Anjali Beekam_Integrated Systems Design Studio

HYD-RIGHTS CENTER FOR EDUCATION

ANJALI BEEKAM . CAL POLY SLO Studio White . ARCH 352 . ARCH 353 . S22

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CONTENTS

I would like to extend my gratitude to the following individuals and organizations for their unwavering support and invaluable guidance through the integrated double quarter studio experience these past six months.

INTRODUCTION

Academic studio sponsors and Professional mentors at mode associates, Lake | Flato Design Collaborators, and LPA Design including Ellie O’ Connor, Jamie Intervalo, Krista Schieb, Matthew Porreca, Matthew Winter, and Silke Frank.

SITE UNDERSTANDING

Cal Poly SLO faculty and reviewers including Andrew Goodwin, Brian Osborn, Emily White, Jeff Ponitz, Jermaine Washington, Jessica Napier, Ryan Brockett, and a particular thanks to Stacey White for being an integral part of my academic journey through the boundless support and inspiring words this past academic year.

THE PROJECT

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

CAMPUS MASTER PLAN

REFLECTION BIBLIOGRAPHY

Peer reviewers including Ishika Punjabi, Juliette Fournier, Kelly Ferris, Rashmi Pradhan, Sejal Rathi, and Tejasvini Kshatriya who are incredibly talented and hardworking. A special thanks to Aditi Batra, Avani Tantry, Sanya Sharma and Venkat Kondamuri for their kind support and motivating words.

My family, for believing in me with unconditional support and encouragement. Thank you for teaching me the value of hard work, and perseverance every day.

APPENDICES

OVERVIEW HYD-Rights Center for Education is a service-based law school located in Logan Heights, San Diego. The project entails designing a single building located on a university campus development. 1,000 graduate law students will be attending the school to pursue their higher education and facilitate social change. This will be done through community assistance programs for the at-risk and immigrant populations in the area along with a variety of social interventions. This book captures AB studio’s systems thinking approach to developing a 100,000-sf building during the Two Quarter Design Studio led by Stacey White as a part of Cal Poly SLO’s third year architecture program.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

The California Western School of Law currently located in Downtown San Diego, CA is planning on relocating their school within San Diego to inculcate a culture of campus community, support, and collaborative education. CWSL’s vision to train competent and empathetic law practitioners is reflected through their rigorous curriculum, hands-on problem-solving approach, and community outreach programs. The traditional classes, bar exam preparations, and goals towards licensure are accompanied by the Law clinics which are essential to facilitating student-community interactions. As a part of these envisioned efforts, Logan Heights was chosen as the primary location to develop the university campus.

Logan Heights has a deep-rooted Chicano culture which celebrates the Latin immigrant population residing in the area. It is a bright, and resilient community which serves as a canvas to bright artwork, and creativity. However, the area has been through economic and resource crests and troughs which has resulted in a wide population of homeless (owing to the Covid-19 pandemic), displaced populations, crime rates, and undocumented individuals who are seeking refuge. The law clinics come into the picture to create dialogue and action regarding immigrant law and providing opportunities to the at-risk populations.

The university campus development aims to tackle these issues and create empathetic design solutions around site, space, community, clients, and service. The two-quarter design studio project kicked off by analyzing immigration patterns that concern the law clinics to better understand the requirement to create a flourishing environment. Some of the metrics include environmental immigration, impunity, elite indifference, crime, and violence. Upon studying countries such as Venezuela, and El Salvador seek refuge against domestic violence, crime, and illiteracy as some of the primary reasons amongst many for immigration; it was essential to facilitate an environment that could foster protection, nourishment, and upliftment. This study led to identifying the ideal law campus environment in terms of community, accessibility, opportunity, and sustainability.

The Barrio Logan Plan served as a guide in designing the campus standards and layout for CWSL’s proposal. The site is located at the threshold between Downtown San Diego, and Barrio Logan which is an essential transitioning zone in terms of creating publicly accessible nodes for students and residents. The community will comprise of the youth generation mobilizing change, families looking to restore economic health, immigrants hoping to attain documented status, and the at-risk population looking for sheltered homes. The opportunities of campus development are endless. Employing locally, sourcing local resources, and creating economic activities are essential to the smooth running of the campus. The climatic conditions are temperate throughout the year with high moisture content in the marine environment.

Since the weather stays within the comfort zone, usage of water production through condensate collection, solar energy production, and internal heat gain strategies can be employed as passive strategies. The site is located on a home plate shaped lot of land sandwiched between National Avenue, 16th Street, and Commercial Street. National avenue divides the site into two chunks which have been provided residential, and core campus functions each.

The campus site itself comprises of five main academic buildings that provide crucial services to the overall campus health. Some of these are academia, recreation and health, entertainment, greenhouses, and community center based. The uniting factor on the campus is the communal courtyard which has activated pedestrian paths, egress safety access, biophilic growth, and inclusive learning.

HYD-Rights Center for education is an academia and service-based building on the campus which focuses on immigrant service through resource resiliency. The primary service is a law school, and this building focuses on creating spaces that reflect service before self. The students work in collaboration with practicing attorneys at pro-bono services, assistance programs, etc. to attain documentation status for the immigrants. The spaces such as sunrooms, readings, skilled jobs centers, and interpretive centers are all flexible and safe spaces for immigrants to fuel their passions. Water is a crucial resource in the proper functioning of any environment, especially built ones. The Hyd-Rights Center uses passive strategies to collect condensate from the atmosphere through aluminum panels which are used to irrigate indoor plants along with the greywater production in the building. Every drop matters, and the Hyd-Rights center envisions the usage of this resource as a reflection of the resiliency of those who make up the vibrant Logan Heights area and new campus.

DESIGN PROCESS Over the course of the two-quarter design studio there have been several iterations evolving from the initial focus group research done in cohorts. Research on factors influencing mass migration from Latin American countries to the United States showed trends of the populations that would consist of the campus makeup. This research served as the basis to identify “how might we” address the student needs to be with the surrounding population, and place. The studio came up with a list of values for an ideal law campus which was the canvas to building decision regarding the ideal site location for a law school campus in San Diego. Upon deeply considering aspects mentioned in the ideal campus, and how might we activities, Logan heights was chosen as the site to develop CWSL’s new campus. At this stage, it was essential to understanding the contextual factors that would enhance or impact the lives of students and immigrants particularly to consider in the campus design and building project proposals. Other law schools across the country were studied in the form of ground figure maps to see the ratio of indoor-outdoor space. While campus and site development were in full swing, each student began to conceptualize design solutions at the spatial level through “moonshot” programs which were defining factors of the academic building on campus. The following stages describe the timeline of the project development over the twenty-three-week comprehensive design studio

PROJECT PHASES

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN The moonshots served as the guiding force in building the program flowcharts for the rest of the building. The main criteria were an academic based service building which highlights the dichotomy between students attaining an education and immigrants who are seeking upliftment through opportunities. Groups were created to design the campus master plan as a whole. Simultaneously, massing studies were being done on an individual level based on concepts reflecting transparency based of programs. More transparent for connecting students to the rest of campus and increasing opacity for immigrants that hope to attain a sense of interpersonal growth. Post individual mid reviews, the feedback culminated was used to join forces with new groups in studio to re-conceptualize the vision to serve immigrants and students in this project. The introduction of an interpretive center created the balance to host students and immigrants in a shared space of learning. The conceptual massing further developed to create programmatic privacy based on the energy of space. The building became a vertical transition bar from bustling activity to tranquil serenity. The final review comments suggested streamlining the massing surface to volume ratio in order to brighten up interior spaces and celebrate the verticality of the building without impeding the rest of the campus community.

SCHEMATIC DESIGN The formal moves were iterated within the group with a vision to framing views which was highlighted feedback in the individual rounds. Framing views to Downtown San Diego, The San Diego Bay, and the southern direction to pay homage to the Latin immigrants were all carried through

as formal moves to create staggering blocks with highlighted facades. The play with transparency was particularly interesting at this point since glazing played an important role in creating those framed views. Test fits of the programs helped in deciding which spaces needed to be faced outwards in order to enhance the experience of learning, relaxing or interacting. The façade design aimed to respond to the environmental conditions by acting as a function beyond enveloping a building. Terracotta louvered facades were employed to retain the cultural influences of Mexican immigrants in the area and create a warming environment on the external screens of the building. There were attempts to generate solar energy through the placement of panels on terracotta which eventually proved redundant and inefficient in terms of simply placing photovoltaic panels. The review feedback suggested creating a pattern of façade placements to frame the views.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT At this stage, the relation between plan and section became clear and shifting floorplate interacted with niche outdoor spaces that were vegetated as indoor plants with air purifying qualities. The mechanical system chosen to be implemented was an air based one given the 11-story height of the building. Plumbing, structure, and building core were placed on the northwest corner of the building. The South, east, and Western facades framed the views that are essential to the concept of connecting the defining aspects of San Diego. to provide the immigrants with a sense of connecting identity. Once it was realized that several different directions could be taken with the façade interventions, the project diverged in three explorative ways with program and core focus groups remain the same. I chose to capture the usage of water in the building systems to find a way to irrigate the indoor plants.

Hence, highlighting the resource resiliency. The final efforts were focused on façade assembly, model making, and presentation practices.

FIELD TRIPS The two quarter studio instructors gave the opportunity to visit and explore the site to further understand the presence of new construction, people at the epicenter of the site, and the details of contextual building. The initial site visit to San Diego was essential to understanding the impact of formal moves in the site’s boundaries. Having the opportunity to visit LPA Design in San Diego was the highlight of the two-quarter studio experience. Being able to understand projects from the designer’s perspective and witnessing the functioning of an architectural business was enlightening.

CAL WESTERN SCHOOL OF LAW (CWSL)

LEGAL EDUCATION

California Western School of Law is currently located in downtown San Diego and is the City’s oldest law school. It was founded in 1924. They currently occupy three buildings on Cedar Street on the northern end of downtown near the I5 freeway. They currently have approximately 670 law students with planned expansion to up to 1,000. They are an independent, not for profit, that offer four degree pathways. The school is committed to provide a rigorous educated to a diverse study body through an emphasis experiential learning through simulations and community clinics that serve underserved clients in the areas of criminal, immigration, trademark, legal aid, and internet law.

The educational requirements to practice law in the State of California consists of several processes and requirements with varying academic standards to be met. While the California Bar Examination is the ultimate milestone to obtaining licensure to be an attorney, the traditional educational requirement entails obtaining a JD (Juris Doctor) degree from law schools registered by the State Bar (California-accredited) or approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). The JD takes three years to complete which follows the pre-legal education of College Level Equivalency Programs Examinations or at least two years of college in any given major. The most typical undergraduate majors choosing this path in California obtain a four-year bachelor’s degree in English, Business, or Political Science. This does not limit other majors to take up the JD program as an academic path to achieving licensure as an attorney. The state bar of California summarizes the following legal education options for eligibility to obtaining licensure

In their new location, the California Western School of Law are hoping to reflect their school motto through the campus experience. Rethinking the physical presence of the overall campus location can act as a catalyst in better serving the immigrants justice, protection, and upliftment to aim towards a brighter future. The approach to better serving the at-risk communities requires interventions integrating legal education practices and a sense of empathy towards human immigration and civil rights.

The Cal Western School of Law is playing a crucial role in serving the evolving communities of San Diego and providing high quality education to shape future lawyers.

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

Aiming to represent the state’s diverse society, California Western Law School is training ethical, compassionate, and competent future lawyers and hopes to aid the underserved populations. With 41% of the 2021 student being ethnic minorities and 59% women, Cal Western encourages those who face larger battles and aim to better the world around them. Cal Western offers scholarships and grants to students ranging in socioeconomic status opening the doors to lower income applicants.

