Kelleys Island User Guide - Logan West + Austin Bayer

CAED_ARCH30101_F21 V3

KELLEY’S ISLAND, OHIO

USER GUIDE

PREPARED BY LOGAN WEST AUSTIN BAYER

REVISED 21/11

Table of Contents

1. Scenarios for Kelley’s Island

2

5

a. Green Island

6

b. Isolation Island

11

c. Kelleys Island

17

d. No Island

23

e. Resort Island

29

2. How to fill Kellstone Quarry

35

a. Green island

39

b. Resort Island

49

c. Kelleys Island

59

3. How to use building

69

3

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

Scenario 1: Green Island

4

5

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

CLOSED

CLOSED

CLOSED

CLOSED

CLOSED

CLOSED

ED

D

OS

Like most areas of the US, Kelley’s Island suffered greatly from the Covid-19 pandemic.

In April, the entire island was shut down; all events were cancelled, marinas, beaches, and parks were closed, and all of the island’s businesses suffered as a result.

CL

We are sorry for the inconvenience

CLO SED

Tourism and Vacation Visits at Kelley’s Island are prohibited until May 1st, 2020

1,975

Millions

8 6 4 2 0 2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

790 592 394

FOR SALE 2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2031

2032

2033

Time (Years)

10

2018

987

0

gister

12

2017

1,382

197

Lake Erie Shores & Islands Tourism Rates

2015

1,580

Land for Sale (Acres)

Kelley’s Island is also facing an uncontrollable rise in environmental issues. The island experiences frequent flooding which damages the infrastructure and erodes the islands beaches. There is also a potential risk of algae bloom, located southwest to the island, which is extremely harmful to people, ecosystems, and the economy.

6

1,777

Due to the economic hardship of the pandemic as well as the long list of environmental factors working against Kelley’s Island the few businesses around were forced to close. Over the next ten years many of the island’s residents put their houses on the market. More and more properties antered the market, but not many sold on an island falling farther and farther into dilapidation.

2025

Years

These factors combined take away many aspects of the island’s appeal. It can be expensive to travel, and tourists want to make the most out of it. They want to vacation in scenic, historical areas, not areas with health risks, flooding, and eroded landscapes. Tourism will begin to decline.

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e Amount

$ 11,0 00,0 $ 550,000 00.00 .00

7 With the assistance of the island’s preservationists, the property owners of Kelley’s Island were able to work with the government to sell their land. The island’s unique natural ecology, history of indigenous presence, and Ohio historical signifigance made it easy to plan a national park on the land.

$ 11,5

50,000.0

0

PTION

Tourists Buyer

Initials

-1-

Tourism is the main source of income for Kelley’s Island. When tourism declines, there will not be enough income to maintain the island’s public services, economy, and environment. Kelley’s Island will be forced to increase the Resort Tax on businesses and the Lodging Tax on rental homes with the hope that they can use them to improve the island’s parks to attract visitors again.

Kelley’s Island In the coming years regular ferry trips to the island would stop to accomodate the remaining residents as they slowly moved off of the island.

Port at Marblehead Beach

Sandusky Ohio

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

National Park Services

After everybody leaves the island, the mayor hands over control to the government. Congress approves legislation, the president signs a bill designating Kellys Island as a National Park, and the Secretary of the Interior becomes responsible for preservation.

In order for the Park to prosper, the invasive species will have to be eliminated. Biologists will drop catfish, shrimp, and snails into the water to eat the algae blooms. Ash trees will be cut down. Coyotes and bears will hunt white tailed deer.

Kelleys Island National Park

With the new National Park efforts to remove invasive species, the island’s natural ecosystem is able to prosper. Kelley’s island has various bird, reptile, and insect species.These and some of the island’s rare plants, such as Limestone Wild Basil, Elk Sedge, various spike rush types, etc. will be protected for generations to come.

Employees hired for Kelleys Island National Park Park Serveyors

National Park Services hires employees to start developing the island as a National Park. Land Surveyors visit the site to outline the next steps.

A team of bioligists look for ways to improve the ecosystem. Construction workers start planning for remodling homes and buildings.

Park Rangers

Lake Erie Water Snake Balsam Groundsel

Hermit Thrush Hackberry

Giant Swallowtail Blunt Spike-Rush Seagulls

Biologists

Ecologists

Inscription Rock

Construction Workers

8

10

20

304

05

06

07

08

0

Includes petrogylphs from between 1200 and 1600 AD.

