Maspero Culture Revival

MASPERO

MASPERO TRIANGLE

Maspero Culture Center

Graduation Project I, Architecture Engineering, MSA University

2015 /2016

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CULTURE

THEY USED TO KEEP THE FIRST PAGE WHITE! 2

MASPERO

The book has been done by a reasearchers of senior students for their graduation project under supervision of professors and teacher assistants at Modern Science and Arts University in the Fall semester of the year 2015 /2016

Under the Supervision of:

Researchers:

Dr Sameh Elfeqi Dr Omar Fawzy Dr Tarek Abdelsalam Dr Rasha Sayed Arch Rana Adel

Abdelrahman Gamil Ahmed Farouk Mohamed ElShamy Mostafa Ghandour Mostafa Ashraf Sara Tarek

Arch Sara Elshafei

Tokka ElKholy

Copyright Statement: Š All copyrights of these documents are reserved for the mentioned group work, and any unauthorized use or distribution thereof will be subject to legal action.

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CContents: ULTURE Chapter I: History of Maspero

004

1.1 Urban Changes During Historical Periods 1.1.1 Period from 1800 : 1874 1.1.2 Period from 1874 : 1902 1.1.3 Period from 1902 : 1920 1.1.4 Period from 1920 : 1952 1.1.5 Period from 1952 : 2015 1.2 According to the history of Maspero 1.3 Time Line 1.4 History of Maspero Community

004 004 005 005 006 007 009 010 011

Chapter II: Urban Studies

012

2.1 Land use 2.2 Building Heights 2.3 Building Conditions 2.4 Accessibility & Roads Hierarchy 2.5 Significant Buildings 2.6 Visual Studies 2.7 Skyline 2.11 Elevations 2.12 Conclusion

012 013 014 015 016 017 017 018 019

Chapter III: Project Selection

020

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

020 021 021 021 022 022 023 023 024

Maspero Common Problems Selected Problem Project Scope Project Approaches Target Group Assets of the Community Proposed Strategy Objectives Literature Review

Chapter IV: Site Selection

025

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

Site Selection Criteria Sites 1 & 2 Selected Site Reasons Selected Site Objectives Selected Site Challenges

025 025 026 027 027

Chapter V: Sustainability

028

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

Definition Social Sustainability Economic Sustainability Environmental Sustainability

028 028 029 030

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MASPERO Chapter VI: Design Issues 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

Definitions Circulation Applications Mood Applications Flexibility Applications Security Applications

Chapter VII: Case Studies 7.1 Istanbul Gßlsuyu Cemevi Cultural Center 7.2 Bamiyan Culture Center 7.3 Inspirations and Guidelines 7.3.1 Culture Park for children 7.3.2 Hawley Wharf Camden Lock 7.3.3 Women’s Center 7.3.4 Siwan Culture Centre 7.3.5 Nubian Culture Center

Chapter VIII: Project Starting Data 8.1 Design Guidelines 8.2 Design Limitations 8.3 Project Program 8.3.1 Main Components 8.3.2 Detailed Program 8.4 Slandered Dimensions

Chapter IX: Individual Work 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7

Abdelrahman Gamil Ahmed Farouk Mohamed Shamy Mostafa Ghandour Mostafa Ashraf Sara Tarek Tokka ElKholy

031 031 033 034 035 036

037 037 042 047 048 049 050 050 051

052 052 054 056 056 057 058

064 064 072 078 084 091 094 102

References

106

List of Tables

117

List of Figures

117

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CULTURE CHAPTER I History of Maspero

“

Maspero Triangle witnessed several urban changes consequent to the different eras that alternated on Egypt

Period from 1800 : 1874 Boulaq

�

Boulaq Al Galaa St.

Al Galaa St.

Azbakeia

Azbakeia

Figure 1 (Road paved by the French as a step towards Boulaq development) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 2 (developed Al-Galaa street road and more organized land divisions) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

During the French occupation, a road was paved between Al Azbakeia and Boulaq (which was the western harbor of Cairo back then Figure 3) to connect them as a step towards planning Boulaq city (Figure 1), but the planning of Boulaq was interrupted by the evacuation war which destroyed most of the city and this caused the harbor of Boulaq to stop working and was replaced

by Alexandria harbor in most of the maritime transportations.

After the evacuation, Muhammed Ali proceeded the construction of the road connecting Al Azbakeia and Boulaq (Al-Galaa street now) and re-planned Boulaq again for more organized land division in order to develop the area (Figure 2), he built factories, maritime arsenals and printing presses, and Boulaq was considered the industrial city of Cairo.

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 3 (Boulaq was the harbor (port) of Cairo) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 4 (Modified 26th July street after installing the Tram in the early 1900s) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

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MASPERO CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF MASPERO

Period from 1874 : 1902

Sharkas’ area

26th July St.

Figure 5 (Boundaries of Sharkas’ area) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 6 (Modified 26th July street) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

During the rule of Khedive Ismael, the down town area was built which extended from Fatimid Cairo till the Nile. He modified the 26th of July street, installed the tram (Figure 6), built the khedival automobile department and specified the boundaries of “Sharkas’ area” (Maspero triangle) (Figure 5), as well as the construction of Qasr-el-Nil bridge to connect Zamalek to Cairo (Figure 7) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 7 (Qasr-el-Nil bridge) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 7 Period from 1902 : 1920 Qasr-el-Nil bridge During the rule of Khedive Abbas, Boulaq bridge (Figure 9)http://www.alwas constructed to connect Boulaq and Al Zamalek aiming to developing Sharkas’ area and more clear, defined and alamiahtravel.com/vb/mal organized land division as shown in (figure 8) when compared to (figure 5) aysia31505.html (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 8 (Clear development in master plan of Maspero triangle) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 9 (Boulaq bridge 1940, connecting Boulaq and Al-Zamalek) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

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CULTURE CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF MASPERO

Period from 1920 : 1952

Figure 10 (Kornishe el Nil 1950s) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Kornishe el Nil 1950s

During the rule of King Foad the first rapid developments occurred in Sharkas’ area (Figure 11) for he constructed the Saints’ cathedral, Al-Galaa hospital and renovated mosque of Sultan Al-Alayly.

Figure 11 (Developments and land division of Sharkas’ area) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

For political reasons most of the European residents in Egypt were traveling back to Europe. Sharkas Pasha (the owner of Sharkas’ area) traveled back to Europe and made patrimony with Sharkas’ land (Maspero triangle) to his servants for a duration of 20 years, and he never returned back, therefore the ownership of Sharkas’ land was legally given to his servants where they settled, built their own homes and devised the land to their children and grandchildren.

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

was the end of the innovative development which aimed to improving the overall users quality of life.

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MASPERO CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF MASPERO

Period from 1952 : 2015

Ministry of foreign affairs

Italian embassy

N

Radio & television union Hilton Ramses

To 6th October bridge Figure 12 (Maspero Triangle after the changes done by the republic regime in duration from 1952 to 1992) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

During the rule of Gamal Abd-al-Nasser, to represent the Modernism era, the government trespassed the land confronting the Nile in Maspero triangle (sharkas’ land), demolished houses and slumb to build the headquarter of Radio and Television union building of height 100m and Hilton tower blocking the Nile view for the buildings behind. As well as starting the construction of Ramses bridge which was later called after the victory in the war of 1973 (6th of October bridge).

During the rule of King Foad the first rapid developments occurred in Sharkas’ area (Figure 12) for he constructed the Saints’ cathedral, Al-Galaa hospital and renovated mosque of Sultan Al-Alayly.

During the rule of Hosni Mubarak, further demolishment took place in Maspero triangle to build Hilton Ramses and the two towers of Al Ahly Bank at the entrance of Wikalat el- Balah.At 1992 an earthquake stroke Egypt causing many of the buildings of the residential area to fall, followed by governmental decisions to demolish many other houses, workshops and even factories in Maspero triangle for the sake of building the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’s building, as well as the governmental laws that froze the whole area of Maspero where residents can’t maintain their houses or rebuild them, which made the situation more complicated specially after the earthquake.

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

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CULTURE CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF MASPERO

After proposing 2050 project as a solution for Maspero triangle and development for Cairo as a whole, an NGO was established from the residents of Maspero triangle to defend their rights in their land.

Negotiations took place between the government and the NGO but they lead to nowhere, so the mayor of Cairo proposed a solution which included moving the existing residents temporarily until 64 residential towers are built on the site (which was in no means sufficient).

The residents refused the mayor’s proposal and protested against it. No changes occurred in the area since then and the problem is still on going.

Figure 13 (Layout of Maspero Triangle in 2003) (Google Maps, 2015)

The whole land is actually frozen, not even a slight change happened on the layout of Maspero triangle and the urban context since early 20s till now as shown in (figures 12 and 13).

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 14 (Layout of Maspero Triangle in 2015) (Google Maps, 2015)

was the beginning of the Republic Regime in Egypt which used a whole different perspective in development.

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MASPERO CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF MASPERO

According to the history of Maspero triangle:

N

Remaining of Boulaq (informal areas) Buildings of political/commercial significance

Figure 15 ( the land of Maspero triangle is either building of significance or informal residential area)

All developments that took place in Maspero triangle since the beginning of the republican regime were forced by the government and for economic reasons, and almost all these developments didn’t consider the original residents of the land at all which caused the current critical situation in Maspero triangle. The triangle now is divided into two main areas one of which are the outer parts (confronting the Nile) and they contain building of significance, and the other area is the one in the middle which contains the residential area and informal settlements shown in (figure 15) whose residents owned the land long ago.

Therefore, the new project has to respect and serve the community and revive its culture.

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

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Urban Changes of Maspero Triangle Timeline:

CULTURE CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF MASPERO

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MASPERO CHAPTER I - HISTORY OF MASPERO

History of Maspero PlaceCommunity: of Birth MASR-AL-GADIDA 1% AL-MOQATTAM 1% QALYOUB 1% AL-GIZA 1% AL-DARB-AL-AHMAR 3% AL-SHARABIYA 1% AL-ZAHER 1% AL-MATAREYA 1% BOULAQ-AL-DAKROOR 4% ABDIN 2% AL-HUSSEIN 1% MASPERO 82% QASR-AL-NIL 1% Figure (16) Chart showing places of birth of the existing Maspero residents

After the 52nd revolution, the social composition of the down town area changed, where the middle class replaced the high class and nobilities of Europe.

More than 82% of the residents were born in Maspero triangle, therefore most of the residents today are the fourth generation of the original residents (land owners). (Ministry of Urban Renewal and informal settlements, 2014)

International jobs 10% workers in factories 10% craftsmen 24% workers in services and shops 19% writers 6% technitions 11% Scientific jobs 12% managers and legalislation and‌ Figure (17) Chart showing jobs of Maspero residents

47% of the existing shops in Maspero triangle, their clients are within Maspero, 22% of the shops their clients are from outside Maspero and 31% of the shops their clients are from both inside and outside Maspero.

The existing professions in Maspero residents shown if Fig (17) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

78% of Maspero residents work withing Maspero triangle since more than 70% walk to work which means its near their homes and only 22% work outside Maspero.

One of the most common features in almost all the residential buildings in Maspero is that they contain a shop or a workshop in the ground floor. (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure (18) Residential buildings in Maspero with workplace in the ground floor. ŠMinistry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014

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CULTURE CHAPTER II Urban Studies

Land Use: N Figure 20 (Shot 1) Commercial buildings on the main road

ADMINISTRATIVE CAR PARKING COMMERCIAL CRAFTS EDUCTIONAL ENTERTAINMENT GREEN AREA MIXED USE RELIGIOUS

Figure 21 (Shot 2) Commercial buildings

RESIDENTIAL STORAGE TOURING

Figure 19 (Land use Map)

The Significant buildings took larger part from Maspero Triangle land than the residential part. Most of these buildings located on the Nile front street such as, Maspero Television Building, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Hilton hotel as well as the Italian Embassy on Galaa street.

The triangle heart mainly is residential and mixed use buildings which owned by the local community of Maspero.

The commercial buildings are a quite few in Maspero Triangle and facing the main road (fig. 20). Also there are few commercial buildings in the heart of the triangle because it works like a services for the residential area (fig. 21). Maspero Triangle is a place for crafts, it contains workshops for carpentry and car mechanics (fig. 22), as well as educational, religious (fig. 23) and entertainment buildings. (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 22 (Shot 3) Car mechanics Workshops

Figure 23 (Shot 3) Religious building

44.5% of the land use are residential buildings with area of 7 acre and 26% are mixed use with area of 9 acre. Educational and religious buildings are only 5%from the total area of Maspero.

The significant buildings took the largest percentage in Maspero triangle land-use, Maspero Television Building and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with total area of 21 acre.

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MASPERO CHAPTER II - URBAN STUDIES

Building Heights: N

Figure 25 (Shot 1) Residential building

Less than 2 floors GROUND+1 - GROUND+2 GROUND+3 - GROUND+5

Figure 26 (Shot 2) Sidi Sultan Abu El Ela Mosque

MORE THAN GROUND+5

Figure 24 (Land use Map)

Buildings that is less than 2 floors are mainly the residential and commercial which located in the center of Maspero Triangle and some are considered as historical buildings (Fig. 25).

Buildings with height 2 to 3 floors are the largest percentage in Maspero, it is located in different zones of the Tr angle; the school and The Italian Embassy on El-Galaa Road, Sidi Sultan Abu El-Ela Mosque (Fig. 26) and cinema Ali Baba (Fig. 27) on 26th July Road, and residential and mixed use buildings in the middle of Maspero.

Buildings with height 4 to 6 floors are also clustered in different zones, but it is rare in the center of Maspero. These buildings are mainly mixed use buildings. Buildings with more than 6 floors are mainly located on the Nile Front, these buildings are the significant buildings in Maspero, bedside the residential towers (Fig. 28).

Figure 27 (Shot 3) Cinema Ali Baba

Figure 28 (Shot 4) Nile Front buildings

59.36% of the buildings are 2 to 3 floors and it is the highest percentage in the number of buildings, on the otherwise the area of this buildings is 13.12 acre with percentage 47.71% of the total area.

Buildings with less than 1 floor and 4 to 6 floors are almost the same percentage 18% to 21% of the total number of the buildings, the area of the 1 floor buildings is 10.06 acre with percentage 36.60% of the total area and the area of the 4 to 6 floors buildings is 4.09 acre with percentage 14.86% of the total area.

The administrative and the touring buildings are more than 6 floors with percentage 0.5% of the total number of the buildings, the area of this buildings is 0.23 acre with percentage 0.83% of the total area.

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CBuilding U L Conditions: TURE CHAPTER II - URBAN STUDIES

N

Figure 30 (Shot 2) Reqab Museum

Figure 31 (Shot 3) residential building

GOOD BAD DETERIORATED Figure 29 (Land use Map)

Good condition buildings are mainly on the Nile front such as The Hilton, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Maspero Television Building and residential towers as well as the main roads around the triangle such as the school and The Italian Embassy on El-Galaa Road, The museum and some residential and mixed use buildings on 26th July Road. The good condition buildings are few in the heart of Maspero. Bad condition buildings need to be maintained to be removed.

