime Records Bureau.

Map 5.2: Showing The Crime Hotspots at Xavier Square And Rail Vihar

Map 5.3: Showing The Crime Hotspots At Sikharchandi

Fig 5 1 Showing The Isolated And Non-illuminated Streets Of Zone 13

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(84% of women) think that public spaces in the urban cities are unsafe for women to move about freely

PUBLIC SPACES THAT MAKE WOMEN FEEL UNSAFE-

URBAN STREETS PARKS, RECREATIONAL ARAES MARKETS BUS STOPS, NODES ISOLATED AREAS

The women safety issues are not only limited to urban streets but also in other public spaces like market, parks/ recreational areas, bus stops/ nodes and everywhere women are subjected to violence So the collection of data is done on the basis of focused group discussions and safety audit on street survey

STREET SURVEY

SAFETY WALK REPORT CARD-

UNSAFE/ VERY UNSAFE IDEAL/ MODERATE SAFE/ VERY SAFE

LIGHTING SIGNAGE’s INFORMAL / FORMAL SURVEILLANCE MIXED LANDUSE

ASSAULT SITES MAINTENANCE MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

ACCESSIBILITY ESCAPE ROUTES ENTRAPMENT SITES

VULNEARBLE AGE GROPUS- FREQUENCY OF SUCH INCIDENCES-

As per the street survey, it is found that the most vulnerable age group that face these incidents is from 16-30(43%), and further followed by 31-45(27%)

As per the street survey, it is found that women face such incidences of harassments frequently(48%) or more than 5 times(26%) in a week

VULNERABLE TIME WHEN WOMEN FEEL UNSAFE- FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR WOMEN SAFETY-

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(33% of women) feel more unsafe on urban streets, followed by bus stops and nodes(28%), and further followed by parks, recreational areas and markets and isolated areas

WOMEN IN UNSAFE/ DANGEROUS SITUATION-

It is found that majority of the population(93% of women) avoid going to these specified public spaces and 91% of women didn’t ask for help in dangerous situation

CHANGES IN DESIGN CHANGES IN (MEN's) BEHAVIOUR CHANGES OF POLICY CHANGES IN SERVICES

It is found that majority of the population(48% of women) feel that men’s behavior should be changed, followed by the changes in the policy and services

It is found that the most vulnerable time when women feel unsafe to access the public spaces are after 10PM(72%) followed by 12PM3PM(56%) and followed by 7PM-10PM(43%)

The major factors responsible for the lack of women safety are poor lighting, isolated bus stops/ node, lack of vendors and the most important factor is the lack of police patrolling

TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT OR VIOLENCE FACED IN PUBLIC SPACES-

STARING OBSCENE GESTURES MIRROR FLASHING TAKING PHOTOS

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

COMMENTS WHISTLING SINGING SEXUAL REMARKS

SHOUTING ASSAULTS STALKING TOUCHING

LIGHTING

• Lack of proper illumination on the urban streets

• Lighting is not sufficient to identify an object within 25m

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Lack of women friendly spaces and Signs of vandalism are seen near public toilets and on the street

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE

• Lack escape routes and possible entrapment sites increases the fear of crime

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

• Lack of landscaping leads possible corners and semiconstructed buildings are the major assault sites

MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e g her route)

• There no other alternative welllit routes

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack of police patrolling on the focus stretch after having a dedicated police station

ELEMENTS STREETS

LUMBINI VIHAR BIRSAMUNDA INFOCITY SIKHARCHANDI

VISIBILITY OBSTRUCTED OBSTRUCTED FULLY VISIBLE OBSTRUCTED

MIXED USE LESS VARIETY LESS VARIETY MORE VARIETY MORE VARIETY

LIGHTING ABSENT ABSENT ENOUGH IMPROPER

ACCESSIBILITY LESS ACCESSIBLE LESS ACCESSIBLE ACCESSIBLE LESS ACCESSIBLE

SURVEILLANCE ABSENT ABSENT MODERATE LACKING

SIGNAGE ABSENT ABSENT IMPROPER ABSENT

VIBRANCY LACKING LACKING MODERATE LACKING

ANALYSIS OF BUS STOPS AND NODES-

LIGHTING

• Improper illumination in the Bus Stops and in the nodes of the outskirt stretch