To foster and encourage diversity the site is in Barrio Logan San Diego, a neighborhood whose community facing challenges that students could offer legal advice. Cal Western prepares its students to focus on immigration law and criminal justice by placing them in clinics located near the school to obtain practical work experience while working towards their degrees. Locating the campus in a community of those who lack legal aid gives students a greater opportunity for creating change. Cal Western offers its students many class courses, clinical programs and community law interventions which encourages students to give back to the community in which they are located.

• Three or four years of study at a law school accredied by the American Bar Association (ABA) • Four years of study at a State Bar-registered, fixed-facility law school • Four years of study with a minimum of 864 hours of preparation at a registered unaccredited distance-learning or correspondence law school • Four years of study under the supervision of a state judge or attorney • A combination of these programs The academic process requires a guided approach with mentorship; from graduate school all the way to becoming a practicing attorney. CWSL offers a variety of courses to cover ground on theoretical knowledge and practical application. Some of the traditional courses are offered based on the year’s curriculum. These are split into three years First Year curriculum: Foundational year with special emphasis on legal analysis, research, and writing to explore opportunities.

The academic year is split into trimesters, some of the courses include • Civil Procedure • Contracts • Legal procedures • Torts Second and Third Year Curriculum: The upperclassman curriculum includes two important milestones which are the STEPPS program and the Clinical Externship Program. STEPPS includes a client-attorney simulation set up to practice law earlier in the

• Competitive Advocacy Program • California Innocence Project • Pro Bono and Public Service Honors Program The ethos of legal practice can be found in academic initiatives that are taken up by the law school to shape lawyers that are rigorous workers, empathetic citizens, through the experience of obtaining a law degree at Cal Western School of Law. Experiential Learning programs such as law clinics, paralegal services, advocacy programs, community law projects etc. Aid in enhancing the legal education aspects that mostly pertain to minimum formal education requirements.

0.9

Asylum Seeking Population

0.7

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

1400

1200

Poverty Rate

1000

0.5

800

0.4

600

0.3

400

0.2

200

0.1

0

0.0

Poverty Rate

0.6

Data from "Poverty Headcount Ration at National Poverty Lines."

The World Bank, (2020).

20

1200

14

1000

12 800 10 600

6

200 2

United States

Chile

Argentina

Uruguay

Paraguay

Brazil

Bolivia

Peru

Dominican Republic

Colombia

Costa Rica

Belize

Guyana

Mexico

Ecuador

Nicaragua

Honduras

Venezuela

0 Guatemala

0

25 600

Homicide Rates Per 100,000

Population Displacement 2015-2020

30 800

Data from "Citizen Security in Latin America." Igarape Institute, (2018).

20

15

10 200 5

United States

Chile

Argentina

Panama

Paraguay

Uruguay

Brazil

Bolivia

Peru

Dominican Republic

Colombia

Costa Rica

Belize

Guyana

Mexico

Ecuador

Nicaragua

0 Honduras

0

COMPREHENSIVE FINDINGS The identified causes do a good job of describing some of the reasons people are seeking asylum in the US, however there is one outlier that sticks out in multiple databases. Brazil features similar numbers to the countries with the most asylum seekers but sends very few people to the US. With a GDP ($1,434.08 Billion) nearly 33% higher than the next closest country in Central and South America, Brazil remains appealing to people despite the ongoing issues.

HIGHER EDUCATION

Every place of higher education has multiple physical and environmental characteristics which make it successful. Finding those common trends in campuses across the country was the first step towards designing a new campus for Cal Western School of Law. We looked at precedential schools and consolidated our findings to create a strong starting framework to begin master planning. We were able to narrow down the characteristics of an ideal campus to the following:

Data from "Infant Mortality Rate from 2009 to 2019 (in deaths per 1,000 live births)" Statista, (2021).

8

400

35

1000

Homicide Rate

IMPUNITY AND ELITE INDIFFERENCE We studied the rates of infant mortality to see if that too was an underlying cause. There is a slight trend between infant mortality rate and # of asylum seekers, however some countries with few asylum seekers still see very high infant mortality rates.

Infant Mortality Rate

16

40

Venezuela

Chile

Argentina

Panama

Paraguay

Uruguay

Brazil

Bolivia

Peru

Colombia

Costa Rica

Belize

Guyana

Mexico

Ecuador

Nicaragua

0M

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

18

El Salvador

United States

Chile

Argentina

Uruguay

Paraguay

Brazil

Bolivia

Peru

Dominican Republic

Colombia

Costa Rica

Belize

Guyana

Mexico

Ecuador

0

Asylum Seeking Population

1400

4

Nicaragua

1M

Rate Of Asylum Seek..

22

Infant Mortality Rate

0.8

1600

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

1600

Honduras

200

Measure Names Infant Mortality Rate

24

Rate Of Asylum Seek..

1200

2M

Country 1800

45

400

400

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

1400

3M

Natural disasters have played a large role in the displacement of large populations. There is evidence that many of the countries with the most asylum seekers in the US have also experienced high population displacement from natural disasters

Measure Names Poverty Rate

1800

Venezuela

600

Data from "Climate Knowledge Portal." The World Bank, (2021).

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Attention to the mass effects of natural disasters on populations, and the number of people displaced by environmental disasters; categorized by the worst natural disaster in the country

Country

Guatemala

4M

Environmental Disasters

Asylum Seekers vs. Infant Mortality Rate

Asylum Seekers vs. Poverty Rate

El Salvador

800

Honduras

CRIME AND VIOLENCE Comparisons between crime, specifically homicide rate, and rate of asylum seekers (per 100,000) in the countries listed. While not definitive, in general countries with higher homicide rates also see more asylum seekers moving to the US.

5M

Dominican Republic

• Access to Law Initiative

6M

1000

Venezuela

CSWL also focuses on clinics and assistance programs to provide opportunities for externships, and simulation based learning. The pro-bono programs excel in bridging the gap between the academic world and real time problems. Trial law is another essential part of the program to practice communication and real time delivery of arguments. Some of the Clinical Programs include

7M

Guatemala

• Torts II

1200

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

Asylum Seeking Population

50

Asylum Seeking Population

8M

55

1600

Wildfire

9M

El Salvador

• STEPPS

Rate Of Asylum Seek..

Storm

1400

Measure Names Homicide Rates Per 1..

60

Flood

10M

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

• Legal Scholarship Training Seminar

One of the primary areas that students dedicate time to on this campus are the experiential learning clinics that deal with issues of social justice and give the students an opportunity to interact with real clients. Given the schools focus on immigration related issues, the following research was completed to gain an understanding of the San Diego community and those clients the students would ultimately be working with. Research focused on five primary immigration related issues: crime and violence, environmental degradation, poverty and economic opportunity and immunity and elite indifference. Each gave us a basic understanding of why large populations are moving into the US and what needs to be done to create a desirable, welcoming environment.

1800

Earthquake

1600

• Evidence

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

Environmental Disaster- ..

1800

Guatemala

• Criminal Procedure I

Country

Country

El Salvador

• Constitutional Law I

Asylum Seekers vs. Homicide Rates

Environmental Disasters

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

MASS MIGRATION AND UNDERLAYING CAUSES

educational years. Some other courses include

POVERTY AND ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Poverty rates have been shown to be very high among the countries studied. Some correlation between Poverty/the lack of economic opportunity among countries and asylum seekers can be seen with some countries but not all. Poverty rates are even among the countries studied, but countries with the highest rates of asylum seekers also tend to have higher poverty rates.

COMMUNITY & SAFETY Integrate the campus with the surrounding community through open design and community-based activities that interact with the general population.

Provide transparency on the ground floors to maintain “eyes” on the street.

By creating access to emergency response stations that alert authorities of criminal activity along the campus circulation routes to provide security.

Supply adequate even lighting throughout campus, including those to academic functions and campus housing.

ORGANIZATION Increase building density (while maintaining a human scale to provide spaces for students as well as the community.

Provide clear and consistent indicators of where important programs are located and how to access them Provide clear pedestrian circulation routes using a consistent visual language and scale to provide a connection between all spaces Provide universal access to make areas easy to traverse for people of all physical types ACCESSIBILITY & TRANSPORTATION Easy access for walkways to create a safe space away from traffic or clear spatial integration of pedestrian walkways within traffic routes.

Integrate bike routes throughout campus that tie into the community bike circulation system RESOURCES Campus should include spaces for informal learning such as spaces to study or for student support services in a single location.

Provide spaces that can be shared / accessed by the broader community. should act as multipurpose spaces for students and community members to both enjoy and be able to use as recreational spaces as well.

US-Mexico border, making this location convenient for immigrants served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice.

However, it was ultimately not selected because of its lack of public transportation, which isolated it from other law resources in downtown San Diego.

MISSION VALLEY The Mission Valley proposal incorporated the law school campus into SDSU’s Mission Valley campus expansion. Some advantages to this proposal included that it was well connected to downtown San Diego by public transportation and that it would have access to SDSU student culture. However, it was not selected because it was the furthest away from the US-Mexico border, potentially making it inconvenient for law clients living in Mexico, and because it lacked the existing infrastructure and vibrancy of an existing more downtown site.

DOWNTOWN SAN DIEGO Downtown San Diego was attractive because it is the current location of the Law School, and students would have access to its social scene, law firms and the San Diego County Superior Court.

However, it was narrowly decided against as the density of the buildings required was not considered viable for all uses.

LOGAN HEIGHTS Ultimately, Logan Heights was selected. This is a predominantly Hispanic community, which could make the campus more convenient and approachable to Hispanic individuals served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice. Additionally, it is the closest location to downtown San Diego and has access to public transportation. Moving forwards, our studio deemed this area’s relatively high crime rate and large unhoused population as matters that required careful attention.

Resources for education should include financial aid, career advisors, access to studying with professionals, and disability resources.

Resources should provide functions that help support student success even in the non-academic side, for example such as a childcare center.

SITE SELECTION The studio researched four potential sites: Chula Vista, Mission Valley, Downtown San Diego, and Logan Heights. Each site was researched in terms of their relevant community boundaries, natural resources, social attributes, people, built environment, and heritage, in order to determine which location seemed most fitting for a future campus community.

This information was aggregated into a single exhibit and presented to the studio partners with voting taking place to determine which location would best serve the institutional needs. Some of the assets and disadvantages of each location are as follows: CHULA VISTA Chula Vista was an attractive location because of its proximity to the

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CONTEXTUAL UNDERSTANDING POPULATION The total population of Logan Heights, also known as Barrio Logan, is 58,408, with around a 5% population increase annually. The community makes up about 4% of San Diego’s total population of 1.4 million people.

SITE UNDERSTANDING

COMMUNITY CONTEXT The initial neighborhood of Barrio Logan grew due to the development of a US Naval Base in 1898 in San Diego. Later, the creation of a major commercial seaport and the railroads also provided a housing boom in the area. This brought many diverse groups to the area, including African Americans, Japanese Americans, Filipino-Americans, and Italian Americans. However, the spirit of the community today, known as the “Logan Heights Experience” (aka The Heights, Logan, La Logan, Barrio Logan, etc.) is due to the migration of the Mexican families which began around 1900. They came from all parts of Mexico, including Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Michoacan, Zacatecas, etc. The population growth of Mexican families would continue up to the 1950s. In 1956, the placement of Interstate 5 and the deliberate changes in zoning patterns (from primarily residential to mixed-use industrial) devastated Logan Heights by removing economic viability and decreasing property values. In both aspects, Logan Heights residents felt uninformed and unable to voice objections or opinions on the expansion of San Diego, and to this day, families still feel a great sense of loss. However, in the late 1960s, the residents of Logan Heights came together to oppose the construction of a sub-station under the San-Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge by the California Highway Patrol. Through incredible will and commitment, the land was turned over to the community and later became Chicano Park. The community’s tenacity, spirit, and determination to preserve Barrio Logan as a vibrant, culturally rich, and united community continues and can be seen today in their Barrio Logan Community Plan.

DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION San Diego has a distinctive cultural identity from Hispanic populations from over sixty years. Historically, the area became prominent from industrial jobs, and there was a significant increase in San Diego’s Mexican population due to the 1910 Mexican Revolution. Alongside the prevalent Hispanic and Latino population, 42% of San Diego’s residents are white, 16% are Asian residents, and Black or African American residents make up 5% of the population. The median age is around 26.8 years. Overall, the culturally vibrant community consists mostly of local families that need a catalyst to revitalize the sense of physical connection that drives socio-economic and employment growth.

POVERTY In Logan Heights, the annual median income varies with an average income of $52,944. The total median income lies below the average at $40,310, primarily belonging to demographics under 25 and over 65. The total working population of Logan Heights consists of 51,093 people, 73.9% of which are above the poverty level with an additional 22.9% below the poverty level. The average Barrio Logan household lives on an annual income 45% less than the rest of San Diego.

AIR QUALITY San Diego is currently ranked as having the seventh worst ozone pollution in the country. With a median AQI, or Air Quality Index, of 64, this city reports only 73 days of good air quality throughout the year while the remaining 292 days record air quality that is moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups.

WATER AVAILABILITY The availability of water in Logan Heights is limited due to its lack of precipitation and large population. Annually, it receives approximately 12 inches of rain per year, mostly seeing clear and sunny days. Logan Heights also experiences an average humidity of 69% per year with the most humid month being July and the driest being January. Given its context in southern California, Logan Heights and the rest of San Diego rely on imported water from northern California or the Colorado River through the 242-milelong Colorado River Aqueduct. Still, Logan Heights and San Diego produce 10% of their own drinking water through the desalination of ocean water.

LAND USE Barrio Logan is organized in a manner that prioritizes its residential and commercial communities. In the Barrio Logan Community Plan, the commercial and residential zones are the heart of the community and are framed by major streets and key sight lines.

The development of these zones is driven by multi-family development, but are restricted by the large, industrialized zones. Near the waterfront, land is reserved for heavy industrial and military development, primarily the San Diego Naval Base. The industrial and military development of the land has forced awkward circumstances on the existing community as some residents find themselves living next door to a boat building yard. This shows a relative disregard for the existing community present before the industrial development. Additionally, the proximity of the Naval Base has sparked development that further imposes on the Barrio Logan Community such as a need for naval lodging. Barrio Logan has been forced to adapt and integrate these waterfront industrial conditions.

TRANSPORTATION The site is located adjacent to the I-5 and the Coronado Bridge, making it a hub for vehicle transportation. Through the site, there are two modes of public transportation that circulate. Trolleys and buses run alongside cyclist lanes. There are anticipated road improvements to enhance mobility and connectivity in the community such as the Draft Mobility Element that is meant to make walking, biking, and public transit more attractive in the city, including Barrio Logan. The Draft Mobility Element will work alongside the developing land use of the community to create a more vibrant and accessible neighborhood through the growth of the community’s interconnections.

RESOURCE AVAILABILITY Logan Heights benefits from coastal air and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The coastal winds can easily be utilized in passive

design strategies for individual buildings as well as energy generation for the city as a whole. Offshore wind and hydroelectric farms have great potential in powering the city but have received push back from the city power suppliers like San Diego Gas & Electric Company. Gas and electricity are provided by the San Diego Gas & Electric Company. SDG&E has substantial investment in the Barrio Logan community. One of the utility’s major power stations in the San Diego region is in Barrio Logan.

This station is identified as the silver gate substation, located west of Harbor Drive at Sampson Street.

ECOSYSTEM UNDERSTANDING SOIL Soil is primarily composed marine and nonmarine, poorly consolidated, fine- and-medium-grained, pale brown sandstone = weak soil conditions.

Proximity to Rose Canyon fault= earthquake and liquefaction prone area but occupiable VEGETATION Intense urbanization means no native plants are present and little landscaping Coastal proximity means future to preserve vegetation in waters (algae and marine grasses) to preserve small sea creatures in the area Despite the lack of rainwater, the coastal climate can support many types of succulents, such as the artichoke agave or the Mexican fence post cactus.

Various wildflowers can also strive here such as the Arroyo Lupine, the Goodding’s Verbena, the Bush Anemone, as well as Texas Sundrops.

Various types of trees can successfully live in this climate such as the Chaste Tree and Phoenix Mesquite.

In the right conditions, San Diego can be quite lush as we can see in Fern Canyon in the San Diego Zoo and Balboa Park.

WILDLIFE Birdlife is the most prominent, almost non-existent wildlife beyond this Nearest wildlife is 3.5 miles away in a canyon: coyotes, deer, and other mammals Six miles south of the community is a habitat for rare/endangered birds

430 bird species in the area, half are seasonal (in San Diego County) Infrastructure and dumping waste have contributed to decreased biodiversity especially in north and central bay of San Diego (location of Barrio Logan is central bay) Oil spills, ship waste, etc Ocean life includes dolphins, otters, and sea lions, as well as fish and crustaceans but much less diverse TOPOGRAPHY The site is effectively flat and continues this way to the bay to the west and south, elevation increases well beyond the site boundary to the north and east. Balboa Park is built on top of a hill while it spreads out into the many canyons that stretch from it.

CLIMATE San Diego has a diurnal swing of about 35 degrees Fahrenheit with a mean temperature of about 65-70 degrees. This puts San Diego in the comfort zone for a major portion of the year: June to November. But August and September can often be very hot.

Design Strategies that are effective in the climate are internal heat gain and solar direct gain. Sun shading is important as well for higher sun angles.

San Diego’s wind is cold and primarily comes from the northwest.

HOW MIGHT WE GOALS

ational to residential by implementing central courtyard and front lawns of buildings.

COMMUNITY How might we reflect global context within local design?

Important in order to create distinctions between spaces

Globally, how might we respond to humanitarian issues such as immigration and mass incarceration through quantitative research and qualitative application?

Locally, how might we design as “apart” of the community rather than “a part” from it, both visually and spatially? Additionally, how might we create a strong campus environment and identity while still welcoming those in need?

CLIENTS How might we design to promote student physical and mental well-being through the organization and development of spaces for both student and community interaction?

SERVICE How might we emphasize the architect’s and law student’s responsibility to serve through building design?

SITE Utilize unique site conditions as well as environmental factors to create a safe and accessible place for learning?

CAMPUS MASTER PLAN

CAMPUS PLANNING BEST PRACTICES Upon analysis and review of other universities, it was concluded that important qualities that exist for a campus plan to be successful must be reflected. Our project seeks to prioritize the experiences of the Law students and Latin American immigrants who will predominantly be utilizing these campus spaces. On the other hand, we also wish to create a transitional experience from the public to private through landscaping features that introduces biophilic design. Furthermore, the qualities and characteristics of a campus plan that are of greatest interest to our project include: (1) responding to environmental and cultural context, (2) implementing transitional spaces, (3) introducing biophilic design, and (4) continuity of design that encourages sense of community.

The best practices we have outlined for our site and project include: BIOPHILIC DESIGN Implementation of vegetation – including deciduous trees and shrubs with an emphasis on those that provide food

These transitional spaces seek to create dynamic buffers within a space to elevate the user’s experience.

SENSE OF COMMUNITY Creating central nodes or quads that allow for various student or regional communities to cross paths and engage with one another Provide buffer zones for students to study or rest between classes Provide landscape features whilst implementing seating that enables people to sit and engage in conversations ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURAL CONTEXT Understanding the cultural context of where a project resides and how to contribute in a respectful way Encouraging community engagement with local communities

CAMPUS COMPARATIVES A Nolli map is a figure ground drawing that aided us in developing our campus plan. These plan drawings help to distinguish private, semi-private, and public places from each other and clearly differentiate space from mass using black and white to represent the area being studied. We used several Nolli maps to help inform us of the flow of spaces on our campus and identify the ideal qualities of a law school campus. Some of the specific campus functional elements we would like to emulate were determined to be on these nine campuses: GEORGETOWN LAW SCHOOL This school was chosen for its centralization and walkability in the Washington D.C. area. The campus provides its students with living facilities (such as childcare, a fitness center, and housing for 300 students) to support students’ educational excellence. This is in addition to the classrooms, clinic spaces, and an expensive library. The proximity to national buildings and public transportation also encourages immersion into the extracurricular activities that D.C. has to offer.

Landscape and vegetation that encourages health and wellbeing of project’s users

HARVARD LAW SCHOOL The campus is comprised of mostly historic buildings with lots of green open space between buildings. The WWC is the hub for all student life which holds common spaces, classrooms, clinics, and dining facilities.

TRANSITIONAL SPACES Creating transitions within the campus from academic spaces to recre-

FORDHAM LAW SCHOOL The school’s closeness to the urban setting, along with its inclu-

Landscape design that seeks to engage communities

sion of greenery and proximity to Central Park provides easy access to city activities and nearby law firms. While located in a large, bustling context, the silver LEED certified campus itself contains a smaller plaza within to create a threshold between the campus and the city.

DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW Students are expected to live off-campus, while the law school features many sheltered outdoor spaces for students to relax and study. Its clinic wing is designed as a separate law office that fosters trust between law students and clients because it offers a space to meet confidentially.

NOTRE DAME LAW SCHOOL This campus creates community through large library reading areas as well as “living rooms” for student and teacher interaction. It utilizes large grassy lawns for social spaces and provides housing for graduate students and their families on campus.

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL The school is a unique campus as it is a series of buildings nestled in the city itself and centered around Washington Square Park. It is very well integrated into the city and fosters experiences in which school and city life intertwine.

CAMPUS RESILIENCY Resiliency refers to a site’s ability to weather adverse conditions (both immediate disasters and long-term stresses) while maintaining a high level of functionality and safety for all its residents. In our era, a primary test of resiliency is a site’s response to the challenges posed by climate change. As a coastal site in a drought and fire-stricken state, our campus will be particularly at-risk. The central concerns include sea-level rise and flooding, increasing temperatures, and decreasing precipitation. Although in the most catastrophic climate scenarios our site may simply become uninhabitable, we have pursued resiliency strategies that will ensure its functionality under many circumstances. Some primary strategies are outlined as follows: Addressing Sea-Level Rise and Flooding: Our buildings avoid placing primary or essential functions in below-grade spaces, so that flooding events do not damage or inhibit campus activity in the long-run.

Reducing urban heat island effect with extensive site vegetation, cool roofs, and rooftop gardens.

STANFORD LAW SCHOOL The central location of the university primarily gives students access to the mental health services. There are several green spaces available in the form of courtyards for studying and gathering. Its circulation system is also robust as the campus is broken up into four buildings with separate educational functions linked together with shared courtyards.

Increasing tree canopy on street edge and internal campus quad to give community greater access to shade in extreme heat.

LEWIS AND CLARK LAW The ample green spaces on the 20-acre campus function as “living rooms” to encourage community and gathering and are used as outdoor classrooms on occasion. The school is further surrounded by the forests of the state park, giving students access to nature as they make their way through the intensive law curriculum.

Extensive native-plant landscaping to reduce campus irrigation needs.

UNIVERSITY OF OREGON LAW SCHOOL The buildings on this campus create pockets of public space that are more sheltered than the general public realm and are oriented towards a shared courtyard with other buildings.

Provide a feeling of enclosure by maintaining human scaled buildings and landscape areas. Land Use and 3D Model: Academic Neighborhoods, Circulation, Student Life (Kelly) The objective of the Campus Master Plan is to create a vibrant student life as well as a safe and comfortable environment. This is done by buffering car-heavy streets with trees and landscaping, offering biking and walking opportunities, and creating facilities that are easily accessible to both students and visitors. Cal Western’s new campus will offer recreational and performing arts opportunities in addition to academic resources. Circulation can be divided into pedestrian and bike accessible pathways within campus, which can be accessed by service vehicles.

