جامع الزيتونة في تونس, رونق العمارة الإسلامية, كتب عبدالله ناصر بجنف, صنعاء نيوز

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‫‪2017-5-24‬‬

‫‪www.sanaanews.net/print.php?id=52571‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺯﻳﺗﻭﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻭﻧﺱ‪ ,‬ﺭﻭﻧﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎء‪­24 ,‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ­‪2017‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‪ ‬ﻧﻴﻮﺯ‪ /‬ﻛﺘﺐ‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺪﷲ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﺠﻨﻒ‪ ­ ‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ 163,610‬ﻛﻢ‪ ²‬ﻭﺳﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪10,982,754 ‬ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ ,‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪1.056.247 ‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‪ 212:63 ‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‪ ,‬ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ‪ ‬ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺻﺮﺡ‪ ‬ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨّﺎﺑﺾ‪ ‬ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‪ ‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪٬‬ﺃﺳﻬﻢ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺸﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻮﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪ‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺎﺭﺍﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎﺗﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﺗﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪﻩ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻋﻬﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻏﺎﻟﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﻼﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﻔﺼﻠﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻨﺸﺮ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻫﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ‪ ,‬ﻋﺒﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺎﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﻧﺠﺪﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﺗﻤﺘﺰﺝ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺋﺢ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﺎﻁﻊ‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪﻯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻮﺩﻧﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻧﺮﺍﻩ‪ ‬ﻛﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ‪ ‬ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ‬ﻋﺮﻳﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻣﺘﺰﺝ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﺠﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻜﺎﺳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻮﻟﻨﺎ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﺎ‪ ‬ﻟﻔﺖ‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫﻨﺎ‪ ‬ﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﺭﻭﻋﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﺎءﻩ‪ ‬ﻭﺳﺎﺣﺘﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎء‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻧﺎ‪ ‬ﺳﻘﻄﺖ‪ ‬ﺯﺧﺎﺕ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ‪ ,‬ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻧﺸﺮ‪ ‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻜﺴﺒﻨﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﺠﺬﺑﻨﺎ‪ ‬ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻮﺯﻫﺎ‪.‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺑﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻭﺍﺋﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺪﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ‬ﻭﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﻋﻘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺳﺲ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 698 ‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ‬ﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺣﺴﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪ ٬‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻓﺘﺢ‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪ ‬ﷲ‪ ‬ﺑﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺤﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﺗﻤﺎﻡ‪ ‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ 736 ‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ‪ ‬ﺑﺸﻜﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪ 864‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻲ‪ ‬ﻻﺳﺘﺎﺫ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻻﺗﻲ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‪ ‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ‪ ‬ﺷﺮﺡ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻴﺾ‪ ‬ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‪ ‬ﻋﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺍﺯ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ‬ﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ ‬ﻧﻘﺮﺍء‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻫﻢ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‪ ‬ﺷﻴّﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﻫﻲ‪“ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﺳﻮﺍء‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻯ‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺠﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ‪ ٬‬ﺃﺿﻒ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻄﻰ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﺡ‪ ‬ﻣﺮﻣﺮﻳّﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ‪ ‬ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ‬ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‪..‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ‪ ‬ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻭﺑﻠﻎ‪ ‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪400 ‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‪ ‬ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺑﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‪184‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍ‪ ‬ﺑﺘﻴﺠﺎﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﺛﺮﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺒﺘﻴﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺼﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‪ ‬ﺑﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ‪ ‬ﺣﺪﻭﻳّﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸ ّﻜﻞ‪ ٬‬ﺃﻱ‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‪ ‬ﻟﺤﺪﻭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ”‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻤﻴّﺰ‪ ‬ﻗﺒّﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺤﺮﺍﺑﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺰﺧﺮﻓﺔ‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺰﺧﺎﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﻧﻮﻋﻪ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻨﺒﺮﻩ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‪ ‬ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‪ ‬ﺻﻨﻌﻪ‪ ‬ﺇﻟﻰ‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻡ‪ 864 ‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻭﻫﻮ‪ ‬ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﻤﻨﺒﺮ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ‬ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪ 22 ‬ﺣﺸﻮﺓ‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﺰﺩﺍﻧﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺰﺧﺎﺭﻑ‪ ‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺤﻔﺮ‪ ‬ﻏﺎﺋﺮ‪ ‬ﻣﻔﺮﻍ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ُ ‬ﻣ َﻌﻴﱠﻨﺎ ً‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

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