• Lack of street lights near the bus stops.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Absence of emergency telephones at the bus stop

• Dark alleys and abandoned buildings exposes passengers to undue crime risk

• Signs of vandalism are seen near the bus stop and nodes

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Absence of onboard or bus stop video surveillance for routes in the dark streets can encourage informal activities

• Lack of police patrolling on the focus stretch after having a dedicated police station

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Lack of signage's and guided route maps can lead to emergency assistance.

• Lack of accessibility to basic services and facilities

MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e g her route)

• There no other alternative welllit routes

• Presence of darks corners, dark nodes and isolated bus stops leads to fear of crime

MIXED LANDUSE

• Lack of specified mixed landuse near the bus stops and isolated nodes can lead to the encouragement of informal activities

• It also leads to fear of crime for the women of all age groups.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

Table No. 7.1: Showing The Physical Elements That Affect Safety Perception.

Map No. 7.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Urban Streets and Bus Stops/ Nodes. Source: Self Analysis.

LIGHTING

• Improper illumination in the market areas and not even a single street light is place to illuminate the market areas.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• The streets are encroached by the informal vendors

• Signs of vandalism are seen in the markets

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE

• Possible entrapment sites in the markets and absence of name plates on the shops intensifies the fear of crime.

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

• Sightlines are not good and absence of street lights leads to dead and possible isolated corners

MIXED LANDUSE

• Lack of mixed landuse and isolated commercial spaces can lead to the encouragement of informal activities.

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack of CCTV and police patrolling on the focus stretch as the markets are found isolated from the major nodes.

LIGHTING

• Lack of street lamps and sufficient lighting throughout the park and on park trails

• Lack of street lamps and uneven frequency leads to darker spots in the parks and encourages informal activities

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Lack of women friendly spaces and public toilets, bins, and water taps

• There is no proper provision in parks for changing diapers and feeding children and sitting furniture's

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Lack of clear spatial layout, signage's and guided route maps of the whole park and play zones.

• Lack of proper accessibility to pedestrian pathways

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack of public surveillance cameras and lack of exposed spots that grant a good overview of the park should be available (for meeting others, seeing and being seen) leads to the increase in the crime rate

• Security guards are not assigned

PATIA SQUARE SAFE NODES NO STREET LIGHTS ISOLATED AREAS

KIIT SQUARE LEGEND RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL PUBLIC AND SEMI-PUBLIC RECREATIONAL AREAS

NH SH MINOR ROAD

BUS STOPS

INFROMAL VENDORS

CARE HOSPITAL SQUARE

Non-illuminated Markets. Fig 8.2: Missing Sign-Boards On Shops. Fig 8.4: Passing Of Comments. Fig 8.3: On-street Parking In front Of Shops. Fig 8.6: Informal surveillance. Fig 8.5: Vandalism In Markets. Fig 8.7: Insufficient Illumination In Park. Fig 8.9: Darker Spots Are Located. Fig 8.11: Informal Surveillance. Fig 8.8: Isolated Area In The Park. Fig 8.10: Lack Of Signage‘s. Fig 8.12: Improper Mix-landuse Map No. 8.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Markets, Recreational And Isolated Areas. Source: Self Analysis. STUDY AREA (ZONE-13)- ANALYSIS OF MARKETSANALYSIS OF PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREASELEMENTS QUESTIONNAIRE(N=50) OBSERVATION HIDDEN WALKWAY 91% RELEVANT SINGLE LANDUSE 88% RELEVANT UNKEMPT LANDSCAPE 93% RELEVANT LACK OF LIGHTING 98% RELEVANT POOR MAINTENANCE 86% RELEVANT Table No. 8.1: Showing The Elements That Make Women More Unsafe In Markets. RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR ELEMENTS LACTATION BOOTH SURVEILLANCE UNKEMPT LANDSCAPE LIGHTING MAINTENANCE (TOILETS) Table No. 8.2: Showing The Safety Elements Required In The Recreational Areas. SUBMITTED BY: ABHIJIT RATH (1820106001)