Fruit trees, streetlights, and benches will line these pathways, creating a comfortable and enjoyable environment.

Addressing Decreasing Precipitation: Use of building-level water capture and reuse of graywater to reduce strain on municipal water systems.

Addressing Unreliability of Energy Access Reducing energy needs (and thus reliance on potentially spotty energy grids) by taking advantage of appropriate building-scale and site-specific passive strategies.

Site design with awareness of solar access to increase natural daylighting in each building.

Extensive on-site solar generation to reduce loads on city grid and provide an independent energy source.

Many of the measures described here are very physical and architectural. While these may help preserve life and increase physical comfort, the campus also takes measures to address social and communal resiliency. By providing spaces for justice-oriented law education and pro-bono practice, as well as non-academic programs (such as markets, greenhouses, daycares, and more), the campus works towards lifting up the community and putting the neighbors in a better situation to recover following a disaster. The conjunction of architectural and social interventions embodied in our campus to support making Barrio Logan more resilient in the face of the challenges to come.

PROJECT PURPOSE HYD- RIGHTS CENTER FOR EDUCATION This project is designed to be woven into the urban fabric of San Diego.

This is done by Framing views to Downtown San Diego, The San Diego Bay, and the southern direction to pay homage to the Latin immigrants.

These were all carried through to celebrate the dichotomy between the students who are attaining an education and the immigrants who are creating opportunities while seeking to be uplifted Water is identified as the resilient resource to guide the building usage towards sustainable practices

HYD - RIGHTS

aspects of San Diego which are Downtown, the San Diego Bay, and towards the US-Mexico border. The 11-story building consists of staggered blocks, each of the four blocks has primary functions of academics, service, resources, and collaboration spaces.

The protected outdoor spaces consist of indoor plants to provide a visual break in the three building blocks. The offsetting of the facades on the southern side helps in creating shade to the internal spaces which also created the visual distinction between the blocks. In order to maximize the potential of San Diego’s climate, the humidity in the air is an essential tool in creating the patterned façade to capture condensate, and occasionally, rain. The gesture of staggering shows the multi factored influences that are essential to the newfound identities of the occupants.

PROJECT PROGRAM Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 353 | Spring 2022 The primary program of the building is an academic based law school project is designed to be wovenstudinto the urban fabric of along with immigrant service and This learning centers.

The adjacency San Diego.

This is done by Framing views ies consist of spaces for student success, student collaboration, faculty to Downtown San Diego,spaces, The San and DiegoanBay, and the southern direction to pay office, shared resources, instructional applied learning homage to the Latin immigrants. These were all carried clinic. The service-based aspect of Hyd-Rights Center for Education. This through to celebrate the dichotomy between the students includes spaces for CIVICS 101 classrooms, skilled center,and reading who are attaining anjobs education the immigrants who are rooms, an interpretive center, andcreating meeting rooms for pro-bono cases. opportunities while seeking to be uplifted Water is The flow of program varies vertically withasa the transition from academic identified resilient resource to guide the building usage and instructional spaces to moonshot spaces at the practices. top of theUnderstanding building towards sustainable the potential to create a range of public-private spaces.

The classrooms flexibleculture, to of the resilient attributes of are the people, and history of this site located in Logan allow for multiple instructional modes supplemented withHeights clinicalreflects assis- dignity in humanity. tance programs, and mock trial simulation programs as essential to the course learning goals. The floor plate design includes two egress stairs FORM GENERATION and elevator cores. Overall, there is a back and forth between the proAnjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 353 | Spring 2022 grams dedicated to students and to the external campus community.

RESILIENT RESOURCE Facade as Water Catchment “Every Drop Counts” Maximizing the marine climate of San Diego to harvest rainwater and condensate collected in gutter catchments

HYD-RIGHTS Center for Civil Rights Advocating for those creating opportunity refuge. The primary us and Immigrants.

HYD-RIGHTS Center for Civil Rights and Education Advocating for those who are in need by creating opportunity for those seeking refuge. The primary users include Students and Immigrants.

CAL WESTERN SCHOO The collective campus gizing the neighborho the Chicano culture o vate engagement to s ing community.

HYD - RIGHTS

THE PROJECT

This project is designed to be woven into the urban fabric of San Diego. This is done by Framing views to Downtown San Diego, The San Diego Bay, and the southern direction to pay PERFORMANCE ANDThese ACCOMPLISHMENTS homage to the Latin GOALS immigrants. were all carried The strategies employed to meet the goals regarding energy reduction through to celebrate the dichotomy between the students top photovoltaic catchment whoare areroof attaining an education panels, and the water immigrants who arethrough façade interRESOURCE ventions, indoor air purifying and operable for ventilacreating opportunities while seekingplants, to be uplifted Water iswindowsRESILIENT Facade as Water Catchment identified as the resilient resource to guide the of building usage collectors tion strategies.

There are 7,400 sq-ft photovoltaic placed “Every Drop Counts” towards sustainable Understanding potential the marine climate of San on the roof. Thepractices. façade panels provide the shade and prevent Maximizing overheating Diego to harvest rainwater and condensate of the resilient attributes of the people, culture, and history of on the southern façade of the building. Based on the initial collected studies, thecatchments in gutter thisTarget site located in Logan Heightswas reflects dignity in humaniEUI for this project set at 27, and the Architecture 2030 PalTHERMAL CIRCULATION ty. ette set the EUI goal at 20.3. Based on these parameters, Hyd-Rights

HYD - RIGHTS

wasGENERATION able to attain an EUI of 25 kBtu/ sq. ft. yr which meets the Target EU, FORM even Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 353 | Springthough 2022 it falls short for the 2030 Palette. The Air Quality Index can be maintained with the usage of indoor plants such as spider plants, and This project is designed to be woven into the urban fabric of peace lily. The water collected will be used to irrigate indoor plants along San Diego. This is done by Framing views to Downtown San with the greywater Diego, The San Diego Bay, and the southern direction to pay captured from plumbing. The cool panels provide sufficient travel time for the water droplets to drip into mullion catchments. homage to the Latin immigrants. These were all carried The energy reduction practices will help in reducing the environmental through to celebrate the dichotomy between the students impacts caused by the building. who are attaining an education and the immigrants who are

PROGR

STRUCTURE

HORIZONTAL

HYD-RIGHTS RESILIENT RESOURCE creating opportunities while seeking to be uplifted Water is VERTICAL Center for Civil Rights and Education Facade as Water Catchment identified as the resilient resource to guide the building usage Advocating for those who are in need by “Every Drop Counts” towards sustainable practices. Understanding the potential creating opportunity for those seeking the marine climate of San FORMAL INFLUENCES Maximizing CAMPUS PLAN AXON refuge. The primary users include Students Diego to harvest rainwater and condensate of the resilient attributes of the people, culture, and history of Immigrants. collected in gutter The formal gestures were based oncatchments framing the three main and contextual EGRESS

this site located in Logan Heights reflects dignity in humaniCIRCULATION ty.

THERMAL

STRUCTURE

24” x 24” Concrete Columns

14” x 10” Rectangular Concrete Beam CAL WESTERN SCHOOL OF LAW 1’ Site Cast Concrete Slab 1 ½” Wood Panel Ceilings The collective campus community re-energizing the neighborhood to pay homage to the Chicano culture of the region and activate engagement to strive towards a thriving community.

PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBU

SITE PLAN

FLOORPLANS

Center for Civil Rights and Education Advocating for those who are in need by creating opportunity for those seeking refuge. The primary users include Students and Immigrants.

Facade as Water Catchment identified as the resilient resource to guide the building usage “Every Drop Counts” STRUCTURAL THERMAL AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS towards sustainable practices. Understanding the potential Maximizing the marine climate of San The primary structural system for the building is Concrete with moment The on-site central plant provides chilled water and heated water Diegoby tothe harvest rainwater and condensate framesof for the lateralresilient resistance andattributes concrete shear walls. was for the entire campus in addition of This thesystem people, culture, and history ofto the water captured collected in gutter catchments chosen to allow for increased density in this location. The structural aluminum panels. The building uses the central plant for the inthis site located in Logan Heights reflects dignity in humanibays are 35’ x 30’ each and have cantilevered floor plates to accommostructional spaces, and the interpretive center due to the large THERMAL STRUCTURE CIRCULATION STRUCTURE date the shifting form. occupancy loads. ty.

gizing the neighbo the Chicano cultur vate engagement t ing community.

CAMPUS AXON

PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBUTIO

PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBUTION

FORM GENERATION

HORIZONTAL

EGRESS

EGRESS

SUPPORT SPACES

SUPPORT SPACES 24” x 24” Concrete Columns 14” x 10” Rectangular Concrete Beam 1’ Site Cast Concrete Slab 1 ½” Wood Panel Ceilings

24” x 24” Concrete Columns EGRESS 14” x 10” Rectangular Concrete Beam 1’ Site Cast Concrete Slab VERTICAL 1 ½” Wood Panel Ceilings

CIRCULATION The desire to maintain flexible circulation with ease of way finding was attainable on a square shaped floor plate with a ring like circulatory motion. The outer rings were used to create paths for human engagement, and exploration, whereas the inner rooms created a courtyard effect even at the topmost floor of the building. The protected outdoor spaces are used for moments for reflection and vegetated to create compartments of privacy within a given space. The open floor plans allow for free movement of spaces between classroom areas, with egress pushed to the northeast corner. The T-shape circulation paths help with linear way finding. The use of experiential staircase helps with vertical way finding through different moments of the building based on privacy levels.

CAMPUS PLAN AXON

CIRCULATION

The remaining programs utilize a VAV system to ventilate the interior spaces through AHUs with overhead ducted distribution. The requirement to adjust temperatures and flush out air periodically would require an air-based system.

-

THERMAL

Scale 1/16” = 1’-0”

HYD - RIGHTS

EGRESS

0’ 4’

12’

24’

48’

PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIB

STRUCTURE

SUPPORT SPACES

Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 353 | Spring 2022

This project is designed to be woven into the urban fabric of San Diego. This is done by Framing views to Downtown San Diego, The San Diego Bay, and the southern direction to pay homage to the Latin immigrants. These were all carried through to celebrate the dichotomy between the students who are attaining an education and the immigrants who are creating opportunities while seeking to be uplifted Water is identified as the resilient resource to guide the building usage towards sustainable practices. Understanding the potential of the resilient attributes of the people, culture, and history of this site located in Logan Heights reflects dignity in humanity.

EGRESS

SUPPORT SPACES

RESILIENT RESOURCE Facade as Water Catchment “Every Drop Counts” Maximizing the marine climate of San Diego to harvest rainwater and condensate collected in gutter catchments

FORM GENERATION

HYD-RIGHTS Center for Civil Rights and Education Advocating for those who are in need by creating opportunity for those seeking refuge. The primary users include Students and Immigrants.

CAL WESTERN SCHOOL OF LAW The collective campus community re-energizing the neighborhood to pay homage to the Chicano culture of the region and activate engagement to strive towards a thriving community.