9

Kelleys Island Trail

Discovered in 1833 Land Mid Density Homes Low Density Homes Businesses Farms Quarry

With the Island ready to open the ferry took to it’s old schedule and began bringing new guests to the park.

With over 550 visitors on th first day, a wide array of hikers, bikers, and curious prior island residents and visitor were astounded by the island’s transformation.

Kelleys Island Souvenir Shop

Headquarters

The National Park will have the capability to research more in depth into the island’s Native American history.

Erie, Cat, or neutral Native American tribes once lived on Kelley’s Island and left relics behind to be studied.

It is important for the park to acknowledge all parts of the island’s history.

Scenario 2: Isolation Island

10

11

1. SCENARIOS

Total Covid Cases

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

Jan. 2020

May 2021

Elderly on Island SCARED for Their Health

May 2021 FORM

Ke lle y’s Lif e

RD-106

Village of Kelley’s Island

TOURISM TAX

Wine Sales SOAR

Winery June 2021

Ron Ehrbar

Mayor’s Signature

June 1, 2021

Date

Tourism tax implemented

Agriculture Aug. 2021

12

13 Citizens fear bankruptcy due to only having tourism as a form of income

Dec. 2021

Lafarge Lends Quarry to Kelley's Island

Housing

Isolation, Dredging, and Winery Economic Stimulation Agreement

May 2022 April 2022

Agreement is made with lafarge to stipend Kelley's Island to fill Quarry

Ron Ehrbar

Island officially closed to tourism

2051 Kelley’s Island has become financially independent. Supported by the creation of a hospital, communal housing, winery, and community agriculture

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

Fig. 1

October 2026 First grape crop is harvested

2023 Dredging of the Cuyahgoa River begins

KELLEY'S ISLAND MUNICIPAL AIRPORT

2024 Expansion of airport to house a new hospital for the island

2027 Reconstruction of airport into a hospital and wellness center complete

14

15

Fig. 3

2025 Reconstruction of abandoned winery

Summer 2026 First grape crop planted in the nutrient rich dredge soil

Fig. 2

2030 Winery is profitable and maintaining a stable and reliable economy

Community grocery made possible due to the islands new agricultural farming plots

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

Scenario 3: Kelley’s Island

16

17

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

2021

2020

Covid-19 is declared a global pandemic.

Parks and Recreation

Commercial

Residential

Manufacturing

Population: 309

Quarrying

Agriculture

Average Age: 65

2031

2029

2024

Wineries begin declining in Western US.

Global Tourism returns to pre-pandemic levels.

White (98.73%) Other (1.27%)

SALE

RENT

TOWN SURVEY Improve Transportation?

YES NO Increase Agriculture?

YES NO Protect Environment?

YES

NO

Water Glacial Grooves Existing Trails New Trails Road 1/8

0

Within town hall, local officials collected data from residents of the island to address what could make Kelley’s Island more attractive and accessible to locals and tourists alike. The responses would guide the change efforts made to the island.

18 0’ 1000’ 2000’ 3000’

0’ 1000’ 2000’ 3000’

1/2 mi.

1/4

In efforts to blend tourism with conservation, new trails are proposed and formed to showcase impressive landmarks without damaging its natural beauty. A new bridge over the grooves decrease the damaging foot traffic on the feature.

These maps reflect the current zoning of Kelleys Island, drawing attention to its current issues, and its low population, which has been declining for the past several years.

Number of Wineries Within a 30 Year Time Frame

Average Annual Temperature Ohio Vs. California

Ohio Vs. California

Temperature of California

4233.6

87.25

82.55

3704.4

77.85

3175.2

Temperature of Ohio 73.15

68.45

This image emphasizes the pressing threat that overgrown invasive species pose to native species on Kelleys Island

2116.8

1587.6

59.06

1058.4

Wineries in California

529.2

2021

This image represents the Kelleys Island school system, whose small size can offer hindrances and opportunites.

Wineries inOhio

2646.0

63.75

54.35

4762.8

Number of Wineries

Average Annual Temperature of United States (In Fahrenheit)

91.95

2026

2031

2036 Year

2041

2046

2051

Due to warming temperatures globally, the wine industry becomes more scarce in western regions...