Fig 8.1:

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(94% of women) think that public spaces in the urban cities are unsafe for women to move about freely

PUBLIC SPACES THAT MAKE WOMEN FEEL UNSAFE-

STUDY AREA (ZONE-21)-

The women safety issues are not only limited to urban streets but also in other public spaces like market, parks/ recreational areas, bus stops/ nodes and everywhere women are subjected to violence So the collection of data is done on the basis of focused group discussions and safety audit on street survey

STREET SURVEY

SAFETY

UNSAFE/ VERY UNSAFE IDEAL/ MODERATE SAFE/ VERY SAFE

LIGHTING INFORMAL / FORMAL SURVEILLANCE MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

ASSAULT SITES MAINTENANCE ENTRAPMENT SITES SIGNAGE’s MIXED LANDUSE

ACCESSIBILITY ESCAPE ROUTES

VULNEARBLE AGE GROPUS- FREQUENCY OF SUCH INCIDENCES-

JUST ONCE

OR 5 TIMES

MORE THAN 5 TIMES FREQUENTLY

As per the survey, it is found that majority of the population(32% of women) feel more unsafe in the markets, followed by urban streets (25%), and further followed by parks, recreational areas and urban streets and isolated areas

WOMEN IN UNSAFE/ DANGEROUS SITUATION-

It is found that majority of the population(90% of women) avoid going to these specified public spaces and 93% of women didn’t ask for help in dangerous situation

It is found that majority of the population(33% of women) feel that men’s behavior should be changed, followed by the changes in the policy and services

As per the street survey, it is found that the most vulnerable age group that face these incidents is from 16-30(43%), and further followed by 31-45(27%)

VULNERABLE TIME WHEN WOMEN FEEL UNSAFE-

As per the street survey, it is found that women face such incidences of harassments frequently(45%) or more than 5 times(30%) in a week

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR WOMEN SAFETY-

Graph 9.1: Showing The Vulnerable Time That Make Women Feel Unsafe.

It is found that the most vulnerable time when women feel unsafe to access the public spaces are after 10PM(68%) followed by 12PM3PM(63%) and followed by 7PM-10PM(49%)

The major factors responsible for the lack of women safety are poor lighting, isolated bus stops/ node, lack of vendors and the most important factor is the lack of police patrolling

TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT OR VIOLENCE FACED IN PUBLIC SPACES-

STARING OBSCENE GESTURES MIRROR FLASHING TAKING PHOTOS

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING

COMMENTS WHISTLING SINGING SEXUAL REMARKS

NO.

ANALYSIS OF URBAN STREETS-

LIGHTING

• Absent of street lights and at uneven frequency of 30m to 40m and lit at 30 lux

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Vandalism is seen with informal activities and lack of safe pedestrian pathways, signages, streetscapes, public toilets, water taps

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE

• Inactive streets will lead to separate entrapment sites can increase the threat of informal activities

ELEMENTS

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT

SITE

• Improper sightlines and lack of proper illumination leads to dead possible corners and semiconstructed buildings with half hazard growth of settlements surrounding the focus stretch of both the zones can lead to major assault sites.