It is located in different parts of the heart of the residential area of Maspero. Deteriorated buildings are ramshackle buildings that need to be removed. These type of buildings took the largest number of Maspero residential area of buildings.

Figure 32 (Shot 3) Cinema Ali Baba

Figure 33 (Shot 6) Deteriorated buildings

Figure 34 Comparison between building condition according to the total number of buildings and building condition according to the total area of the buildings (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

42% of the total number of buildings in Maspero Triangle is deteriorated, the area of the deteriorated buildings is 6.6 acre with percentage 24.5% of the total area (Fig. 34).

The good and the bad conditioned buildings are almost the same percentage 28% of the total number of the buildings, on the otherwise the total area of the good buildings is 15.78 acre with percentage 58.66% of the total area, and the bad buildings is 4.53 acre with percentage 16.83% of the total area (fig. 34).

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M A S P E R O Accessibility & Roads Hierarchy: CHAPTER II - URBAN STUDIES

N

Main Entrances Main roads Roads defining areas & connecting to the main roads Local roads Service roads

6th of October bridge Figure 35 (Accessibility & Roads Hierarchy Map) (Researchers, 2015)

Abd al-Moneim Reyad Sq.

The boundaries of Maspero triangle are 26th of July street in the North East, Al-Galaa street in the South East and Kornish-al-Nil street in the West.Maspero Triangle is also connected to AL Zamalek and the rest of Cairo with the 26th of July bridge which is the extension of 26th of July street, and 6th of October bridge which is the extension of Al-Galaa street and is intersecting Abd-al-Moneim Reyad square, while the extension off Kornish al-Nil intersects Qasr al-Nil bridge.

Entrances:

Kornishe al-Nil street: The street confronting the Nile, has no clear entrances leading to the center of the triangle.

26Th of July street: Has two entrances to the center of the triangle which are Zahr al-Gamal street entrance and Al-Establat entrance which is landmarked by Cinema Ali Baba, both entrances are clear can be visually recognized from a distance.

Al-Galaa street: Has three entrances to the center of the triangle, two of which are not clear, can’t be visually recognized from distance: 1. Width 4m - medium condition.

2. Sahel el Ghelel street entrance (clear entrance).

The third one is Zahr al-Gammal street (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014) The three main roads surrounding the center of Maspero are Al Establat street connecting Kornish AlNile street with 26th of July street, Abou Talin street connecting Al-Establat street with Al-Galaa street and Omar Ibn Kotbeia street connecting Abou Talib street with 26th of July street (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

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CSignificant U L TBuildings: URE CHAPTER II - URBAN STUDIES

N

Figure 36 (Significant Buildings Map)

Maspero area adjacent to the downtown area ,including services centers and business critical activities like (Italian embassy - Maspero building - ministry of foreign affairs - Hilton hotel - garage for public transport - rkab museum) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 37 (Ministry of foreign affairs)

Figure 38 (Maspero)

Figure 39 (Hilton Hotel )

Figure 40 (Italian Embassy)

Figure 41 (Rkab Musuem)

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Visual Studies: Entrance landmark(Ali Baba cinema) Visual confusion due to conflicts bet vehicular and pedestrians cirulations

MASPERO CHAPTER II - URBAN STUDIES

N

Open visual angle to the zone confronting the Nile Clear visual angle to landmarks Nile river Entrance can be recognized visually Entrance hardly recognized visually Weak connection Available pedestrians path Visual barrier Special buildings not used as visual value Landmark Node Zone differs in the architectural style Zone of strong visual perception Zone of open vision to the whole site Zone of weak visual perception due to unclear circulation Visual barrier Figure 42 (Visual Studies Map) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

From this visual analysis we can say that Maspero area is a very important place but have many trammels that this place Is surrounded by main 3 nodes in downtown Cairo and an excellent view for Nile river but most of this area not looking for the views by a visual barriers . By a very special building in this area like Maspero building and ministry of foreign affairs building and Hilton hotel.

This three building is a visual barriers for the area and the surroundings on account of the hight of this buildings. But in this area another special building like Italian embassy and Rkab museum. This area have a landmark entrances like ALI BABA cinema entrance. in this area there is no definite pedestrians network its mainly connected to the vehicular circulation.

Skyline:

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 43 (Visual Studies Map) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

The only special skyline in Maspero triangle is the one on the Nile view which contains different buildings such as Maspero building and the Hilton. The other skylines inside the triangle is very normal for informal area contains from residential blocks between 1 and 5 floors.

(Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

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CElevation U L TAnalysis U RConclusion: E CHAPTER II - URBAN STUDIES

“

Maspero Triangle buildings is characterized by its diversity in building types. The buildings styles in Maspero are divided into three types; traditional, modern and mixed -traditional and modern- as a result of different ages passed by Maspero during history

�

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MASPERO CHAPTER II - URBAN STUDIES

Conclusion:

MASPERO

Residential areas (actual owners of land)

Buildings of Significance

NEW PROJECT With benefit for all sides and according to Maspero Problems Owners Won’t be removed or replaced

+

Architectural Project

Community Development Project

Urban Innovation to solve community problems

Infrastructure.

People right to maintain and rebuild their houses.

Save and respect Houses identity for people.

The existing site of Maspero is divided into two main zones, the central zone that includes the informal residential area whose residents are the original owners of the land, and the external zone (mainly the one confronting the Nile) and it includes buildings of significance such as Broadcasting and Television union building, Hilton Tower and Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and thus planning a new project in such overstocked site imposes two approaches, either forced displacement (forced migration) for residents or demolishing buildings of significance and both of which are refused for humane and economic reasons. Dealing with similar projects require w holistic approach in order to create a win-win situation for all the parties, which can be achieved through adopting both urban and community approaches equally. This can be applied through solving the community problems and giving the community members a humane life with the right to maintain and rebuild their houses, as well as respecting and maintaining the architectural identity and image of the place and its buildings that reflect both the culture and history of a place as valuable as Maspero.

Considering the different approaches and constrains of Maspero triangle will impose a project of community development basis rather than architectural one.

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CULTURE CHAPTER III Project Selection

Maspero Common Problems:

Figure 44 (Problems illustration)

Maspero Triangle contain informal settlements with deteriorated conditions; The conflicts and needs of each of the community, government and businessmen are causing many problems (Social, Economic And cultural) as clarified in figure (44).

Some of the community problems are categorised as infrastructure problems such as the deteriorated conditions of roads and buildings (which can’t be maintained according to governmental regulations), other problems are categorized as Social problems such as drugs and deteriorated health services as well as lack of public spaces (zones of communal interactions); There are also the Economic problems such as the unemployment rate and the unique crafts (considered the livelihood of many families in the community) that are neglected by the government and thus loosing their cultural and economic value. Finally, the Cultural problems -which are the most threatening ones- represented in lack of cultural awareness as a result of neglecting the original local culture and the effect of the other intruding cultures in Maspero and Egypt in general.

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MASPERO CHAPTER III - PROJECT SELECTION

Selected Problem:

Cultural Crisis

“

Maspero triangle and downtown area were part of the Khedival

Cairo and so, they had a definite strong identity. After the globalization era, the identity of this place was weakened and deformed by

the new ideologies that globalization introduced, which caused the culture to fade away gradually with all it’s features and crafts

Project Scope:

”

The project is mainly dealing with the cultural problems; but according to the deteriorated community conditions shown in figure (#), dealing with the most demanding community problems will be as important as the cultural problems; and this will encourage the community participation and thus increase the community’s sense of belonging to the project and cultural awareness.

Project Approaches: |Cultural Approach Spreading the cultural awareness is the initial step towards achieving the desired project goals, through focusing on: Identity Revival: Maspero includes a variety of crafts descending from the first residents of Maspero. Most of these crafts are on their way to disappear, and some of these crafts are unique (exist exclusively in Maspero only).

Built Heritage-assets: Maspero is rich with built heritage assets of diverse styles resulting from the consequent historic eras that Maspero witnessed. These assets are to be connected through the project; considering the project as the heart of culture in the area, from which cultural pathways are forked to include all the nearby built heritage assets.

|Touristic Approach Considering culture and heritage the 2 dimensions of the project, the touristic approach is the third dimension that balances the process.

|Social Approach Adopting the community approach is resulting from both, the deteriorated conditions of the community and the cultural nature of the project which imposes community interference. Based on community problems (Fig. 44), the project will solve the most demanding problems that are influencing with the cultural aspects, aiming to strengthening the projects’ ideology and achieving the required goals.

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CTarget U Group: LTURE CHAPTER III - PROJECT SELECTION

Figure 45 (Population Percentages of Maspero Triangle) (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

|Youth Age: 18-25 Percentage: 18.4 %

|Children Age: 5-12 Percentage: 22.5 %

Generation Lead the Development

|Women Age: 25-35 Percentage: 10.7% Children (5-12) are considered the “Seed� of the community and targeting them in such development will guarantee the sustainability of the project.

Youths (18-25) are the power of the project, where they are in the suitable age to be instructed and learn as well as having the potentials and the spirit of devotion which will help achieve the required goals.

Females (25-35) are in the age where they are either new mothers or about to be, therefore they are in the optimum age to learn their responsibility in raising cultural awareness in the new generations; where females have direct impact on children and community in general.

Assets of the community: *Intentions and potentials of community members for learning and development. *Labor forces (physical participation of community members and specially youths).

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Proposed Strategy: 1. Categorizing the target groups of community members (Children-Youth-Females).

MASPERO CHAPTER III - PROJECT SELECTION

1. Categorize the target group

2. Define the needs and observe the behaviors of each category. Develop the action plan based on the results of the observation phase, in order to suit the needs of community categories.

(Develop the capacities and capabilities)

Children

3. Develop a plan to attract the target groups to the project based on the nature of each category (age, interests, education level, lifestyle, needs and ideologies).

2.

Results Action Plan Add to,

3.

Attraction Plan

Entertainment

Objectives:

Female

Observation

4. Achieve the community’s full participation in decision making process and in creating a shared future vision for the project.(To strengthen the sense of belonging to the project and the land in general) 5. Evaluate the first phase of the project as well as the level of community participation and satisfaction. Celebrate the success of the project with the community.

Youth

4.

Motivation Economic

Economic

Social

Evaluation & Rerouting

1. Retain culture and identity through: *Raising the cultural awareness of the community *Crafts revival through raising the economic and cultural values of these crafts 2. Increase sense of belonging through community participation.

3. Strengthen the social life in the community through enhancing the social integration.

4. Improve the economic conditions and achieve economic sustainability through a cultural and touristic approach.

5. Improve the quality of life of the community through fulfilling the needs of each category.

6. Emphasizing the existing touristic attractions and develop new ones.

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CULTURE CHAPTER III - PROJECT SELECTION

Literature Review (Culture Center): “Good moral character is not something that can achieve on our own. We need a culture that supports the conditions under which self love and friendship flourish” Aristotle Community is based on culture and morals of its members.

Humans’ culture and morals are translated into behavior and interaction with the surroundings.

Architects do interfere in the behavior of the users through their designs, they tend to direct each used to behave in a certain way and thus creating a certain behavior and morals for the users of each space they design.

Specially in a community development project, architecture is directly involved with behaviors of the community and thus have the power to modify behaviors of the users, which is one of the main objectives of the project.

‘’ A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots’’ Marcus Garvey The quote stresses on how crucial it is to fulfill cultural awareness and how important it is to dig into our roots to develop out present. And a way to achieve that is to create an educational facility within the edifice to contribute to the intellect of the community.

‘’For good ideas and true innovation, you need human interaction, conflict, argument, debate.’’ Margaret Heffernan The quote points to the crucial significance of interaction and intellectual melting pots to catalyze development in various fields as this is a very powerful tool used to upgrade lifestyles and introduce new horizons to the interacted parties and this is what our project aims to. The interaction element is to be achieved by introducing joint focal points and interactive spaces that allow people to gather and socialize and come up with new ideas and innovate.

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MASPERO

CHAPTER IV Site Selection

Site Selection criteria Connection to the community

Direct exposure to main road

Connection to the historical buildings

1

2

Figure 46 Chossen sites location

Reasons Nile front Culture Spine Connect to the Community Government master plan

Site I

Site II

Directly on the Nile view

Directly on the Nile view

Connected directly to the culture spine from Establat street

Connected to the culture spine but indirect

The (L) shape of the site make it in the heart if the community

Its not connected to the community directly

Chosen according to the master plan

Not approved

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CULTURE CHAPTER IV - SITE SELECTION

Chosen Site (Reasons):

Maspero is a perfect place for a culture center as a result of that mix of commercial, historical, touristic, cultural and residential usage of lands where the a culture center should be effective towards every single one.

The site location is determined according to the project functions and objectives. The project will adopt a touristic approach where the circulation within the site will be connected to the touristic spine on which lies all the built historic and heritage assets in Maspero triangle, starting from Abo al-Ela mosque, passing by Museum of Khedivial Automobiles, Ali baba cinema and other heritage buildings and ending at the Italian Consulate building which

Figure 47 Nile view and Nearby to culture spine

Include a small culture center and other facilities.

Such connection will fulfill the touristic objectives through community members and thus serving the community, where el economic base of the community will be the tourism through crafts’ revival (especially unique crafts like Antique cars’ repair), providing shops and displays for products of each craft.

The other side of the site is confronting the Nile, adding cultural value to the economic value of the towers of the Nile frontage, and thus increasing the land value of the lands behind the site where the project will not be a high rise building (as respect to the architectural identity of the community), and so the Nile view will be guara teed for the other lands in the back, which will be better -economically- than building a couple of towers on the Nile front age ,blocking the view for all lands in the back and having attached lands with extremely conflicting economical values (prices).

Another benefit from the site shape and location is that the internal part (the one lying behind the Broadcasting and Television building) on the East is a service zone and is directly connected to the community (residential area) as explained in the approved master plan for Maspero development in figure, and this serves the community based part of the project which will include facilities and training and qualifying centers for community members in order to develop the community and achieve the required economic sustainability.

28

MASPERO CHAPTER IV - SITE SELECTION

Objectives:

Figure 48 Shows the integration between the Nile and community

Figure 49 The connectivity between the site and the culture spine

1. Achieve integration between touristic approach in design and community development 2. Connecting the in-site circulation with the spine of heritage in order to achieve the continuity of the touristic experience.

3. Connecting the in-site circulation with the spine of heritage in order to achieve the continuity of the touristic experience, starting from the culture center, passing by the built heritage assets and the community itself with its traditions and culture after seeing and hearing all about it at the culture center.

4. Raising the value of Maspero not only as an economic or residential areas but also as a cultural area with touristic values.

5. Achieve social and economic sustainability within the community (economic development on touristic basis) 6. Create a win-win situation where both the community and the government are economically satisfied. -Long term sustainable community development plan.