2021

2026

2031

2036

2041

2046

2051

Year

...increasing the demand for wine and vineyards on Kelley’s Island.

19

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

2035

2041

2040

Population passes 700 people on the island.

New legislation recognizes the need for groove protection in the Great Lakes

To improve the accessibility to and from the island, the ferry system adds more docks and routes to address wait time and access points. This allows better connectivity between the island and the mainland, improving tourism and commuting situations.

Land

2051

2048

Sufficient funds are raised for the construction of a new bridge to the mainland.

Parks and Recreation

Commercial

Resedential

Manufacturing

White (72.3%) Black (13.4%) Population: 1,274

Asian (3.1%) Native American (5.3%)

Agriculture

Quarrying

Average Age: 48.5

Other (5.9%)

Gallery

New Dock Existing Routes New Routes 0

1/2 1

2 mi.

Kelleys Island Occupation 400

Key

378

2021 (306) 2041 (1200)

350

20

With an increase in agriculture, travel accommodations, and population, the occupations on the island shift and grow to address the new demands.

People in the Working Force

300

286 250

250

200

189 175

150

21

100

97 78

50 5

25

23

, ns rs en ted tio ge art pa ds ance rela g na erg iddle cu un n nd ludin ma ind oc and gro inte sa c nt l, K nd m ery rkers nd ma a oo sale ons, in me rmers Win wo g a nd er ge sch tary ers d ti na g fa ildin ing a ns an Oth upa rs Pre men ach a u B an c o M ludin rs tio oc ervis ele ool te cle upa inc nage c sup sch oc ma

Occupation

The housing styles of the island also shift from small residential homes to apartment buildings and condos for a growing community in a small area.

0’ 1000’ 2000’ 3000’

0’ 1000’ 2000’ 3000’

The two maps abover reflect the resultant zoning, increased population, and diversification of Kelleys Island in 2051.

Kelleys Thai Gallery

Scheele Preserve

This image shows the new downtown area that all of the aforementioned factors would help to create and sustain.

NOW OPEN!

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

Scenario 4: No Island

22

23

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

YEAR 2021

YEAR 2036

LAFARGE QUARRY LAKE ERIE

Search KELLEYS LIFE

fig.1: 67 per 100 milliliter (mL) of Anabaena (Harmful Algal Bloom)

KELLEYS ISLAND RECORD FLOODING

Olympic2036

fig.2: 56 per 100 milliliter (mL) of Cyanobacteria Microcystis

HISTORIC_HEAT_WAVES

CAMP PATMOS INTAKE

(Harmful Algal Bloom)

0

0.25

0.5

1

1.5

2

3

MILES

CNN

LAFARGE QUARRY LAKE ERIE

KELLEYS ISLAND INTAKE

0

INTAKE POINTS

0.25

0.5

1

1.5

2

3

MILES

LAFARGE QUARRY

OPEN WATER DISPOSAL SITES

LAKE ERIE

0

24

0.25

0.5

1

1.5

2

KELLEYS ISLAND CROSS-SECTION SOIL PROFILE AND TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP 10/02/2020

4h

fig.4: 40 per 100 milliliter (mL) of Phosphorus

Government of Kelleys Island inaction to address the potential water crisis leaves vulnerable population (average a ge 6 5) susceptible to serious long-term health problems Historic flooding on Kelleys Islands severely Historic ßooding o n Kelleys I slands affected the existing water system by depositing pollutants from the mainland around intake system b y Erie. depositing pollutants f rom stations on Lake Experts also show concerns intake on aboutthe themainland integrity ofaround buildings afterstations the flooding.

Lake Erie. Experts also show concerns about t he i ntegrity o f buildings a fter the ßooding.

fig.2.

fig.1.

MILES

Kelleys Island is unsewered and mostly relies on water from Lake Erie as the main source of fresh water

CNN NEWS

fig.3: 90 per 100 milliliter (mL) of E. coli bacteria

0

0.25

0.5

1

1.5

2

3

fig.3.