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack of CCTV camera on the streets and police patrolling on the focus stretch after having a dedicated police station also leads to informal activities and also increases vandalism on the roads

STREETS

AIIMS PATRAPADA GOHIRA JANIA VISIBILITY VISIBLE VISIBLE OBSTRUCTED OBSTRUCTED

MIXED USE LESS VARIETY LESS VARIETY LESS VARIETY LESS VARIETY

LIGHTING IMPROPER ABSENT ABSENT ABSENT ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBLE ACCESSIBLE LESS ACCESSIBLE LESS ACCESSIBLE SURVEILLANCE LACKING LACKING ABSENT ABSENT SIGNAGE IMPROPER IMPROPER ABSENT ABSENT VIBRANCY LACKING LACKING LACKING LACKING

ANALYSIS OF BUS STOPS AND NODES-

LIGHTING

• Lack of illumination in the Bus Stops and absence of lighting in the nodes of the focus stretch

• Lack of street lights near the bus stops.

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Absence of emergency telephones at the bus stop

• Broken and unshaded and absence of bus stops can lead to encouragement of informal activities

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Absence of onboard or bus stop video surveillance for routes in the dark streets can encourage informal activities

• Lack of police patrolling and CCTV’s in the bus stop can increase the threat of crime

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Lack of signage's and guided route maps can lead to emergency assistance

• Lack of accessibility to basic services and facilities

MOVEMENT PREDICTORS

• It very easy to predict a woman's movements (e. g. her route).

• There no other alternative welllit routes and presence of darks corners, dark nodes and isolated bus stops leads to fear of crime

MIXED LANDUSE

• Lack of specified mixed landuse near the bus stops and isolated nodes can lead to the encouragement of informal activities

• It also leads to fear of crime for the women of all age groups

Fig 10.5: Isolated Internal Streets.

Map No.10.1: Surrounding Landuse Of Aiims Square.

Map No. 10.2: Surrounding Landuse Of Patrapada Square.

Map No. 10.3: Surrounding Landuse Of Gohira Square

Map No.10.4: Surrounding Landuse Of Jania Square.

Map No. 10.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Urban Streets and Bus Stops/ Nodes. Source: Self Analysis.

Table No. 10.1: Showing The Physical Elements That Affect Safety Perception.

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

ANALYSIS OF MARKETS-

LIGHTING

• Improper illumination in the market areas and absence of street lights in zone 21

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Lack of women friendly spaces and streets are encroached by the informal vendors which leads to informal activities.

ENTRAPMENT SITE / ESCAPE ROUTE

• Inactive streets and vacant shops Alcohol and drugs users creates vandalism which leads to entrapment sites due to the lack of escape routes

SIGHTLINE AND ASSAULT SITE

• Half hazard growth in the outskirt areas of both the zones and improper sightlines and Lack of specified mixed landuse near the market areas creates possible dead corners for the assaulters and the victims

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• CCTV camera are not installed in the shops present in the market

• Lack of police patrolling on the focus stretch of both the zones and in the internal streets as the market areas found fully inactive and isolated

HIDDEN WALKWAY 95% RELEVANT

SINGLE LANDUSE 92% RELEVANT

UNKEMPT LANDSCAPE 78% NOT RELEVANT

LACK OF LIGHTING 97% RELEVANT

POOR MAINTENANCE 81% NOT RELEVANT

ANALYSIS OF PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS-

LIGHTING

• Lack of street lighting in the largest part of the park and the surrounding streets

• The existing infrastructure was characterized as inadequate lighting, uneven and hampered by trees, walls and other objects in the recreational areas

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE

• Lack of women friendly spaces and clean public toilets, bins, and water taps and lactation booths to feed their children.

• Lack of diversity, uninviting park perimeter, improper sightlines and underutilized park spaces can create possible assault sites.

ELEMENTS LACTATION BOOTH

SIGNAGE AND ACCESSIBILTY

• Lack of clear spatial layout, signage's and guided route maps of the whole park and play zones

• Lack of proper accessibility to entry gates and small number of entrances and large distances, leads to difficulty in evacuation

INFORMAL/FORMAL SURVEILLANCE

• Lack of public surveillance cameras and lack of exposed spots that grant a good overview of the park should be available (for meeting others, seeing and being seen) leads to the increase in the crime rate

• Security guards are not assigned

(TOILETS)

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

PATRAPADA SQUARE GOHIRA SQUARE

RAGHUNATHPUR SQUARE

JANIA SQUARE

Map No. 11.3: Surrounding Landuse Of Gohira Square.