The site is front of the Nile river and between Maspero building and Ministry of foreign affairs so its in a important place in Cairo so the land value of the land is very expensive

29

CULTURE CHAPTER V Sustainability

Definition: Defined in many ways the “ability of sustain” and “the capacity of endures” Sustainability is the future of our society . And we as society must transform our markets – both how we produce and consu me ,and the very ways in which we define measure value and progress.

The big challenge not just for business and economics , but it is call for massive social , political, (Kluwer, 1999) technological, cultural and behavior transition.

Economic Sustainability: In Economic sustainability the craftship needs improvement in order to come up with products of high quality that will stimulate the economic cycle, by that, the sold products will fund the project’s continuity.

Nubian Cultural Center The project have hallmark concept which is providing training courses in traditional Nubian crafts; Then providing commercial spaces (bazaars) to sell the unique products of these crafts.

The income of the bazaars (from selling the local crafts’ products) funds the new materials (needed for crafts) and the training process of another citizens, achieving both social integration and economic sustainability.

The social council of Luxor is providing the initial funds to operate the project through provision of the equipment and raw materials necessary for this work, then take the responsibility of re-providing equipment and materials from the money that come from selling the products.

30

MASPERO CHAPTER V - SUSTAINABILITY

Social Sustainability:

Cultural Park for Children, Cairo

Figure 50 Abo El Dahab Street/Wall zoning

Social sustainability achieved by the mutual cultural exchange through interaction.

Activities and events related to the traditions, taking place in zones designed for interaction.

1. Shops and Kiosks 2. Plaza includes steps and seats.

3. Pedestrian Street.

4. Residential Neighborhood

Abo ElDahab Street/Wall includes interaction activities; shops, kiosks, workshops and praying rooms, it is link and the interaction point between the community and the project.

Landscape in Cultural Park for Children: The landscape of the park was a main part of the participatory process. Planting the trees and the grass was achieved by the community, especially the families in the surrounded residential areas.

Ezbet Project

Cairo, Egypt

Concerning social sustainability, the project target is to create a generation from “Ezbet Abu Qarn� community to lead the development by making a participatory strategies throughout the whole process starting with problem identification, suggested solutions, and the implementation phase.

Participatory Activities: Several activities aimed to integrate the local community of Abu Qarn with other communities with different cultural backgrounds in order to enhance culture exchange.

Figure 51 (Children with German experts) (Ezbet Project, 2014)

Figure 52 (Crafts men working with Ezbet project team) (Ezbet Project, 2014)

31

CEnvironmental U L T USustainability: RE CHAPTER V - SUSTAINABILITY

Nubian Cultural Center

Figure 53 Shades made of materials from the surrounding (Aga Khan, 2011)

Local materials from the surroundings are used in decoration such as (bamboo-Doum plant – palm trunks – leaves), for the sake of integrating the building with the surroundings.

Figure 54 Doum plant used as curtain in the interior (Aga Khan, 2011)

Recycled Materials in Women’s Center in Senegal

Fig. 55 bottle basses as a recycled material (llonen, 2001).

Fig. 56 bottle basses as a recycled material (llonen, 2001).

The rims of the automobile wheels are used as a ventilation openings in the toilets.

Bottle basses used as lighting inlets to allow natural lighting. (Varanda, 2004)

Figure 57 Air circulation due to tents’ orientation

The dry climate of Siwa (desert climate) imposes environmental solutions in order to reach the comfort zone in the internal building zones; and thus the tents were used as roofing system.

The concept of the tents is inspired by the concept of wind catchers, so they are oriented and directed towards the North West (Wind direction) and therefore act as wind catchers, aiming to achieve the optimum ventilation and enhance the temperature through creating air cycle that guarantee optimum air circulation inside the spaces of the building.

32

CHAPTER VI Design Issues

MASPERO

Circulation

Security

Circulation controls and organize the use of project spaces, and relation between each spaces and another. It should be designed to suit all users and to facilitate way-finding inside the project.

Each zone in the project should be monitored and safe and have secured entrances and exits specially spaces that need high level of security like exhibition halls.

Mood

Interaction

Maspero has a unique mood reflected from different eras, maintaining this mood is essential specially in a culture center for it reflects the culture of the place and people.

Interaction is one of the main factors upon which the success of a culture center is held, thus a convenient interaction indoor and outdoor spaces should be designed to provide the required social activities.

Flexibility

Image

Project spaces have to be designed flexible to accommodate different functions and be easily modified but remain with the same quality. Flexibility should also be applied on the interior scale where they should be transformable and adaptable.

The preferable image in our case should be the outcome of the visual mimicking of the surrounding context to be reflected on the project itself. And this is achievable by quoting the architectural features from the buildings around and applying them.

33

CULTURE CHAPTER VI - DESIGN ISSUES

Audibility

Legibility

The project must be designed to accommodate the noises in some of its zones like workshops but still insulate them from other spaces that require quiet atmosphere and from the outer noises, in order to create a comfortable atmosphere for users.

Kevin Lynch’s concept of legibility should be applied on projects of different zones like the culture center of Maspero, to facilitate way-finding and help the user feel familiar and comfortable with the place and thus have the required experience.

Visibility

Economy

The site is on the Nile frontage, and thus the project needs to be (landmarked) visible from the other side of the Nile.

The crafts are considered the initial capital of the project where the outcome of selling the crafts’ products plus the outcome of the touristic zone will fund the economic sustainability of the project.

Privacy

Environmental Impact

As respect to the traditions of the culture, some zones specially women’s workshops will require privacy.

The fact that el site is attached to residential area as well as the project’s nature imposes direct linkage between the community (source of culture) and the project and all the surrounding environment in general.

Durability

Energy Efficiency

The culture center is should be designed to last without any damage for a long time, therefore durable, strong, natural and renewable materials should be used. As well as raising awareness among people how to preserve the building.

The project should reduce pollution and use natural, clean and renewable resources in order to be energy efficient.

34

MASPERO CHAPTER VI - DESIGN ISSUES

Circulation: Definition:

Types:

Circulation The perceptual thread\network which links the spaces of any building or a series of exterior or interior spaces together.

Figure 59 Escalator (Leopold, 2012)

Figure 60 Ramp of Guggenheim museum

Figure 61 Sketch of a staircase

Vertical Circulation (Staircases, escalators, ramps and elevators).

Figure 62 Parking circulation

Figure 58 Circulation in National Museum of Scotland (Lee, 2010)

Figure 63 Pathway

Horizontal circulation (Corridors, pathways and parking lots).

Application:

Bridge Staircase

Figure 65 Vertical and horizontal circulation in Siwan culture centre

Figure 64 Plan of Siwan Culture Centre

Staircase

Vertical and horizontal circulation are applied in the Siwan Culture center as staircases, horizontal pedestrians’ network overlooking water features and a horizontal bridge linking different zones.

In Maspero Culture Centre: Using the circulation to introduce the nature of the project by: Using pathways that has a specific identity related to the nature and culture of the area.

Design focal/gathering points at the end of pathways to create action points Different materials to differentiate exterior and interior circulations.

Use different types of vertical circulation to suit all types of users (specially handicaps) Figure 66 Designing circulation network

35

CMood: ULTURE CHAPTER VI - DESIGN ISSUES

Definition: It’s the atmosphere or sense of a place that creates a specific perception for the user/ passer by.

Application:

Figure 67 Khan el Khalili, Fatimid Cairo, Egypt (Ford, 2010)

Figure 68 Khan el Khalili, after making slight changes in the color and material of the pathway

The historic “Mood” of Khan El-Khalili, Fatimid Cairo, Egypt. Every detail in Khan El-Khalili is reflecting the spirit of Fatimid Cairo, from buildings’ shape, material, colors and even lighting, to the pathway with its material and unique curvy circulation (not to mention the smells and noises). But any slight change will disturb the ecological validity, change the mood of the place and turn it into a deformed copy of another place.

In Maspero Culture Centre:

Figure 13 Panoramic view for the Nile from Maspero

Figure 14 Panoramic view for Korniche el Nil street and one side of Maspero with its architectural style and specific mood

Figure 69 Buildings of heritage value within Maspero reflecting the mood of the era in which they were constructed (Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements, 2014)

Figure 67 (Kornich el-Nil St.) shows one side of Maspero which has definite mood created by the river, landscaping and the cityscape (skyline of Zamalek) at the background, and the other side (Fig. 68) is a special type of early modern architecture which belongs to (reflects) a definite era.

Figure 69 shows the historic and heritage side of Maspero where a different mood is displayed through the narrow streets and old-looking and historic buildings. All the previous moods together create the complex mood of Maspero which reflects different eras and still has its identity and mood which needs to be restored and enhanced.

36

Flexibility

MASPERO CHAPTER VI - DESIGN ISSUES

Definition: It’s the ability of a space to be easily modified to accommodate different functions with the same efficiency.

Types:

Figure 70 Transformability (Geoff, 2007)

Figure 71 Adaptability (Geoff, 2007)

Transform ability The ability to transform object/structure between its defined state and end-state several times to be used in different structures.

Adaptability: Movable structures (partitions) are used to achieve adaptability according to user’s need

Figure 72 Movability (Geoff, 2007)

Figure 73 Seasonal Convertibility (Geoff, 2007)

Convertibility The ability of the designed spaces to adapt to environmental changes and reverse functions to achieve the required comfort zone for users.

In Maspero Culture Centre:

Project spaces are designed to adaptable, where big spaces can be divided temporarily into smaller ones, while small zones can be opened to a one big space to accommodate different functions.

The outdoor space is designed to be flexible and is to contain a theatre of movable and transformable materials.

Also the project’s spaces are designed to be seasonal convertible, where some spaces will reverse functions with other spaces in order to achieve the convenient thermal comfort within these spaces for the required activity.

37

CSecurity: ULTURE CHAPTER VI - DESIGN ISSUES

Definition: Its creating a safe environment for users, staff and owner.

Types: Minimum security level Used in open spaces, has no fences where least protection level is needed Medium Security level Used in any indoor space. Spaces required a definite entrance and exit to control the space.

Maximum Security level Used in spaces that contain valuable items or places that require maximum control and high privacy (Banks and Jails). These spaces require surveillance cameras, alerts and security personnel.

Application on maximum Security Level:

1

2

4 5

3

Alerts

Glass cover

6

Steel weir

7

8

9 10 Surveillance cameras

12 Personal security

Figure 74 Maximum securing level for museums (Berinato, 2004)

In Maspero Culture Centre: 1. Minimum security level is to be used in open spaces and interaction zones 2. Medium security level is to be used all project spaces.

3. Maximum security level is to be used in exhibition halls, library and galleries.

38

CHAPTER VII Case Studies

MASPERO

Bamiyan Cultural Center Afghanistan General Information:

Location: Bamiyan, Afghanistan.-Architects: Carlos Nahuel Recabarren, Manuel Alberto Martínez Catalán and Franco Morero.

Client: UNESCO and Afghan Ministry of Information and Culture.

Project Brief: The winning proposal of the Bamiyan culture center at the boundaries of the Bamiyan world heritage site, aiming to support safe heritage guarding and cross cultural awareness. The project is to be funded by the Republic of Korea.

Slogan of the Competition (UNESCO, 2015)

Contextual Analysis: 2

1 3

2 1

Figure 76 View from the site of Bami- Figure 77 View from the site of the Bandyan Valley (UNESCO, 2015) e-amir national park (UNESCO, 2015)

Site

3 Site Boundaries Bamiyan Valley Residential area Archaeological Remains of Bamiyan Main Road

Figure 75 Context of the site

Entrances

Figure 78 Buddhas of Bamiyan mountain (UNESCO, 2015)

Site Constrains:

The need to sensitively integrate with the existing heritage for it represents religious and cultural value to the people of Bamiyan.

The importance of developing clear access to the site which is relatively detached from the community by the existing lakes.

The need to maintain the mood of the place and the surrounding, as well as the image of the heritage and the existing.

Concept:

The main concept is designing spaces that are carved and discovered through the experience, imitating the old Buddha’s statue which is carved in a mountain.

Also designing a meeting place and not a bulky building.

Figure 79 View from the site of Bamiyan Valley (UNESCO, 2015) Ground level (Street level)

Figure 80 3D zoning for Bamiyan Culture Center (System of negative spaces) (UNESCO, 2015)

Figure 81 The taller Buddha statue of Bamiyan before its destruction (Dehghanpisheh, 2001)

39

CULTURE CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Zoning:

Administration Exhibitions zone Educational zone Future extension Meeting place (interaction zone) Figure 82 3D zoning for Bamiyan Culture Center

Plan Analysis: A

Alternative 1 for future expansion

Exhibition Space Performance Hall Research zone

Performanc e and Exhibition building

Rain water collection pond

Grand Stair/ B Open air theatre

B

Library Workshop Classroom Services Administration

Administration building

Educational Building

Figure 83 Master plan

40

MASPERO CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Sections:

Solid and Void:

Skylights

Void Solid

Clear-Storey window, open to the intermediate open space

Educational Zone

Figure 85 Section B-B in the Educational Building (UNESCO, 2015) Ground level

Figure 84 Solid and Void (UNESCO, 2015)

Exhibitions and performance Zone

Figure 86 Section A-A in the Exhibition and performance building (UNESCO, 2015)

The solid and void analysis shows how far the concept is applied on the layout level.

Elevation: Openings of exhibition halls, overlooking Buddha arches and imitating them

Research Center Faรงade

Exhibition area Faรงade

Figure 87 Main elevation

Design Issues: Interaction:

The concept of the project (Designing a meetin place) is a direct application of interaction for the sake of cross- cultural awareness.

Zone of Interaction

Figure 88 Shot from the zone of interaction (meeting place) (UNESCO, 2015)

Figure 89 Plan showing the zone of interaction (meeting place) (UNESCO, 2015)

41

CULTURE CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Circulation:

Educational Entrance from zone the Community

Interaction zone

Security:

Exhibition and Performance/ conference zone

Figure 90 Circulation and accessibility of the project

Circulation in Bamiyan culture center is characterized with simplicity and legibility.- Entrances are marked by functions.

Mood: You are here

Figure 91 Medium security is used in the Bamiyan culture center

Medium security is used throughout the project where each has zone has a definite entrance and exit.

However, maximum security is needed in exhibition halls and library.

Image:

Figure 92 shot of the transitional zone (corridor) which is designed to isolate 2 different moods Figure 93 View of Buddhas’ mountain from the site

You are here

Ground Level

Same number and shape of the Buddhas’ arches Figure 94 shot from the transitional zone (corridor) which is designed to isolate 2 different moods

Figure 95 3D shot of Bamiyan Culture center

To separate the mood of the street from the serenity of Budda’s mountain, a zone of transition was used to isolate the user from the outside gradually before reaching the mood of Budda’s mountain.

-The image was achieved successfully in through the concept where the whole building is carvedlike, also through the main elevation which has the same image as Buddhas’ mountain.