SITE PLAN

FORM GENERATION

EGRESS

EGRESS EGRESS

SUPPORT SPACES

SUPPORT SPACES

SUPPORT SPACES

HORIZONTAL 24” x 24” Concrete Columns 14” x 10” Rectangular Concrete Beam 1’ Site Cast Concrete Slab 1 ½” Wood Panel Ceilings

EGRESS VERTICAL

CIRCULATION

THERMAL

STRUCTURE

PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBUTION

Scale 1/16” = 1’ 0’ 4’

SITE SECTION

DETAILED WALL SECTION DETAILED WALL SECTION

Scale 1/16” = 1’-0” 0’ 4’

12’

24’

48’

24’

48’

24’

48’

Scale 1/16” = 1’-0” 0’ 4’

12’

PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBUTION

STRUCTURE

1. Foundation 1’ Concrete Slab Friction Piles Pile Cap

EGRESS SUPPORT SPACES

2. Structure (Floor Assembly) 24” x 24” Concrete Columns 1 - 1 ½” Terrazzo Floor Finish 14” x 10” Rectangular Concrete Beam 1’ Site Cast Concrete Slab 1’ Vapor/ Air Barrier 6” Rigid Insulation 1 ½” Wood Panel Ceilings

24” x 24” Concrete Columns 14” x 10” Rectangular Concrete Beam 1’ Site Cast Concrete Slab 1 ½” Wood Panel Ceilings

EGRESS SUPPORT SPACES

Scale 1/8” = 1’-0”

0’

4’

12’

24’

48’

3. Facade System: Point Supported Glazing and Curtain Wall 1” IGU Curtain Wall Anchor 6 ½” x 2 ½” Interior Mullion ½” Point Supported Glazing Spider Clip Cable Truss

4. Facade System Aluminum Water Catchment Panels 4’ x 7’ Colored Aluminum Panel Sloped Gutter Catchment 6” Vertical Mullion 2’ Vertical Mullion Water Pipes 5. Lighting Fixtures Linear Pendant Light Disk Pendant Light 6. Equipment PV Panels

Scale 1/16” = 1’-0” 0’ 4’

12’

Architecture has the innate ability to provide a sense of dignity. Having the opportunity to curate spaces that enable dignified lives is both a privilege and a responsibility. My take on design thinking is based on one’s own approach to solving real time problems. Finding solutions that are ethical, sustainable, and engaging are key to enhancing the human experience. I find myself immersed in the history of the land, the people who make it, and how they give back to the environment. The built environment is much the same. However, there is an added responsibility to give back to the community that allows change. In the wise words of Remy, “Change is nature, Dad! The part that we can influence. And it starts when we decide.” Being a change maker begins when we act, enabling us to design dignified spaces. I look forward to designing these spaces to be inclusive in their intent, and accessible in their experiences.

I aim to use the opportunities given to me to identify real change. I am slowly realizing the impact that I can make as an individual by taking steps toward advocating for the prioritization of health, and safety. Being able to focus on creating spaces that are engaging, activated, and prosperous for generational health can result in various improvements of the environment.

At the beginning of the quarter, I envisioned having a whole developed building, making a physical model, and presenting the work. However, I never fully thought of absorbing the process and journey to get there. The process was enriching and full of ebbs and flows, helping me realize the importance of learning from the moments.

IN REFLECTION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

“Average Humidity Levels for California - Current Results.” Weather and Science Facts, Current Results Publishing Ltd., 2022, www.currentresults. com/Weather/California/humidity-annual.php.

City of San Diego Planning Department, “Barrio Logan Harbor 101 Community Plan.” https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/planning/community/profiles/pdf/cp/cpblfull.pdf, “San Diego Topographic Map, Elevation, Relief.” Topographic-Map.Com, en-us.topographic-map.com/maps/n0u/San-Diego. Accessed 2 June 2022.

“US Solar Insolation Maps.” Northern Arizona Wind & Sun, 2022, www.solar-electric.com/learning-center/solar-insolation-maps.html.

Anderson, Dave and Timothy Hursley, directors. Rural Studio: Love Stories. YouTube, YouTube, 19 June 2015, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=704hR8KLCf0&ab_channel=RuralStudio. Accessed 5 Jan. 2022.

“Barrio Logan Demographics.” Point2, https://www.point2homes.com/US/Neighborhood/CA/San-Diego/Barrio-Logan-Demographics.html#:~:text=What%20is%20the%20population%20of%20Barrio%20Logan%3F&text=There%20are%2058%2C231%20residents%20in,born%20citizens%20account%20for%2013.81%25.

“Cal Western School of Law.” California Western School of Law, https://www.cwsl.edu/.

“Chicano Park: National Landmark, Local Treasure.” National Landmark, Local San Diego Treasure, https://www.sandiego.org/articles/parks-gardens/chicano-park.aspx.

“Cross Ventilation.” 2030 Palette, http://2030palette.org/cross-ventilation/.

Dean, Andrea Oppenheimer, et al. “Introduction.” Rural Studio, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2002, pp. 1–13.

“Direct Gain: Glazing.” 2030 Palette, http://2030palette.org/direct-gain-glazing/.

Harbor 101 Barrio Logan Community Plan - San Diego. https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/planning/community/profiles/pdf/ cp/cpblfull.pdf.

“Logan Heights - San Diego History Center: San Diego, CA: Our City, Our Story.” San Diego History Center | San Diego, CA | Our City, Our Story, https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/1983/january/logan/.

Logan Heights Historical Society: Memory Album. https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/planning/community/cpu/barriologan/ documents/pdf/barriologanmarketanalysis1208.pdf.

“Shading Devices.” 2030 Palette, http://2030palette.org/shading-devices/.

Stohr, Kate. “100 Years of Humanitarian Design .” Design like You Give A Damn: Architectural Responses to Humanitarian Crises, Metropolis Books, London, “San Diego Native Plant Guide.” Eco Minded Solutions, 26 Mar. 2019, https://ecomindedsolutions.com/san-diego-native-plant-guide/.

APPENDICES

SF JAZZ

B U I L D I N G A N A LY S I S P R O J E C T

TA B L E O F C O N T E N TS

01_Story 02_Space A R C H 3 4 1 | FA L L 2 0 2 1 | S T U D I O G O O D W I N Anjali Beekam

03_Site

Elena Hennerman

04_Circulation

Gretchen Kerr

05_Structure

Rashmi Pradhan

06_Systems 07_Skin

01 S T O R Y PROJECT BACKGROUND

SF JAZZ center San Francisco, USA Mark Cavagnero Associates

Location: San Francisco, CA

Area: 30,000 sq. ft.

Completion: 2013

SF JAZZ has a historical presence in the world of music in San Francisco’s Performing Arts District. The center was founded in 1983 and has established firm ground since the $25 million anonymous funding which drove the project’s completion in 2013. The interplay between exposure and intimate spaces gives some purposeful glimpses into the world of Jazz from the contextual areas. San Francisco’s history of housing famous musicians such as Billy Holiday and further gives a platform to up and coming artists. Hence, preserving the craft.

MARK CAVAGNERO ARCHITECTS

C O L L A B O R ATO R S

PROJECT TEAM

Project Manager: Ingram & Associates, Inc General Contractor: Hathaway Dinwiddie Acoustics and Audio: SIA Acoustics Theater and Video Consulting: Auerbach Pollock Friedlander LEED Consultant: Green Building Telecommunications: TEECOM Façade Consultant: Maurya McClintock Façade Consulting Plumbing Engineering: WSP | PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Mechanical Engineer: WSP | PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Electrical: WSP | PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Lighting: WSP | PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF Structural Engineer: Forell/Elsesser Engineers, Inc Civil Engineer: KCA Engineers, Inc. Landscape Design: Monica Viarengo Landscape Design Interiors: Mark Cavagnero Associates

Mark Cavagnero Kang Kiang Goetz Frank Cameron Cooper Larry Biggs

SOURCES https://www.cavagnero.com/project/sfjazz-center/ https://www.archdaily.com/sf-jazz-mark-cavagnero-associates

SF JAZZ

Paul Loeffler Jon McNeal Paul Davison Charlotte Hofstetter Yun Young Na

Cavagnero architects is one of the bay area’s most celebrated architects, with 70+ practicing professionals working in San Francisco and Paris. The special emphasis on public institutional projects fuels the mission to collaborate with the community and commemorate the organizations they work with, bringing recognition to the public causes. The streamlined approach of balancing the budget, and state of the art facilities give birth to dignified spaces for the users. Cavagnero architects bring 30 years of experience in the field, truly understanding the culture and presence of a place. SF JAZZ center is a stunning example of several combined efforts. A dynamic architectural presence, in terms of the contemporary design and a celebratory abode for the world of blues and jazz. The civic duty is a major ideal of Cavagnero architects which is evidently present in the physical realm of SF JAZZ center.

R E F L E CT I O N / E VA LUAT I O N The SF Jazz Center was a puzzle at first glance. Stripes of glass created interest, but beyond that it appeared to be a box of concrete - an oddly simplistic building that did not fit its landmark status as one of San Francisco’s cultural centers. It was only through our research and analysis that the complexities of this building became clear.

The building is still a box, but it feels expansive and dynamic from every view. The theater is an amazing example of systems integration, with thermal comfort and sensory components mixing with structure and aesthetic to create the perfect canvas for performance. The concrete and glass amplify passive design strategies that decrease energy consumption, while not compromising on user experience.

Mark Cavagnero Architects and collaborators took advantage of every inch of the site to create not just a building, but a home for SF Jazz. As a guest, your visit is carefully curated - from the larger-than-life portraits hung across the street, to the invisible ventilation below the theater seats, and everything in between. As a performer or employee, you feel comfortable in all areas of the building. And as architecture students studying this masterpiece from afar, we aspire to create projects with the same amount of intent, care, and integration that was put into the SF Jazz Center.

02 S P A C E SF JAZZ center San Francisco, USA Mark Cavagnero Associates loading docks

F O R M + S PA C E

ensemble room

auditorium

support

SF Jazz is a three storey open air building with special dedication to the Robert N. Miner auditorium as the performing arts center and Jazz centric space. The Joe Henderson lab makes this building a performing artists dream center. The building acts as a transparent gateway between the city and music. The form itself is a cuboidal extrusion with curtain wall facade that frames rhythmic windows on the street facing ends.

public lobby

cafe/ restaurant

public lobby auditorium

projection room

OPEN OFFICE OPEN DRESSING OFFICE ROOM

support

outdoor terrace dressing room

DRESSING CAFÉ ROOM

FELL ST.

green room

FELL ST. SECTION NORTH-SOUTH CAFÉ

AUDITORIUM

LINDEN ST.

AUDITORIUM

LINDEN ST.

0

5

10

2 0

SECTION NORTH-SOUTH

20

5

20 10

2

open office

SUPPORT

pvt. office Balcony Seating

SUPPORT

OPEN OFFICE LOBBY

open office

open office

pvt. office

conference room

OPEN OFFICE

LOADING ALLEY

AUDITORIUM

LOADING ALLEY

AUDITORIUM

SECTION EAST-WEST

LOBBY LOBBY

FRANKLIN ST.

LOBBY

FRANKLIN ST. 0

5 2

0

20 10

5

20

03 S I T E SF JAZZ center San Francisco, USA Mark Cavagnero Associates

REGIONAL RESOURCES

CONTEXT

SETTING: URBAN, HAYES VALLEY CLIMATE: MEDITERRANIAN SF Jazz is located in the heart of San Francisco ‘s fine arts district. It is also in close proximity to the painted ladies. The building itself has three accessible entires on the block and the overall climate is mediterranian with warm dry summers and cool, rainy winters. The two main entrances face Franklin Street and Fell Street at the intersection of the two streets

SITE STUDY

The threshold between public and private is intently delicate and almost transparent due to the glass facade on three street facing sides of the building. The building is located immediately on the property line with the massing lined up right against the pedestrian pathway. The transition from the broader scope of the public realm is physically immediate and visually permeable. On the interior, the concert spaces are privatized as they are pushed to the adjacent building’s end.

-15°

°

INPUTS- WATER + ENERGY The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC) is a publicly owned sector of San Francisco that provides water, wastewater, and electric power services to the city.

The cities, water districts, and private utilities represented by the Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency (BAWSCA) rely upon the Hetch Hetchy system for water.

The water system was in fact planned to benefit the greater San Francisco Bay Area population.