Map No. 11.4: Surrounding Landuse Of Jania Square

Map No.11.5: Surrounding Landuse Of Jania Square.

Map No. 11.1: Showing The Major Issues In The Markets, Recreational And Isolated Areas. Source: Self Analysis.

Map No.11.2: Surrounding Landuse Of Aiims Square.

Table No. 11.1: Showing The Elements That Make Women More Unsafe In Markets.

Table No. 11.2: Showing The Safety Elements Required In The Recreational Areas.

FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING-

• Providing the street vendors a dedicated space with proper green buffers

• Active vending spaces with proper lighting and maintenance with sign boards and shop names reduces the fear of crime

• It will also lead to safe accessible pedestrian pathways and leads to a vibrant public space

2. SURVEILLANCE

• CCTV signals and GPS should be publicly distributed and monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes

• Creating awareness in community while a women is being sexually harassed in the public spaces, strengthening the women by improving their confidence level, well lit public spaces, well patrolled public transport, trained transport personnel, use of CCTV cameras, use of Mahila patrol will go a long way in preventing the incidences

• Refuge islands are to be provided at all intersections, which require pedestrians to cross two-way traffic or two or more lanes and width of a median refuge island should be 1 8 m

• The minimum width of 1 0m should be provided to have a proper visible sightline to reduce crime

Lighting as key factor to the perception of safety. Lighting should enable clear sightlines for the users during the evening hours; it should be continuous and even

• Placement of street lighting should be co-ordinated with other street elements like trees, signage, advertisement hoardings and only led lights is preferred because of lowest energy consumption and the height and spacing of light poles and illumination characteristics should comply with the IRC standards

A complete street shall consist of identifiable zones, and is basically divided into the following zones:

• Trees and plants should be fundamentally incorporated in the stretch which should be taken proper care for the dedicated soft areas and benches should also be provided along the footpath, and complementing the shops.

• Informal street vendors should be provided with dedicated spaces and frontage of the shops spill over to the wide footpath, adding life to the street. Better signage, street lighting and seating which would make the stretch more vibrant and lively within the surrounding landuse

• Mixed-use is an area with residential, commercial, and mixed-use components Streets that cater to women of all age groups– designed with wide and continuous footpaths, safe pedestrian crossings, separate cycle tracks, conveniently placed bus stops, clearly designated on-street parking, organised street vending and properly-scaled carriageways

4. STREET FURNITURES

• Benches should be in the frontage zone It should be provided with shade.

• Benches are recommended at adequate intervals of between 50m100m.

• Seating capacity and intervals should be determined as per the adjacent land use and space availability

5. FOOTPATH

• Width of footpaths is to be determined based on the street hierarchy and ROW, land use and pedestrian traffic and as per the universal accessibility design

• In order to achieve minimum of 1 5m to 2m clear width of unobstructed walking zone, all such elements like trees, street lights and street furniture etc should be accommodated within MUZ (Multi utility zone) wherever provided

• Signal posts and should be fitted with a long outreach arm over which traffic lights can be mounted above each lane and signal changes are needed to increase pedestrian safety and travel efficiency.

• Signals should be located near the stop line at a height of min 5.5 m so that they are clearly visible from a recommended distance

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

Showing The Vibrant Streets For Safe And Comfort Walking.

Showing The Design Guidelines For Street Lights.

6. PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS/ SIGNAGE’s

3. REFUGE ISLANDS

1. ORGANIZED STREET VENDORS-

FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE-

PUBLIC TOILETS

• Provide accessible public toilets every 1 5 km on mobility and feeder corridors and one toilet is recommended in every 500m - 800m distance,

• Public toilets should be located alongside transit stations and commercial areas with high footfall They can be provided near offstreet parking areas as well

• Public toilets should be integrated in the road design such that it is easily accessible and aesthetically integrated with the surroundings

GENDER SENSITIVE ACTIVITIES-

1. PLAYFUL AND INCLUSIVE FURNITURES-

• Choose low benches and seating with flat tops, so that women of all age groups can use them with easily

• Provision of colourful street furniture to make the markets more vibrant

• Choose edging along planters that railings that are low and wide enough for small feet

3. TERRACE EQUIPMENT-

• Leave at least 1 5m pavement space free of tables and chairs, to allow free movement of pedestrians walking past Provide shelter and protection by placing screens along the edges of the terrace

• These active spaces make the markets more lively and vibrant

PROPOSALS AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL-

LIGHTING-

FOR SAFE BUS STOPS AND NODES

• Lighting within the bus shelter should be provided with a 250 watt (maximum) metal halide lamp and/or a 150 watt (maximum) high pressure sodium lamp

• Lamps at the left and right sides of the shelter should be at a distance of 10m from the middle point of the facility

• Solar lighting shall be provided in the shelter with a small vandal resistant control/battery box and solar panel securely mounted out of reach of passengers

• The light fixture shall be vandal resistant and provide adequate illumination for passengers.

• The solar light shall provide a minimum of 8 hours of light with a full battery charge which would lead to reduction of crime in the night time

• There should be proper illumination surrounding the bus stops and the nodes so that a women can feel safe while accessing these public spaces

BOTH SIDE OPPOSITE. SINGLE SIDE. BOTH SIDE STAGGERED. TWIN CENTRAL. FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING-

• Bus zone should be designed with a bus-bay at every bus stop; with capacity of a single bus at anytime

• Surface markings should be provided for a bus at every bus zone These markings act as warning for pedestrians and other motorists to keep their distance from the bus zone – to avoid from creating obstructions and potential incidents and crimes

• Minimum width of the walkways should be 1500mm to accommodate, as well as to allow clearance of 420mm at each side

• It should be connected directly to the bus stop platform without any physical obstructions, such as stairs exceeding 25mm in height

• Railings should be installed at nodes as barrier to areas with high risk

ENTRAPMENT SITES AND UNOCCUPIED BUILDINGS-

• Boundary walls to be avoided, and if not possible, then to be kept at a lower height Windows and main doorways to have a good view of the street. Residential edge to be as porous as possible.

• Public to have a collaboration with the NGO’s to have a safety check the entrapment sites and unoccupied buildings in frequent intervals

• Police patrolling and provision of safety guards in those areas can lead reduction of crime in those areas Guard cabins if any, should be in private domain, looking outwards

2. VIBRANT SIDEWALKS-

• Introduction of patterned pavement over a small portion of pavement area

• Providing a smooth flat area of pavement, where women can their own space

• Drawing the beginnings of a game or some shapes on the pavement make the markets more playful and vibrant

4. TEMPORARY STREET CLOSURE-

• Consider which street is the most viable to close on a temporary to organize events to take place on the day the street is closed Street games, street art, a barbecue, music will create a positive vibe attract people and create awareness among men and women

PROPOSALS AT POLICY

1. ADDRESSING

DATA GAPS

SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN PUBLIC SPACES

• Safe City and Safe Public programmes have also further innovated

• Seats should be placed within the bus shelter and not obstruct walkways or the wheelchair zone

• Capacity of the seats should accommodate 15 people at any time, and the seating should be of bench-type, with a sitting pattern that functions to prevent users from sleeping on the facility, as well as restrict one seat to a single user.