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MASPERO CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Figure 97 interior opening of Exhibition with straight visual axis to Bid Buddha

Towards Bid Buddha

Towards Bid Buddha

Towards small Buddha

Figure 96 Orientation of openings of exhibition halls and conference hall© UNESCO, 2015

Figure 98 interior opening of auditorium with straight visual axis to small Buddha

Conclusion: “A nation stays alive when its culture stays alive” National Museum of Afghanistan (Foster , 2015) The site acquired its value from being close to world’s heritage boundaries, in addition to the value of the existing community. This motivated the Republic of Korea to fund a culture center in such a valuable site.

-Which proved that the value of the culture is priceless and not comparable to the economic value of land. Such approach is one perspective in solving the challenges of Maspero (Site challenge) and reaching the required reconciliation between the community and the authorities.

Culture

Bamiyan

Maspero

Economic value Figure 99 Pictures showing the Bamiyan culture and community (UNESCO, 2015)

Figure 100 Pictures showing the community and culture of Maspero

43

CIstanbul U LGülsuyu T U RCemevi E Cultural Center Istanbul CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

General Information:

Location: Maltepe Municipality, Istanbul, Turkey.

Architects: Melike Altinisk Architects, Gül Ertekin.

Structure Consultant: Melih Altınışık Project Year: 2015 Project Brief: The project is a religious and cultural complex for a religious group practicing a specific faction of Islam (Alevi, and are a majority in the Turkish population), the cultural complex is to serve the needs of the modern Alevi society, honor their culture and connect them back to their culture after their remarkable immigration to urban cities. (Eric Oh., 2015)

Figure 101 3D shot of Istanbul Gülsuyu Cemevi and Cultural Center project with the context (Archdaily, 2015)

Contextual Analysis:

2

2 Site

2

1

1

Figure 103 Commercial service area Figure 104 Residential area of Alevi in (Celik, 2015) Maltepe Municipality (Celik, 2015).

Site Boundaries Commercial/Service area Residential area of the Alevi Figure 102 Site location and context

Site Entrances

Site Constrains:

Figure 105 Existing building in the site.

Figure 106 Religious building of Cem Vakfı Maltepe Cemevi (Sari, 2015).

The site contains a religious building (Cem Vakfı Maltepe Cemevi), Therefore a religious zone has to be added to the culture center instead of the one it is replacing.

The site is attached to a commercial area at the North and a residential area at the East, and thus audibility has to be considered.

The existing contour in the site.

44

Architectural Analysis:

MASPERO CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Concept:

Figure 107 Topography(Contour level is used to make visual axis for all surrounding area) (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 108 Contour is used to make visual axis for all surrounding area (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 109 Building Ecology (Different levels used for shade and shadow) (Archdaily, 2015)

The site contains a religious building (Cem Vakfı Maltepe Cemevi), Therefore a religious zone has to be added to the culture center instead of the one it is replacing.

The site is attached to a commercial area at the North and a residential area at the East, and thus audibility has to be considered.

The existing contour in the site.

Zoning:

Ground Floor

Entrance

-4.00 Level

-8.00 Level

-12.00 Level Administration Religious zone Funeral zone Education zone Cultural zone Motel Parking

Figure 110 Zoning. (Archdaily, 2015)

-16.00 Level

Restaurant’s Service Entrance Service and Parking Entrance

Parking Entrance Culture Centre Entrance Figure 111 Zoning

Accessibility: Each entrance is on a different level (due to the contour as shown in figure 112) and leads to a specific zone of a specific function.

Entrance from the street Entrance from the outdoor space Figure 112 Layout showing pedestrians’ outdoor circulation and entrances

Figure 113 Layout showing project entrances

45

CULTURE CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Plans:

Administration Exhibition Space Auditorium Library Workshop\ Educational units Services Parking Cem Room (Praying room) Reverend Room Motel Lobby Motel Rooms Funeral House Pedestrians Entrance Vehicle Entrance

Figure 114 Ground floor plan .

Figure 115 Plan level -4.

Figure 116 Plan level -8.

Sections: +8 +4

Figure 31 Plan level -8.

0.0 -4 -9 -16

Figure 117 Section (A-A) in the auditorium showing the projects’ levels

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MASPERO CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Courtyard

Courtyard

Courtyard Administration Auditorium Workshop\ Educational units Cem Room (Praying room) Reverend Room Funeral House

Figure 118 Section cut (B-B) in plan.

Figure 50 Section (B-B).

Parking

Design Issues: Interaction:

All levels of the project are connected together with an outdoor pathways an spaces, which enhance interaction.

Also in the interior scale, the project has gathering areas for the sake of interaction as shown in the cafeteria Fig (119)

Figure 119 Indoor and outdoor interaction zones

Figure 120 Outdoor interaction zones

Security: Medium security was successfully achieved throughout the project through using definite entrances and exits; But Maximum security was not achieved in spaces that need this level of security like exhibition area.

Medium Security Maximum Security

Figure 121 Exhibition zone with less than minimum security

Figure 122 Minimum security throughout the whole building

Visibility:

Figure 123 Visual axis of the project (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 124 Unlimited view showing all the context (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 125 Reception and foyer With unlimited View. (Archdaily, 2015)

Visual permeability throughout the whole building is the main concept of the project.

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CULTURE CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Circulation: Horizontal Circulation:

Vertical Circulation:

No accessibility from this level to the Motel

Ground Floor

-4.00 Level

To and from Funeral House

Figure 126 Horizontal circulation of level -8.00

Figure 127 Horizontal circulation of ground floor

-8.00 Level

-12.00 Level

Elevator/Staircase Courtyard Room entrance Zone Entrance Building Entrance Indoor circulation Outdoor circulation

Exhibition area

-16.00 Level

Figure 128 Horizontal circulation of level -4.00

Figure 129 Vertical circulation study.

Parking Circulation:

Materials:

Level -12

Service and Parking Entrance Figure 131 Material of outdoor pedestrian Pathways (Archdaily, 2015)

The horizontal circulation defined by using different materials in outdoor and indoor pedestrians’ pathways (Figure 131)

Level -16 Figure 130 Vehicles’ circulation

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MASPERO CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Audibility: Sound absorbents like parking lots and green areas are also used to insulate the residential area from the sources of noise in the project, as well as insulating the project from the noise of the commercial area.

Figure 132 Audibility application in the project

Mood:

Figure 133 Shot for the surroundings Figure 134 Urban context of the of the project (Archdaily, 2015) project (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 135 Shot from the project (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 136 Exterior shot for the project (Archdaily, 2015)

The “Mood” was applied through visual permeability of the context, as well as using features of this context within the project (pedestrians’ paths). Also through using external balconies and glass elevations facing the city.

Conclusion:

Figure 137 Visual axis of the project (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 138 Conceptual application of Istanbul culture centre’s visual permeability on Maspero

The concept of visual permeability can also be applied in Maspero through considering different levels to guarantee visual permeability of the Nile view, Which will elevate the economic value of the rear land lots, and this is another perspective in solving the site challenge (Economic perspective).

Istanbul Culture centre is also inspiring in the adopted holistic approach in designing a culture centre aiming to connect people back to their culture, where culture revival is the main objective of Maspero Culture centre.

49

CULTURE CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Inspirations and Guidelines:

Cultural Park for Children, Egypt 3 1

2

4

Site

5

5

Site 4

3

4

1 2 3 4 5

5

Qadry street.

Abo Dahob street.

Residential area.

Public governmental building.

Historic/Heritage building

Figure 139 Site surroundings

The site Cultural Park for Children is similar to that of Maspero for its surrounded by residential area, and thus is serving a certain community.

1 2

2 3

3

Figure 141 Top view of Abo Dahab Street, no.5 (Barry, 1992) 1 2 3 4

Shops/Kiosks Plaza (open space) Pedestrians path Residential Neighborhood.

Figure 140 Abo Dahab Street, no.5 (Barry, 1992).

Adding the Economic approach represented in the street\wall was the only factor of success of the project after failing as a cultural park.

Therefore, a community approach -specially an economic one- is a must in achieving cultural goals specially in dealing with communities of deteriorated conditions like Maspero.

Figure 142 Abo El Dahab Street/Wall zoning

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MASPERO CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Hawley Wharf, Camden, England:

resembling

Figure 143 The former (original) Canal market

Figure 144 Front Elevation of the new Canal market

The new market building in Hawley Wharf project is topped by wavy pavilion roof resembling the skyline of the old market, such respect for the community and the townscape is inspiring in a place with great history, heritage and built assets like Maspero.

Roundhouse

1 Hawley Road

Site Stables Market

Regent River

Figure 145 Touristic spine of Camden Lock and its connectivity with the site.

Camden Lock Market

Sultan Abou el Ela mosque

Khedival Automobile Museum Ali baba cinema Nile River Figure 146 Touristic spine of Maspero and its connectivity with the site.

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CULTURE CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Women’s Center, Senegal:

Figure 147 Developing women’s skills and crafts (Sandman, 2002)

Figure 148 Community participation in the design process (Sandman, 2002)

Figure 149 Economical improvement (Sandman, 2002)

Another way of respecting the community lies in community participation in designing process as applied in Senegal Women’s Centre which is inspiring in Maspero Culture Centre (Fig. 147).

Choosing women as a target group in Maspero, Senegal Women’s centre was inspiring for it aims to empower women through improving their skills and economic conditions (Fig. 148 and 149).

Figure 150 community gatherings for culture-related events (Saturday dance) (llonen, 2001)

Figure 151 Saturday dance (llonen, 2001)

Figure 152 community gatherings for culture-related events (Saturday dance) (llonen, 2001)

Cultural traditions and events of women in Senegal such as the “Saturday dance” imposed specific design for zones of interaction and open spaces in general.

Siwan Culture Centre, Egypt:

Unlike Figure 153 Culture of Siwa

Traditions

Figure 154 Culture of Senegal (llonen, 2001)

Cultural traditions of the Siwan community -Unlike the community of Senegal- would forbid events like Saturday dance of Senegal.

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MASPERO CHAPTER VII - CASE STUDIES

Therefore Studying the culture and community in depth is essential to design zones of interaction that fit the traditions of each community and retain its culture.

Culture & Traditions of Maspero

Balance between both cultures.

Nubian Culture Centre, Egypt: Socio-Economic Sustainability in Nubian Culture Centre: The crafts are essential part of the Nubian culture and thus the process of teaching these crafts to the younger generations creates social sustainability.

The existing unique crafts in Nubba are considered the capital of the Culture Center’s economy; Where the products of these crafts are sold in the market space and are sold to tourists. The outcome of these products funds the economic sustainability of the project.

53

CULTURE

CHAPTER VIII Project Starting Data

Design Guidelines: Maspero Community:

Accessibility and Roads Hierarchy:

Figure 155 (Modified 26th July street)

Figure 156 (Modified 26th July street)

78 % of Maspero residents work within maspero triangle and only 22% work outside maspero.

25% of Maspero residents have been craftsmen throughout history, and thus these crafts are part of the culture of Maspero.

1. Abo Taleb St. is a direct accessibility to the site; So it can be used as an entrance to the project from the community, and it can also be a service entrance to he project.

2. Al-Establat St. leads to the cultural spine of Maspero and thus can be used as an approach to the project where a pedestrians’ paths can be added within the site to connect the project to the cultural spine and thus add more value to the project and continuity to the cultural spine.

Visual Studies:

Figure 157 (Modified 26th July street)

Crafts revival is one of the main objectives of the project to retain the culture.

Retain the same work environment for the craftsmen through locating the workshops near the residential area and provide the required facilities in the same image and mood that the craftsmen are familiar with.

Figure 158 (Modified 26th July street)

The project can be a visual axis to the Nile view and for the community too.

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MASPERO CHAPTER VIII - PROJECT STARTING DATA

Building Heights: The majority of Maspero buildings are 2-3 floors.

Buildings of 4-6 floors are also clustered around Maspero but they barely exist in the center of Maspero. Buildings with more than 6 floors are mainly located at the Nile frontage (mostly high rise buildings). The project is to follow the majority in building height, not only to retain the image of Maspero, but also as respect to the community, culture and history of Maspero terms of image, heights, elevations and human scale; Where the project is dedicated for the culture, and reflecting such culture is in no means achieved by high rise buildings.

Figure 159 (Modified 26th July street)

Figure 160 (Modified 26th July street)

Figure 161 (Modified 26th July street)

Educational zone:

Training center:

Figure 162 (Modified 26th July street)

Figure 163 (Modified 26th July street)

Function: (Summer school) Aiming to raise the cultural awareness among children of the community, through creating specially designed zones for children where they can learn more about their culture, history and existing heritage through activities.

Zoning :-Educational zone is serving the children of the community, therefore has to be located near the community where users can have easy accessibility.

Function:-Designed mainly for Youths, aiming to raise their cultural awareness, develop their skills and qualify them to work in the touristic zones of the project.

Zoning :-Training center is also serving the Youths of the community and thus has to be directly accessible from the community.

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Crafts zone:

Exhibition zone:

Figure 164 (Modified 26th July street)

Figure 165 (Modified 26th July street)

Function:-Aiming to revive the cultural related crafts of Maspero and retain the existing crafts in general, through providing workplaces for crafts men with attached training zone for amateur craftsmen to sustain the process.

Zoning: Related to both the community and the touristic zone and thus has to be accessible from both.

Function: Containing permanent and temporary exhibitions to display culture and historic-related exhibits, crafts-related exhibits and other different types of exhibits.

Zoning: Considered the heart of the touristic area, has to be directly accessible from the main touristic approach, also has to be perceived visually from the street and from other zones of the project.

Conference zone: Function:-A zone mainly to serve the culture center, used for seminars, conferences and similar purposes.

Zoning :-Has to be directly accessible from clear entrances of the project, it also has to provide a convenient vehicular circulation (drop off zones and parking lots) to accommodate the large temporary number of users Figure 166 (Modified 26th July street)

Design Limitations:

Figure 167 (Modified 26th July street)

1. The surroundings are high rise buildings, but the nature of the project imposes buildings which are not high rise as respect to the culture it is resembling. Therefore, cultural value of the building has the priority and so the skyline of Nile river will be subjected to changes (the kind of changes that are accepted elsewhere on river frontages).

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Figure 169 Attachment buildings.

9. The site is attached to other buildings, and this imposes setbacks in the borders of the site.

2. The high economic land value which constrains the design to adopt different levels, or to adopt the open plan design, in order to enhance the view for the whole area (Maspero) and to raise the economic value of the lands behind the site.

11. The nature of the project (Cultural) and its location (attached to community and located near heritage buildings) imposes a certain architectural style, image and mood in order to achieve the function of the project and retain the identity of the community, culture and place.

Figure 170 L-Shape site.

Figure 171 Part of the site is confronting a main street.

3. Shape of the land (L-shape) requires considering both pedestrians network and permeability to the two zones of the L-shape.

4. The site is bordered by only one main street (Kornich Al-Nil street) which imposes orienting the main entrance of the project on this street.

Figure 172 Water front view

Figure 173 Street within th selected site.