OUTPUT- SEWAGE San Francisco is unique in California as the only city served predominantly by a combined sewer system. San Francisco collects both sewage and stormwater in the same network of pipes, then treats and discharges the combined flows to San Francisco Bay or the Pacific Ocean.

N

-30

15° 10°

30

AN RI T ST EN DE EM PE V O M R LA T CU EN HI M VE OVE M

5°

-4

°

-6 0°

20°

° 45

30° 40°

° -75

60°

50° 60°

W

70°

75°

SOURCES https://www.cavagnero.com/project/sfjazz-center/

E

-105°

80°

-1

12

° 35

°

105

-12

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C L I M AT E

0°

SF Jazz focuses on the transparency drawing the visitors inwards, this interplay between site and building is a delicate threshold. It is also a strategy to facilitate complete natural ventilation on three faces of the building facade with curtain walls. The benefits of employing natural ventilation can be seen in the ease of the tight density, colling the warm summer months, and maintaining regulatory air flow even in rainy months

°

50

13

-1

5° 5°

150

°

-16

165°

S

04 C I R C U L A T I O N SF JAZZ center San Francisco, USA Mark Cavagnero Associates

ACOUSTICALLY DIFFUSIVE CANOPY

SOUND ISOLATED FLOOR

C I R C U L AT I O N

Programmatically, the core is centered in the auditorium, a large multi-story space around which is a horseshoe circulation network is divided into public and private zones. The public entrance is at the corner of Fell and Franklin which opens up into a large standing lobby space. The threshold between the public street and private building is blurred in the lobby through the use of curtain wall glass which creates a visual connection between the interior and exterior. Visitors gravitate to the eye-catching lobby staircase as their main form of vertical circulation which continues to the upper floors along the east side of the building where the public areas are concentrated. The side view of portraits along the opposite building’s façade amplifies the processional experience of the public staircase. From the lobby you can access all of the programs such as the theater or education and business wings. In terms of private circulation, the staff have the option of two utilitarian staircases with additional elevators. Private spaces are intended for staff and performers and distributed parallel to the Southern and Northern facades. These are intended to be more utility-based and administrative.

DENSE CONCRETE FOR ACOUSTICS

SOUND INTENSIVE ZONE EGRESS TRANSITION ELEVATORZONE SOUND SENSETIVESTAIRCASE ZONE EXPERIENTIAL

EGRESS and FIRE LIFE SAFETY ACOUSTICALLY DIFFUSIVE CANOPY

SOUND ISOLATED FLOOR

DENSE CONCRETE FOR ACOUSTICS

There are entrances on three facades of the building. One entrance on Fell Street and one on Linden Street which are the main egress leading circulation paths. These are both extremely close to the exit points of the building. There are three flights of egress stairs as highlighted in the diagram. There is a total of six ground floor exits to the right-of-way, three exits access ways from the third to first floor by way of stairs and two elevators. This system overlaps with the more experiential version of the circulation in the lobby spaces; however, the private egress staircases are more SOUND ISOLATEDseparate from the main programs and are positioned in the more private wings of busiFLOOR ness, education, and locker rooms. There is minimal interaction between these public and private zones, aided by zone-exclusive circulation paths.

ACOUSTICALLY DIFFUSIVE CANOPY

DENSE CONCRETE FOR ACOUSTICS

FLOOR 1

SOUND INTENSIVE ZONE EGRESS

SOUND INTENSIVE ZONE PRIVATE EGRESS

TRANSITION ELEVATORZONE

TRANSITION ELEVATORZONE

SOUND SENSETIVESTAIRCASE ZONE EXPERIENTIAL

SOUND SENSETIVE PUBLIC ACCESSZONE

FLOOR 2

FLOOR 3

05 S T R U C T U R E SF JAZZ center San Francisco, USA Mark Cavagnero Associates

WH AT KIND OF FOUNDATION SYSTEM IS USED? PRIMARY STRUCTURE: Steel framing studs, girders and beams SECONDARY STRUCTURE: concrete load bearing/ shear walls FOUNDATION SYSTEM: concrete footing/ slab system, corrugated metal sheet (steel)

WH AT DROVE THE SELECTION OF THIS CONNECTION (OR NOT) TO THE EARTH? The chosen system to resist gravity and lateral loads is steel framing with concrete bearing walls.

The primary vertical elements are steel columns to resist gravity loads and transfer them to the ground plane. The secondary vertical elements are concrete bearing and shear walls that assist with both gravity and lateral loads. The horizontal elements in this system are steel framed girders and beams. The foundation system is customized specifically to the project’s requirements as it resists loads from the upper levels by directly supporting underneath the gravity carrying systems including columns and bearing walls. The foundation is comprised of a concrete footing and slab system with corrugated metal decking. The selection of this concrete and steel system allows for large glass facades to draw users into the building. The choice of concrete was also a decision based on the acoustic qualities of the high-density concrete used as a structural system throughout.

https://forell.com/news/san-francisco-jazz-center-construction-update/

Floor 3

Floor 2

http://sfjazz.blogspot.com/2011/12/big-concrete-pour-at-site-today.html

Floor 1

Foundation

https://www.flickr.com/photos/sfjazz/8497499897/

06 S Y S T E M S SF JAZZ center San Francisco, USA Mark Cavagnero Associates

BENCHMARKS

T H E R M A L a n d V E N T I L AT I O N S YS T E M S SF Jazz utilizes both active and passive systems to provide thermal comfort both on a mass scale and an individually operated scale. There is a hybrid system (air and hydronic) that utilizes outside air to facilitate displacement ventilation where colder heavier air is brought in to flush out warm air and provide a cooling effect. Natural ventilation across windows is another method of cooling the interior spaces. The radiant floors provide thermal comfort based on thermostatic temperature. There are passive measures of thermal control as well, such as operable transparent glazing angels and mechanical louvers on the exterior facade. There is an onsite plant located on the roof that is self-contained. The distribution system works across the floors for horizontal distribution and along the walls for vertical. Some of the components on the roof are the cooling system, ventilation fan, coil, and mechanical screen that acts as a façade to conceal the mechanical systems. The system is well integrated into the rest of the building form. The organizational hierarchy does not intrude with any of the actual occupiable spaces since it is placed on the rooftop. The mechanical system is concealed in the floors and roof. The only exception is the theater space in which there is a roof screen that conceals the roof system. Overall, the thermal control is maintained in a considerate and efficient way for the occupants to have a comfortable experience. The systems work with the organization to properly ventilate, heat, and cool the entire building. This is all accomplished while keeping the systems discreet to maintain the focus of the building on the materiality and the program.

It is expected that a building of this type would have energy reductions of at least 80% with the goal for a zero net energy building. For a project to perform, it must consider adequate daylighting and the limitation of excessive heating and cooling. The target EUI is 8 and the baseline EUI for SF Jazz is 38. The building performs well relative to the benchmarks. This could be due to the exterior skin of the building taking advantage of the southern sun with a glass façade. There are sunshades on the first floor for optimal thermal comfort. A design influence that may have poorly impacted the performance outcome is the lack of solar panels. This is a reasonable decision due to the cost both economically and visually of adding such a large element to the building’s exterior. In such a compact city with a small site, it may not have been logical to add solar panels even though it would help reduce energy consumption.

ACOUSTICALLY DIFFUSIVE CANOPY

ACOUSTICALLY DIFFUSIVE CANOPY

Floor 2 SOUND ISOLATED FLOOR

DENSE CONCRETE FOR ACOUSTICS

SOUND INTENSIVE ZONE TRANSITION ZONE

Water Source Treatment

Floor 3

SOUND SENSETIVE ZONE

SOUND ISOLATED FLOOR

DENSE CONCRETE FOR ACOUSTICS

Floor 1

SOUND INTENSIVE ZONE TRANSITION HYDRONICZONE SOUND AIR SENSETIVE ZONE

Foundation

07 S K I N SF JAZZ center San Francisco, USA Mark Cavagnero Associates

ENVELOPE

The SFJAZZ Center’s facade features glass curtain walls that wrap around the south and east sides, facing the pedestrian and vehicle thoroughfares. The low-iron glass balances transparency and reflectivity to make the building blend with the public realm - an invitation to pedestrians to peek inside. It also visually enlarges the public circulation areas that would otherwise seem overly enclosed. The lobby in particular is affected by this phenomenon - extending into the street to include the building across from SF Jazz, where portraits of famed jazz singers are prominently displayed. The second and third floors feel much more intimate in comparison due to the inclusion of translucent glass panels. The choice of glass also maximizes the potential for passive performance strategies. Most sunlight is received from the Southern direction, so concentrating glass there allows the most light to enter the building.

While various transparencies of glass make up a little more than half of the building’s façade, the remaining shows off concrete walls. They cater aesthetically to the form while acting as both structure and an acoustic block. Concrete as a dense material also has a high thermal mass, meaning that it absorbs heat from its surroundings and releases it when those surroundings become cooler. This passive comfort strategy works well with the San Francisco climate and the glass curtain walls, which allow heat to enter and be stored within the concrete.

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THE END.

Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 352 | W22 EXPERIENTIAL NARRATIVE

As the presidential elections come around, there is always a talk regarding the voter turnout which takes the country by storm. Realizing that the “turnout talk” is so deep rooted in race shows the complex layers of systemic injustice faced by many minorities in this countries. The basic right to- vote is often stripped away in legal bonds, rules, and practices. To counteract this phenomena, I am focused on designing for immigrants from Latin American countries who require to be documented at the least to live a life of flourishment and opportunity. The process involves starting with the basics- an address. Many of the immigrants are fleeing tormenting environments and seeking to barely survive. In such a situation, bringing the humane aspect of self identity and awareness can create generational trends of improved livelihood in the long run. Focusing on educating, implementing, and finally flourishing. Implementation requires long legal procedures which is my moon shot. To provide a platform via the law based services to attain immigrant documentation. To add onto the immigrant population, I would focus on current US citizens who are minorities and constantly atrisk. The contextual influences of the Logan Heights area displays displaced populations who are seeking an opportunity. With the aim to experience the fruitful endeavors of obtaining an education, acquiring skills, and being independent citizens, I would look into the possible combinations of literacy rates, and employment rates to see the quantitative progress of the citizens. I would also consider looking into the voter turnout for those who are current US citizens. The goals are broad but the intent to create a platform- a place to create a livelihood.