Because of blasting and deepening from quarrying activity and removal of limestone on Kelleys Island during the 1900s, the potentiometric surface has been largely decreased from the 1980s to 2000s around 40ft

Kelleys Island facing possible water crisis from inadequate sewage system

Recent report from Erie County General Health District granted by EPA on water sampling around the intake station of Kelleys Island

LIMESTONE COBBLESTONE BEDROCK LIMESTONE STIFF ROCK

PARKS/REC & CENTRAL BUSINESS

CLIFFS FORMATION

PARKS/REC

PARKS/REC & LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL

9’

MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL

BUSINESS TRANSITIONAL

CENTRAL BUSINESS AND RESIDENTIAL(MEDIUM DENSED)

7’

RESIDENTIAL (LOW DENSITY) PARKS/REC

COMMERICAL TRANSITIONAL AND RESIDENTIAL(MEDIUM DENSED)

5’ 3’

HEAVY FLOODING FLOODING

1’

NORTH WEST BLUFFS

fig.4.

MILES

LITTLE TO NO FLOODING

LONG POINT BEACH

Topography of the island and its soil profile.

The foundation slab of two-story family home on Lakeshore Dr. damaged by small settlement and ground cracking. Many houses on the shores have been demolished.

Flooding area and neighborhood within the area.

25

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

YEAR 2042

YEAR 2052

LIVE TV

Jr Updated 6:32 AM ET, Fri September 20, 2042

RATES OF EROSION

Jr YEAR 2030

26

The heavy rains occured with high frequencies with high wind forces the residents of the island to temporarily evacuate.

YEAR 2040

YEAR 2050

Gradual Progression of eroded shoreline around Sandy Beach House.

Official R.E.D from Governor DeWine to permanent evacuate Kelleys Island due to threatening level of heavy pollutants and hazardous land.

MILLIONS OF DOLLARS

FLOOD DAMAGE 120

GROUND FAILURE

90

60

30

0 RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

COMMERICAL BUILDINGS

PARKS AND RECREATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

HISTORIC LANDMARK

Many used-to-be tourist destinations are now contaminated with concentrated level of phosphorus and pathogens of water-borne diseases.

27

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

Scenario 5: Resort Island

28

29

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

2020

2030 Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, L.P.

01 With new policies attracting the attention to the island, exeisting infrastructure is under stress and must expand.

419 - 627 - 2233

Village of Kelleys Island

121 Addison Rd

Kelleys Island Master Plan

Kelleys Island, Ohio, 43438

11/12/2021

Description

Work/Service

The Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, L.P. will work to expand the existing square mileage of Kelley’s Island in incremental expansions planned over the next 10 year.

Land Reclaimation Reservation Preservation

The Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, L.P. will work to protect the existing Reservation unless it interferes with the planed development of Kelley’s Island.

Public Infrastructure

The Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, L.P. will work to update and expand the existing infrastructure system to allow for further development of Kelley’s Island.

Sewage Redevolpement

The Cedar Fair Entertainment Company, L.P. will work to address the current sewage system on Kelley’s Island to support further urban development.

02 Authorized Signature - Richard A Zimmerman

01

30

01 Mayor Ron Ehbrar is elected into office in year 2020.

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01

03

As water levels decrease, by 2035, Kelleyes Island has began the land reclaimation process.

Higher desnsity households settle in these areas.

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A proposal declairing infrastructure, landevelopment, and reservation preservation will be at the forefront of the mayor’s plans.

Kelleyes Island zoning map 2020

109

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10 88

With the advancement of infrasutructure, higher density builidsings and households begin living near the pier.

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The first hotel funded

by Cedar Fairs is built on the island near the ferry docks.

04 03

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

1. SCENARIOS

2050

2040 01

Increasing encroachment of the preservations spark protests.

01 Kelleyes Island develops a high residential houses near the main port.

02 Despite outrage, development still grows into reserved land to meet the islands tourism demands. A golf course is also built on the previous quarry.

01 88 97

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Construction of a new beach front area on the island continues.

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Reclaimation process finish the new beach area, with a pier suitable of docking a yacht.