5. Being a Nile frontage, the view (Nile view) has to be respected and considered in the design.

6. Al-Establat street is penetrating the site, and thus need to be respected and integrated in the design.

Figure 168 (Modified 26th July street)

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CProject U LProgram: TURE CHAPTER VIII - PROJECT STARTING DATA

Main Components:

Educational &Training Center Zone

Touristic Zone

Conference Hall Zone

Crafts Zone

Admission & Facilities Zone

Detailed Program: Main Components Educational

Training Center

Touristic Zone

Zones Class rooms Studios Out door open space Small Cafeteria Clinic Toilets Lecture Halls Big Hall *Toilets *Lobby *Small Cafeteria Computer lab Library Reading Area Praying area Storage Toilets Main Lobby Antiques cars exhibition Permanent Exhibition Halls *Foyer Temporary Exhibition Halls *Lobby Panorama Culturama Services Storage

No.

Area

No. Users

3 : 5 40 m2 20 /C 20/S 4 60m2 1 100 m2 80 C 1 15 m2 1 12 m2 2 60 m2

Description For ages from 5 to 7 years specially Could be merged to be 80 m2 big studio Could be one space or divided to several zones Specially for Children

3 : 5 40 m2 20 /C Could be merged to be the big hall of 160 m2 160 m2 100 1 Big Hall Facilities 50 m2 Person 1 30 m2 15 m2 1 30 m2 2 150 m2 10 Person 1 800m2 80 Person 1 Two zones for both genders 40 m2 2 20 m2 1 50 m2 2 3:5 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2

40 m2

20 /C

160 m2 100 50 m2 Person 30 m2 15 m2 30 m2 150 m2 10 Person 800m2 80 Person 40 m2 20 m2 50 m2

Permanent Halls Facilities

Temporary Exhibition Facilities

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Conference Hall Zone

Crafts Zone

Facilities

Main Lobby Conference Hall Foyer Control room Translation room IT room VIP Lounge Praying area Toilets

80 m2 400 m2 250 Person 80 m2 12 m2 12 m2 12 m2 60 m2 15 m2 50 m2

Workshops 6 -10 10 m2 250 Person *Storage W 8 m2 *Outdoor display area Mechanics workshop 3 to 5 60 m2 Wood workshop 2 to 5 60m2 15 m2 Bazaars 10 200m2 Atrium 1 20 m2 Galleries 4 15 m2 Praying area 1 50 m2 Toilets 1 Multi-Purpose out-door *Amphitheater Restaurant *Kitchen Café shops Clinic Pharmacy Mini-Market Stationary WC Open market spaces

Management zone

Head of unit office Director office Printer/ fax room Open office spaces

Typical Cores

Stairs Elevator WC Entrance Lobby

Parking

1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2

Visitor parking Service parking Staff parking

300 m2

2 1 1 1 1 1 1

80 m2 20 m2 30 m2 25 m2 15 m2 25 m2 15 m2 100m2 500m2

1 1 1 1

120m2 80m2 12 m2 130m2

1

Conference Hall Facilities

Workshop Facilities

Could be divided or one big interactive space

Restaurants’

20m2 9m2 250 Person 80m2 50m2 50m2 1000m2 600m2 800m2

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CStander U LDimensions: TURE CHAPTER VIII - PROJECT STARTING DATA

Classes: 1. Classes for teaching in sets: The classroom for traditional teaching 3m2/pupil, standard room shape: rectangular or square (12*20, 12*16, 12*12, 12*10) with a max , room depth of depth 7.20 m it is possible to have windows on one side only (Baiche B , Walliman N. Third edition).

Seating arrangement in a classroom:

Figures 174 Simples of Classes for teaching in sets (Baiche B , Walliman N.)

Library: Reading room areas, with space for reading and working, should be easily accessibility and therefore situated on as few levels as possible. This aids book transport. (Baiche B , Walliman N. Third edition).

Figure 175 Minimum distances between tables. (Baiche B , Walliman N.)

Figure 176 Minimum distances between tables. (Baiche B , Walliman N.)

Figure 177 Minimum distances between tables with circulation. (Baiche B , Walliman N.)

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Offices:

Figure 178 Minimum dimension of chairs. (De chiara J, callender J., 1983).

Figure 179 Minimum dimension of chairs. (De chiara J, callender J., 1983).

1.9*1.65 = 3.14 m

2.3*1.52 = 3.5m2

2

Technical study:

Figure 180 Raised floor for electro-mechanically and electrical service.

(Littleffield D. Fourth edition.)

Figure 181 Suspended ceiling for electro-mechanically and electrical service. (Littleffield D. Fourth edition.)

Exhibition hall: According to the human proportions , the average eye level for the adult human body either for men or for women is about 5ft 2 ¼ in. For the children who (average 6 years old) the eye level is about 3ft 5 ½ in.

Figure 182 Visual studies (Neufert:Architect’s)

If the displayed item is big in size especially like statues, its necessary to provide more distance for the human body to be able to recognize the item well, about 10ft 4in aisle is recommended.

Arranging the items & their labels above or under these previous standards places a strain on seldom-used muscles & produces aching backs, tired feet, burning eyes & stiff necks.

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Gallery Natural Lighting:

There is a diminution factor (ky) for the quantity of incident light which depends on the shape of the roof & the degree of its inclination, the greatest quantity of light is received through a horizontal roof light, but in the same time it increase the thermal heat gain.

It’s preferable to use the northern lighting when using the natural lighting system & avoiding the direct southern one by providing a screen to reflect the sun rays or using a frosted glass in the ceiling.

In practice it’s recommended to make the ratio of roof light spacing to room height 1:1.5 or 1:2 .

Figure 183 Reflective lights (Neufert:Architect’s)

The shape of the roof & the openings that admit the natural light affects the light diminution.

Exhibition space arrangements: If the cases are arranged with gently curving lines to take the advantages of the pattern of movement or the arrangement can be staggered which produce a certain mystery & a desire to peak around corners. Another arrangement is to narrow the entrance a bit to provide more amount of interest.

The locations of the openings in the gallery spaces must be designed well to achieve a successful flow of the visitors circulation.

Figure 184 Exhibition arrangement (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 185 Exhibition entrances (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 186 Galleries arrangements (Neufert:Architect’s)

The opening distribution affect the visitors circulation.

• arrangement The arrangement the gallery The of theofgallery spaces affects spaces affects the feeling of the visitors. the feeling of the visitors.

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Auditoriums: Good view without head movement, but slight eye movement about deg Maximum perception angle about deg, i.e. in this field everything which takes place between the corners of the eyes is perceived.

Figure 187 Seats spacing in an auditorium (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 188 Seats spacing in an auditorium (Neufert:Architect’s)

Seats distribution and Circulation:

Figure 189 Seats circulation (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 192 Elevation of seats (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 190 Seats circulation (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 191 Design of the seats in the auditorium (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 193 Sound reflection (Neufert:Architect’s)

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Auditorium angles:

Figure 194 Auditorium angles (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 195 Auditorium angles (Neufert:Architect’s)

View angles:

Figure 196 View angles (Neufert:Architect’s)

Lecture halls:

Figure 197 view angles in lecture halls (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 198 view angles in lecture halls (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 199 view angles in lecture halls (Neufert:Architect’s)

Figure 200 view angles in lecture halls (Neufert:Architect’s)

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Multi purpose Stage:

Figure 201 Multipurpose stage (Neufert:Architect’s)

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CULTURE CHAPTER IX Individual Work

((

Slogan:

Abdelrahman Gamil ))

The Formal Informality!

Concept Statement:

The formal informality means to get the most efficient solutions for the community of Maspero, Their informal applications quality will be raised getting a formal better solution. Therefor, make the project such a prototype of getting solutions for similar communities.

Also, Respect the community behaviors toward the environment around to keep the ideas applicable and fit in the community conditions.

Concept I (hierarchy of building mass):

Figure 202 Building mass distribution

The hierarchy of the building mass distribution must respect the Nile side to provide: 1. The Nile view for all project zones.

2. The good wind orientation for the needed spaces.

3. The cross ventilation with the best air quality inside and through the project mass.

4. A welcoming approach for the visitors and also a well integrated side with the community.

5. Respect the human scale and building heights of the existed buildings.

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Concept II (Choosing Site):

Nile Site Location Heritage buildings Cultural spin Nile front Side Heritage triangle Figure 203 Site Relation with the context

The site supposed to be the third point of Maspero Cultural Triangle completing the other two points which is placed at the spine starting with Sultan Abo El Ela Mosque, passing by Cinema Ali Baba, El Rekab Museum, and its end by the Italian Embassy.

The Cultural Triangle surrounding Maspero from the outer boundaries of the residential area, in order to raise the value of the whole area, as well as save the privacy of the community.

Figure 204 Cultural tour inside the triangle

Select a good site to complete Maspero culture triangle by encourage the touristic heritage approach USING connection spines to connect the heritage buildings and nodes surrounding the triangle in order to get the land value of the whole Maspero triangle in the highest level and make the awareness will be done for the community in a strong base.

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Concept III (Spaces distribution and collective zones):

Figure 205 Gathering Hub

The gathering node will be the collective space for the different activities and project functions; that will be on the urban scale by provides a hubs inside the project to integrate the community with the other communities came to watch their crafts and cultural exhibitions and also around the project it must be gathering areas with useful function for the community such as the out door local market or temporary events space.

It will be applies also in the architecture scale inside the building by distribute the functions with consideration of the local community behaviors and needs. therefor collect them by a gathering space.

Main Zones:

Figure 206 General zoning

As a result of Concept II, the main components of the project is distributed to be collected by a collective plaza encouraging the gathering and the meeting of the community and the other communities that will be visiting the project in order to exhibit their value and their culture.

This plaza will be the only collective hub that all zones access will be separated to provide the needed qualifications of each such; the privacy for the community approach, and the welcoming approach for the visitors.

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Detailed Zoning:

Mission Statement: Development Approaches: Physical Social Economical Organizational Environmental Sustainable

Integration between: Slums community University students Government Surrounded communities NGO’s

Community Government

Integrate between the different stockholders; Government, Surrounding communities, and Maspero community itself and use the university students and NGO’s to enhance the behaviors and cultural value inside the triangle to build a generation from the community to make an accurate efficient sustainable development.

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Inspiration:

Added elements Original elements

Figure 207 Talaat Harb Square (Samih, 2016)

Figure 208 Saad Zaghlol Square (Samih, 2016)

The heritage of the surrounding are and the khedival architecture inspire for the architectural style will be used in the project which connect the project with an excited built heritage assets which raise the value of the whole area of Maspeo.

The behavior of the community on the excited heritage buildings also should inspire in the process of designing the project to put the future expected changes accounting to period changes in consideration.

The street patterns of Cairo streets inspire the grid of urban space which mainly contains from squares and intersected major streets and sub streets. it also respecting the issue of interaction and gathering space which found in the local market streets for pedestrians and cars squares as a landmarks and meeting points.

Cairo residential clusters also are very special designs which inspire on the design of the different components of the project special those which related to the community and the relation between it and those related to the project visitors.

Figure 209 Uban Grid (Cambridge University Press, 2013 )

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Figure 210 Foster Project Master Plan (Foster, 2015)

Figure 211 Foster Project Perspective (Foster, 2015)

The spines designed to make a boundary around the residential area in order to keep two important issues for the project; first, to connect the spines together and connect them with the surrounding important places, second, to save the privacy for the residential area.

It is also raise the value for the whole area of the triangle and enhance the scene of belonging for the community as well as encourage them to develop their area and raise the safety around the day.

Figure 212 Foster Project Perspective (Foster, 2015)

Figure 213 Foster Project Perspective (Foster, 2015)

Use a local elements and actions which are familiar to the community which also encourage the scene of belonging for them and see themselves the value of the culture they have.

The main concept of the Bamiyan Culture Center is to design a meeting place (interaction zone) and not a bulky building; As well as designing spaces that are carved and discovered through the experience not built, imitating the old Buddha’s statue which is carved in a mountain.

It inspire the concept of make an underground architecture by provide the connection of the users of the project as well as buffering the different zones.

Ground level (Street level)

Figure 214 System of negative spaces (UNESCO, 2015)

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Project Program: Main Components Training Center

Touristic Zone

Conference Hall Zone

Crafts Zone

Zones

Area

Lecture Halls Big Hall *Toilets *Lobby Computer lab Library Reading Area Praying area Toilets Class rooms Studios Out door open space Small Cafeteria Clinic Toilets

40 m2 160 m2 50 m2 30 m2 30 m2 150 m2 800m2 40 m2 50 m2 40 m2 60m2 100 m2 15 m2 12 m2 60 m2

Main Lobby Antiques cars exhibition Permanent Exhibition Halls *Foyer Temporary Exhibition Halls *Lobby Panorama Culturama Services Storage

40 m2 160 m2 50 m2 30 m2 15 m2 30 m2 150 m2 800m2 40 m2 20 m2 50 m2

Main Lobby Conference Hall Foyer Control room Translation room IT room VIP Lounge Praying area Toilets

80 m2 400 m2 80 m2 12 m2 12 m2 12 m2 60 m2 15 m2 50 m2

Workshops 10 m2 *Storage *Outdoor display area 8 m2 60 m2 Mechanics workshop 60m2 Wood workshop 15 m2 Bazaars 200m2 Atrium 20 m2 Galleries

Main Components Facilities

Zones

Area

Multi-Purpose out-door *Amphitheater Restaurant *Kitchen CafĂŠ shops Clinic Pharmacy Mini-Market Stationary WC Open market spaces Parking Visitor parking Parking Service parking Parking Staff parking

300 m2 80 m2 20 m2 30 m2 25 m2 15 m2 25 m2 15 m2 100m2 500m2 1000m2 600m2 800m2

Sustainability: Environmental Sustainability:

Wind Catcher: Use the wind catcher for the ventilation to provide a good ventilation for all the project spaces and also it a familiar object to the community right there.

Figure 215 Air circulation (sustainable cities, 2013 )

The cross ventilation with some elements to enhance the quality of the wind such as greens on the air inlets and water elements and courtyard with the needed heights to be the air outlet.

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Social Sustainability:

Figure 216 Uban Grid (Hassan Fathy, 2013 )

Use a landscaping elements with the different needed function such as stop the bad wind which carry sand and but water elements to cool the good wind in its circulation.

Cooperate with the community leaders in taking any decision to be sure that it will work and fit in the excited conditions and to get the best solutions and innovation ideas to enhance their quality of life in its different sides.

Technological Studies:

Figure 217 Parametric element (COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN, 2015 )

Figure 218 Parametric pattern (COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN, 2015 )

Use the parametric design applying on an excited elements from the surrounding architecture such as the parametric Mashrabya which use to control the lighting and wind entering the building and sometimes it could by applied on a double facade building.

Figure 219 Spot lights details

The ground lighting which define the spin leads to the main zone or the welcoming spin.

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((

Ahmed Farouk))

Mission Statement: The importance of the project as a culture center in Maspero triangle that will raise culture value and make community participation and development

Concept Statement:

The relation between the zones is not a normal relation but it have an objective that all zones in integrated with the community and served it .