SITE PLAN

NA TI ON

AL

AV E

16 t h St

SITE AXON

NE

W

TO N

AV E

ADJACENCY STUDY PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBUTION

Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 352 | W22

CONCEPTUAL MASSING

FLOOR PLANS CAFE

UP DEAN'S OFFICE

SEATING

KITCHEN ASSOC. DEAN'S OFFICE FACULTY OFFICES

CIRCULATORY CORE RECEPTION

UP

DEAN'S OFFICE

FLEX OFFICE

TOUCHDOWN WORK AREA

UP

MOOT COURT

Scale

1/16” = 1’-00”

SECTION

LEVEL 01 SHARED RESOURCES MEDIUM CONFERENCE ROOM

DN UP FACULTY OFFICE

SHARED RESOURCES MEDIUM CONFERENCE ROOM

FLEXIBLE OFFICE SPACE

SHARED RESOURCES MEDIUM CONFERENCE ROOM ASSEMBLY/ LOUNGE SPACE

UP DN

DN UP CLASSROOM- DIDACTIC

CLASSROOM- DIDACTIC

MOOT COURT

Scale

1/16” = 1’-00”

LEVEL 02 Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 352 | W22

FLOOR PLANS

FLOOR PLANS

DN

LIVING QUARTERS VISITNG SCHOLARS

CLASSROOM- FLEXIBLE

TOUCHDOWN WORKSPACE

LIVING QUARTERS VISITNG SCHOLARS

WORK SPACE

KITCHEN PRINT ROOM

GROUP CASE STUDY SPACE

LIVING QUARTERS VISITNG SCHOLARS

UP DN

CLASSROOM- FLEXIBLE

UP DN

STUDENT RESOURCES

DN UP DN UP CLASSROOM- DIDACTIC

CLASSROOM- DIDACTIC

Scale

LIVING QUARTERS VISITNG SCHOLARS

Scale

1/16” = 1’-00” ADVISING CENTER

PEER TUTORING CENTER

LEVEL 03

LIVING QUARTERS VISITNG SCHOLARS

1/16” = 1’-00”

LEVEL 05

MEETING ROOMS

MEETING ROOMS

MEETING ROOMS

DISABILITY RESOURCE CENTER

VOTING RIGHTS EXHIBITON

ASSEMBLY/ LOUNGE CIVIC SERVICES CONFERENCE ROOM

CIVIC SERVICES CONFERENCE ROOM

UP DN

DN

MEETING ROOMS

CIVICS 101

SCREENING SPACE FOR VOTER HISTORY

DN UP

DN TRADE TRAINING CENTER

Scale

1/16” = 1’-00”

LEVEL 04

MEETING ROOMS

Scale

1/16” = 1’-00”

LEVEL 06

MEETING ROOMS

Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 352 | W22

E-W SECTIONS

Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 352 | W22

N-S SECTIONS

Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 352 | W22

EXTERIOR VIGNETTE

16 th

St

THE SHOPS AT CLEARFORK / NELSEN PARTNERS Fort Worth, TX

TIO NA

N

E AV AL

https://nelsenpartners.com/nb-portfolio/clearfork/

Francis A. Gregory Library/ DAVID ADJAYE Washington DC, USA

INTERIOR VIGNETTE

https://www.adjaye.com/work/francis-a-gregory-library/

Anjali Beekam | Studio White | ARCH 352 | W22

Lab 4: Daylight Modeling: Exploring Place, Time and Mood MOOD Contemplative

WINTER SOLISTICE

9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

FALL/ SPRING EQUINOX

foil green filter paper SECTION 9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

SUMMER SOLISTICE

Anjali Beekam | ARCH 307| 02/19/22 | Studio White

Lab 4: Daylight Modeling: Exploring Place, Time and Mood WINTER SOLISTICE

MOOD Curious

9:00 am

12:00 pm

FALL/ SPRING EQUINOX

3:00 pm

flowers grid filter paper SECTION 9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

SUMMER SOLISTICE

Anjali Beekam | ARCH 307| 02/19/22 | Studio White

Lab 4: Daylight Modeling: Exploring Place, Time and Mood WINTER SOLISTICE

MOOD Abyss

9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

FALL/ SPRING EQUINOX

colored filter paper wood cutouts SECTION 9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

SUMMER SOLISTICE

Anjali Beekam | ARCH 307| 02/19/22 | Studio White

Lab 4: Daylight Modeling: Exploring Place, Time and Mood

Model + Sunpeg

SUMMARY

In your studies, by what methods have you made the intanglible (daylight; mood) tangible (through space, aperture and material manipulation)?

I based the daylighting study photographs based on interventions relating the feel of the color- warmer colors and colder colors. I realized that the shadows were shorter and dimmer during the day in winters and starker during the afternoon in summer. The mood of the lighting pattern was heavily based on color for me. The teal hue for my wildcard study creates a sense of oceanic depth or endlessness along with calmness which helped me identify the mood as a sense of abyss. Looking at the quantitative/ tangible aspects of this exercise, I tried to conceal daylight leakage into the model as much as possible by taping the edges. The aperture sizing was thin with just the materials covering up the entire gap. I was able to create the balance between lighting, and cutouts by layering them. The framing of the space made by my camera was also important to capture the light falling on all the walls.

3:00 pm during summer solistice produced the starkest shadows that fell on the opposite wall. By changing the way I layered the materials, I was able to manipulate the intensity of the color coming in.

What is your intention for applying lessons learned here to inform an appropriate space in your current studio project (space and aperture manipulation, daylight, material, and in particular, the sectional development of your design project)? Be specific.

This exercise helped me realize that I can use lighting to create difference in public open spaces for the students, and protected outdoor spaces for the immigrant populations in our studio project. The intention to open up double height spaces with facade shadows, and texture in the interior spaces would help retain the activated spaces that students require and the protected, cozy spaces that immigrant populations would find comfort in. I would open up the aperture sizing to bring in as much light as possible.

abyss Anjali Beekam | ARCH 307| 02/19/22 | Studio White

“I” Building Analysis

Dania and Anjali

WEST OAKLAND COMMUNITY CENTER LOCATION: 1298 14th St WEST OAKLAND, CA | 37.8*N, 122.3* W CLIMATE: TEMPERATE ANALYSIS #1: BASE CASE

ASE

N

sDA

EUI

S

E

W

ANALYSIS #2

N

S

E

W

EUI

ANALYSIS #3

N

E

EUI

S

W

TARGET EUI: 27

TEAM MATRIX TEAM MATRIX NICK GOLDSCHMIDT ANJALI BEEKAM NANCY PADILLA NICK GOLDSHMIDT ANJALI BEEKAM NANCY PADILLA KENZIE PELLETIER KENZI PELLETEIR STACEY WHITE

MAYA ROSEN

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX

307-05 / STUDIO WHITE SAN DIEGO ANJALI BEEKAM 100,000 SQ. FT. STACEY WHITE HEIGHTS, CA shape, floor-to-floor catedTARGET inLOGAN sunny San Diego,27 the building height and window-to-wall ratio EUI: ct on the EUI. In attempts to lower the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned 100000SQFT ler height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also HEIGHTS/ have a lower window-to-wall LOGAN SAN DIEGO ratio.

KBTU/SQFT/YR UI: 27, 27 I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make buildings with lower EUIs. Most of our 100,000 SQ. FT.

ational or residental, so I made a mixture of bar widths that would be good for residential and TARGET EUI: 27 e good for classrooms and courtrooms. I think the alphabet technique was more successful in et EUI.

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022

SUMMARY

Based on the iterative prototyping for the massing typologies, it can be noted that floor to floor height, window head height, and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting characteristics.

By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio was changing drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as it had the least floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to volume ratio but there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor.

While our site is located in sunny San Diego, the building shape, floor-to-floor height and window-to-wall ratio have a large impact on the EUI. In attempts to lower the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned that having a smaller height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also have a lower window-to-wall ratio.

With a TARGET EUI: 27, I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make buildings with lower EUIs. Most of our buildings are educational or residental, so I made a mixture of bar widths that would be good for residential and some that would be good for classrooms and courtrooms. I think the alphabet technique was more successful in achieving the target EUI.

SUMMARY While our site is located in sunny San Diego, the building shape, floor-to-fl SUMMARY have a large impact on the EUI. In attempts lower Our the EUI, I tested diffe After comparing our Matrix, we noticed how varied our EUI results were even when using the sameto site.

The studio as a whole decided to test out the iterative studies done forthat building generation rather than 02.EUI Asbut a it must also having form a smaller height usually results in alab lower site’s target EUI was 27 for downtownMaya San Some members ofoccupied our group took thetonotion ofas“alphabet letRosen Diego. | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter With a TARGET 27, I feel veryless accomplished wish my group, we concluded that it was important to find a balance in 2022 the space byEUI: surface be compared toability totalto make ters” more realistically thantoothers.

When using a loser definition of forms “alphabet” the EUI was higher thanawhen usbuildings are educational or residental, sodirections I made mixture of bar widths volume i.e. S:V ratio in order facilitate better daylight penetration.

The generated took cardinal for daysome thatexterior would be of forbuilding classroomsthere and courtrooms.

I think the alph ing a true shape. When there was more area on the a lower lighitng intoletter consideration.

There is a standard FFmore heightsurface of 15’ and 5 storeys.

Most of good thethe EUIs generated arewas around 23, and achieving the target EUI. SUMMARY the to create apertures by maximizing on the northern ends and shading the southern.

EUI.goal We was tested different floor heights, rangingfacades window-to-wall ratios.

With a provide buildingadequate of 100,000 sf it isonimportant There was inthe theEUI WWR whereour in Ienvironmental placed my window head Our heights at 8’, and others onshapes having itwith higher that we aresome ablevariation to lowerSUMMARY to limit impact. group tested lots offocused different Based on the iterative prototyping for the m up to facilitate better daylight pentration length which is something I would like to employ in my project as well and window sill height alter the different restrictions and controls and it taught us the range the EUI can have just based on the building’s shape EUI but it is

and facade.

Based on the iterative prototyping for the massing typologies, it can be noted that floor to floor height, window head height, By decreasing the number of floors, the EU and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting characteristics. drastically based on a glazed atrium, or ope By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio was changing Maya Rosen | St floor, most effective courtyard placement, drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as it had the least there was minimal change in EUI just with t floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to volume ratio but there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor.

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

SUMMARY My major talkeaways in lab 02 were that isolating a single variable is essential to bring about changes in EUI, and reducing the S:V ratio is essential for efficient daylighitng of interior spaces. With the information, I decided the design my studio iterative study in a manner that retains floor to floor heights at 15’ by creating variations in form depth. Hance, a larger S:V ratio (69:1000) is not impacting the daylight penetration on S,E, and W facades. It is being accentuated on the N facae which requires more daylighiting. The window head heights are at 8’ which could have been placed little higher to help bring in more daylighting which I realized only while doing the SDA study. That is a change I would make in the future studies

INDIVIDUAL TESTING 1.

2.

3.

Iterative process beginning with the base studio model, I realized that some spaces on the ground floor were not receiving any daylight (grey zone)

Seperated the two bottom spaces to remove the grey zone. I realized that there were no apertures on south side. I also combined the top two forms to facilitate skylight. The SDA showed slight improvement, but more daylighting is required

Added some apertures to the south side, and added strip glazing on the top part of the west facade. The SDA is more desireable with a minimal increase in EUI.

INDIVIDUAL SCHEME NICK GOLDSCHMIDT NANCY PADILLA ANJALI BEEKAM KENZIE PELLETIER STACEY WHITE

PLAN

PLAN

SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

DAYLIGHITNG GRPAHIC

TOTAL S.F.: 98,475 S. F. (98.4% OF TARGET S.F.) # OF STORIES: 5 F.F. HEIGHT: 15 WWR: 0.333 S:V RATIO: 69:1000

SUMMARY

Testing the daylighting helped me realize that daylight penetration is directly dependent on floor heights and the structural sizing. I was able to bring the Spatial Daylight Autonomy to 69% by creating floor to floor heihgts of 15’, and realizing that the window head height must be sufficiently high to acommodate a daylighitng penetration length that is double the height to fill up the interior room space. Specifically, I maintaine 8’ high window head heights. I also brought in skylights in spapces where the rule of thumb was not accessible, such as building cores, and northern facades. I noticed some greyed out zones in my initial and final study on the western end where the form is pushed in. Iassumed this would help reduce glare but it completely wiped out daylight, hence orientation towards south and pushing the form out would have helped. I employed shading devices o the upper floor of soutern sides in order to reduce overheating. Overall, the EUI was not shifting much with the window shading, and orientation devices primarily because San Diego does not experience much diurnal swing. At 69% SDA, I realize that some spaces might be a little overheated and others are not receing as much daylight.

INDIVIDUAL SCHEME ANJALI BEEKAM STACEY WHITE

STRUCTURAL AXON

STRUCTURAL GRID (PLAN)

7.5” slab w/ 2-00” decking 28” deep girder 22” deep steel beam

This chart is for steel wideflange beams, composite beams, and girders. For average and light loads, read toward the right in the indicated areas. For heavy loads, read toward the left.

SIZING THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS

� Beams or girders acting as part of a rigid frame for lateral stability may be deeper than indicated by 105 this chart.

