المكتشف الأسباني بيدرو باييس , من صحاري حضرموت إلى النيل الأزرق , كتب عيدالله ناصر بجنف , صنعاء ن

‫‪19/6/2018‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻣﻛﺗﺷﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﺑﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻳﺩﺭﻭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻳﻳﺱ‪ , ‬ﻣﻥ‪ ‬ﺻﺣﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺣﺿﺭﻣﻭﺕ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻧﻳﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎء‪­19 ,‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ­‪2018‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‪ ‬ﻧﻴﻮﺯ‪/‬ﻛﺘﺐ‪ / ‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‪ ­ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‪ / ‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻗﺼﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﺳﻮﺍﻥ‪ ,‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ,‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺼﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺣﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﻘﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ‬ﻧﻔﺴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺩﻋﻰ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻮﻓﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﻔﻨﻴﺪﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺣﺼﻞ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﺪﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﻠﻨﺪﻱ‪ ‬ﺟﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻫﺎﻧﻨﻴﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﻘﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺸﺒﺖ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﻔﺼﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1640 ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻁﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺇﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺬ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1580 ‬ﻭﻓﻀﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻴﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﻘﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﺳﻜﺘﻠﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻻﻧﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻁﻴﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﺝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ‪ , ‬ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺭﺣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﺪﻭﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻳﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻒ‪ ‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻧﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺢ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻔﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﻘﺲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﺪﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻳﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻭﻟﻤﻴﺪﺍ‪ ‬ﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻻﺳﺎﺑﻮﻳﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‪ , ‬ﻗﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﺣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻁﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﺎﻗﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﺮﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﺬﻭﻗﻮ‪ ‬ﻷﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻣـــﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﺟﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻟﻐﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﺟﻞ‪ ‬ﺗﺠﻨﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻱ‪ ‬ﻋﻮﺍﻗﺐ‪ ‬ﻭﺧﻴﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻤﺲ‪ ‬ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺒﺲ‪ ‬ﻭﻏﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻤﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻞ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ‪ ‬ﻭﺇﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1588 ‬ﺷﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﺨﻀﻊ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﺷﻬﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺪﺍء‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﻠﻮﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪ ‬ﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﻧﺴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺭﺣﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺩﺗﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﻤﻼﺑﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻜﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺒﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

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‫‪19/6/2018‬‬

‫‪www.sanaanews.net/print.php?id=61205‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻌﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻟﺒﺎﺷﺎ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻳﺪﺍﻋﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻦ‪ ‬ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻣﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﺘﻬﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ‪ ‬ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻁﻼﻕ‪ ‬ﺳﺮﺍﺣﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪1596 ‬ﻡ‪ , ‬ﻣﻮﻧﺴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻓﻰ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1599 ‬ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﺪﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‪ ‬ﺭﺣﻠﺘﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺸﻴﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1603 ‬ﻭﻋﺎﺵ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪21 ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1618 ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﻣﺠﺮﻯ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻉ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‪ ,‬ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ 85 % ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﻳﻨﺒﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﻴﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺗﺎﻧﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺸﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺒﺎﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺣﺎﻣﻼ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻤﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﻮﻟﻪ‪ 1400 ‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﺣﺘﻰ‪ ‬ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻲ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﺸﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﻁﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﻧﻬﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ , ‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﻁﻮﻟﻪ‪ 6853 ‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﻤﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﻴﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻮﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻏﻨﺪﺍ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻨﺰﺍﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻛﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﻬﺮ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﺟﻴﺮﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﻨﺰﺍﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﺼﺐ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺖ‪ ‬ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎء‪­19 ,‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ­‪ 2018‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ 07:35 :‬ﺹ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ‪http://www.sanaanews.net/news­61205.htm :‬‬

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