That every zone have its identity to serve the community . The project is should be in a sight for the community and to be in realization with the surrounding according to its culture , and social life.

Detailed program:

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General Zoning:

Figure 220 General zoning

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Detailed Zoning:

Figure 221 Detailed zoning

Concepts I (Triangle linkage):

Figure 222 Triangle linkage

Maspero triangle is central point in Cairo that it have very important successful factors but not properly taken advantage of ,in the right direction . This factors as the community crafts and culture , heritage buildings , Nile view .all this factors can attract tourism in this area ,when this factors be integrated.

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Concepts II (Development by Community):

Maspero triangle will be developed by the community and the community will develop it self by the Culture center.

Concepts III (The Binding):

Bind the community with tourist ( Visitors ) . By using the function of the project . That the project separate to 3 conceptual zones ( Educational zone – Touristic zones – Binding zone ) . That the binding zone will connect the community with the visitors . The binding zone separated into two main zones ( crafts zone – facilities ). That will make the project like a piece in Maspero community .

Inspirations:

Figure 223 flooring pattern

Inspired from this development growth

Figure 224 organic building form

pattern

as

community

Inspired from this building an organic forms.

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Technological Studies:

Pancho arena ( roof system ) the roof cantilevers 43 feet over spectators and is supported by glulam columns rooted into concrete piers every 20 feet with the use of 36-millimeter-diameter threaded rods anchored 5 feet into the concrete and affixed with synthetic resin.

These primary supports arc up and fan out, with steel elbow-bracket reinforcements. As the supports extend farther from the piers, their depths increase to accommodate the accumulating cantilevered load.

Secondary intersecting beams connect to the primary beams via radial glulam crutches. The resulting hybrid timber-and-fan-vault construction is based on grid shell principles.

Figure 225 3D shot (Hooper, 2015 )

Figure 226 3D shot (Hooper, 2015 )

Figure 227 3D Study section (Hooper, 2015 )

Figure 228 3D shot (Hooper, 2015 )

Sustainability: Defined in many ways the “ability of sustain” and “the capacity of endures” Sustainability is the future of our society . And we as society must transform our markets – both how we produce and consume ,and the very ways in which we define measure value and progress.

The big challenge not just for business and economics , but it is call for massive social , political, technological, cultural and behavior transition.

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Applications: Use recycling material in building Use double wall system Use natural ventilation with different systems

Double wall system

Natural ventilation system

Figure 229 eco passive design

How to apply in project: To obtain economic sustainable phase in the project during construction &life time. Using careful planning for site &building design & using renewable energy in building which reduce building cost.

Touristic approach for the project (part of the culture center will be open for the tourists and will be related to the culture and history of Khedivial Egypt in general and Maspero triangle in particular with all its traditions and crafts) Revival of crafts in Boulaq will help sustain the community economy Services and facilities will offer more job opportunities for community members.

Applying socio-economic sustainability

How to apply in project: Make an workshops for community members to about the project to participate in the project.

And learn them the historical background of Maspero triangle and Then the adults, women, youth . Start to manage the project of this community.

Arrange events for people to make awareness for people.

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((

Mohamed ElShamy ))

Mission Statement: Provide to the community his needs from the essentials of life as education, commercial and culture needs , improving the skills and the crafts for the community in parallel to the latest ideas and techniques to developing mental of the community to solve their Difficulties and problems, and producing unique products in a good and creative quality to attract the foreigner to come and impressive for this revival culture, the feedback will be satisfaction as the raise of the economic level and have the fund this cycle again.

Concept Statement: Be a part of the interaction, to be a durable in all times.

Main zones: Community zone culture zone Touristic zone

Figure 230 general zoning

Detailed zones:

Figure 231 detailed zoning

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Concept I (The trunk of life): The nature is the prefect solution for the organisms , due to it has the ability to give as the products without any help or external intervention. The concept of the project is taken from the trunk of the tree as it play the role of linked roots and the leaves this the same role of the culture center between the community and the tourists side in sustainable cycle way , to be the truck of life of Maspero community.

Community zone culture zone Touristic zone Figure 232 truck of life

Concept II (Revival of the Missing): According to the urban studies, this concept depends on cultural approach to serve the tourists side the revival it, as moza street spread the tourist and heritage , the touristic approach will be continue to reach the site , to complete the whole image of the culture of Maspero in addition to the value of culture center project which going to complete the culture and revival the missing.

Figure 233 revival of missing

Community zone culture zone Touristic zone

Concept III (The heart of the interaction): According to the urban studies, this concept depends on cultural approach to serve the tourists side the revival it, as moza street spread the tourist and heritage , the touristic approach will be continue to reach the site , to complete the whole image of the culture of Maspero in addition to the value of culture center project which going to complete the culture and revival the missing.

Figure 234 intersection

Community zone culture zone Touristic zone

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Inspirations:

Figure 235 Colosseum

Figure 236 Moa’az street

Figure 237 tree of life

Figure 238 pedestrian street, italy

Figure 239 green roof with step-ed seats

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Sustainability:

Figure 240 environmental study

Solar panels

Passive solar energy: This sketch shows the shading method to void the direct sunlight after the midday and solar panels direction.

Ambient condition Pedestrian & vehicular circulation Open spaces views Figure 241 Passive technicals

Orientation techniques to improve the environmental sustainability.

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CULTURE CHAPTER IX - INDIVIDUAL WORK

How to apply in project: - Make an workshops for community members to about the project to participate in the project . And learn them the historical background of maspero triangle and . Then the adults ,women, youth . Start to manage the project of this community - Arrange events for people to make awareness for people

Environmental Sustainability: Applications:- Use recycling material in building - Use natural ventilation with different systems - Use double wall system

Evaporative cooling tower

Figure 242 Passive technicals

Low pressure

High pressure

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Technological Studies: City light street lamp: It is a hybrid urban illumination system driven by human power and changing it to electricity . The lamp connected to outdoor fitness facilities as walking ,then transfer the human power to the light system

Figure 243 technical studies

Figure 244 technical studies

Figure 245 technical studies

Figure 246 lighting roof technology

Figure 247 Kinetic facade

Roofing passive technology:

Kinetic facade and shading device

Passive cooling is a building design approach that think on heat gain control to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low energy consumption. This approach works either by blocking heat from entering or by removing heat from the building by using (natural cooling)

By actuating the facades and making them dynamic, they can better adapt to the conditions, provide for improved comfort of the occupants, and achieve a more sustainable design by reducing the compromises needed for that balance.

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((

Mostafa Ghandour ))

Mission Statement: The Project is start to make development in the culture of the community and raise the awareness of the community.

Mission Statement: The mission is to create a project that opens the visual field of users to the externals of the project and also make it clearly visible to the surrounding community.

General Zoning:

Figure 248 general zoning

Detailed Zoning:

Figure 249 detailed zoning

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Concept I (Interaction): The result from the interaction between main roads of Maspero triangle that make the interaction zone in the project site that make connection between community zone and tourist zone.

Figure 250 interaction

Concept II (Story): The conflict between residents, government and the investors in the late time. And that appears in the mass form and the internal elements and their relation.

That conflict raged after a certain amount of time after the development and progress arrow was pointing upwards and that should be visible to the users and visitors.

government

Investors

community The conflict time in maspero start in the time the users and visitors begin using the project and perceiving the components of it and their relations.

Conflict in maspero

The reconciliation between the feuded network appears in the focal points where people should meet and leave behind their resentment towards each other.

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Concept III (Nature):

The Nile’s importance is well known since ancient times and its connected to the different Egyptian cultures.

In this module, the red line resembles the growth of the area and its culture from the point of interaction with the project. And these circles resembles the Nile waves and it starts from the Nile front The usage of module in any project works on the ease of connection of the project elements in a flowing motion. Also the module shape in reflected on the whole project shape and therefore the design idea is easily read.

This module is divided into two parts: 1-Red lines that starts from a point and going upwards to reflect the concept of social, cultural and heritage aspects that the project aims to.

2-The circular lines that reflects the motion of the Nile’s waves which is the actual reason behind the growth of any living creature.

Grid of continuity of Nile river

Grid of development

Figure 251 natural studies

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Inspirations:

Cubes concept in form of building or, and layout.

Sketch to Cubes form Figure 252 Sketch to Cubes form

Different arrangement of Wood shingles so can reflect it in circulation or landscape in project.

Organic of accessories art, can use it in shell faced in project.

Figure 253 Cairo Expo City Competition Egypt

Cairo Expo City Competition Egypt

Figure 254 Dubai opera house project

Great organic form and it can achieved the natural concept to show important Nile.

Sustainability: Social suitability How to apply in project: - Make an workshops for community members to about the project to participate in the project . And learn them the historical background of maspero triangle and . Then the adults , women, youth . Start to manage the project of this community - Arrange events for people to make awareness for people

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Economic sustainability:

How to apply in project: To obtain economic sustainable phase in the project during construction &life time . Using careful planning for site &building design & using renewable energy in building which reduce building cost -Touristic approach for the project (part of the culture center will be open for the tourists and will be related to the culture and history of Khedivial Egypt in general and Maspero triangle in particular with all its traditions and crafts) Revival of crafts in Boulaq will help sustain the community economy Services and facilities will offer more job opportunities for community members.

Environmental sustainability: Application in project: Wind catch.

Solar chimney.

Double walls.

Double glass.

Solar panel.

Wind catch work Figure 255 wind catcher

Double glass structure Figure 256 Solar Panels

Solar chimney structure

Solar panel concept 90

MASPERO CHAPTER IX - INDIVIDUAL WORK

Technological Studies:

Using mechanical louvers to control a daylight. This project created by a cutting-edge façade system that is made-up of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) capable of being morphed into a number of animated patterns. The integration of the moving lamellas within the building’s skin.

One Ocean, Thematic Pavilion EXPO 2012 Figure 257 One Ocean, Thematic Pavilion EXPO 2012

Al Bahar Towers on Abu Dhabi. The Architect designed the facade which takes cultural idea and traditional Islamic shading device “mashrabiya” on a new thought. The screen act as a curtain wall, it’s away from the building two meters, on an independent frame. Each triangle is made of Fiberglass and it’s designed to respond to the sun movement in a way to reduce the solar gain and glare.

Evening time all the screens will be closed they will all fold, however morning time the sun moves around the building, then the whole vertical strip of mashrabiya will move with the sun.

Figure 258 doube facade

Figure 259 Al Bahar Towers

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((

))

Mission Statement: The main aim of this particular project is to contribute to the vibrant culture that maspero residents have and be a connection joint between the Egyptian / International community as whole and maspero community.

Zoning: Education center Crafts Training Touris.

Parking

Weak

conf.

MNG

Strong

Sustainability:

Figure 260 Zoning

The three sustainability elements are all contained in the project, but I do stress on the economical factor in the sustainability triangle as it holds the biggest responsibility for either the failure or success of that project. As long as the facility is operating it must maintain stable influx of visitors to stimulate the economical process in the project and thus contributing to the community in a positive way and tackling the issues that were once prevalent in the triangle.

A stable influx of visitors can be maintained through the frequent advertising for the activities In the project and conducting several seminars from the private and public sector and also using it as a platform for showing new products or valuable items throughout the exhibition

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Concept Statement:

The elements of the project should interact in a homogeneous way. For example, the touristic and conference area should be in proximity and harmony with the crafts area as the tourists or visitors should explore the realm of traditional crafts ship, and this will accordingly cause higher sales and the community will benefit from that economically, therefore leading to more production.

Another example is the requirement for the training center to be complementing the educational one as they both serve intellectual goals that obligates them to be in contact in order to increase the intellectual level and skills of the community.

Concepts: The vast inequality in the triangle manifested by shear contrast of income levels inspired a building that has tremendous contrast in texture and geometry meeting at specific points to reflect the disparity that the triangle used to contain.

The Nile which is the secret behind the Egyptian civilization has inspired a building that’s built around an artificial river penetrating the project with the project elements lying on its banks.

The triangular geometry of maspero area has inspired a building that has triangular features and plans. And this emphasize that the project is a minor manifestation of the general site where the issues are.

Inspirations:

Figure 261 Courtesy of 314 architecture studio

The building has a clear architectural This private house has a minimalisvocabulary and it utilizes recessions tic design that gives the impression and protrusions in an aesthetic way. of lightness and hovering above water that is beneath the house.

This hotel has a minimalistic elegance that appears with it big glass façade and fine lines and the thin cantilever roof.

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Technological Studies:

Insulation layers

Figure 262 Insulation layers

Double wall section

Figure 263 Double wall section

Figure 264 Gray water system

Grey water system

Louvers section

Figure 265 Louvers section

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((

Sara Tarek ))

INTRODUCTION: Problem Identification: Globalization brought cultural pluralism to the community of Maspero; For the community is loosing its culture, traditions, Folklore, crafts, heritage and identity and thus loosing their sense of belonging to their land and country in general.

Mission Statement: Culture and Community Development Project.

The project aims to revive the lost culture and identity of the community of Maspero with all their architecture, features, traditions and specially the crafts. The project also aims to emphasize the role of history (Specially the Khedivial period) in forming this valuable culture, through increasing awareness among the young empowered people while providing them with the required experience to help the reformation of the original identity in the new generations and guarantee its sustainability. The whole process is to increase cultural awareness and benefit both economy and tourism.

Benefit Community, Economy & Tourism

Culture Revival

Slogan:

“Culture is the Community’s imprint”

Concept Statement: The zones are oriented according to two main axes, axis of the Nile view and the other is the direct axis from the community. The outdoor multi-purpose area is considered the focal point of the project.

The zoning aims to enhance the visual permeability to and from both the Nile and the community in order to strengthen the connection between community members and their culture through the project, also connect the culture centre to the Nile and the surrounding built heritage assets.

Zoning: Nile View

Exhibition Zone

Crafts’ zone

Outdoor Area

Conference Zone Figure 266 Zoning

Training Centre

Summer School

Admin.

Residential Area

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Concept I (Dismantling):

Due to changes in people’s ideologies through time and specially with technology; People tend to dismantle bulky objects into a number of smaller ones. Moving between zones of different levels of complexity grabs attention of the users during the whole experience in the building and creates a sense of thrilling.

Changing process

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Concept II (Extending Axes from zones of high value): The cultural nature of the project connects it to the existing nearby built heritage assets, and thus the existing heritage in Maspero is directly affecting the project’s function. The concept includes orienting the culture centre among a grid whose axes are extended from nearby buildings of heritage value and other axes from zones of high value (Nile)

Axis from Centre of Maspero triangle

Grid

Axis from Cinema Ali-baba

Axis from the Nile

Axis from Museum of Khedivial Automobiles

Museum of Khedivial Automobiles Ali Baba Cinema Figure 267 Axes

Nile View

Museum of Khedival Automobiles & Ali Baba Cinema

`

Figure 268 Section showing view of important zones from the project

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Concept III (The Prismof Cognition):

The Culture centre is located in the middle of high-rise buildings, and thus the architectural elevation (Outer image) is only a single dimension and the only indication of the culture (White light) where only one side of the culture is perceived by the passer-by. Walking through the building will transfer the user to other dimensions of the culture, deeper ones where the whole culture and identity can be perceived (Spectrum).