• Every waste bin at bus stops should be placed at a maximum distance of 1 meter from the platform, and a maximum of 350mm from the pedestrian walkways

• Installation of CCTV and Mahila patrolling should be done at frequent intervals near the bus stops and nodes

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

• First Phase: In 1st phase a manual or ‘pen and paper’ safety audits should be used in community settings

• Then a group of 5-6 participants are chosen with a pre-designed checklist to know the vulnerable public spaces and time

• These recorded observations helped to formulate recommendations that should be presented to local government officials and other relevant decision-makers

• Second Phase: WSA also became one of the main interventions to implement women’s safety initiatives This methodology is to be adapted in a phonebased application, called Safetipin is to be implemented and Jagori is the leading community service organization serving the needs and concern on women safety

• Third Phase: Here Open Street Audit Mapping (OSAM) is to be adapted as a community-based communication tool to initiate conversations with men, boys, women and girls on women’s safety and the use of public space

4. PLANNING INTERVENTIONS IN MASTER PLAN/ CITY (DEVELOPMENT PLAN.

• Gender-sensitive public square design: redesigning several public spaces.

• Designing pedestrian routes with extra consideration for benches, streetlights,

1. BUS ZONE-

3. FURNITURES-

2. PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY-

4. WASTE BINS AND SURVEILLANCE-

Showing The Vibrant Bus Stops. Fig. 14.2: Showing The Vibrant Bus Stops.

The Bus Shelter And The Required Facilities Within It.

Map No. 14.3: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-13

Map No. 14.4: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-21

TYPES OF STREET LIGHTS TO BE INTEGRATED.

LIGHTING-

• Choose a lighting type to reflect the use of the public realm being lit: lights to shine onto road surfaces, and lower, attractive light footpaths and pavements lighting where the paving is uneven, or where there are illuminate these obstacles better. elements for pavement areas at frequent intervals. As a thumb, at least every 20 to 30 meters

• Have a lighting expert calculate the level of lighting along the whole street Ideally, the lighting level along the entire length of the pavement area should be constant

• Consider the position lighting elements relative to the position of trees and other plants Make sure that branches do not obstruct any light

• Ensure that play areas are well lit Also lighting levels should not cause excessive glare

• Ramps for strollers and wheelchairs, wide pathways, and continuous connections with vibrancy and multi-purpose use of buildings to keep the space busy throughout the day and avoid dead areas

• To built safe inclusive street design with proper built environment , design elements/ urban design intervention such as place making

5. GENDER EQUALITY ACTION PLANADDRESSING WOMEN’S SAFETY THROUGH AN INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH.

• The Gender Equality Action Plan are policy frameworks to ensure that women’s empowerment and gender equality are achieved through an intersectional approach

LIGHTING AND SIGNAGE-

• Establish a hierarchy of lighting types and intensities in a parks layout

The main activity areas and routes should be the first priority

• Cluster night time activities in parks such that they are connected by a well illuminated routes

• Provide lighting at the perimeter to complement street lighting and ensure that the park is inviting to enter from the street

• Choose a lighting type to reflect the use of the public realm being lit: high unadorned lights to shine onto grassed surfaces, and lower, attractive armatures to light footpaths and pavements

• Locate signage at key entry points and activity areas. Ensure that signage is positive, informational and well lit.

• Provision of well- lit escape routes.

FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING-

1. ACCESSIBLE STREETS-

• Addition of a smaller smooth strip of paving over which prams can easily be pushed in the markets

• Use of different types or patterns of paving to divide the pavement area into recognizable zones, such as safe walking zone, market zones, playing zone, and an unsafe zone next to parked cars.

2. SHADING AND COOLING ELEMENTS

• Ideal shading is the natural shading, where possible: to use trees, bushes and climbers and to provide continuous shade

• Provide shaded spots where children and their caregivers(women) need to wait: at bus stops, at busy traffic junctions, markets etc

TYPES OF STREET LIGHTS TO BE INTEGRATED.

BOTH SIDE OPPOSITE. SINGLE SIDE.

3. STREET FURNITURES-

• Provision Of Flip-down Wall Bench- In areas where space is limited, for example, a narrow pavement, flip-down benches can be a spaceefficient method to provide resting spaces

• Provision Of Height-split Bench- Where there is extra space, benches can be height-split, to allow toddlers to climb onto them easily

4. GREEN PLANTATION/ BUFFER ZONE-

• Use planting at different heights- trees for shading and lower plants at the scale of small children.