12’

� Standard depths of shapes come

in 2-in. (50-mm) increments up to 18 in. (450 mm) deep, and in 3-in. (75mm) increments for larger sizes.

Copyright © 2017. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. All rights reserved.

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS Steel beams and girders may be used in both Combustible and Noncombustible Construction. Fire-resistance ratings of as high as 4 hours are achievable with applied fireproofing or an appropriately fire-resistive ceiling. Some building codes also allow reduced fire protection or exposed steel for roof structures that are 15 to 25 ft (4.6 to 7.6 m) or more above the floor.

SUMMARY

� Widths of beams and girders range from approximately onethird to one-half the depth of the member. Heavy sections used for heavy loads or to conserve depth may be wider.

BAY SIZING

� Depths of up to 36 in. (914 mm) are available as standard rolled sections. Deeper beams capable of longer spans may be shop-fabricated.

After doing the Wednesday workshop activity on daylight penetration, I understood that the beam/ girder depth impacts the amount of daylighting that is entering the interior spaces. The ASC tables helped in identifying which member depth works best for the given spaces. For eg: I used 22” deep beam members to sufficiently support and provide daylight to 40’ beam spans. The overall structural grid has some asymmetry which leads to some edges, and corners being unsupported. I would assume that there are irregular columns running there which I have marked in yellow. With the overall dimensions being approximately 130’ x 200’, I wanted the max member spans to be below 50’. With this consideration, I divided the length depth into 5 bay sides, and the width into 3 bay sides. There are 8 regular bays which I used for the study. Upon sizing th ebeam member as 22” deep and girder members (primary) as 28” deep I was able to acommodate 12’ for ceiling heihgt with steel decking plate of 2” in mind. The selected system is steel due to the long spans and variation. The irregular building geomtery requires the redundancy that steel provides as well as the flexibility. Sizing the member depth and a steel decking helped in finding the ceiling heihgts fom overall floor to floor heights of 15’

Allen, Edward, and Joseph Iano. The Architect's Studio Companion : Rules of Thumb for Preliminary Design, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/calpoly/detail.action?docID=4790663.

Created from calpoly on 2021-01-20 09:56:25.

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

SUMMARY Based on the iterative prototyping for the massing typologies, it can be noted that floor to floor height, window head height, and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting characteristics.

By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio was changing drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as it had the least floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to volume ratio but there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

STUDY SUMMARY

TOTAL S.F.: 95,114 D. F. (95.1% OF TARGET S.F.) # OF STORIES: 4 F.F. HEIGHT: 14 WWR: 0.357 S:V RATIO: 61:1000

The block instance interaction contains a glazed atrium that is aligned to the longitudinal axis of the building creating an oblong form. There is an added level of restrictiveness with the window head height. The surface to volume ratio is however slightly higher than other counterparts. Despite having a fair FLOOR to FLOOR height of 14’, there is a relatively low EUI due to daylighting optimization in the apertures.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

STUDY SUMMARY

TOTAL S.F.: 98,004 S. F. (98% OF TARGET S.F.) # OF STORIES: 5 F.F. HEIGHT: 13 WWR: 0.307 S:V RATIO: 57:1000

This series of iterations focused on compressing the form to note the variation in surface-to-volume ratios as impacted by formal orientation rather than daylighting factors and glazing. Reducing the floor to floor height helped optimize the space to keep the penetration depth at bay. Despite having 5 floors the snug form with the covered atrium serves well at retaining heat.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

STUDY SUMMARY

TOTAL S.F.: 95,114 D. F. (95.1% OF TARGET S.F.) # OF STORIES: 3 F.F. HEIGHT: 13 WWR: 0.23 S:V RATIO: 90:1000

The ring like form was particularly tricky to bring the EUI down since most of the surface is concentrated to the exterior in a corridor form.

Reducing the number of storeys and floor to floor heights definitely helped reduce the EUI and the surface to volume ratio which was relatively low in this series of iterations.

Lab 1: Climate Analysis, EUI, and Climatic Design Strategies 021223ÿ5677ÿ89 ÿ 1. 01Baseline and EUI Targets

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Design Strategies

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1. Internal heat gain (59.6%) 2. Sun shading of windows (17.8%) 3. Natural Ventilation Cooling (12.5%) 4. Passive Solar Direct Gain High Mass (21.2%)

San Diego does not experience any extreme weather conditions throughout the year. There are plenty hours of comfort especially during July-September with little variation even in a given day.

3D Sun Path Chart

Internal heat gain (59.6%) Passive Solar Direct Gain High Mass (21.2%) http://2030palette.org/direct-gain-heat-storage/ “A minimum 10 cm (4 inches) in thickness, with An exposed ‘surface area to solar glazing area ratio’ of 3:1 to 9:1.”

The Logan Heights area consists of buildings which are about increase R value of walls to retain heat 2-3 storeys high. This provides interor access to ample sundecrease surface as much as possible for light. There is little variation in daily weather change, with the the amount of volume sun being most prominent on the south side.

Sun shading of windows (17.8%) http://2030palette.org/shading-devices/

Natural Ventilation Cooling (12.5%) http://2030palette.org/cross-ventilation/

“Horizontal overhangs or louvers for solar orientations (facing the equator); and Vertical fins and egg-crate designs for other orientations.”

“Additional shading strategies include recessing glazed openings, and incorporating porches, balconies, and mature vegetation to shade east and west walls as well as outdoor areas”

Buildings with openings on opposite sides of a room allow for cross ventilation.

Breezes are drawn in from an inlet and flow through an outlet to cool the room passively. The pathway between openings should be clear for the ventilation to be most beneficial.

Anjali Beekam | ARCH 307 | Studio White

Lab 1: Climate Analysis, EUI, and Climatic Design Strategies Design Strategies

1. Internal heat gain (59.6%) 2. Sun shading of windows (17.8%) 3. Natural Ventilation Cooling (12.5%) 4. Passive Solar Direct Gain High Mass (21.2%) The psychrometric Chart only displays 4 passive design strategies to implement self asessed fifth one 5. Stack Ventilation Passive Solar Direct Gain High Mass (21.2%)

Stack Ventilation

http://2030palette.org/direct-gain-glazing/

http://2030palette.org/stack-ventilation/

Direct sunlight can enter through the glazing to heat the building on cool days. Glazing is most beneficial when facing the equator, meaning that glazing in the northern hemisphere should ideally face south and glazing in the southern hemisphere should ideally face the north. Thermal mass can also store heat throughout the day and release it to heat rooms during the nighttime

Given San Diego’s marine climate, stack ventilation would help with ht emovement of warm air to enhance the open breathable spaces. To achieve this, there must be inlets and outlets of apertures for air flow from high density cold air to low density warm air. Stack Ventilation can also help keep the spaces cool during summers, and avoid stagnant air in a single given space. This is generally preferred in temperate climates.

The only condition is that there is a requirement of atleast 3 degrees C difference between indoor and outdoor temperature

ITERATION 01

anjali beekam | ARCH 342 | studio white | spring 2022

model with established footcandle target with a RECESSED or SURFACE MOUNTED luminaire

Established Footcandle Target: 40 fc (classroom) Recessed Luminaire Selected Luminaire:Peerless Mino 2x2 | MN9 2x2 G/ST/RW Peerless Lighting | Troffer Quantity: 21 Lighting Power Density: 0.44 W/ft2 Integration: The window is parallel to lighting fixture direction Sensor: Passive Infrared Sensor for Classroom Summary Iteration 01 focuses on using recessed luminaires for the classroom space. The design goals of the space are to maintain open and fluid workstation which highlight the flexible classroom atmosphere. There are simultaneous activities of work and leisure in the same space. The lighting fixtues are all placed parallel to the window placement which is were most of the work desks are situated. The lighting power density is 0.44 W/ft^2 which meets the target LPD of 0.7 W/ft^2 as seen in the third iteration. There is efficient in terms of energy to be saved. The fixture count of 21 is less based on the occupancy of 80 people. The illuminance is also apt for a classroom at 40 fc. Hence, this iteration is the most ideal for the classroom setting in terms of quantity of lighitng fixtures and energy saving abilities. Some challenges might include providing adequate lighting in more academicall focused spaces as compared to leisurely ones.

window placement

ITERATION 02

anjali beekam | ARCH 342 | studio white | spring 2022

model with established footcandle target with a SUSPENDED luminaire (ie, up/down light). NOTE that you will need to change the suspension length for the suspended luminaires

Established Footcandle Target: 40 fc (classroom) Suspended Luminaire Selected Luminaire: FIN L 4 2D H35AD CF Mark Architectural Lighting | Linear fitting | FIN LED Quantity: 42 Suspension Length: 3’ Lighting Power Density: 1.08 W/ft2 Integration: The window is parallel to lighting fixture direction Sensor: Passive Infrared Sensor for Classroom Summary Iteration 02 focuses on using suspended luminaires to operate the classroom space. This does reduce the ceiling height by 3’. However, it does provide more light concentration in a spot which would help with the work spots. The Light Power Density is at 1.08 W/ft ^2 which does not meet the target of 0.7 W/ ft^2.

Since it does not meet the target, there is no potential for saving energy through the usage of these luminaries. The lights fixtures are placed parallel to the window alignment. There iare a high number of fixtures at 42 which makes the luminaries inefficient in terms of cost and ceiling space. even though 42 is a good range of fixtures for 80 people. The illuminance is at 40 fc which is apt for a classroom. Overall this fixture would pose issues in terms of fixture redundancy and lack of energy savings.

window placement

ITERATION 03

anjali beekam | ARCH 342 | studio white | spring 2022

model with target lighting power density [LPD] Established Footcandle Target: Based on LPD for this iteration Surface Mounted Luminaire Selected Luminaire: 2 AVL2 20 LHE ACP LP 830 Lithonia Lighting | Avante LED

Displaying last two iterations with the target lighitng power density [LPD]

Quantity: 60 Lighting Power Density: 0.7 W/ft2 Illuminance: 81 fc Integration: The window is parallel to lighting fixture direction Sensor: Passive Infrared Sensor for Classroom Summary The third iteration focuses on meeting the target lighitng power density which is marked at 0.7 W/ft^2. Although the Lithonia lighting fixture meets the target LPD, it is inefficient in terms of fixture count. The illuminance is too high at 81 fc whihc is double the requirement as compared to classroom at 40 fc. There is great potential to save enegy with the usage of the fixture.

The fallback is in terms of the fixture count sine t is redundant to have so many fixtures in as 1800 sq. ft. classroom for 80 people. Overall, the fixture does not pse as the best option for this classroom space.

window placement

SECTION INTEGRATION

anjali beekam | ARCH 342 |studio white | spring 2022

A4

Level 9 112' - 0"

1' SITECAST CONCRETE SLAB 14" x 10" RECTANGULAR CONCRETE BEAM VAPOR BARRIER RIGID INSULATION 2-1/4" WOOD PANEL CEILING

LED LINEAR PENDANT LIGHT

A4

INSULATING TEMPERED GLASS

VERTICAL ALUMINUM MULLION

Level 9 112' - 0"

1' SITECAST CONCRETE SLAB 14" x 10" RECTANGULAR CONCRETE BEAM VAPOR BARRIER RIGID INSULATION 2-1/4" WOOD PANEL CEILING

Level 8 98' - 0"

LED LINEAR PENDANT LIGHT

INSULATING TEMPERED GLASS

VERTICAL ALUMINUM MULLION

Level 8 98' - 0"

LEVEL 08 SECTION CEILING AND LIGHTING INTEGRATED SCALE 1/4" 1'

0'

2'

4'

LEVEL 08 SECTION CEILING AND LIGHTING INTEGRATED SCALE 1/4" 1'

8'

0'

2'

4'

16' 8'

16'