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KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

How to fill Kelleys Island’s Kellstone Quarry

34

a. Green island

39

b. Resort Island

49

c. Kelleys Island

59

35

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

36

2. QUARRY FILLING

37

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

Green Island

38

39

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

the base for future land development 2024

2. QUARRY FILLING

building project cosntructed 2027

40

41

additional land for native species testing 2032

hiking trails made as a public extension of research land 2038

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

land fills interstitial parcels of hiking trails to create land observation space 2042 42

43

Island prepares for new tourism by creating a welcome center 2052

A stream is dug to accomodate growing preserve land 2045

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

44

45

isometric 1 scale: 1/256” = 1’

Building project constructed 2027

isometric 1 scale: 1/256” = 1’

Welcome center constructed 2052

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

sandbox model fig.2

46

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sandbox model fig.1

sandbox model fig.3

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

Resort Island

48

49

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

the base for future land development 2024

hiking trails created in effort to engage new landscape 2027

50

51

building project cosntructed 2031

a golf course is cosntructed to accomodate new sports facility 2036

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

small pavilions built around island to provide extra recreation 2038 52

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a luxury resort is built as a result of cedar fairs efforts to expand 2052

high density housing is built to accomodate rising population on the island 2046

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2. QUARRY FILLING

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isometric 1 scale: 1/256” = 1’

building project cosntructed 2031

isometric 1 scale: 1/256” = 1’

a luxury resort is built as a result of cedar fairs efforts to expand 2052

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

2. QUARRY FILLING

sandbox model fig.2

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sandbox model fig.1

sandbox model fig.3

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2. QUARRY FILLING

Kelleys Island

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KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

the base for future land development 2024

2. QUARRY FILLING

building project cosntructed 2027

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hiking trails are created in effort to engage new landscape 2032

a vineyard is built to respond to new demand for wine 2040

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2. QUARRY FILLING

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housing development built to respond to the growing population on the island 2045

a park is crearted to further engage the vineyard with the public 2052

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isometric 1 scale: 1/256” = 1’

building project cosntructed 2027

isometric 1 scale: 1/256” = 1’

a park is crearted to further engage the vineyard with the public 2052

sandbox model fig.2

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sandbox model fig.1

sandbox model fig.3

How to use the building project on Kelleys Island quarry

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a. General Guidlines

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b. Capital

77

c. Courtyard

81

d. Plinth

85

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3. BUILDING GUIDE

Adapting to the unexpected This manual covers problems you may face when using this building. It provides information about how to safely evaluate the problem and adapt accordingly. Please read carefully.

This building adapts to many sites it is placed in. If you follow the directions carefully, you will find this true.

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As you read this manual, you will find information that is preceded by a notice symbol. This infomation is intended to help you identify important events and cases for change within the building.

This user manual should be considered a permenant part of the building and should remain with the building regardless its stewardship.

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3. BUILDING GUIDE

General Guidelines

capital see pg.77

This section of the user guide consists of three subsections. Each pertains to a corresponding part of the building.

The capital is the top half of the massing, consisting of 36 windows, 4 floors, and an accessible roofscape.

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courtyard see pg.81

plinth see pg.85

The courtyard is the center void of the massing, in addition to layered interior balconies, it also provides an independent, partially shaded space for its users 73

The plinth is the bottom half of the massing, consisting of a large truss structural system. In some scenarios, the plinth can become a basement

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3. BUILDING GUIDE

notice This building takes advantage of two orthogonal grids, one being slighty pivoted away from the other.

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These overlapping grids have the ability to produce critical moments in the plan and can be used to articulate the floor plan in any given scenario/ moment in time.

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3. BUILDING GUIDE

The Plinth

1. If the plinth sits above ground, use it as a large entry space for public use. (ie. resort island 2027

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77

entry level

2. Once the plinth is buried, reference thispart as a basement, and adjust the entry level to 01 (ref pg 83)

KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

3. BUILDING GUIDE

notice 78

Black poche means the space is not subject to change.

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KELLEY’S ISLAND – USER GUIDE

3. BUILDING GUIDE

The Courtyard

1. Courtyard may be filled to provide additional cooling

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3. BUILDING GUIDE

warning If there is no need for an increase in thermal control in the basement, do not fill the couryard

notice tip: The more fill, the better the thermal control will be

notice

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03

2. Overfilling the courtyard may lead to undesired results, please consult a professional before filling past level 03

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3. BUILDING GUIDE

The Capital

1. If additional cooling in the basement is needed, fill the courtyard accordingly

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warning if our building is buried, we will rely on the courtyard for a natural light source

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3. BUILDING GUIDE

notice 86

soldier pile walls are used in construction to allow for the building to be buried

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