حرب أوغادين وازدواجية التحالفات , كتب عبدالله ناصر بجنف, صحيفة صنعاء نيوز

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‫‪www.sanaanews.net/print.php?id=61775‬‬

‫ﺣﺭﺏ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻏﺎﺩﻳﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺍِﺯﺩِﻭﺍﺟ ّﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪­13 ,‬ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ­‪2018‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‪ ‬ﻧﻴﻮﺯ‪/‬ﻛﺘﺐ‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‪ ­ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺬ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ‬ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻁﻨﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻏﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1895 ‬ﺍﻧﺪﻟﻌﺖ‪ ‬ﺣﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻴﺶ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪ 1900‬ﺗﻤﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻣﺒﺮﺍﻁﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻠﻴﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺿﻤﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻏﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪ 279‬ﺍﻟﻒ‪ ‬ﻛﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ , ‬ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1954 ‬ﻛﻞ‪ ‬ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺩﺧﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ‪ ‬ﻁﺮﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺷﺒﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪. ‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ,‬ﻳﺤﺘﻞ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‪ 636637 ‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ , ‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﻁﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻠﻪ‪ 3025 ‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ , ‬ﺍﻷﻁﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ,‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ‬ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻄﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺃﺧﻮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺴﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﺧﻀﻌﺖ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ , ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻱ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻠﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﻳﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻫﺮﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺬ‪ ‬ﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 26 ‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 1 ‬ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ,1960 ‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﺩﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻝ‪ ‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ‬ﻧﻬﻀﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺮﺍﻝ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ‪ ‬ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 21 ‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‪ 1969 ‬ﻋﻘﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻏﺘﻴﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﺎﺭﻣﺎﺭﻛﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺼﺎﺭﻉ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺒﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻲ‪ ‬ﺭﺍﻓﻘﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺿﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﻴﻢ‪, ‬ﺍﺗﺠﻪ‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﻧﺤﻮ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻤﺢ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻧﺊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﺰﺯ‪ ‬ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﻜﻮﺑﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺪﻻﻉ‪ ‬ﺣﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻏﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻧﺤﻴﺎﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﺑﻴﻴﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ‬ﺇﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻗﻄﻌﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻛﻮﺑﺎ‪,‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻔﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﺲ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻮﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﺪﺍء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺟﺰء‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ‪ , ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻞ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﺳﺘﺮﻭ‪ ‬ﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ 10 ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ 12 ‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‪ 1977 ‬ﻭﺭﺗﺐ‪ ‬ﻟﻘﺎء‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻹﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﺟﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺣﻠﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻗﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﺸﻞ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء‪ , ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺆ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪ ‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﻏﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻖ‪ ‬ﻛﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﺭﺛﺔ‪ ‬ﺩﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﺛﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻹﺛﻴﻮﺑﻲ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎء‪ ‬ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻟﻌﺪﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 12 ‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﺳﺘﺮﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺪﻳﺸﻮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻻﻳﺠﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‪ ‬ﻳﺮﺿﻲ‪ ‬ﻁﺮﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻉ‪ ‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻱ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻁﻤﻮﺣﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻻﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻏﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ‬ﻭﺿﻢ‪ ‬ﺟﻴﺒﻮﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻁﻖ‪ ‬ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺷﺮﻕ‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ‪ ‬ﺻﻮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﻈﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺪﻋﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

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حرب أوغادين وازدواجية التحالفات , كتب عبدالله ناصر بجنف, صحيفة صنعاء نيوز by Abdullah Nasser Bagnaf - Issuu