Identity and culture Heritage, Traditions and Folklore

Architectural elevation reflecting small part of the culture

Unique Crafts Culture Centre

Figure 269 conceptual form

Vision

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Detailed Program:

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Inspiration: Forms and Features of Islamic Architecture:

Courtyards

Forms

Figure 270 Sultan Hassan Complex @Copyright Stierlin

Figure 271 Inner courtyrd of Mamluk Townhouse, Cairo. @Copyright Stierlin

Features of Khedivial Architecture:

Figure 272 Mix between Islamic architecture and architecture of Khedivial Cairo(Heliopolis Palace Hotel)@copyright skyscraper city, 2012

Figure 273 Mix between Islamic architecture and architecture of Khedivial Cairo(Heliopolis Palace Hotel)@copyright skyscraper city, 2012

Figure 274 Architectural building forms of Khedivial Cairo (Talaat Harb square)@ copyright skyscraper city, 2012

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SUSTAINABILITY: Pavegen Tiles:

-Walking over the Pavegen tile, renewable energy is generated from the pressure of the footstep, and this pressure generates kinetic energy which is converted into electricity through Pavegen technology.

Pavegen tiles can be used in outdoor spaces (pedestrians and in-site vehicular streets) to power the outdoor lighting; It can also be used in indoor spaces to sustain energy inside the buildings.

Figure 275 Pavegen Tiles@copyright Word press, 2015

Wind Catchers:

Figure 276 Al Sadat Rest House, Kalabash, Egypt, by Hassan Fathy

-Wind catchers minimize the energy consumption inside the building, for it provide comfort zone in the interior spaces (with the help of the installed Courtyards), and thus limited use of energy consuming systems (air conditioning).

Aqua-cell Grey water System: - Owing to the current water crisis in Egypt, further solutions are needed to preserve water. Aquacell Greywater System categorizes the used water into Black water (Solid waste from toiltes) and Grey water (from basins, showers and clothes’ washing machine), where Black water is non-reusable while Grey water can be treated and reused. (Fig. 12)

Figure 277 Aquacell Greywater System@copyright O’Young

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TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES: Sandwich Panel Structure System: Sandwich Panel is an organic structure system consisting of plates with thick foam (strengthened foam), and twisted tubes.

Modern Mashrabiya: Mashrabiya is a wooden shading device belonging to the historic Islamic era (Islamic architecture). Mashrabiya was developed with technology to fit in the 21st century.

Mashrabiya also has an aesthetic side for it is an ornamented screen so its flexible to be designed in endless variable patterns and thus integrate with the theme of the project.

Figure 278 Modern Mashrabiya on Al Bahar towers, Abu DhabiŠCopyright CTBUH, 2012

Figure 279 Example of Modern MashrabiyaŠCopyright Mitchler, 2012

Solar Sky Tunnel: Roof dome Corrosion resistant screws

From the outside

Roof flashing Flexible reflective tube Duct tape Duct tape

From the inside

Ceiling Ceiling frame

Ceiling reflective ring Corrosion resistant screws Light diffuser

Figure 280 Technical details

Solar sky tunnel is a sustainable clean lighting, which provide solar lighting indoors instead of the electric lighting. It can be used in exhibition halls, library and other project zones.

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((

Tokka ElKholy ))

Concept Statement: The project is divided into community zone which is the training center, children classes and the workshops, and the visitor zone which is the conference hall and exhibition halls, in between the community/visitors zone such as the bazars, galleries and services.

Concept (Zoning):

Figure 281 Sectional study

The hierarchy in the heights is representing every group targeted in the cultural center; children, women and the youth, which is for the buildings confronting the Nile and functionally to achieve the best view of the Nile. For the building within the community, there is descending in the hierarchy to be similar to the community’s heights and it represents the cultural development.

Concept (Masses):

Figure 282 Masses

The site is almost L shape, there are two main zones; zone impacted by the community buildings -it is the community zone- and zone impacted by the Nile front buildings-it is the visitors zone, in between the connection between both zones, which is the community/visitors zone.

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Concept (Main Spine):

Figure 283 Main spine

The guidelines form the surrounded historical buildings defines the main spine in the project that connects the Nile view with the cultural spine in Maspero passing through the main nodes or the main buildings in the project.

Zoning:

Outdoor spaces

Figure 284 Detailed zoning

Entrances

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Sustainability:

Environmental Sustainability:

Figure 285 Environmental strategy

Figure 286 Solar water heater diagram (solar energy for home, 2012-2014)

Figure 287 Solar energy diagram (solar energy for home, 2012-2014)

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Mission Statement:

My Cultural Center will be created to fulfill the cultural and the architectural gap between the devastating community zone and the luxury Nile front zone. By that, the rule of Maspero is a land of disparity and inequality changes, and that will happen by meeting the needs of the community by studying their major problems-as mentioned in chapter III- and also finding what attracts the tourists or the wealthy people in Maspero.

The Cultural Center in Maspero will renovate the extinct culture, identity and historical architectural styles in Maspero, and that will be by creating project that is suitable to the “Arabian Islamic Architecture”, on the other hand, respecting the contemporary approaches nowadays.

The Cultural Center project will raise valid generation that will be able to develop his “home” to be a better place, and that will be achieved by focusing on the children as a target group-as mentioned in Chapter III-.

Inspiration: From the Istanbul Gulsuyu Cemevi Cultural Center the hierarchy of building.

Figure 288 Visual axis of the project (Archdaily, 2015)

Figure 289 Visual permeability of the project (Archdaily, 2015)

The Hierarchy in the project to ensure the water front view for the components that needs view-touristic components-. The hierarchy in the buildings also to represent the priority according to the target group as highlighted in the first concept.

From the Lego cubic forms: The Cubic shapes to ensure the view-as mentioned in the first inspiration- and to ensure the connectivity vertically between the different zones visually and physically. The cubic shape of the Lego allows the building to be open to the surroundings.

Figure 290 Lego cubic form (Cooke S., 2012)

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CReferences: ULTURE Chapter I (History of Maspero) El Qady, A., Abdel Aaty, A., Mostafa , H., Zayd, S., Abbas, A., Fawzy, H., & Mansy, A. (2014).

Development Project of Maspeero, The Architectural and Services Studies. Cairo : Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements.

Chapter II (Urban Studies) El Qady, A., Borham, A., El Marsfy, N., & Zaazaa, A. (2014). Development Project of Maspeero, Housing Study. Cairo: Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements.

El Attar, A., & El Eraqi, F. (2014). Development Project of Maspeero, Roads and Accessibility Studies .Cairo: Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements.

El Qady, A., Abdel Aaty, A., Mostafa , H., Zayd, S., Abbas, A., Fawzy, H., & Mansy, A. (2014).

Development Project of Maspeero, The Architectural and Services Studies. Cairo : Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements.

Chapter III (Project Selection) El Qady, A., Borham, A., El Marsfy, N., & Zaazaa, A. (2014). Development Project of Maspeero, Housing Study. Cairo: Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements.

Aristotle. (n.d.). Culture Quotes. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from Brainy Quote: http://www. brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/aristotle_6.html Garvey, M. (n.d.). Culture Quotes. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from Brainy Quote: http:// www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/marcusgarv365148.html?src=t_culture Heffernan, M. (n.d.). Interaction Quotes. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from Brainy Quote: http:// www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/margarethe556959.html?src=t_interaction

Chapter V (Sustainability) Akbar, J. (1992). Cultural Park for Children. Cairo: The Agakhan Reward for Architecture.

Barakat M. (2006). Scope on the Siwan culture: community center, Siwah, Egypt. College of Architecture and Planning, University of Utah.

Gamil, A. (2015). Ezbet community center. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from Ezbetproject: http://ezbetproject.com/en/Project/Details/6 Alamuddin H. (2001). Nubian Museum Aswan, Egypt. Luxor: The Agakhan Reward for Architecture.

Varanda, F. (2004). Women’s Center. Rufisque: The Agakhan Award for Architecture.

Chapter VI (Design Issues) GSA. (2012). CIRCULATION: DEFINING AND PLANNING. WASHINGTON, DC: GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA).

Ching, F. D. (2007). ARCHITECTURE Form, Space and Function (3rd ed., Vol. V). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Lee A., (2010, November). National Museum of Scotland-The Most Significant Redeveloped Architecture. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from Interior Exterior Plan: http://www.interiorexteriorplan. com/architecture/national-museum-of-scotland-the-most-signifi

(FACMU), F. o. (2014). ARCHITECTURE IN THEORY: CIRCULATION. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from http://www.arc.cmu.ac.th/e-learning/doc/0049_5859.pdf DNDT. (2015). Traction Panoramic Lift / Panoramic Elevator. Retrieved November 20, 2015, from Global Market: http://dndt.gmc.globalmarket.com/products/details/traction-panoramic-lift-panoramic-elevator-8015168.html#bottom-tips River, T. (2015). Sharp Elevator Company, Inc. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from The Blue Book: http://www.thebluebook.com/iProView/800222/sharp-elevator-company-inc/subcontractors Rosenfield, K. (2013, August 05). Six Flinders Street Station Proposals Battle It Out for “Public Choice Award”. Retrieved November 25, 2015, from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/411638/ six-flinders-street-station-proposals-battle-it-out-for-public-choice-award Himmelblau, C. (Director). (2012). Dalian International Conference Center [Motion Picture]. Retrieved October 31, 2015, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUrt8-aHJjs Perez, A. (2010, May 18). AD Classics: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum / Frank Lloyd Wright.

Retrieved October 31, 2015, from Archdaily: www.archdaily.com/60392/ad-classics-solomon-rguggenheim-museum-frank-lloyd-wright Richters, C., & Baan, I. (2011, January 03). Theatre Agora / UNStudio. Retrieved October 31, 2015, from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/100224/theatre-agora-unstudio Zakharov, v. (n.d.). Tokyo, bird’s-eye view of car-park. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from gettyimage: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/tokyo-birds-eye-view-of-car-park-royalty-free-image/184813292 Expo Parking. (2015). EXCELLENCE AWARD AND BRAZILIAN PARKING CONFERENCE ARE AMONG THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 5TH EDITION OF EXPO PARKING. Retrieved November 25, 2015, from Expo Parking 2016: htp://www.expo-parking.com.br/en/2015/10/28/excellence-award-and-brazilian-parking-conference-are-among-the-highlights-of-the-5th-edition-of-expoparking Schinnerer, J. L. (2008). Guide to Self: The Beginner’s Guide to Managing Emotions and Thoughts.

UK: Author House UK™ Ltd. Grawitch, M. J., Munz, D. C., Elliott, E. K., & Mathis, A. (2003). Promoting creativity in temporary problem-solving groups: The effects of positive mood and autonomy in problem definition on idea-generating performance. (D. Marcus, Ed.) Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, VII(3), 200-213.

Promisel, R. (2015, July 07). TOP 30 LUXURIOUS HOTELS TO CHECK OUT IN SANTORINI, GREECE. Retrieved November 15, 2015, from All My Faves: http://blog.allmyfaves.com/fun/ top-30-luxurious-hotels-to-check-out-in-santorini-greece/

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Ford, C. (2010, July 27). Egypt, Cairo, Khan el Khalili Bazaar. Retrieved November 14, 2015, from flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisschoenbohm/5146069762

El Qady, A., Abdel Aaty, A., Mostafa , H., Zayd, S., Abbas, A., Fawzy, H., & Mansy, A. (2014). Development Project of Maspeero, The Architectural and Services Studies. Cairo : Ministry of Urban Renewal and Informal Settlements.

Smith, A. (2008, December). Postcards from UN Climate Change Conference. Retrieved November 01, 2015, from TreeHugger: http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/postcards-from-un-climate-change-conference.html Jordana, S. (2011, May 06). MVRDV wins competition for Comic and Animation Museum in China. Retrieved November 01, 2015, from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/133569/mvrdv-win-competition-for-comic-and-animation-museum-in-china Liston, D. (2004). Museum Security and Protection: A Handbook for Cultural Heritage Institutions. London: Routledge.

Berinato, S. (2004, September 01). Museum Security: The Art of Securing Pricelessness. Retrieved November 01, 2015, from csoonline: http://www.csoonline.com/article/2122573/physical-security/museum-security--the-art-of-securing-pricelessness.html Boundless. (2015, July 21). Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from Boundless: https:// www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/types-of-social-interaction-51/nonverbal-communication-317-10452/ Boundless. (2015, July 21). Exchange. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from Boundless: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/types-of-social-interaction-51/ exchange-318-3121/ Boundless. (2015, July 21). Cooperation.. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from Boundless: https://www. boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/types-of-social-interaction-51/cooperation-319-8261/ Boundless. (2015, July 21). Conflict. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from Boundless: https://www.boundless. com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/types-of-social-interaction-51/conflict-320-7848/ Boundless. (2015, July 21). Competition. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from Boundless: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/types-of-social-interaction-51/ competition-321-8671/ Boundless. (2015, July 21). Stereotypes in Everyday Life. Retrieved November 13, 2015, from Boundless:https:// www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-interaction-5/types-of-social-interaction-51/stereotypes-in-everyday-life-322-3421/ Cooper, C. (2013, October 08). Why living near an airport could be bad for your health. Retrieved November 01, 2015, from independent: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/ why-living-near-an-airport-could-be-bad-for-your-health-8867387.html Harris, J. (2012, March 09). Why we love living next to a nuclear power plant. Retrieved November 2015, from theguardian: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/mar/09/love-living-next-nuclear-plant

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Blais M., (2008, December), Understanding and Interpretation: The Work of Architecture as Image and Representation. Retrieved November 10, 2015 from cloud cuckoo: http://www.cloud-cuckoo. net/journal1996-2013/inhalt/en/issue/issues/207/Blais/blais.php Illustration of Paul Baran’s Network Scheme (1964), On distributed communications: Introduction to distributed communications networks. Retrieved November 10, 2015 from netspecific: http:// netspecific.net/en/netspecific/network-curation Yazici S., (2012, November), Seminar + Workshop “Design through Systems Thinking Informedby Materials, Paramaterial. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from paramaterial: http://paramaterial. net/category/computation/ Furuto A., (2011, December 23), Green Roofs. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from Archdily: http://www.archdaily.com/193552/green-roofs Perez A., (2010 May 14), AD Classics: Fallingwater House / Frank Lloyd Wright. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/60022/ad-classics-fallingwater-franklloyd-wright Xing Su, ( July 2012), 40 Mercer. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from sayumicortesdalmaut: https://sayumicortesdalmaut.wordpress.com/2012/06/23/cast-iron-district-ny/16_40-mercer/ Cilento K., (2012, September 05), Al Bahar Towers Responsive Facade / Aedas. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/270592/al-bahar-towers-responsive-facade-aedas Zindrou L., (2008), Shutter Pattern. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from cargocollective: http:// cargocollective.com/ahylo/shutter-pattern Saratoga Springs Culture Compass, (2008, December), The Legacy of Frost Architecture. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from saratogaculturecompass: https://saratogaculturecompass.wordpress. com/2008/12/19/the-legacy-of-frost-architecture/ Mohei M., (2015, July 29), The Maspero Triangle: Necessary demolition or forced eviction?. Last Retrieved November 25, 2015 from madamasr: http://www.madamasr.com/sections/politics/ maspero-triangle-necessary-demolition-or-forced-eviction Cairobserver, (2015), Retrieved November 25, 2015 from Cairobserver: http://cairobserver.com/

Chapter VII (Case Study) Akbar, J. (1992). Cultural Park for Children. Cairo: The Agakhan Reward for Architecture.