• Plants can be placed in various zones in the street: against facades, in a zone between traffic and pedestrians

LEGIBILITY AND SIGHTLINES-

• Entrances and exits should be easy to locate for a first time user, and especially for a caregiver(women) with young children.

• Have pathways connect with destinations, and well sign-posted

• Locate active areas such as playing fields within a park such that there is clear visibility between them to encourage surveillance

• Make sure that there are no solid walls, planting edges along main routes that obstruct sightlines

FENCING/ PERMEABLE PERIMETER-

• Fencing does not necessarily mean using of actual fences. Depending on the needs of a public space, fencing can be achieved with the use of hedges or plants in general, other objects and street furniture or simple ground demarcation

• Keep fencing permeable, with frequent openings every 50-80 metres.

• Key action to prevent and respond to SH and other forms of SVAWG in public spaces comprised in the plan include: capacitybuilding of peacekeepers patrolling on how to address SH in public spaces, improvement of essential services, empowerment of young women, genderresponsive infrastructure and community mobilization

6. SCHEMES

NATIONAL LEVEL

• One Stop Centre

• Women Helpline

• UJJAWALA.

• Mahila Shakti

7 LOCAL INTEGRATED THAT INCLUDE PARTICIPATION

WOMEN AND WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS

• The aim is should better women who and simultaneous historical, political

8 ENSURING WOMEN AND GIRLS’ SAFETY ACTION IS EMBEDDED IN A MUNICIPAL GENDER EQUALITY POLICY.

BOTH SIDE STAGGERED. TWIN CENTRAL.

FOR SAFE AND COMFORT WALKING/ FACILITIES AND MAINTENANCE-

1. SURVEILLANCE

• In corners of the public realm obstructed from views from overlooking windows

• Use cameras that are vandal-proof

• Place cameras in high positions, where they give a good overview of the space and are not easily reached

3. SHADING AND COOLING ELEMENTS

• Ideal shading is the natural shading, where possible: to use trees, bushes and climbers and to provide continuous shade

• Provide shaded spots where children and their caregivers(women) need to wait: at bus stops, at busy traffic junctions, markets etc

2. TOILETS AND DRINKING WATER-

• Toilets as safe and convenient ITC friendly amenity and stroller-friendly walkway access to drinking water taps

• Maintenance of both these facilities is as important as installing them. Provision of toilets should be undertaken for maintenance; otherwise the facility seek to drive away people, and increase informal activities

4. LACTATION BOOTHS-

• The space should be fitted with comfortable seats, washing facilities and homey and not shabbily put up

• The space should be checked routinely for cleanliness, dimly lit and quiet

• The access to the space should be stroller-friendly

RETHINKING THE ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR WOMEN SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF BHUBANESWAR

• Equal participation and citizenship: Address structural barriers that infringe on women’s rights in the city

• Liveable and inclusive neighbourhoods: Ensure that urban public spaces are safe for and inclusive of women and girls’ needs

9 MONITORING WOMEN’S SAFETY INTERVENTIONS TO ENHANCE JUSTICE FOR ALL WOMEN.

• Improved advocacy skills, access to public information and inclusive monitoring tools, women rights are equipped to monitor women’s safety initiatives

Fig. 15.5: Showing The facilities and maintenance required in the park.

Fig. 15.2: Showing The facilities and maintenance required in The Markets and commercial space.

Fig. 15.1: Showing The Level of Lighting to be used.

Fig. 15.3: Showing Active Streets With Proper Lighting And Street Lights Are Placed In The Parks In Proper Frequency

Map No. 15.1: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-13 Map No. 15.2: Showing The Focus Stretch Of Zone-21

PROPOSALS AT SETTLEMENT LEVEL- FOR SAFE PARKS AND RECREATIONAL AREAS-