مسجد باب المردوم , تحفة معمارية وأثرية في طُلَيْطِلَة , كتب عبدالله ناصر بجنف, صحيفة صنعاء نيوز

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‫ﻣﺳﺟﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺩﻭﻡ‪ , ‬ﺗﺣﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻣﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ُ ‬ﻁ َﻠ ْﻳﻁِ َﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪­24 ,‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ­‪2019‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‪ ‬ﻧﻴﻮﺯ‪ /‬ﻛﺘﺐ‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‪ ­ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻁُﻠَﻴ ِْﻄﻠَ‬ ‫ﺔ‪ , ‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺸﺘﺎﻟﺔ‪ ‬ـ‪ ‬ﻻﻣﺎﻧﺘﺸﺎ‪ ,‬ﺗﻘﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﻂ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﺭﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪ 71 ‬ﻛﻢ‪, ‬ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﺣﺴﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺭﺥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻴﺘﻮ‪ ‬ﻟﻴﺒﻴﻮ‪ , ‬ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺆﺭﺥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﺑﻮ‪ ‬ﺍﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻳﻮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺷﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻁُﻠَﻴ ِْﻄﻠَﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺣﺔ‪ , ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻭ‪ . ‬ﺳﻴﻄﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‪ , ‬ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‪ ‬ﻁُﻠَﻴ ِْﻄﻠَﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻁﻴﻮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﻮﻥ‪ , ‬ﺧﻀﻌﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪711 ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻈﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻘﻮﻁﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﺪ‪ ‬ﺃﻟﻔﻮﻧﺴﻮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ‬ﻣﻠﻚ‪ ‬ﻗﺸﺘﺎﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 6 ‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪1085 ‬ﻡ‪ , ‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ , ‬ﺧﻼﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﻬﺪﺕ‪ ‬ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺝ‪ ‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ . ‬ﺣﺴﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﺋﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﺘﻮﺯﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﺑﺮﺯﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺩﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺯﺭﻧﺎﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺠﻮﻟﻨﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺩﻭﻡ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‪ ‬ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﺣﻴﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻟ ُﻌﺼُﻮﺭُ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ , ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺎء‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻠﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ . ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺎﺅﻩ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 999 ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻬﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪, ‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺼﻐﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ , ‬ﻳﺤﺘﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‪ 81 ‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ , ‬ﺷﻜﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪X 7,74 8,6 ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‪ 3 ‬ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‪ 4 ‬ﺻﻔﻮﻑ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﺐ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺻﻔﻮﻑ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺣﺪﻭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ , ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 30 ‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‪1182 ‬ﻡ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﺳﻢ‪ ‬ﻧﻮﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﺢ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1947 ‬ﺗﻌﺮﺽ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍء‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻟﻼﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﺭﻁﻮﺑﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 2006 ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻁﺮﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﻠﻔﺖ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‪ 6 ‬ﺃﻣﺘﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺌﺮ‪ ‬ﺫﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﺛﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻟﻮ‪ ‬ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪ , ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻛﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻟﺐ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﻬﺎﺭﺑﺎﻍ‪ , ‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ‪ , ‬ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ‪ , ‬ﻧﻤﻂ‪ ‬ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻁﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ‪ ‬ﺟﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺼﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻏﺮﻧﺎﻁﺔ‪ . ‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺃﺟﺰﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻴﻂ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ‪ , ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 1886 ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺰﻝ‪ ‬ﺭﻗﻢ‪ 24 ‬ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻡ‪ ‬ﺣﺘﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ‬ﻫﺌﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻁُﻠَﻴ ِْﻄﻠَﺔ‪ . ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 25 ‬ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

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