Hegazy, H. A. (1992). Cultural Park for Children. Cairo: The Agakhan Reward for Architecture.

Eric, oh., (2015, August 09). Competition Entry: Istanbul Gülsuyu Cemevi and Cultural Center.

Retrieved November 20, 2015, from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/771325/istanbul-gulsuyuJongerden, P. J. (2003). Turkey’s Alevi Enigma. BRILL. Altınıık, M. (2015, July 22). GÜLSUYU CEMEVİ. Retrieved 02 November, 2015, from melikealtinisik: http://www.melikealtinisik.com/filter/Competition/GULSUYU-CEMEVI

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Playmaster. (2015, August 03). COMPETITION ENTRY FOR GULSUYU CEMEVI. Retrieved November 06, 2015, from playmagazine: http://www.playmagazine.info/competition-entry-for-gulsuyu-cemevi/Istanbul Gülsuyu Cemevi and Cultural Center Competition. (2015, August 07).

Retrieved November 07, 2015, from evolo: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/istanbul-gulsuyu-cemevi-and-cultural-center-competition/ Brink N., (2015, August 03). competition entry for gulsuyu cemevi by melike altınışık and gül ertekin.

Retrieved November 07, 2015, from designboom: http://www.designboom.com/architecture/ competition-entry-gulsuyu-cemevi-melike-altinisik-gul-ertekin-08-03-2015/

Barakat M. (2006). Scope on the Siwan culture: community center, Siwah, Egypt. College of Architecture and Planning, University of Utah.

Alamuddin H. (2001). Nubian Museum Aswan, Egypt. Luxor: The Agakhan Reward for Architecture.

Ashour, M. (2009). Nubian Center. Luxor: The Agakhan Reward for Architecture.

Varanda, F. (2004). Women’s Center. Rufisque: The Agakhan Award for Architecture.

Hollmen, S., Reuter, J., & Sandman, H. (2003). Women’s Center. Rufisque: The Agakhan Award for Architecture.

Green Light for Hawley Primary School. (2015, October 30). Retrieved from Allford Hall Monaghan Morris (AHMM): http://www.ahmm.co.uk/projectDetails/123/Hawley-Wharf?sub=news Camden Council. (2010). CAMDEN TOWN PLACE PLAN. London: CAMDEN. Hart V., Knight R., (1991). Camden Town, 1791-1991: a pictorial record. London: London Borough of Camden, Leisure & Community Serv.

Davis C., (2013). Camden Lock & the Market. Streat, United Kingdom: Frances Lincoln.

Camden Archive, Holborn Library ref 89.3, date 23-05-1974Copyright M.D Trace neg- T230574 (TRACE) Sophie, S. C. (2012, June 12). London Street Guides: Camden. Retrieved November 10, 2015, from Hostelbookers: http://blog.hostelbookers.com/top-cities/camden-guide/ Foster, G. (2008, February 10). Source of market blaze identified. Retrieved October 30, 2015, from BBC News: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7237455.stm Carter L., (2008, February 11). Camden Market fire damage ‘will cost millions’. Retrieved November 09, 2015, from Telegraph: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1578257/CamdenMarket-fire-damage-will-cost-millions.html Richard Osley, S. N. (2008, February 14). It’s a miracle nobody died: but could it happen again?.

Retrieved November 10, 2015, from Camden New Journal: http://www.thecnj.com/camden/2008/021408/news021408_01.html

PHOTOS FROM THE LAST DAYS OF CAMDEN LOCK MARKET AS THE REDEVELOPMENT GETS UNDERWAY. (21, February 2015). Retrieved October 28, 2015, from inspiringcity: http://inspiringcity.com/2015/02/21/photos-from-the-last-days-of-camden-lock-market-as-the-redevelopmentgets-underway/

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Hopkirk, E. (2014, July 07). McAslan reveals ambitious plans for Camden Lock Market. Retrieved November 10, 2015, from bdonline: http://www.bdonline.co.uk/mcaslan-reveals-ambitious-plans-for-camden-lock-market/5069814.article Carrier, D. (2010). Hawley revamp project a step closer. Camden New Journal, 24.

Waterman Group. (2012). Camden Lock Village. London: Waterman Energy, Environment and Design.

Camden Council. (2010). CAMDEN TOWN PLACE PLAN. London: CAMDEN. General London Authority. (2011). Camden Lock Village (Hawley Wharf). London: General London Authority.

Foster J., (2015, February 19), UNESCO Reveals Winning Scheme For The Bamiyan Cultural Centre In Afghanistan,. Retrieved November 23, 2015 from Archdaily: http://www.archdaily.com/600403/ unesco-reveals-winning-scheme-for-the-bamiyan-cultural-centre-in-afghanistan

UNESCO, (2015), Bamiyan Culture Center. Retrieved November 25, 2015 from Bamyian Cultural Center: http://bamiyanculturalcentre.org/summary/ Dehghanpisheh B. (2001), Rebuilding the Bamiyan Buddhas. Retrieved November 26, 2015 from nbcnews:http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3067334/t/rebuilding-bamiyan-buddhas/#.Vn_RIPl97IU

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List of Figures: Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

001: 002: 003: 004: 005: 006: 007: 008: 009: 010: 011: 012: 013: 014: 015: 016: 017: 018: 019: 020: 021: 022: 023: 024: 025: 026: 027: 028: 029: 030: 031: 032: 033: 034:

Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Road paved by the French as a step towards Boulaq development Developed Al-Galaa street road and more organized land divisions Boulaq was the harbor (port) of Cairo Modified 26th July street after installing the Tram in the early 1900 Boundaries of Sharkasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; area Modified 26th July street Qasr-el-Nil bridge Clear development in master plan of Maspero triangle Boulaq bridge 1940, connecting Boulaq and Al-Zamalek Kornishe el Nil 1950s Developments and land division of Sharkasâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; area Maspero Triangle after the changes in duration from 1952 to 1992 Layout of Maspero Triangle in 2003 Layout of Maspero Triangle in 2015 Maspero triangle is building of significance or informal residential area Chart showing places of birth of the existing Maspero residents Chart showing jobs of Maspero residents Residential buildings in Maspero with workplace in the ground floor Land use Map Commercial buildings on the main road Commercial buildings Car mechanics Workshops Religious building Land use Map Residential building Sidi Sultan Abu El Ela Mosque Cinema Ali Baba Nile Front buildings Land use Map Reqab Museum Residential building Cinema Ali Baba Deteriorated buildings Comparison between building condition according to the total number of buildings and building condition according to the total area of the buildings Accessibility & Roads Hierarchy Map Significant Buildings Map Ministry of foreign affairs Maspero Hilton Hotel Italian Embassy Rkab Musuem Visual Studies Map Visual Studies Map

006 006 006 006 007 007 007 007 007 008 008 009 010 010 011 013 013 013 014 014 014 014 014 015 015 015 015 015 016 016 016 016 016 016 017 018 018 018 018 018 018 019 019

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Figure 069: Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Problems illustration Population Percentages of Maspero Triangle Chosen sites location Nile view and Nearby to culture spine Shows the integration between the Nile and community The connectivity between the site and the culture spine Abo El Dahab Street/Wall zoning Children with German experts Crafts men working with Ezbet project team Shades made of materials from the surrounding Doum plant used as curtain in the interior Bottle basses as a recycled material Bottle basses as a recycled material Air circulation due to tentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; orientation Circulation in National Museum of Scotland Escalator Ramp of Guggenheim museum Sketch of astaircase Parking circulation Pathway Plan of Siwan Culture Centre Vertical and horizontal circulation in Siwan culture centre Designing circulation network Khan el Khalili, Fatimid Cairo, Egypt Khan el Khalili, after making slight changes in the color and material of the pathway Buildings of heritage value within Maspero reflecting the mood of the era in which they were constructed Transformability Adaptability Movability Seasonal Convertibility Maximum securing level for museums Context of the site View from the site of Bamiyan Valley View from the site of the Bande-amir national park Buddhas of Bamiyan mountain View from the site of Bamiyan Valley 3D zoning for Bamiyan Culture Center (System of negative spaces) The taller Buddha statue of Bamiyan 3D zoning for Bamiyan Culture Center Master plan Solid and Void Section B-B in the Educational Building Section A-A in the Exhibition and performance building

022 024 027 028 029 029 031 031 031 032 032 032 032 032 035 035 035 035 035 035 035 035 035 036 036 036 037 037 037 037 038 039 039 039 039 039 039 039 040 040 041 041 041

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Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Figure 093: Figure 094: Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Main elevation Shot from the zone of interaction (meeting place) Plan showing the zone of interaction (meeting place) Circulation and accessibility of the project Medium security is used in the Bamiyan culture center Shot of the transitional zone (corridor) which is designed to isolate 2 different moods View of Buddhas’ mountain from the site Shot from the transitional zone (corridor) which is designed to isolate 2 different moods 3D shot of Bamiyan Culture center Orientation of openings of exhibition halls and conference hall Interior opening of Exhibition with straight visual axis to Bid Buddha Interior opening of auditorium with straight visual axis to small Buddha Pictures showing the Bamiyan culture and community Pictures showing the community and culture of Maspero 3D shot of Istanbul Gülsuyu Cemevi and Cultural Center project with the context Site location and context Commercial service area Residential area of Alevi in Maltepe Municipality Existing building in the site Religious building of Cem Vakfı Maltepe Cemevi Topography(Contour level isused to make visual axis for all surrounding area Contour is used to make visual axis for all surrounding area Building Ecology (Different levels used for shade and shadow Zoning Zoning Layout showing pedestrians’ outdoor circulation and entrances Layout showing project entrances Ground floor plan Plan level -4 Plan level -8 Section (A-A) in the auditorium showing the projects’ levels Section cut (B-B) in plan Indoor and outdoor interaction zones Outdoor interaction zones Exhibition zone with less than minimum security Minimum security throughout the whole building Visual axis of the project Unlimited view showing all the context Reception and foyer With unlimited View Horizontal circulation of level -8.00 Horizontal circulation of ground floor Horizontal circulation of level -4.00

041 041 041 042 042 042 042 042

042 043 043 043 043 043 044 044 044 044 044 044 045 045 045 045 045 045 045 046 046 046 046 047 047 047 047 047 047 047 047 048 048 048

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Vertical circulation study Vehicles’ circulation Material of outdoor pedestrian Pathways Audibility application in the project Shot for the surroundings of the project Urban context of the project Shot from the project Exterior shot for the project Visual axis of the project Conceptual application of Istanbul culture centre’s visual permeability on Maspero Site surroundings Abo Dahab Street Top view of Abo Dahab Street Abo El Dahab Street/Wall zoning The former (original) Canal market Front Elevation of the new Canal market Touristic spine of Camden Lock and its connectivity with the site Touristic spine of Maspero and its connectivity with the site Developing women’s skills and crafts Community participation in the design process Economical improvement Community gatherings for culture-related events (Saturday dance) Saturday dance Community gatherings for culture-related events (Saturday dance) Culture of Siwa Culture of Senegal Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Modified 26th July street Attachment buildings L-Shape site Part of the site is confronting a main street Water front view Street within th selected site

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Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Simples of Classes for teaching in sets Minimum distances between tables Minimum distances between tables Minimum distances between tables with circulation Minimum dimension of chairs Minimum dimension of chairs Raised floor for electro-mechanically and electrical service Suspended ceiling for electro-mechanically and electrical service Visual studies Reflective lights Exhibition arrangement Exhibition entrances Galleries arrangements Seats spacing in an auditorium Seats spacing in an auditorium Seats circulation Seats circulation Design of the seats in the auditorium Elevation of seats Sound reflection Auditorium angles Auditorium angles View angles View angles in lecture halls View angles in lecture halls View angles in lecture halls View angles in lecture halls Multipurpose stage Building mass distribution Site Relation with the context Cultural tour inside the triangle Gathering Hub General zoning Talaat Harb Square Saad Zaghlol Square Uban Grid Foster Project Master Plan Foster Project Perspective Foster Project Perspective Foster Project Perspective System of negative spaces Air circulation Uban Grid Parametric element Parametric pattern

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Spot lights details General zoning Detailed zoning Triangle linkage Flooring pattern Organic building form 3D shot 3D shot 3D Study section 3D shot Eco passive design General zoning Detailed zoning Truck of life Revival of missing Intersection Colosseum Moaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;az street Tree of life Pedestrian street, italy Green roof with step-ed seats Environmental study Passive technicals Passive technicals Technical studies Technical studies Technical studies Lighting roof technology Kinetic facade General zoning Detailed zoning Interaction Natural studies Sketch to Cubes form Cairo Expo City Competition Dubai opera house project Wind catcher Solar Panels One Ocean Double facade Al Bahar Towers Zoning Courtesy of 314 architecture studio Insulation layers Double wall section

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Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Figure 273: Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure

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Gray water system Louvers section Zoning Axes Section showing view of important zones from the project Conceptual form Sultan Hassan Complex Inner courtyard of Mamluk Townhouse, Cairo Mix between Islamic architecture and architecture of Khedivial Cairo(Heliopolis Palace Hotel) Mix between Islamic architecture and architecture of Khedivial Cairo(Heliopolis Palace Hotel) Architectural building forms of Khedivial Cairo (Talaat Harb square) Pavegen Tiles Al Sadat Rest House, Kalabash, Egypt, by Hassan Fathy Aquacell Greywater System Modern Mashrabiya on Al Bahar towers, Abu Dhabi Example of Modern Mashrabiya Technical details Sectional study Masses Main spine Detailed zoning Environmental study Solar water heater diagram Solar energy diagram Visual axis of the project Visual permeability of the project ( Lego cubic form

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101 102 102 102 103 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 106 107 107 107

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2015 /2016 Š All copyrights of these documents are reserved for the mentioned group work, and any unauthorized use or distribution thereof will be subject to legal action.

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MASPERO Digital Receipt T his receipt acknowledges that T urnitin received your paper. Below you will f ind the receipt inf ormation regarding your submission.

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MODERN SCIENCE AND ARTS UNIVERSITY (MSA) Faculty of Engineering Architecture Department Graduation Project I Maspero Triangle Cuture Center 6th of October City 12686 Wahat Road, 243 www.msa.edu.eg

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